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lang="en">circle</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif text-2xl mobile:text-xl">(n.)</span></h2></div><section class="-mt-4 -mb-2 lg:-mb-2"><p>c. 1300, "figure of a circle, a plane figure whose periphery is everywhere equidistant from its center point," from Old French <i class="foreign notranslate">cercle</i> "circle, ring (for the finger); hoop of a helmet or barrel" (12c.), from Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">circulus</i> "circular figure; small ring, hoop; circular orbit" (also source of Italian <i class="foreign notranslate">cerchio</i>), diminutive of <i class="foreign notranslate">circus</i> "ring" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of circus " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/circus">circus</a>).</p> <p>Replaced Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">trendel</i> and <i class="foreign notranslate">hring</i>. Late Old English used <i class="foreign notranslate">circul</i>, from Latin, but only in an astronomical sense. Also used of things felt to be analogous to a circle: The meaning "group of persons surrounding a center of interest" is from 1714 (it also was a secondary sense of Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">circulus</i>); that of "coterie" is from 1640s (a sense also found in Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">circulus</i>).</p> <p>To <i class="foreign notranslate">come full circle</i> is in Shakespeare. Sense in logic, "inconclusive argument in which unproved statements are used to prove each other" is from 1640s. Meaning "dark mark around or beneath the eyes" is from 1848.</p></section><div class=""><p class="text-sm font-sans text-battleship-gray flex items-center mt-0"><a class="inline-flex items-center text-battleship-gray hover:text-primary transition-colors group hover:no-underline" rel="nofollow" aria-label="also from c. 1300" title="Search for words also from c. 1300" href="/search?sort=a&q=from%3Ac.%25201300"><span class="inline-flex items-center font-normal">also from c. 1300</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ml-0 w-4 h-4 text-lg transition-transform group-hover:translate-x-0.5" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a></p></div></section></div><div class="space-y-2 pb-2"><section class="prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none"><div><h2 id="#etymonline_v_45471" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-4xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">circle</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif text-2xl mobile:text-xl">(v.)</span></h2></div><section class="-mt-4 -mb-2 lg:-mb-2"><p>late 14c., <i class="foreign notranslate">cerclen</i>, "to shape like a globe," also "to encompass or surround with a circle," from <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of circle " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/circle#etymonline_v_13717">circle</a> (n.). From c. 1400 as "to set in a circular pattern;" mid-15c. as "to move round in a circle." Related: <i class="foreign notranslate">Circled</i>; <i class="foreign notranslate">circling</i>. To <i class="foreign notranslate">circle the wagons</i>, figuratively, "assume an alert defensive stance" is from 1969, from old Western movies.</p></section><div class="-mb-6 lg:-mb-8"><p class="text-sm font-sans text-battleship-gray flex items-center mt-0"><a class="inline-flex items-center text-battleship-gray hover:text-primary transition-colors group hover:no-underline" rel="nofollow" aria-label="also from late 14c." title="Search for words also from late 14c." href="/search?sort=a&q=from%3Alate%252014c."><span class="inline-flex items-center font-normal">also from late 14c.</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ml-0 w-4 h-4 text-lg transition-transform group-hover:translate-x-0.5" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a></p></div></section></div></div></div></div><div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Entries linking to <em> circle </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of circus" class="w-full group" href="/word/circus"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_13730" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">circus</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>late 14c., in reference to the large, oblong, unroofed enclosures used for races, etc., in ancient Rome, from Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">circus</i> "ring, circular line," which was applied by Romans to circular arenas for performances and contests and oval courses for racing (especially the <i class="foreign notranslate">Circus Maximus</i>), from or cognate with Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">kirkos</i> "a circle, a ring," perhaps from PIE <i class="foreign notranslate">*kikro-</i>, reduplicated form of root <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *sker- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/*sker-#etymonline_v_52738">*sker-</a> (2) "to turn, bend." The adjective form is circensian.</p> <p>In reference to modern large arenas for performances of feats of horsemanship, acrobatics, etc., from 1791, sense then extended to the performing company itself and the entertainment given, hence "traveling show" (originally <i class="foreign notranslate">traveling circus</i>, 1838). Extended in World War I to squadrons of military aircraft. Meaning "lively uproar, chaotic hubbub" is from 1869.</p> <p>Sense in <i class="foreign notranslate">Picadilly Circus</i> and other place names is from early 18c. sense "buildings arranged in a ring," also "circular road."</p></section></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of C" class="w-full group" href="/word/C"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_27561" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">C</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>third letter of the Latin alphabet. Alphabetic writing came to Rome via the southern Etruscan "Caeretan" script, in which <i class="foreign notranslate">gamma</i> was written as a crescent. Early Romans made little use of Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">kappa</i> and used <i class="foreign notranslate">gamma</i> for both the "g" and "k" sounds, the latter more frequently, so that the "k" sound came to be seen as the proper one for <i class="foreign notranslate">gamma</i>. Classical Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">-c-</i>, with only the value "k," passed to Celtic and, via missionary Irish monks, to the Anglo-Saxons. Also see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of cee " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/cee">cee</a>.</p> <p>In some Old English words, before some vowels and in certain positions, <i class="foreign notranslate">-c-</i> had a "ts" sound that was respelled <i class="foreign notranslate">ch-</i> in Middle English by French scribes (<a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of chest " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/chest">chest</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of cheese " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/cheese">cheese</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of church " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/church">church</a>; see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of ch " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/ch">ch</a>). In Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">-k-</i> was known but little used.</p> <p>Meanwhile, in Old French, many "k" sounds drifted to "ts" and by 13c., "s," but still were written <i class="foreign notranslate">-c-</i>. Thus the 1066 invasion brought to the English language a flood of French and Latin words in which <i class="foreign notranslate">-c-</i> represented "s" (as in <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of cease " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/cease">cease</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of ceiling " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/ceiling">ceiling</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of circle " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/circle">circle</a>) and a more vigorous use of <i class="foreign notranslate">-k-</i> to distinguish that sound. By 15c. even native English words with <i class="foreign notranslate">-s-</i> were being respelled with <i class="foreign notranslate">-c-</i> for "s" (<a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of ice " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/ice">ice</a>, <i class="foreign notranslate">mice</i>, <i class="foreign notranslate">lice</i>).</p> <p>Before c. 1800, English words now spelled in -c often ended in -ck and this is kept in <i class="foreign notranslate">picnicked, </i><i class="foreign notranslate">trafficking, </i><i class="foreign notranslate">panicky</i>, <i class="foreign notranslate">shellacked</i>, etc. to preserve the "k" sound of <i class="foreign notranslate">-c-</i> before a suffix beginning in <i class="foreign notranslate">-i-</i>, <i class="foreign notranslate">-y-</i>, or <i class="foreign notranslate">-e-</i>.</p> <blockquote> The final k, after c, in words derived from the learned languages, though carefully retained by Johnson and other writers, has been omitted, in conformity to modern custom and the originals. For it seems to me to be rather incongruous to write <i class="foreign notranslate">musick</i> from <i class="foreign notranslate">musica</i>, especially as the <i class="foreign notranslate">k</i> has been exploded by general consent from the derivatives <i class="foreign notranslate">musician</i> and <i class="foreign notranslate">musical</i>. [John Ash, advertisement to "New and Complete Dictionary of the English Language," 1775] </blockquote> <p>In some English words from Italian, the <i class="foreign notranslate">-c-</i> has a "ch" sound (via a sound evolution somewhat like the Old French one). In German, <i class="foreign notranslate">-c-</i> in loanwords was regularized to <i class="foreign notranslate">-k-</i> or <i class="foreign notranslate">-z-</i> (depending on pronunciation) in the international spelling reform of 1901, which was based on the Duden guide of 1880.</p> <p>As a symbol in the Roman numeral system, "one hundred;" the symbol originally was a Greek theta, but was later reduced in form and understood to stand for <i class="foreign notranslate">centum</i>. In music, it is the name of the keynote of the natural scale, though the exact pitch varied in time and place 18c. and 19c. from 240 vibrations per second to 275; it wasn't entirely regularized (at 261.63) until the adoption of the A440 standard in the 1930s. <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">C-spring</i></strong> as a type of carriage spring is from 1794, so called for its shape.</p></section></div></div></div><div class="mt-4"><ul class="list-none flex gap-2 flex-wrap"><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of circlet" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/circlet">circlet</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of circle-wise" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/circle-wise">circle-wise</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of circular" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/circular">circular</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of circulate" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/circulate">circulate</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of circulation" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/circulation">circulation</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of circulatory" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/circulatory">circulatory</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of encircle" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/encircle">encircle</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of full-circle" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/full-circle">full-circle</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of semicircle" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/semicircle">semicircle</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of *sker-" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/*sker-">*sker-</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of -ule" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/-ule">-ule</a></li><li><a role="button" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 border-medium min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-full [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none border-primary text-primary data-[hover=true]:!bg-primary data-[hover=true]:!text-primary-foreground text-sm sm:text-base md:text-lg font-sans bg-primary/10 dark:bg-primary/5 hover:text-white px-2 sm:px-3 md:px-4 whitespace-normal sm:whitespace-nowrap" href="/word/circle/related">See All Related Words (13)<div class="-ml-1"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="text-3xl text-inherit" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="space-y-2 w-full"><div class="relative"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray absolute -mt-6">Advertisement</span><div class="relative min-h-[90px] w-full"><div class="relative z-10 min-h-[90px] w-full flex items-center justify-center"><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_wd_ngram" class="flex adsbygoogle items-center transition-all mt-1 w-full max-h-[250px]"><div class="w-full p-4 rounded-md min-w-[300px] items-center justify-center flex w-full h-full bg-secondary/50"><p class="text-foreground/80 text-center">Want to remove ads? <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Log in</a> to see fewer ads, and become a <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Premium Member</a> to remove all ads.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="min-h-unit-7"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Trends of <em> circle </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><canvas role="img" height="150" width="300"></canvas><div class="text-left text-xs font-sans italic py-2 text-spanish-gray dark:text-davis-gray">adapted from books.google.com/ngrams/ with a 7-year moving average; ngrams are probably unreliable.</div></div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">More to explore</h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of circulate" class="w-full group" href="/word/circulate"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">circulate</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="1540s as a chemical term in reference to alternating vaporization and condensation, from Latin circulatus, past participle of circulare "to form a circle," from circulus "small ring" (see circle (n.)). Intransitive sense of "to pass about freely, pass from place to place or perso" class="block" href="/word/circulate"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of circulate">1540s as a chemical term in reference to alternating vaporization and condensation, from Latin circulatus, past participle of circulare "to form a circle," from circulus "small ring" (see circle (n.)). Intransitive sense of "to pass about freely, pass from place to place or perso</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of circulation" class="w-full group" href="/word/circulation"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">circulation</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="mid-15c., circulacioun, in alchemy, "process of changing something from one element into another," from Latin circulationem (nominative circulatio), noun of action from past-participle stem of circulare "to form a circle," from circulus "small ring" (see circle (n.)). Of blood, "" class="block" href="/word/circulation"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of circulation">mid-15c., circulacioun, in alchemy, "process of changing something from one element into another," from Latin circulationem (nominative circulatio), noun of action from past-participle stem of circulare "to form a circle," from circulus "small ring" (see circle (n.)). Of blood, "</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of set" class="w-full group" href="/word/set"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">set</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="Middle English setten, from Old English settan (transitive) "cause to sit; make or cause to rest as on a seat; cause to be put, placed, or seated;" also "put in a definite place," also "arrange, fix adjust; fix or appoint (a time) for some affair or transaction," and "cause (thou" class="block" href="/word/set"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of set">Middle English setten, from Old English settan (transitive) "cause to sit; make or cause to rest as on a seat; cause to be put, placed, or seated;" also "put in a definite place," also "arrange, fix adjust; fix or appoint (a time) for some affair or transaction," and "cause (thou</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of cyclone" class="w-full group" href="/word/cyclone"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">cyclone</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="devastating storm of December 1789 in Coringa, India; irregularly formed from a Latinized form of Greek kyklon "moving in a circle..., whirling around," present participle of kykloun "move in a circle, whirl," from kyklos "circle" (from PIE root *kwel- (..." class="block" href="/word/cyclone"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of cyclone">devastating storm of December 1789 in Coringa, India; irregularly formed from a Latinized form of Greek kyklon "moving in a circle..., whirling around," present participle of kykloun "move in a circle, whirl," from kyklos "circle" (from PIE root *kwel- (...</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of encyclopedia" class="w-full group" href="/word/encyclopedia"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">encyclopedia</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="a false reading by Latin authors of Greek enkyklios paideia taken as "general education," but literally "training in a circle...," i.e. the "circle" of arts and sciences, the essentials of a liberal education; from enkyklios "circular," also "general..." (from en "in;" see in + kyklos "circle;" from PIE root *kwel- (1) "revolve, move round") + paideia "education, child-rearing..." class="block" href="/word/encyclopedia"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of encyclopedia">a false reading by Latin authors of Greek enkyklios paideia taken as "general education," but literally "training in a circle...," i.e. the "circle" of arts and sciences, the essentials of a liberal education; from enkyklios "circular," also "general..." (from en "in;" see in + kyklos "circle;" from PIE root *kwel- (1) "revolve, move round") + paideia "education, child-rearing...</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of sector" class="w-full group" href="/word/sector"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">sector</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="1560s, in geometry, "a section of a circle between two radii," from Late Latin sector "section of a circle," in classical...regard to shape) is by 1920, perhaps generalized from a World War I military sense (1916) of "part of a front," based on a circle..." class="block" href="/word/sector"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of sector">1560s, in geometry, "a section of a circle between two radii," from Late Latin sector "section of a circle," in classical...regard to shape) is by 1920, perhaps generalized from a World War I military sense (1916) of "part of a front," based on a circle...</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of quadrant" class="w-full group" href="/word/quadrant"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">quadrant</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="From 1570s as "the quarter of a circle, the arc of a circle containing 90 degrees."...The ancient surveying instrument for measuring altitudes is so called from c. 1400, because it forms a quarter circle...." class="block" href="/word/quadrant"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of quadrant">From 1570s as "the quarter of a circle, the arc of a circle containing 90 degrees."...The ancient surveying instrument for measuring altitudes is so called from c. 1400, because it forms a quarter circle....</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of disk" class="w-full group" href="/word/disk"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">disk</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="1660s, "round, approximately flat surface," from Latin discus "quoit, discus, disk," from Greek diskos "disk, quoit, platter," related to dikein "to throw" (see discus). The American English preferred spelling; also see disc. From 1803 as "thin, circular plate;" sense of "phonogr" class="block" href="/word/disk"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of disk">1660s, "round, approximately flat surface," from Latin discus "quoit, discus, disk," from Greek diskos "disk, quoit, platter," related to dikein "to throw" (see discus). The American English preferred spelling; also see disc. From 1803 as "thin, circular plate;" sense of "phonogr</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of skid" class="w-full group" href="/word/skid"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">skid</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="c. 1600, "beam, log, or plank on which something rests," especially on which something heavy can be rolled from place to place (1782), of uncertain origin, probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse skið "stick of wood" (see ski (n.)). As "a sliding along" from 1890; s" class="block" href="/word/skid"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of skid">c. 1600, "beam, log, or plank on which something rests," especially on which something heavy can be rolled from place to place (1782), of uncertain origin, probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse skið "stick of wood" (see ski (n.)). As "a sliding along" from 1890; s</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of loop" class="w-full group" href="/word/loop"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">loop</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 14c., "a fold or doubling of cloth, rope, leather, cord, etc.," of uncertain origin. OED favors a Celtic origin (compare Gaelic lub "bend," Irish lubiam), which in English was perhaps influenced by or blended with Old Norse hlaup "a leap, run" (see leap (v.)). As a feature o" class="block" href="/word/loop"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of loop">late 14c., "a fold or doubling of cloth, rope, leather, cord, etc.," of uncertain origin. OED favors a Celtic origin (compare Gaelic lub "bend," Irish lubiam), which in English was perhaps influenced by or blended with Old Norse hlaup "a leap, run" (see leap (v.)). As a feature o</div></a></div></div></div><div><div class="w-full space-y-4 pb-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Share <em>circle</em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex gap-4 items-center"><button class="text-lg bg-secondary font-bold text-battleship-gray/80 px-4 py-2 rounded-full transition-colors hover:text-primary hover:bg-gray-200">‘cite’</button><button class="text-2xl bg-secondary text-battleship-gray/80 cursor-pointer hover:text-[#1877f2] p-2 rounded-full hover:bg-gray-100" rel="nofollow"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 320 512" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z"></path></svg></button><button 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(n.d.). Etymology of circle. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved March 30, 2025, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/circle</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy APA Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">Chicago Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy Chicago Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">Harper Douglas, "Etymology of circle," Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed March 30, 2025, https://www.etymonline.com/word/circle.</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy Chicago Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">MLA Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy MLA Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">Harper, Douglas. "Etymology of circle." Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/circle. Accessed 30 March, 2025.</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy MLA Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">IEEE Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy IEEE Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">D. 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flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" class="w-8 h-8 mr-2 animate-spin text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M512 1024c-69.1 0-136.2-13.5-199.3-40.2C251.7 958 197 921 150 874c-47-47-84-101.7-109.8-162.7C13.5 648.2 0 581.1 0 512c0-19.9 16.1-36 36-36s36 16.1 36 36c0 59.4 11.6 117 34.6 171.3 22.2 52.4 53.9 99.5 94.3 139.9 40.4 40.4 87.5 72.2 139.9 94.3C395 940.4 452.6 952 512 952c59.4 0 117-11.6 171.3-34.6 52.4-22.2 99.5-53.9 139.9-94.3 40.4-40.4 72.2-87.5 94.3-139.9C940.4 629 952 571.4 952 512c0-59.4-11.6-117-34.6-171.3a440.45 440.45 0 0 0-94.3-139.9 437.71 437.71 0 0 0-139.9-94.3C629 83.6 571.4 72 512 72c-19.9 0-36-16.1-36-36s16.1-36 36-36c69.1 0 136.2 13.5 199.3 40.2C772.3 66 827 103 874 150c47 47 83.9 101.8 109.7 162.7 26.7 63.1 40.2 130.2 40.2 199.3s-13.5 136.2-40.2 199.3C958 772.3 921 827 874 874c-47 47-101.8 83.9-162.7 109.7-63.1 26.8-130.2 40.3-199.3 40.3z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="w-full"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none bg-secondary/20 shadow-none border border-secondary/30 rounded-md min-w-[300px] w-full" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large font-medium font-sans text-davis-gray items-start justify-start hyphens-auto" lang="en"><span>Dictionary entries near <em>circle</em></span></div><hr class="shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider" role="separator"/><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased"><ul class="list-none list-none grid grid-cols-1"><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/circadian" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of circadian" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">circadian</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/Circassian" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of Circassian" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">Circassian</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/Circe" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of Circe" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">Circe</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/circensian" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of circensian" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">circensian</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/circinate" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of circinate" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">circinate</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity opacity-disabled cursor-default pointer-events-none w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" data-disabled="true" href="/word/circle" rel="nofollow" role="link" aria-disabled="true" title="Origin and meaning of circle" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">circle</span></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/circlet" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of circlet" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">circlet</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/circle-wise" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of circle-wise" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">circle-wise</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/circuit" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of circuit" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">circuit</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/circuitous" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of circuitous" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">circuitous</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/circuitry" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of circuitry" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">circuitry</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sticky top-20 w-full"><div class="relative bg-secondary/50 w-fullrounded-md"><div class="border-b border-divider pl-4 py-2 border-white/80 dark:border-white/10 flex justify-between items-center"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray">Advertisement</span><button type="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close advertisement" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 min-w-20 h-10 text-small gap-2 [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none text-default-foreground 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class="w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center rounded-full border border-primary hover:bg-primary/10 text-primary" href="/search?q=B">B</a><a title="Browse words starting with "C"" rel="nofollow" class="w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center rounded-full border border-primary hover:bg-primary/10 text-primary" href="/search?q=C">C</a><a title="Browse words starting with "D"" rel="nofollow" class="w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center rounded-full border border-primary hover:bg-primary/10 text-primary" href="/search?q=D">D</a><a title="Browse words starting with "E"" rel="nofollow" class="w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center rounded-full border border-primary hover:bg-primary/10 text-primary" href="/search?q=E">E</a><a title="Browse words starting with "F"" rel="nofollow" class="w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center rounded-full border border-primary hover:bg-primary/10 text-primary" href="/search?q=F">F</a><a title="Browse words starting with "G"" rel="nofollow" class="w-6 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earliest year for which there is a surviving written record of that word (in English, unless otherwise indicated). 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words\"},{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"https://www.etymonline.com/word/circle\",\"name\":\"circle\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https://www.etymonline.com\"}]2c:T5c7,\u003cp\u003ec. 1300, \"figure of a circle, a plane figure whose periphery is everywhere equidistant from its center point,\" from Old French \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecercle\u003c/span\u003e \"circle, ring (for the finger); hoop of a helmet or barrel\" (12c.), from Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecirculus\u003c/span\u003e \"circular figure; small ring, hoop; circular orbit\" (also source of Italian \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecerchio\u003c/span\u003e), diminutive of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecircus\u003c/span\u003e \"ring\" (see \u003ca href=\"/word/circus\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of circus \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ecircus\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReplaced Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003etrendel\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ehring\u003c/span\u003e. Late Old English used \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecircul\u003c/span\u003e, from Latin, but only "])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"in an astronomical sense. Also used of things felt to be analogous to a circle: The meaning \"group of persons surrounding a center of interest\" is from 1714 (it also was a secondary sense of Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecirculus\u003c/span\u003e); that of \"coterie\" is from 1640s (a sense also found in Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecirculus\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecome full circle\u003c/span\u003e is in Shakespeare. Sense in logic, \"inconclusive argument in which unproved statements are used to prove each other\" is from 1640s. Meaning \"dark mark around or beneath the eyes\" is from 1848.\u003c/p\u003e2e:T54c,\u003cp\u003elate 14c., in reference to the large, oblong, unroofed enclosures used for races, etc., in ancient Rome, from Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecircus\u003c/span\u003e \"ring, circular line,\" which was applied by Romans to circular arenas for performances and contests and oval courses for racing (especially the \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eCircus Maximus\u003c/span\u003e), from or cognate with Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ekirkos\u003c/span\u003e \"a circle, a ring,\" perhaps from PIE \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*kikro-\u003c/span\u003e, reduplicated form of root \u003ca href=\"/word/*sker-#etymonline_v_52738\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of *sker- \"rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003e*sker-\u003c/a\u003e (2) \"to turn, bend.\" The adjective form is circensian.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn reference to modern large arenas for performances of feats of horsemanship, acrobatics, etc., from 1791, sense then extended to the performing company itself and the entertainment given, hence \"traveling show\" (originally \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003etraveling circus\u003c/span\u003e, 1838). Extended in World War I to squadrons of military aircraft. Meaning \"lively uproar, chaotic hubbub\" is from 1869.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSense in \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ePicadilly Circus\u003c/span\u003e and other place names is from early 18c. sense \"buildings arranged in a ring,\" also \"circular road.\"\u003c/p\u003e2f:T13d2,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003ethird letter of the Latin alphabet. Alphabetic writing came to Rome via the southern Etruscan \"Caeretan\" script, in which \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egamma\u003c/span\u003e was written as a crescent. Early Romans made little use of Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ekappa\u003c/span\u003e and used \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egamma\u003c/span\u003e for both the \"g\" and \"k\" sounds, the latter more frequently, so that the \"k\" sound came to be seen as the proper one for \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egamma\u003c/span\u003e. Classical Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-c-\u003c/span\u003e, with only the value \"k,\" passed to Celtic and, via missionary Irish monks, to the Anglo-Saxons. Also see \u003ca href=\"/word/cee\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of cee \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ecee\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn some Old English words, before some vowels and in certain positions, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-c-\u003c/span\u003e had a \"ts\" sound that was respelled \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ech-\u003c/span\u003e in Middle English by French scribes (\u003ca href=\"/word/chest\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of chest \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003echest\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/cheese\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of cheese \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003echeese\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/church\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of church \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003echurch\u003c/a\u003e; see \u003ca href=\"/word/ch\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of ch \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ech\u003c/a\u003e). In Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-k-\u003c/span\u003e was known but little used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, in Old French, many \"k\" sounds drifted to \"ts\" and by 13c., \"s,\" but still were written \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-c-\u003c/span\u003e. Thus the 1066 invasion brought to the English language a flood of French and Latin words in which \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-c-\u003c/span\u003e represented \"s\" (as in \u003ca href=\"/word/cease\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of cease \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ecease\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/ceiling\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of ceiling \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eceiling\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/circle\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of circle \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ecircle\u003c/a\u003e) and a more vigorous use of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-k-\u003c/span\u003e to distinguish that sound. By 15c. even native English words with \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-s-\u003c/span\u003e were being respelled with \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-c-\u003c/span\u003e for \"s\" (\u003ca href=\"/word/ice\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of ice \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eice\u003c/a\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003emice\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003elice\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore c. 1800, English words now spelled in -c often ended in -ck and this is kept in \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epicnicked, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003etrafficking, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003epanicky\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eshellacked\u003c/span\u003e, etc. to preserve the \"k\" sound of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-c-\u003c/span\u003e before a suffix beginning in \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-i-\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-y-\u003c/span\u003e, or \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-e-\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n The final k, after c, in words derived from the learned languages, though carefully retained by Johnson and other writers, has been omitted, in conformity to modern custom and the originals. For it seems to me to be rather incongruous to write \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003emusick\u003c/span\u003e from \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003emusica\u003c/span\u003e, especially as the \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ek\u003c/span\u003e has been exploded by general consent from the derivatives \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003emusician\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003emusical\u003c/span\u003e. [John Ash, advertisement to \"New and Complete Dictionary of the English Language,\" 1775]\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn some English words from Italian, the \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-c-\u003c/span\u003e has a \"ch\" sound (via a sound evolution somewhat like the Old French one). In German, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-c-\u003c/span\u003e in loanwords was regularized to \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-k-\u003c/span\u003e or \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-z-\u003c/span\u003e (depending on pronunciation) in the international spelling reform of 1901, which was based on the Duden guide of 1880.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a symbol in the Roman numeral system, \"one hundred;\" the symbol originally was a Greek theta, but was later reduced in form and understood to stand for \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ecentum\u003c/span\u003e. In music, it is the name of the keynote of the natural scale, though the exact pitch varied in time and place 18c. and 19c. from 240 vibrations per second to 275; it wasn't entirely regularized (at 261.63) until the adoption of the A440 standard in the 1930s. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eC-spring\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e as a type of carriage spring is from 1794, so called for its shape.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e:[[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$29\"}}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-12 justify-center\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"w-full lg:w-[728px] items-start\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2a\",null,{\"slot\":\"pc_wd_top\",\"className\":\"h-[90px] w-[728px]\",\"isMobile\":false,\"wrapperConfigs\":{\"base\":{\"type\":\"main\",\"closeType\":\"none\",\"labelType\":\"none\"},\"lg\":{\"type\":\"normal\",\"closeType\":\"remove\",\"labelType\":\"none\"}}}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-4 space-y-12 mobile:space-y-8 w-full\",\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-2\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"font-sans text-2xl\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"Origin and history of \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"word0\",{\"children\":[\" \",\"circle\",\" \"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider\",\"role\":\"separator\",\"data-orientation\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"bg-white mobile:bg-transparent dark:bg-secondary dark:mobile:bg-transparent rounded-lg lg:shadow-sm pl-6 pr-6 pt-2 pb-6 mobile:p-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"vocabularies\":[{\"doc_id\":\"e3fc72518f213ad1f39ed9306da322b0_ev\",\"domain_id\":13717,\"word\":\"circle\",\"toxicity\":2,\"type\":0,\"thumbnail\":false,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"$2c\",\"etymology_plain\":\"c. 1300, \\\"figure of a circle, a plane figure whose periphery is everywhere equidistant from its center point,\\\" from Old French cercle \\\"circle, ring (for the finger); hoop of a helmet or barrel\\\" (12c.), from Latin circulus \\\"circular figure; small ring, hoop; circular orbit\\\" (also source of Italian cerchio), diminutive of circus \\\"ring\\\" (see circus). Replaced Old English trendel and hring. Late Old English used circul, from Latin, but only in an astronomical sense. Also used of things felt to be analogous to a circle: The meaning \\\"group of persons surrounding a center of interest\\\" is from 1714 (it also was a secondary sense of Latin circulus); that of \\\"coterie\\\" is from 1640s (a sense also found in Latin circulus). To come full circle is in Shakespeare. Sense in logic, \\\"inconclusive argument in which unproved statements are used to prove each other\\\" is from 1640s. Meaning \\\"dark mark around or beneath the eyes\\\" is from 1848.\",\"first_recorded\":\"c. 1300\",\"content_length\":933,\"modify_time\":1512912305000},{\"doc_id\":\"e71fc4c35a684450f5eff49d2046f880_ev\",\"domain_id\":45471,\"word\":\"circle\",\"toxicity\":2,\"type\":0,\"thumbnail\":false,\"property\":\"(v.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003elate 14c., \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003ecerclen\u003c/span\u003e, \\\"to shape like a globe,\\\" also \\\"to encompass or surround with a circle,\\\" from \u003ca href=\\\"/word/circle#etymonline_v_13717\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of circle \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003ecircle\u003c/a\u003e (n.). From c. 1400 as \\\"to set in a circular pattern;\\\" mid-15c. as \\\"to move round in a circle.\\\" Related: \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eCircled\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003ecircling\u003c/span\u003e. To \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003ecircle the wagons\u003c/span\u003e, figuratively, \\\"assume an alert defensive stance\\\" is from 1969, from old Western movies.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"etymology_plain\":\"late 14c., cerclen, \\\"to shape like a globe,\\\" also \\\"to encompass or surround with a circle,\\\" from circle (n.). From c. 1400 as \\\"to set in a circular pattern;\\\" mid-15c. as \\\"to move round in a circle.\\\" Related: Circled; circling. To circle the wagons, figuratively, \\\"assume an alert defensive stance\\\" is from 1969, from old Western movies.\",\"first_recorded\":\"late 14c.\",\"content_length\":336,\"modify_time\":1512912338000}],\"showLabel\":false,\"isMobile\":false,\"insertAds\":true,\"showTranslate\":true}]}]]}],false,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-1\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h2\",null,{\"className\":\"font-sans text-xl\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"Entries linking to \",[\"$\",\"em\",\"word0\",{\"children\":[\" \",\"circle\",\" \"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mb-4\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider 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