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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Scientific expedition around the world</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scientific_expedition_around_the_world-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scientific expedition around the world subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scientific_expedition_around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Objectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Objectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Crew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile_and_Hawaii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile_and_Hawaii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Chile and Hawaii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile_and_Hawaii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alaska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alaska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Alaska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alaska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>California</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan_and_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan_and_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Japan and Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan_and_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Pacific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Pacific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>South Pacific</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Pacific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epilogue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epilogue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Epilogue</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Epilogue-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Epilogue subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Epilogue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rescue_mission_of_d'Entrecasteaux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rescue_mission_of_d'Entrecasteaux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rescue mission of d'Entrecasteaux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rescue_mission_of_d'Entrecasteaux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovery_of_the_expedition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery_of_the_expedition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Discovery of the expedition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery_of_the_expedition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1826_expedition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1826_expedition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>1826 expedition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1826_expedition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005_expedition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005_expedition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>2005 expedition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005_expedition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_expedition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_expedition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>2008 expedition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_expedition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museum_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Museum collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_named_after_Lapérouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_named_after_Lapérouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Places named after Lapérouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_named_after_Lapérouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ships_named_after_Lapérouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships_named_after_Lapérouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ships named after Lapérouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships_named_after_Lapérouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lapérouse_in_literature_and_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lapérouse_in_literature_and_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Lapérouse in literature and film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lapérouse_in_literature_and_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="جان فرانسوا دو لابيروز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جان فرانسوا دو لابيروز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Fransua_de_Laperuz" title="Jan Fransua de Laperuz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jan Fransua de Laperuz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Жан-Франсуа дэ Лаперуз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жан-Франсуа дэ Лаперуз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Жан-Франсуа дэ Ляпэруз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жан-Франсуа дэ Ляпэруз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Жан-Франсоа Лаперуз – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жан-Франсоа Лаперуз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CE%BD-%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%80,_%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B6" title="Ζαν-Φρανσουά ντε Γκαλώπ, κόμης του Λαπερούζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζαν-Φρανσουά ντε Γκαλώπ, κόμης του Λαπερούζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ژان-فرانسوا دی گالوپ، کونت دو لاپیروس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان-فرانسوا دی گالوپ، کونت دو لاپیروس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%88%98%EC%95%84_%EB%93%9C_%EA%B0%88%EB%A1%AD_%EB%93%9C_%EB%9D%BC%ED%8E%98%EB%A3%A8%EC%A6%88_%EB%B0%B1%EC%9E%91" title="장프랑수아 드 갈롭 드 라페루즈 백작 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장프랑수아 드 갈롭 드 라페루즈 백작" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1_%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6" title="Ժան Ֆրանսուա Լապերուզ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժան Ֆրանսուա Լապերուզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_komto_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de Galaup, komto La Pérouse – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jean-François de Galaup, komto La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96" title="ז'אן-פרנסואה לה פרוז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אן-פרנסואה לה פרוז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ჟან-ფრანსუა ლაპერუზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟან-ფრანსუა ლაპერუზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Жан-Франсуа де Лаперуз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жан-Франсуа де Лаперуз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup_de_la_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de Galaup de la Pérouse – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Jean-François de Galaup de la Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80e%D0%B7_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Лаперeз Жан Франсуа де Гало – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лаперeз Жан Франсуа де Гало" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDans_Fransu%C4%81_de_Laper%C5%ABzs" title="Žans Fransuā de Laperūzs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žans Fransuā de Laperūzs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2" title="جان فرانسوا دو لابيروز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جان فرانسوا دو لابيروز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E4%BC%AF%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ラ・ペルーズ伯ジャン＝フランソワ・ド・ガロー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラ・ペルーズ伯ジャン＝フランソワ・ド・ガロー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Franc%C3%A9s_de_La_Peirosa" title="Joan Francés de La Peirosa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joan Francés de La Peirosa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Лаперуз, Жан-Франсуа де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лаперуз, Жан-Франсуа де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de La Pérouse – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jean-François de La Pérouse" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Жан-Франсуа Лаперуз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жан-Франсуа Лаперуз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%BD%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%85%B9%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E8%AE%A9-%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B" title="拉彼鲁兹伯爵让-弗朗索瓦·德·加洛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉彼鲁兹伯爵让-弗朗索瓦·德·加洛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%BD%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%85%B9%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E8%AE%A9-%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B" title="拉彼鲁兹伯爵让-弗朗索瓦·德·加洛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉彼鲁兹伯爵让-弗朗索瓦·德·加洛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q294478#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French Navy officer and explorer (1741–1788)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lapérouse" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lap%C3%A9rouse_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lapérouse (disambiguation)">Lapérouse (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Philippe-Isidore_Picot_de_Lapeyrouse" title="Philippe-Isidore Picot de Lapeyrouse">Philippe-Isidore Picot de Lapeyrouse</a>, Baron de Lapeyrouse, after whom the genus <a href="/wiki/Lapeirousia" title="Lapeirousia">Lapeirousia</a> was named.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_jeune.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_jeune.jpg/220px-Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_jeune.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_jeune.jpg/330px-Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_jeune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_jeune.jpg/440px-Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_jeune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="781" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Lapérouse, with the Order of Saint Louis, by <a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Brossard_de_Beaulieu" title="Geneviève Brossard de Beaulieu">Geneviève Brossard de Beaulieu</a> (1778)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">23 August 1741<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1741-08-23</span>)</span><br />in <a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1788 (aged 46–47)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Vanikoro" title="Vanikoro">Vanikoro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> (presumed)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1756–1788</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">Commodore</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chef_d%27escadre" title="Chef d'escadre">Chef d'escadre</a></i><br />contemporary equivalency<br /><a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> or <a href="/wiki/Counter_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter Admiral">Counter Admiral</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i>Amazone</i></li> <li><i>Astrée</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Boussole_(1782)" title="French ship Boussole (1782)"><i>Boussole</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisbourg_Expedition_(1757)" title="Louisbourg Expedition (1757)">Louisbourg Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quiberon_Bay" title="Battle of Quiberon Bay">Battle of Quiberon Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Signal_Hill" title="Battle of Signal Hill">Battle of Signal Hill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_21_July_1781" title="Action of 21 July 1781">Action of 21 July 1781</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Kitts" title="Battle of Saint Kitts">Battle of Saint Kitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">Battle of the Saintes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay_expedition" title="Hudson Bay expedition">Hudson Bay expedition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chevalier_de_Saint-Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevalier de Saint-Louis">Chevalier de Saint-Louis</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">Commodore</a> <b>Jean François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse</b> (23 August 1741 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1788</span>) was a <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> officer and explorer. Having enlisted in the French navy at the age of 15, he had a successful career and in 1785 was appointed to lead a scientific expedition around the world. His ships stopped in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> before wrecking on the reefs of <a href="/wiki/Vanikoro" title="Vanikoro">Vanikoro</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_naval_de_Louisbourg_1781.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Combat_naval_de_Louisbourg_1781.jpg/220px-Combat_naval_de_Louisbourg_1781.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Combat_naval_de_Louisbourg_1781.jpg/330px-Combat_naval_de_Louisbourg_1781.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Combat_naval_de_Louisbourg_1781.jpg/440px-Combat_naval_de_Louisbourg_1781.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Lapérouse commanded the frigate <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Astr%C3%A9e_(1780)" title="French frigate Astrée (1780)"><i>Astrée</i></a> in the <a href="/wiki/Action_of_21_July_1781" title="Action of 21 July 1781">action of 21 July 1781</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jean-François de Galaup was born on 23 August 1741 near <a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a>, France.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunmore1994xxxviii_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunmore1994xxxviii-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family had been ennobled in 1558.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lapérouse studied in a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> college and joined the Navy as a <a href="/wiki/Garde-Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Garde-Marine">Garde-Marine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> on 19 November 1756. In 1757 he was appointed to the French ship <i>Célèbre</i> and participated in a <a href="/wiki/Louisbourg_Expedition_(1757)" title="Louisbourg Expedition (1757)">supply expedition</a> to the fort of <a href="/wiki/Louisbourg" title="Louisbourg">Louisbourg</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>. Lapérouse also took part in a second supply expedition in 1758 to Louisbourg, but as it was in the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> the <a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">fort</a> was under <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Louisbourg_(1758)" title="Siege of Louisbourg (1758)">siege</a> and the expedition was forced to make a circuitous route around <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a> to avoid British patrols. </p><p>In 1759 Lapérouse was wounded in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quiberon_Bay" title="Battle of Quiberon Bay">Battle of Quiberon Bay</a>, where he was serving aboard <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Formidable_(1751)" title="French ship Formidable (1751)"><i>Formidable</i></a>. He was captured by the British and briefly imprisoned before being paroled back to France; he was formally exchanged in December 1760.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He participated in a 1762 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Signal_Hill" title="Battle of Signal Hill">attempt</a> by the French to gain control of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a>, escaping with the fleet when the British arrived in force to drive them out. </p><p>At the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_War_(1778%E2%80%931783)" title="Anglo-French War (1778–1783)">Anglo-French War</a> in 1778, Lapérouse was given command of the 32-gun frigate <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Amazone_(1778)" title="French frigate Amazone (1778)"><i>Amazone</i></a>. On 7 October 1779, he captured the 20-gun <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ariel_(1777)" title="HMS Ariel (1777)">HMS <i>Ariel</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoche200537_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoche200537-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lapérouse was promoted to Captain on 4 April 1780, and was part of the <a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_Particuli%C3%A8re" title="Expédition Particulière">Expédition Particulière</a> under Admiral <a href="/wiki/Charles-Henri-Louis_d%27Arsac_de_Ternay" title="Charles-Henri-Louis d'Arsac de Ternay">Ternay</a>, departing Brest on 2 May 1780. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoche200537_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoche200537-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From October to November 1780, <i>Amazone</i> sailed from <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lorient" title="Lorient">Lorient</a>, and from there to the Caribbean. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoche200537_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoche200537-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lapérouse then transferred to <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Astr%C3%A9e_(1780)" title="French frigate Astrée (1780)"><i>Astrée</i></a>. In the summer of 1781, he was offered command of the 50-gun <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Sagittaire_(1761)" title="French ship Sagittaire (1761)"><i>Sagittaire</i></a>, but as his crew was sick with <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a>, he requested permission to keep command of <i>Astrée</i>, and was appointed to lead a frigate division, along with <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Hermione_(1779)" title="French frigate Hermione (1779)"><i>Hermione</i></a>, under <a href="/wiki/Louis-Ren%C3%A9_Levassor_de_Latouche_Tr%C3%A9ville" title="Louis-René Levassor de Latouche Tréville">Latouche-Tréville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonaque200063_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonaque200063-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lapérouse escorted a convoy to the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> in December 1781, participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Kitts" title="Battle of Saint Kitts">attack on St. Kitts</a> in February 1782 and then fought in the defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">Battle of the Saintes</a> against the squadron of <a href="/wiki/George_Brydges_Rodney" class="mw-redirect" title="George Brydges Rodney">Admiral Rodney</a>. In August 1782, he made his name by <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson Bay Expedition">capturing two British trading posts</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Fort" title="Prince of Wales Fort">Prince of Wales Fort</a> and York Fort) on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a>, but allowed the survivors, including Governor <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hearne" title="Samuel Hearne">Samuel Hearne</a> of Prince of Wales Fort, to sail off to England in exchange for a promise to release French prisoners held in England. The next year, his family finally consented to his marriage to Louise-Eléonore Broudou, a young <a href="/wiki/Creole_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Creole (people)">creole</a> of modest origins whom he had met on <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Île de France</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eight years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-dunmore_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dunmore-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_expedition_around_the_world">Scientific expedition around the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Scientific expedition around the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Objectives">Objectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XVI_et_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Louis_XVI_et_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg/220px-Louis_XVI_et_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Louis_XVI_et_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg/330px-Louis_XVI_et_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Louis_XVI_et_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg/440px-Louis_XVI_et_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3172" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>, seated at right, giving Lapérouse his instructions on 29 June 1785, by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Andr%C3%A9_Monsiau" title="Nicolas-André Monsiau">Nicolas-André Monsiau</a> (1817). (<a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Versailles">Château de Versailles</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Lapérouse was appointed in 1785 by <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_the_Navy_(France)" title="Secretary of State of the Navy (France)">Secretary of State of the Navy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eug%C3%A8ne_Gabriel_de_La_Croix_de_Castries" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Eugène Gabriel de La Croix de Castries">Marquis de Castries</a>, to lead an expedition around the world. <a href="/wiki/European_and_American_voyages_of_scientific_exploration" title="European and American voyages of scientific exploration">Many countries were initiating voyages of scientific explorations</a> at that time. </p><p>Louis XVI and his court had been stimulated by a proposal from the Dutch-born merchant adventurer <a href="/wiki/William_Bolts" title="William Bolts">William Bolts</a>, who had earlier tried unsuccessfully to interest Louis's brother-in-law, the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II</a> (brother of Queen <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>), in a similar voyage. The French court adopted the concept (though not its author, Bolts), leading to the dispatch of the Lapérouse expedition. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pierre_Claret_de_Fleurieu" title="Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu">Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu</a>, Director of Ports and Arsenals, stated in the draft memorandum on the expedition that he submitted to the Louis XVI: "the utility which may result from a voyage of discovery ... has made me receptive to the views put to me by Mr. Bolts relative to this enterprise". But Fleurieu explained to the King: "I am not proposing at all, however, the plan for this voyage as it was conceived by Mr. Bolts".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expedition's aims were to complete the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a> discoveries of <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> (whom Lapérouse greatly admired), correct and complete maps of the area, establish trade contacts, open new maritime routes and enrich French science and scientific collections. His ships were <i><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Astrolabe_(1781)" title="French ship Astrolabe (1781)">L'Astrolabe</a></i> (under <a href="/wiki/Fleuriot_de_Langle" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleuriot de Langle">Fleuriot de Langle</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Boussole_(1782)" title="French ship Boussole (1782)">La Boussole</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both 500 tons. They were storeships reclassified as <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a> for the occasion. Their objectives were geographic, scientific, ethnological, economic (looking for opportunities for whaling or fur trading), and political (the eventual establishment of French bases or colonial cooperation with their Spanish allies in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>). They were to explore both the north and south Pacific, including the coasts of the Far East and of Australia, and send back reports through existing European outposts in the Pacific. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparations">Preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_P%C3%A9rouse_la_Boussole_l%27Astrolabe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/La_P%C3%A9rouse_la_Boussole_l%27Astrolabe.svg/220px-La_P%C3%A9rouse_la_Boussole_l%27Astrolabe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/La_P%C3%A9rouse_la_Boussole_l%27Astrolabe.svg/330px-La_P%C3%A9rouse_la_Boussole_l%27Astrolabe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/La_P%C3%A9rouse_la_Boussole_l%27Astrolabe.svg/440px-La_P%C3%A9rouse_la_Boussole_l%27Astrolabe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3040" data-file-height="1396" /></a><figcaption>The Lapérouse voyage</figcaption></figure> <p>As early as March 1785, Lapérouse proposed that <a href="/wiki/Paul_M%C3%A9rault_Monneron" title="Paul Mérault Monneron">Paul Mérault Monneron</a>, who had been chosen as the expedition's chief engineer, go to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> to find out about the anti-<a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a> measures recommended by Cook and the exchange items used by Cook in his dealings with native peoples, and to buy scientific instruments of English manufacture.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The best-known figure from Cook's missions, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> intervened at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> to obtain for Monneron two inclining compasses that had belonged to Cook. Furnished with a list produced by Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu, Monneron also bought scientific instruments from some of the largest English firms, particularly <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ramsden" title="Jesse Ramsden">Ramsden</a>. He even surpassed Fleurieu's directives by acquiring two <a href="/wiki/Sextant" title="Sextant">sextants</a> of a new type. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Montgolfier_brothers" title="Montgolfier brothers">Montgolfier brothers</a> gave to Laperouse two prototypes of the newly invented hot air balloons to carry on board the <i>Astrolabe</i>. There is no evidence that they were used during the voyage.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crew">Crew</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lapérouse was well liked by his men. Among his crew there were ten scientists: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lepaute_Dagelet" title="Joseph Lepaute Dagelet">Joseph Lepaute Dagelet</a> (1751–1788), an astronomer and mathematician;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Lamanon" title="Robert de Lamanon">Robert de Lamanon</a>, a geologist; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hugues_Boissieu_La_Martini%C3%A8re" title="Joseph Hugues Boissieu La Martinière">La Martinière</a>, a botanist; a physicist; three naturalists; and three illustrators, <a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Duch%C3%A9_de_Vancy" title="Gaspard Duché de Vancy">Gaspard Duché de Vancy</a> and an uncle and nephew named Prévost.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another of the scientists was <a href="/wiki/Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Mongez" title="Jean-André Mongez">Jean-André Mongez</a>. Even both chaplains were scientifically schooled. </p><p>One of the young men who applied for the voyage was a 16-year-old Corsican named <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoléon Bonaparte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bonaparte, a second lieutenant from <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>' military academy at the time, made the preliminary list but he was ultimately not chosen for the voyage list and remained behind in France. At the time, Bonaparte was interested in serving in the navy rather than army because of his proficiency in mathematics and artillery, both valued skills on warships. </p><p>Copying the work methods of Cook's scientists, the scientists on this voyage would base their calculations of longitude on precision <a href="/wiki/Marine_chronometers" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine chronometers">chronometers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_distance_(navigation)" title="Lunar distance (navigation)">distance between the Moon and the Sun</a> followed by <a href="/wiki/Theodolite" title="Theodolite">theodolite</a> <a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(surveying)" title="Triangulation (surveying)">triangulations</a> or bearings taken from the ship,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the same as those taken by Cook to produce his maps of the Pacific islands. As regards geography, Lapérouse decisively showed the rigour and safety of the methods proven by Cook. From his voyage, the resolution of the problem of longitude was evident and mapping attained a scientific precision. Impeded (as Cook had been) by the continual mists enveloping the northwestern coast of America, he did not succeed any better in producing complete maps, though he managed to fill in some of the gaps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile_and_Hawaii">Chile and Hawaii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chile and Hawaii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monuments_et_insulaires_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_P%C3%A2ques_1786.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Monuments_et_insulaires_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_P%C3%A2ques_1786.jpg/220px-Monuments_et_insulaires_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_P%C3%A2ques_1786.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Monuments_et_insulaires_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_P%C3%A2ques_1786.jpg/330px-Monuments_et_insulaires_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_P%C3%A2ques_1786.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Monuments_et_insulaires_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_P%C3%A2ques_1786.jpg/440px-Monuments_et_insulaires_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_P%C3%A2ques_1786.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1783" data-file-height="1196" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> in 1786</figcaption></figure> <p>Lapérouse and his 220 men left <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> on 1 August 1785,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rounded <a href="/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a>, and investigated the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonial government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Captaincy General of Chile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He arrived on 9 April 1786 at <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then sailed to the Sandwich Islands, the present-day <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he became the first European to set foot on the island of <a href="/wiki/Maui" title="Maui">Maui</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska">Alaska</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alaska"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lapérouse sailed on to <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, where he landed near <a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Elias" title="Mount Saint Elias">Mount Saint Elias</a> in late June 1786<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and explored the environs. On 13 July 1786 a barge and two longboats, carrying 21 men, were lost in the heavy currents of the bay called <i>Port des Français</i> by Lapérouse, but now known as <a href="/wiki/Lituya_Bay" title="Lituya Bay">Lituya Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The men visited the <a href="/wiki/Tlingit" title="Tlingit">Tlingit people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This encounter was dramatized briefly in episode 13 of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Cosmos:_A_Personal_Voyage" title="Cosmos: A Personal Voyage">Cosmos: A Personal Voyage</a></i>. Next, he headed south, exploring the northwest coast, including the outer islands of present-day <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="California">California</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naufrage_des_chaloupes_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_en_1786.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Naufrage_des_chaloupes_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_en_1786.jpg/220px-Naufrage_des_chaloupes_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_en_1786.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Naufrage_des_chaloupes_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_en_1786.jpg/330px-Naufrage_des_chaloupes_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_en_1786.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Naufrage_des_chaloupes_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_en_1786.jpg/440px-Naufrage_des_chaloupes_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse_en_1786.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1354" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Lapérouse in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, July 1786</figcaption></figure> <p>Lapérouse sailed between 10 and 30 August all the way south to the Spanish <a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">Las Californias</a> Province, present-day <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. He reportedly observed the only historical eruption of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Shasta" title="Mount Shasta">Mount Shasta</a> on 7 September 1786, although this account is now discredited.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stopped at the <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Francisco" title="Presidio of San Francisco">Presidio of San Francisco</a> long enough to create an outline map of the Bay Area, <i>Plan du port de St. François, situé sur la côte de la Californie septentrionale</i> ("Map of the port of San Francisco, situated on the coast of Northern California"), which was reproduced as Map 33 in L. Aubert's 1797 <i>Atlas du voyage de La Pérouse</i>. He arrived in <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay" title="Monterey Bay">Monterey Bay</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_Monterey,_California" title="Presidio of Monterey, California">Presidio of Monterey</a> on 14 September 1786.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He examined the Spanish settlements, <a href="/wiki/Ranchos_of_California" title="Ranchos of California">ranchos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">missions</a>. He reported, "The country of the <a href="/wiki/Esselen" title="Esselen">Ecclemachs</a> extends above 20 <a href="/wiki/League_(unit)" title="League (unit)">leagues</a> to the [south-]eastward of Monterey."<sup id="cite_ref-dcq_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcq-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made critical notes on the <a href="/wiki/California_mission_clash_of_cultures" title="California mission clash of cultures">missionary treatment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">California indigenous peoples</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reductions">Indian Reductions</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> run missions. Lapérouse likened conditions at a mission to a slave plantation.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France and Spain were on friendly terms at this time. Lapérouse was the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_west_coast_of_North_America" title="History of the west coast of North America">first non-Spanish visitor</a> to California since <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Drake</a> in 1579<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Unsubstantiated and unlikely. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and the first to come to California after the founding of Spanish missions and <a href="/wiki/Presidio" title="Presidio"><i>presidios</i></a> (military forts). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lapérouse again crossed the Pacific Ocean in 100 days, arriving at <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, where he sold the furs acquired in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, dividing the profits among his men.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year, on 9 April 1787,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a visit to <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, he set out for the northeast Asian coasts. He saw the island of Quelpart, in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Jeju_Island" title="Jeju Island">Cheju</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>), which had been visited by Europeans only once before when a group of Dutchmen shipwrecked there in 1635. He visited the Asian mainland coasts of <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan_and_Russia">Japan and Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Japan and Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lapérouse then sailed northward to <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast Asia</a> and <i>Oku-Yeso</i> Island, present day <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin Island</a>, Russia. The <a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu people</a>, <i>Oku-Yeso</i> Island residents, drew him a map showing: their second domain of <a href="/wiki/Yezo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yezo">Yezo Island</a>, present day <a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a> Island, Japan; and the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Tartary" title="Tartary">Tartary</a>, Russia on mainland Asia. Lapérouse wanted to sail north through the narrow <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Tartary" title="Strait of Tartary">Strait of Tartary</a> between <i>Oku-Yeso</i> Island and mainland Asia, but failed. Instead, he turned south, and then sailed east through <a href="/wiki/La_P%C3%A9rouse_Strait" title="La Pérouse Strait">La Pérouse Strait</a>, between <i>Oku-Yeso</i> Island (Sakhalin) and <i>Yezo</i> (Hokkaidō), where he met more Ainu in their third domain of the <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands" title="Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a>, and explored. </p><p>Lapérouse then sailed north and reached <a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky">Petropavlovsk</a> on the Russian <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamchatka peninsula">Kamchatka peninsula</a> on 7 September 1787.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here they rested from their trip, and enjoyed the hospitality of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian people">Russians</a> and Kamchatkans. In letters received from Paris, Lapérouse was ordered to investigate the settlement the British were establishing in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia. <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_de_Lesseps" title="Barthélemy de Lesseps">Barthélemy de Lesseps</a>, son of the French vice consul at <a href="/wiki/Kronstadt,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronstadt, Russia">Kronstadt, Russia</a>, who had joined the expedition as an interpreter, disembarked in Petropavlovsk to bring the expedition's ships' logs, charts, and letters to France, which he reached after a year-long, epic journey across <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Pacific">South Pacific</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: South Pacific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lapérouse next stopped in the Navigator Islands (<a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>), on 6 December 1787.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just before he left, the Samoans attacked a group of his men at <a href="/wiki/Massacre_Bay_(American_Samoa)" title="Massacre Bay (American Samoa)">Massacre Bay</a>, killing twelve, among whom were Lamanon and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Antoine_Fleuriot_de_Langle" title="Paul Antoine Fleuriot de Langle">de Langle</a>, commander of <i>L'Astrolabe</i>. Twenty men were wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expedition drifted to <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, for resupply and help, and later recognized the <a href="/wiki/%27Ata" class="mw-redirect" title="'Ata"><i>île Plistard</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Last_letter_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Last_letter_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg/220px-Last_letter_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Last_letter_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg/330px-Last_letter_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Last_letter_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg/440px-Last_letter_La_P%C3%A9rouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1636" /></a><figcaption>The final letter by Lapérouse received in France. The document was carried to Europe from New South Wales in 1788 by the British ship <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(1783_ship)" title="Alexander (1783 ship)">Alexander</a></i>, which had been part of the <a href="/wiki/First_Fleet" title="First Fleet">First Fleet</a> carrying convicts to Australia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The expedition continued to Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arriving off <a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay" title="Botany Bay">Botany Bay</a> on 24 January 1788.<sup id="cite_ref-hill_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hill-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There Lapérouse encountered a British convoy (known later as the "<a href="/wiki/First_Fleet" title="First Fleet">First Fleet</a>") led by Captain <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Phillip" title="Arthur Phillip">Arthur Phillip</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>, who was to establish the <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>. While it had been intended that the colony would be located at Botany Bay, Phillip had quickly decided that the site was unsuitable and the colony would instead be established at <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Cove" title="Sydney Cove">Sydney Cove</a> in <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Port Jackson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High winds—which had hindered Lapérouse's ships in entering Botany Bay—delayed the relocation until 26 January (later commemorated as <a href="/wiki/Australia_Day" title="Australia Day">Australia Day</a>). </p><p>The French were received courteously and spent six weeks at the British colony (this would be their last recorded landfall). While Lapérouse and Phillip did not meet, French and British officers visited each other formally on at least 11 occasions,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and offered each other assistance and supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-hill_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hill-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The senior French officer to visit Sydney Cove and wait upon Governor Phillip was <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sutton_de_Clonard" title="Robert Sutton de Clonard">Robert Sutton de Clonard</a>, Captain of the <i>Astrolabe</i>, who took despatches to him for forwarding to the French ambassador in London by the returning <i>Alexander</i> transport. Clonard was an Irishman (from <a href="/wiki/Wexford" title="Wexford">Wexford</a>) in the French service, "esteemed for his bravery, and beloved for his humanity". After de Langle had been killed during the expedition's visit to <a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a>, he had succeeded him as commander of the <i>Astrolabe</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During their stay, the French established an observatory and a garden, held masses, and made geological observations.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lapérouse also took the opportunity to send journals, charts and letters back to Europe, with the British merchant ship <a href="/wiki/Alexander_(1783_ship)" title="Alexander (1783 ship)"><i>Alexander</i></a>, which had come to Sydney as part of the First Fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chaplain from <i>L'Astrolabe</i>, Father <a href="/wiki/Louis_Receveur" title="Louis Receveur">Louis Receveur</a>, never recovered from injuries he had sustained in a clash with indigenous people in the Samoan Islands and died at Botany Bay on 17 February; Receveur was buried on shore at <a href="/wiki/La_Perouse,_New_South_Wales" title="La Perouse, New South Wales">Frenchman's Cove</a>. </p><p>On 10 March,<sup id="cite_ref-hill_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hill-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after taking on sufficient wood and fresh water, the French expedition left New South Wales—bound for <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Islands" title="Santa Cruz Islands">Santa Cruz</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomons</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Louisiade_Archipelago" title="Louisiade Archipelago">Louisiades</a>, and the western and southern coasts of Australia. While Lapérouse had reported in a letter from Port Jackson that he expected to be back in France by June 1789, neither he nor any members of his expedition were seen again by Europeans. Louis XVI is recorded as having asked, on the morning of his <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Louis_XVI" title="Execution of Louis XVI">execution</a> in January 1793, "Any news of La Pérouse?"<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Documents that had been relayed to France from Lapérouse's expedition were published in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1797, under the title <i>Voyage de La Pérouse autour du monde</i> ("The voyage of La Pérouse around the world").<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1825, another French naval officer, Captain <a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe_de_Bougainville" title="Hyacinthe de Bougainville">Hyacinthe de Bougainville</a>, founded the Lapérouse Monument at Frenchman's Bay, near Receveur's grave. The bay later became part of the suburb of <a href="/wiki/La_Perouse,_New_South_Wales" title="La Perouse, New South Wales">La Perouse</a>. The anniversary of Receveur's death, Lapérouse Day (on varying dates in February/March) and <a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a> (14 July) have long been marked at the monument (along with Bougainville). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epilogue">Epilogue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Epilogue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rescue_mission_of_d'Entrecasteaux"><span id="Rescue_mission_of_d.27Entrecasteaux"></span>Rescue mission of d'Entrecasteaux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rescue mission of d'Entrecasteaux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 September 1791, Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Bruni_d%27Entrecasteaux" title="Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux">Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux</a> departed Brest in search of Lapérouse. His expedition followed Lapérouse's proposed path through the islands northwest of Australia while at the same time making scientific and geographic discoveries. The expedition consisted of two ships, <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Recherche_(1787)" title="French ship Recherche (1787)"><i>Recherche</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Esp%C3%A9rance_(1781)" title="French ship Espérance (1781)"><i>Espérance</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1793, Entrecasteaux sighted <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Islands" title="Santa Cruz Islands">Santa Cruz</a>, now part of the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, and another, uncharted, island to the southeast; this island was <a href="/wiki/Vanikoro" title="Vanikoro">Vanikoro</a>. The French did not approach Vanikoro, only recording it on their charts before sailing away to explore the Solomon Islands further. Two months later, Entrecasteaux died of <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The botanist <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Labillardi%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Labillardière">Jacques Labillardière</a>, attached to the expedition, eventually returned to France and published his account, <i><a href="/wiki/Relation_du_Voyage_%C3%A0_la_Recherche_de_la_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse">Relation du voyage à la recherche de La Pérouse</a></i>, in 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-NLA_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLA-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Franco-British_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-British relations">Franco-British relations</a> deteriorated during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, and unfounded rumours spread in France blaming the British for the tragedy which had occurred in the vicinity of the new colony. Before the mystery was solved, the French government had published the records of the voyage as far as Kamchatka: <i>Voyage de La Pérouse autour du monde</i>, 1–4 (Paris, 1797). These volumes are still used for cartographic and scientific information about the Pacific. Three English translations were published in 1798–99.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery_of_the_expedition">Discovery of the expedition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Discovery of the expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lap%C3%A9rouse-IMG_8776-white.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lap%C3%A9rouse-IMG_8776-white.jpg/220px-Lap%C3%A9rouse-IMG_8776-white.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lap%C3%A9rouse-IMG_8776-white.jpg/330px-Lap%C3%A9rouse-IMG_8776-white.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lap%C3%A9rouse-IMG_8776-white.jpg/440px-Lap%C3%A9rouse-IMG_8776-white.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Posthumous bust of Lapérouse in 1828, by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rude" title="François Rude">François Rude</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1825 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> Captain <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Manby" title="Thomas Manby">Thomas Manby</a> brought a report, supported by presumptive evidence, that the spot where Lapérouse and his crew had perished was now ascertained. An English whaler discovered a long and low island, surrounded by innumerable <a href="/wiki/Breaking_wave" title="Breaking wave">breakers</a>, situated between <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, at nearly an equal distance from each island. The inhabitants came on board the whaler, and one of the chiefs had a cross of St. Louis hanging as an ornament from one of his ears. Other natives had swords, on which the word '<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>' was engraved, and some were observed to have medals of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>. One of the chiefs, aged about fifty, said that when he was young, a large ship was wrecked on a coral reef during a violent <a href="/wiki/Gale" title="Gale">gale</a>. During his voyage, Manby had seen several medals of the same kind, which Lapérouse had distributed among the natives of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>; and Lapérouse, on his departure from <a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay" title="Botany Bay">Botany Bay</a>, intimated that he intended to steer from the northern part of <a href="/wiki/New_Holland_(Australia)" title="New Holland (Australia)">New Holland (Australia)</a>, and explore that archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1826_expedition">1826 expedition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1826 expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was not until 1826 that an Irish sea captain, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dillon" title="Peter Dillon">Peter Dillon</a>, found enough evidence to piece together the events of the tragedy. In <a href="/wiki/Tikopia" title="Tikopia">Tikopia</a> (one of the islands of Santa Cruz), he bought some swords that he had reason to believe had belonged to Lapérouse or his officers. He made enquiries and found that they came from nearby Vanikoro, where two big ships had broken up years earlier. Dillon managed to obtain a ship in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> and sailed for Vanikoro, where he found cannonballs, anchors and other evidence of the remains of ships in water between coral reefs. A Tikopin by the name of Pu Ratia showed Dillon and his crew the direction to sail to Vanikoro. He was on board as well with a European by the name of Bushat who lived in Tikopia before the third trip of Dillon to Tikopia. </p><p>Dillon brought several of these artifacts back to Europe, as did <a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%27Urville" title="Jules Dumont d'Urville">Dumont d'Urville</a> in 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lesseps, the only member of the original expedition still alive at the time, identified them as all belonging to <i>Astrolabe</i>. From the information Vanikoro inhabitants gave Dillon, a rough reconstruction could be made of the disaster that struck Lapérouse. Dillon's reconstruction was later confirmed by the discovery and subsequent examination, in 1964, of what was believed to be the shipwreck of <i>Boussole</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2005_expedition">2005 expedition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2005 expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2005, the shipwreck examined in 1964 was formally identified as that of <i>Boussole</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2005 expedition had embarked aboard <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Jacques_Cartier_(L9033)" class="mw-redirect" title="French ship Jacques Cartier (L9033)"><i>Jacques Cartier</i></a>, a ship of the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a>. The ship supported a multi-discipline scientific team assembled to investigate the "Mystery of Lapérouse".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mission was named "Opération Vanikoro—Sur les traces des épaves de Lapérouse 2005" (Operation Vanikoro—Tracing the Lapérouse wrecks 2005). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2008_expedition">2008 expedition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2008 expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A further similar mission was mounted in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2008 expedition showed the commitment of France, in conjunction with the New Caledonian <i>Association Salomon</i>, to seek further answers about Lapérouse's mysterious fate. It received the patronage of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the French Republic">President of the French Republic</a> as well as the support and co-operation of the <a href="/wiki/French_Ministry_of_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="French Ministry of Defence">French Ministry of Defence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Higher_Education,_Research_and_Innovation_(France)" title="Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (France)">Ministry of Higher Education and Research</a>, and the Ministry of Culture and Communication. </p><p>Preparation for this, the eighth expedition sent to Vanikoro, took 24 months. It brought together more technological resources than previously and involved two ships, 52 crew members and almost 30 scientists and researchers. On 16 September 2008, two <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> ships set out for Vanikoro from <a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a" title="Nouméa">Nouméa</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>), and arrived on 15 October, thus recreating a section of the final voyage of discovery undertaken more than 200 years earlier by Lapérouse.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fate">Fate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Fate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both ships had been wrecked on Vanikoro's reefs, <i>Boussole</i> first. <i>Astrolabe</i> was unloaded and taken apart. A group of men, probably the survivors of <i>Boussole</i>, were massacred by the local inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the islanders, some surviving sailors built a two-masted craft from the wreckage of <i>Astrolabe</i> and left in a westward direction about nine months later, but what happened to them is unknown. Also, two men, one a "chief" and the other his servant, had remained behind, but had left Vanikoro a few years before Dillon arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sven Wahlroos, in his 1989 book, <i>Mutiny and Romance in the South Seas</i>, suggests that there was a narrowly missed chance to rescue one or more of the survivors in 1791.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1790, Captain <a href="/wiki/Edward_Edwards_(admiral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Edwards (admiral)">Edward Edwards</a>—in command of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Pandora_(1779)" title="HMS Pandora (1779)">HMS <i>Pandora</i></a>—had sailed from England with orders to comb the Pacific for the mutineers of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bounty" title="HMS Bounty">HMS <i>Bounty</i></a>. In March of the following year, <i>Pandora</i> arrived at <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> and picked up 14 <i>Bounty</i> crewmen who had stayed on that island. Although some of the 14 had not joined the mutiny, all were imprisoned and shackled in a cramped "cage" built on the deck, which the men grimly nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Pandora%27s_Box" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandora's Box">Pandora's Box</a>". <i>Pandora</i> then left Tahiti in search of <i>Bounty</i> and the leader of the mutiny, <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Christian" title="Fletcher Christian">Fletcher Christian</a>. </p><p>Captain Edwards' search for the remaining mutineers ultimately proved fruitless. However, when passing Vanikoro on 13 August 1791, he observed smoke signals rising from the island. Edwards, single-minded in his search for <i>Bounty</i> and convinced that mutineers fearful of discovery would not be advertising their whereabouts, ignored the smoke signals and sailed on. </p><p>Wahlroos argues that the smoke signals were almost certainly a distress message sent by survivors of the Lapérouse expedition, which later evidence indicated were still alive on Vanikoro at that time—three years after <i>Boussole</i> and <i>Astrolabe</i> had foundered. Wahlroos is "virtually certain" that Captain Edwards, whom he characterizes as one of England's most "ruthless", "inhuman", "callous", and "incompetent" naval captains, missed his chance to become "one of the heroes of maritime history" by solving the mystery of the lost Lapérouse expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_P%C3%A9rouse_memorial_on_Vanikoro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/La_P%C3%A9rouse_memorial_on_Vanikoro.jpg/170px-La_P%C3%A9rouse_memorial_on_Vanikoro.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/La_P%C3%A9rouse_memorial_on_Vanikoro.jpg/255px-La_P%C3%A9rouse_memorial_on_Vanikoro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/La_P%C3%A9rouse_memorial_on_Vanikoro.jpg/340px-La_P%C3%A9rouse_memorial_on_Vanikoro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to Lapérouse on <a href="/wiki/Vanikoro" title="Vanikoro">Vanikoro</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83.JPG/170px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83.JPG/255px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83.JPG/340px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to Lapérouse in <a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky">Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky</a>, Kamchatka</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_collections">Museum collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Museum collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noumea-Musee-130703MMNC16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Noumea-Musee-130703MMNC16.jpg/260px-Noumea-Musee-130703MMNC16.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Noumea-Musee-130703MMNC16.jpg/390px-Noumea-Musee-130703MMNC16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Noumea-Musee-130703MMNC16.jpg/520px-Noumea-Musee-130703MMNC16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Recovered ceramics on display at the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Museum_of_New_Caledonia" title="Maritime Museum of New Caledonia">Maritime Museum of New Caledonia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a" title="Nouméa">Nouméa</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Objects relating to the life and voyages of Lapérouse are held at The Lapérouse Museum in <a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> in southern France, and the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Museum_of_New_Caledonia" title="Maritime Museum of New Caledonia">Maritime Museum of New Caledonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both museums contain objects recovered from the ships <i><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Astrolabe_(1781)" title="French ship Astrolabe (1781)">Astrolabe</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Boussole_(1782)" title="French ship Boussole (1782)">Boussole</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the Lapérouse Museum in <a href="/wiki/La_Perouse,_New_South_Wales" title="La Perouse, New South Wales">La Perouse</a>, which records his time in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_named_after_Lapérouse"><span id="Places_named_after_Lap.C3.A9rouse"></span>Places named after Lapérouse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Places named after Lapérouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Places later named in honour of Lapérouse include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_La_Perouse" title="Mount La Perouse">Mount La Perouse</a> (3231 m) and La Perouse Glacier, <a href="/wiki/Fairweather_Range" title="Fairweather Range">Fairweather Range</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li>Mount La Pérouse (1127 m) on <a href="/wiki/Haida_Gwaii" title="Haida Gwaii">Haida Gwaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li>La Pérouse Reef off the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Haida_Gwaii" title="Haida Gwaii">Haida Gwaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li>La Perouse Bank, Off the West Coast of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> / West of <a href="/wiki/Ucluelet" title="Ucluelet">Ucluelet</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tofino" title="Tofino">Tofino</a>. This is the site of Environment Canada weather buoy 46206, at location 48.83N 126.00W</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Perouse_Strait" class="mw-redirect" title="La Perouse Strait">La Perouse Strait</a> between <a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_La_Perouse" title="Mount La Perouse">Mount La Perouse</a> (1157 m) and the La Perouse Range, <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Perouse_Pinnacle" title="La Perouse Pinnacle">La Perouse Pinnacle</a> (37 m), in the <a href="/wiki/French_Frigate_Shoals" title="French Frigate Shoals">French Frigate Shoals</a>, Hawaii</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Perouse_(New_Zealand)" title="La Perouse (New Zealand)">La Perouse (New Zealand)</a> (3078 m), in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%27s_Southern_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand's Southern Alps">New Zealand's Southern Alps</a></li> <li>La Perouse Glacier, <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Region" title="West Coast Region">Westland, New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Perouse_Bay" title="La Perouse Bay">La Perouse Bay</a>, site of his landing on <a href="/wiki/Maui" title="Maui">Maui</a></li> <li>La Perouse Bay (<a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Perouse,_New_South_Wales" title="La Perouse, New South Wales">La Perouse</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia, on the northern headland of <a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay" title="Botany Bay">Botany Bay</a></li> <li>La Perouse Street, a main street in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Griffith,_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Griffith, Australian Capital Territory">Griffith</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. There is a statue of La Perouse at the northern end of La Perouse Street at the <a href="/wiki/Red_Hill,_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Red Hill, Australian Capital Territory">Red Hill</a> shopping centre.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_P%C3%A9rouse_(crater)" title="La Pérouse (crater)">La Pérouse (crater)</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rue_La_P%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rue La Pérouse (page does not exist)">Rue La Pérouse</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>, a street in the <a href="/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="16th arrondissement of Paris">16th arrondissement</a> of Paris</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ships_named_after_Lapérouse"><span id="Ships_named_after_Lap.C3.A9rouse"></span>Ships named after Lapérouse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Ships named after Lapérouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Lap%C3%A9rouse" title="French ship Lapérouse">Several ships of the French navy</a> have been named after him.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CMA_CGM_Laperouse" class="mw-redirect" title="CMA CGM Laperouse">CMA CGM Laperouse</a></i>, a 13,800 TEU <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">container ship</a> operated by the French container transportation and shipping company <a href="/wiki/CMA_CGM" title="CMA CGM">CMA CGM</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Lap%C3%A9rouse" title="Le Lapérouse">Le Lapérouse</a></i>, lead ship of the <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_du_Ponant" title="Compagnie du Ponant">Compagnie du Ponant</a>'s <i>Explorer</i> class of cruise ships</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lapérouse_in_literature_and_film"><span id="Lap.C3.A9rouse_in_literature_and_film"></span>Lapérouse in literature and film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lapérouse in literature and film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fate of Lapérouse, his ships and his men are the subjects of a chapter in the 1870 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>. Lapérouse was also mentioned in episode "The Quest" of the series <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Exposure" title="Northern Exposure">Northern Exposure</a></i>, wherein the character Joel (<a href="/wiki/Rob_Morrow" title="Rob Morrow">Rob Morrow</a>) finds an old chart of the French explorer that will lead to a legendary "jewelled city of the North" (<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The novel <i>Landfalls</i> by Naomi J. Williams explores the Lapérouse expedition in depth.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a> mentions him (as "La Perouse") in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden</a></i>. In the first chapter, "Economy", when writing about how indispensable it is to cultivate the habits of a businessman in anything one does, Thoreau describes these habits in a very long list, including </p> <blockquote><p>... taking advantage of the results of all exploring expeditions, using new passages and all improvements in navigation;—charts to be studied, the position of reefs and new lights and buoys to be ascertained, and ever, and ever, the logarithmic tables to be corrected, for by the error of some calculator the vessel often splits upon a rock that should have reached a friendly pier—there is the untold fate of La Perouse.</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Jon_Appleton" title="Jon Appleton">Jon Appleton</a> composed a full-length opera based on the final voyage of Lapérouse, <i>Le Dernier Voyage de Jean-Gallup de la Perouse</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments">Monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Australia">Government of Australia</a> commissioned from artist <a href="/wiki/Ante_Dabro" title="Ante Dabro">Ante Dabro</a> (working in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>) a monumental bronze statue of de Galaup, for the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Anniversary" title="Anniversary">Bicentenary</a>. It was installed at the Promenade d'Australie in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Art@Site_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art@Site-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_disappeared_mysteriously_at_sea" title="List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea">List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The French Navy archives contain an interesting series of letters sent by Monneron to Lapérouse and de Castries during his mission to England. Presenting himself as an agent accredited by a Spanish lord, Monneron talked to junior officers who had known Cook. He met John Webb, the artist on the <i>Resolution</i> and painter of a painting of Cook as well as several drawings of north-west America. Besides his research findings, Webb passed on several other pieces of useful information: how to behave towards the native peoples, English prices for necessities for the voyage (showing him there was no financial advantage in buying exchange items in England rather than France), and above all, advice on anti-scurvy measures, particularly malt, of which Monneron dispatched several barrels to Paris, and how to cook anti-scorbutic preparations with ships' rations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Extract from Lapérouse's journal: I here must witness my recognition of Sir Joseph Banks, who, having realised that Monsieur de Monneron could not find an inclining compass in London, wished to lend us those that had served the famous captain Cook. I received these instruments with a sentiment of religious respect for the memory of this great man.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On 8 September, Mr. Patrick Buffet took part in the press conference organised at the <i>Press Club de France</i> to launch <i>Opération Lapérouse 2008</i>, which was attended by Admiral Jean-Louis Battet.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNovaresio1996" class="citation book cs1">Novaresio, Paolo (1996). <i>The Explorers: From the Ancient World to the Present</i>. Stewart, Tabori & Chang. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781556704956" title="Special:BookSources/9781556704956"><bdi>9781556704956</bdi></a>. <q>Lapérouse was born at Albi</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Explorers%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Present&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Stewart%2C+Tabori+%26+Chang&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781556704956&rft.aulast=Novaresio&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunmore1994xxxviii-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunmore1994xxxviii_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunmore1994">Dunmore 1994</a>, p. xxxviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunmore, pp. 3-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunmore, John. <i>Where fate beckons: the life of Jean-François de la Pérouse</i>. pp. 26–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoche200537-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoche200537_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoche200537_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoche200537_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoche2005">Roche (2005)</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonaque200063-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonaque200063_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMonaque2000">Monaque (2000)</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 181 "married a young Creole girl ... met ... at Mauritius"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dunmore-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dunmore_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchard2009" class="citation journal cs1">Pritchard, James (Spring 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ufv.ca/jhb/Volume_5/Volume_5_Pritchard.pdf">"Review of Where Fate Beckons: The Life of Jean-Francois de La Pérouse, by John Dunmore"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Historical Biography</i>. <b>5</b>: <span class="nowrap">123–</span>127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Historical+Biography&rft.atitle=Review+of+Where+Fate+Beckons%3A+The+Life+of+Jean-Francois+de+La+P%C3%A9rouse%2C+by+John+Dunmore&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E123-%3C%2Fspan%3E127&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ufv.ca%2Fjhb%2FVolume_5%2FVolume_5_Pritchard.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert J. King, <i>William Bolts and the Austrian Origins of the Lapérouse Expedition</i>, Terrae Incognitae, The Journal for the History of Discoveries, vol.40, 2008, pp. 1–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 181 "Lapérouse ships, <i>Astrolabe</i> and <i>Boussole</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">" Daring French Explorations,1714-1854,Trailblazing adventures around the world.Featuring Bougainville,Laperouse,Dumont d’Urville, and more " Hubert Sagnières, Edward Dyuker, Flammarion, 2023, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-08-042845-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-08-042845-5">978-2-08-042845-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080505195009/http://index.html/">"1788 Joseph Dagelet's Letter to William Dawes | Australia's migration history timeline | NSW Migration Heritage Centre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://index.html/">the original</a> on 5 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1788+Joseph+Dagelet%27s+Letter+to+William+Dawes+%26%23124%3B+Australia%27s+migration+history+timeline+%26%23124%3B+NSW+Migration+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findex.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 184 "the mathematician and astronomer Dagelet, the botanist La Martiniére and the geologist Lamanon. Then there were the geographers, the physicists, the physicians, and the illustrators like Duché de Vancy and the two Prévosts (uncle and nephew)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert W. Kirk, "Paradise Past: The Transformation of the South Pacific, 1520–1929", McFarland & Company, Inc., 2012, p.206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Langle's means of taking <a href="/wiki/Bearing_(navigation)" title="Bearing (navigation)">bearings</a> was exactly that used by Cook.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 181 "The expedition ... left the port of Brest on the 1st of August, 1785"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 186 "stopping on the coast of Chile"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean-François de Galaup, count de Lapérouse <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9046652">"Jean-François de Galaup, count de Lapérouse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+count+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9046652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 186 "Lapérouse headed for Easter Island ... left the island two days after his arrival ... after a brief stop in the Hawaiian Islands"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 186 "Towards mid-June ... the coast of Alaska, dominated by ... Mount Saint Elias"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. pp. 186–187 "entered a deep inlet that was baptised French Port (now Lituya Bay) ... On the 13th of July, 1786 .. Only one of the three boats that landed returned ...engulfed by a particularly violent ebb tide. ... Around twenty men perished"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abcbookworld.com/view_author.php?id=3017">"Pérouse, Jean-Francois de la"</a>. abcbookworld.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P%C3%A9rouse%2C+Jean-Francois+de+la&rft.pub=abcbookworld.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abcbookworld.com%2Fview_author.php%3Fid%3D3017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittle" class="citation web cs1">Little, Gary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garylittle.ca/maps-historic/perouse.html">"Lapérouse: 1786 Chart of the B.C. Coast"</a>. garylittle.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lap%C3%A9rouse%3A+1786+Chart+of+the+B.C.+Coast&rft.pub=garylittle.ca&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garylittle.ca%2Fmaps-historic%2Fperouse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=exact&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=all&CISOBOX1=North+America+--+Maps+--+Early+works+to+1800">"Alaska's Digital Archives"</a>. Vilda Alaska-materials from libraries, museums and archives throughout the State of Alaska USA, including From Atlas du Voyage de la Perouse, No. 17. "1e Feuille." Drawn by Herault, engraved by Bouclet. Published in Paris by "L'Imprimerie de la République" in 1797.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alaska%27s+Digital+Archives&rft.pub=Vilda+Alaska-materials+from+libraries%2C+museums+and+archives+throughout+the+State+of+Alaska+USA%2C+including+From+Atlas+du+Voyage+de+la+Perouse%2C+No.+17.+%221e+Feuille.%22+Drawn+by+Herault%2C+engraved+by+Bouclet.+Published+in+Paris+by+%22L%27Imprimerie+de+la+R%C3%A9publique%22+in+1797&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvilda.alaska.edu%2Fcdm4%2Fresults.php%3FCISOOP1%3Dexact%26CISOFIELD1%3DCISOSEARCHALL%26CISOROOT%3Dall%26CISOBOX1%3DNorth%2BAmerica%2B--%2BMaps%2B--%2BEarly%2Bworks%2Bto%2B1800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeman" class="citation web cs1">Leman, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/californias-mount-shasta-loses-a-historical-eruption/">"California's Mount Shasta Loses a Historical Eruption"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=California%27s+Mount+Shasta+Loses+a+Historical+Eruption&rft.aulast=Leman&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fcalifornias-mount-shasta-loses-a-historical-eruption%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610133504/http://www.siskiyous.edu/shasta/bib/B4.htm">"Early Exploration: Lapérouse Expedition, 1786, (Lapérouse, contrary to legend, did not see Mount Shasta in eruption in 1786)"</a>. siskiyous.edy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siskiyous.edu/shasta/bib/B4.htm">the original</a> on 10 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Exploration%3A+Lap%C3%A9rouse+Expedition%2C+1786%2C+%28Lap%C3%A9rouse%2C+contrary+to+legend%2C+did+not+see+Mount+Shasta+in+eruption+in+1786%29&rft.pub=siskiyous.edy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siskiyous.edu%2Fshasta%2Fbib%2FB4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 187 "Monterey ... was reached on the 14th of September"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dcq-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dcq_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ventanawild.org/news/fe99/caves.html">"DCQ Fall Equinox 1999 -- The Caves Ranch"</a>. <i>www.ventanawild.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810100543/http://www.ventanawild.org/news/fe99/caves.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ventanawild.org&rft.atitle=DCQ+Fall+Equinox+1999+--+The+Caves+Ranch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ventanawild.org%2Fnews%2Ffe99%2Fcaves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://picturethis.museumca.org/timeline/early-california-pre-1769-1840s/missions/info">"Early California: pre-1769–1840s: Missions | Picture This"</a>. <i>picturethis.museumca.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=picturethis.museumca.org&rft.atitle=Early+California%3A+pre-1769%E2%80%931840s%3A+Missions+%26%23124%3B+Picture+This&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpicturethis.museumca.org%2Ftimeline%2Fearly-california-pre-1769-1840s%2Fmissions%2Finfo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 187 "After 100 days of sailing ... reached the port of Macao. ... trying to trade the furs they had acquired in North America"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. pp. 187, 191 "On the 9th of April, 1787, ... set sail for Japan."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 191 "On the 7th of September, the expedition reached the coast of Kamchatka. The Russian authorities at Petropavlosk"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 191 "to send a young officer across Siberia and Russia to France with the ships' logs and the valuable charts."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 191 "On the 6th of December, ... the explorers dropped anchor off a Samoan island."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 191 "The squad ... was attacked as they were returning to their boats, and 12 men were killed, including De Langle, Lamanon and another officer. Another 20 were seriously wounded."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaresio, 1996. p. 192 "After having reached Tonga, he headed toward Australia"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hill-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hill_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hill_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hill_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2010" class="citation book cs1">Hill, David (October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/33472105"><i>1788 : The Brutal Truth of the First Fleet</i></a>. Penguin Random House Australia (published 2008). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86471-415-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86471-415-9"><bdi>978-1-86471-415-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1788+%3A+The+Brutal+Truth+of+the+First+Fleet&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+Australia&rft.date=2010-10&rft.isbn=978-1-86471-415-9&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F33472105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing1999" class="citation journal cs1">King, Robert J (December 1999). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA58117482&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00358762&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7Ebf349431&aty=open-web-entry">"What Brought Lapérouse to Botany Bay?"</a></span>. <i>Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society</i>. <b>85</b> (Pt. 2): <span class="nowrap">140–</span>147.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Australian+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=What+Brought+Lap%C3%A9rouse+to+Botany+Bay%3F&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=Pt.+2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E147&rft.date=1999-12&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Robert+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fid%3DGALE%257CA58117482%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr%26linkaccess%3Dabs%26issn%3D00358762%26p%3DAONE%26sw%3Dw%26userGroupName%3Danon%257Ebf349431%26aty%3Dopen-web-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Protos, A.(2000) The Road to Botany Bay. Randwick & District Historical Society Inc; "les deux commandants en chef, eux, ne se rencontrèrent pas"; Association Salomon (Nouméa, New Caledonia), <i>Le mystère Lapérouse, ou, le rêve inachevé d'un roi,</i> Paris, Conti, 2008, p.102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay,</i> London, Stockdale, 1789, p.86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Public Advertiser,</i> Monday, 9 May 1791</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Hayes, "Biographical Dictionary of Irishmen in France: Part XX", <i>Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review,</i> vol.36, no.142, 1947, pp.217–224, p.219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926063334/http://laperousemuseum.org/french-firsts/">"French Firsts | Friends of the Laperouse Museum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laperousemuseum.org/french-firsts">the original</a> on 26 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+Firsts+%26%23124%3B+Friends+of+the+Laperouse+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaperousemuseum.org%2Ffrench-firsts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926063952/http://laperousemuseum.org/french-firsts/first-mail/">"Mail | Friends of the Laperouse Museum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laperousemuseum.org/french-firsts/first-mail/">the original</a> on 26 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mail+%26%23124%3B+Friends+of+the+Laperouse+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaperousemuseum.org%2Ffrench-firsts%2Ffirst-mail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reporter.anu.edu.au/finding-la-p%C3%A9rouse">ANU Reporter, "Finding La Pérouse"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110073932/https://reporter.anu.edu.au/finding-la-p%C3%A9rouse">Archived</a> 10 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 10 January 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/dossiers/html/dossiers/FranceAmerique/fr/D2/T2-1-2-c.htm">"Gallica – France Amérique – La Pérouse et la côte Pacifique"</a>. <i>gallica.bnf.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laperouse+museum+last+documents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaperousemuseum.org%2Fhistory-2%2Flaperouses-last-documents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517004231/http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/society_art/french/perouse/index.html">"The fate of La Perouse"</a>. <i>Discover Collections</i>. State Library of NSW. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exp%C3%A9diton+Lap%C3%A9rouse+2008&rft.pub=operationlaperouse+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operationlaperouse2008.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marine-marchande.net/FM/Laperouse_Expo-2008/index_Laperouse_Expo-2008.htm">"Le mystère Lapérouse, enquête dans le Pacifique sud"</a> (in French). Paris: Musée de la Marine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+myst%C3%A8re+Lap%C3%A9rouse%2C+enqu%C3%AAte+dans+le+Pacifique+sud&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Mus%C3%A9e+de+la+Marine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marine-marchande.net%2FFM%2FLaperouse_Expo-2008%2Findex_Laperouse_Expo-2008.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415110040/http://www.eramet.fr/us/Site/Template/T1.aspx?SELECTID=214&ID=146">"Launch of "Lapérouse 2008" Operation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eramet.fr/us/Site/Template/T1.aspx?SELECTID=214&ID=146">the original</a> on 15 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launch+of+%22Lap%C3%A9rouse+2008%22+Operation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eramet.fr%2Fus%2FSite%2FTemplate%2FT1.aspx%3FSELECTID%3D214%26ID%3D146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Shipwrecks</i> vol. 1: <i>1622–1850</i>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bateson" title="Charles Bateson">Charles Bateson</a>, AH and AW Reed, Sydney, 1972, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-589-07112-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-589-07112-2">0-589-07112-2</a>, p24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Dillon, <i>Narrative and Successful Result of a Voyage in the South Seas, Performed by Order of the Government of British India, to Ascertain the Actual Fate of Lapérouse's Expedition</i>, in 2 volumes, London 1829.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wahlroos, Sven, "Mutiny and Romance in the South Seas", Salem House Publishers, c/o Harper & Row, New York, NY, 1989</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.albi-tourisme.fr/en/laperouse-museum">"The Lapérouse museum"</a>. <i>www.albi-tourisme.fr</i>. 17 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.albi-tourisme.fr&rft.atitle=The+Lap%C3%A9rouse+museum&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.albi-tourisme.fr%2Fen%2Flaperouse-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWéry2005" class="citation web cs1">Wéry, Claudine (8 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2005/apr/08/guardianweekly.guardianweekly11">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'What news of Lapérouse?'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27What+news+of+Lap%C3%A9rouse%3F%27&rft.date=2005-04-08&rft.aulast=W%C3%A9ry&rft.aufirst=Claudine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheguardian%2F2005%2Fapr%2F08%2Fguardianweekly.guardianweekly11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sydney.com/destinations/sydney/sydney-east/la-perouse/attractions/la-perouse-museum">"La Perouse Museum"</a>. <i>www.sydney.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sydney.com&rft.atitle=La+Perouse+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sydney.com%2Fdestinations%2Fsydney%2Fsydney-east%2Fla-perouse%2Fattractions%2Fla-perouse-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDianne_Frovlov_and_Andrew_Schneider1995" class="citation news cs1">Dianne Frovlov and Andrew Schneider (8 February 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081226090515/http://www.twiztv.com/scripts/northernexposure/season6/northernexposure-614.htm">"Northern Exposure, 6X14—'The Quest'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Twiz TV.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twiztv.com/scripts/northernexposure/season6/northernexposure-614.htm">the original</a> on 26 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Northern+Exposure%2C+6X14%E2%80%94%27The+Quest%27&rft.date=1995-02-08&rft.au=Dianne+Frovlov+and+Andrew+Schneider&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twiztv.com%2Fscripts%2Fnorthernexposure%2Fseason6%2Fnorthernexposure-614.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2015" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Naomi J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naomijwilliams.com/landfalls"><i>Landfalls</i></a>. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landfalls&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Naomi+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnaomijwilliams.com%2Flandfalls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art@Site-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Art@Site_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artatsite.com/Paris/details/Dabro-Ante-Francois-Galaup-Promenade-Australie-sculpture-modern-contemporain-art-Paris.html">details of the bust of Jean-François de Galaup</a>, Art@Site, accessed 2024-02-07</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1959" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Edward Weber (1959). <i>The vanishing Frenchman: the mysterious disappearance of Lapérouse</i>. Tuttle. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/930377698">930377698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+vanishing+Frenchman%3A+the+mysterious+disappearance+of+Lap%C3%A9rouse&rft.pub=Tuttle&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F930377698&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Edward+Weber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Taillemite, Étienne (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?BioId=36018">Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse-Naval officer; b. 23 August 1741 in the parish of Saint-Julien in Albi, France, son of Victor-Joseph de Galaup and Marguerite de Rességuier</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a> Online</i> Volume IV (1771-1800), University of Toronto.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInglis1986" class="citation book cs1">Inglis, Robin (1986). <i>The lost voyage of Laperouse</i>. Vancouver: Vancouver Maritime Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780919253209" title="Special:BookSources/9780919253209"><bdi>9780919253209</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/15144764">15144764</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+lost+voyage+of+Laperouse&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pub=Vancouver+Maritime+Museum&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15144764&rft.isbn=9780919253209&rft.aulast=Inglis&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiesse1993" class="citation book cs1">Miesse, William C. (1993). <i>Mount Shasta: an annotated bibliography</i>. California: Weed. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28444473">28444473</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mount+Shasta%3A+an+annotated+bibliography&rft.place=California&rft.pub=Weed&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28444473&rft.aulast=Miesse&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunmore1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Dunmore" title="John Dunmore">Dunmore, John</a> (1994). <i>The Journal of Jean-François de Galaup de la Pérouse 1785–1788</i>. Vol. 1. London: Hakluyt Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-904180-38-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-904180-38-7"><bdi>0-904180-38-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/165253485">165253485</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journal+of+Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup+de+la+P%C3%A9rouse+1785%E2%80%931788&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F165253485&rft.isbn=0-904180-38-7&rft.aulast=Dunmore&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunmore1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Dunmore" title="John Dunmore">Dunmore, John</a> (1995). <i>The Journal of Jean-François de Galaup de la Pérouse 1785–178 8</i>. Vol. 2. London: Hakluyt Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-904180-39-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-904180-39-5"><bdi>0-904180-39-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1154259176">1154259176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journal+of+Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup+de+la+P%C3%A9rouse+1785%E2%80%93178+8&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1154259176&rft.isbn=0-904180-39-5&rft.aulast=Dunmore&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReader's_Digest1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest" title="Reader's Digest">Reader's Digest</a> (1991). <i>Great Mysteries of the Past</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Mysteries+of+the+Past&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Reader%27s+Digest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span> Section "They Vanished Without a Trace". Article "Destination: Great South Sea". Pages 12–17.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonaque2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9mi_Monaque" title="Rémi Monaque">Monaque, Rémi</a> (2000). <i>Les aventures de Louis-René de Latouche-Tréville, compagnon de La Fayette et commandant de l'Hermione</i> (in French). Paris: SPM. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782901952343" title="Special:BookSources/9782901952343"><bdi>9782901952343</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/491636125">491636125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+aventures+de+Louis-Ren%C3%A9+de+Latouche-Tr%C3%A9ville%2C+compagnon+de+La+Fayette+et+commandant+de+l%27Hermione&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=SPM&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F491636125&rft.isbn=9782901952343&rft.aulast=Monaque&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9mi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoche2005" class="citation book cs1">Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). <i>Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours</i>. Vol. 1. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-9525917-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-9525917-0-6"><bdi>978-2-9525917-0-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/165892922">165892922</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+des+b%C3%A2timents+de+la+flotte+de+guerre+fran%C3%A7aise+de+Colbert+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=Group+Retozel-Maury+Millau&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F165892922&rft.isbn=978-2-9525917-0-6&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Jean-Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span> (1671-1870)</li> <li>Scott, Ernest (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030714152712/http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/ozlit/pdf/p00042.pdf"><i>Lapérouse</i></a>. Sydney, Australia: University of Sydney Library. From the print edition published by Angus and Robertson, Sydney 1912.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jean-François de La Pérouse">Jean-François de La Pérouse</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/commonwealthofau00britrich/commonwealthofau00britrich_djvu.txt">Archive.org</a> The Commonwealth of Australia, Australian Federal Handbook 84th meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held in Australia. August 1914.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610133504/http://www.siskiyous.edu/shasta/bib/B4.htm">Siskiyous.edu</a>, English language bibliography with extensive references to Lapérouse both in translations to English and the citation of original French document sources spanning many decades.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collection-laperouse.fr">La collection La Pérouse</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020807235452/http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/perouse.html">André Engels, <i>Jean-François de Galoup, Comte de Lapérouse</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020605023609/http://pages.quicksilver.net.nz/jcr/~lap.html">John Robson, <i>La Perouse, Eighteenth Century French Sailor and leader of a Voyage into the Pacific</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gw1.geneanet.org/index.php3?b=samlap&lang=en;p=jean+francois;n=de+galaup+de+laperouse">see Lapérouse genealogy on samlap Geneanet</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWéry2005" class="citation news cs1">Wéry, Claudine (8 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2005/apr/08/guardianweekly.guardianweekly11">"What news of Lapérouse?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+news+of+Lap%C3%A9rouse%3F&rft.date=2005-04-08&rft.aulast=W%C3%A9ry&rft.aufirst=Claudine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheguardian%2F2005%2Fapr%2F08%2Fguardianweekly.guardianweekly11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/La Pérouse, Jean-François de Galaup"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/La_P%C3%A9rouse,_Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup">"La Pérouse, Jean-François de Galaup" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+P%C3%A9rouse%2C+Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lapérouse, Jean François de Galaup"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Lap%C3%A9rouse,_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup">"Lapérouse, Jean François de Galaup" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. 1892.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lap%C3%A9rouse%2C+Jean+Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.date=1892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaillemite1979" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Taillemite, Étienne (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/galaup_jean_francois_de_4E.html">"Galaup, Jean François de, comte de Lapérouse"</a>. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a></i>. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Galaup%2C+Jean+Fran%C3%A7ois+de%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Taillemite&rft.aufirst=%C3%89tienne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fgalaup_jean_francois_de_4E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontenac-ameriques.org/histoire-et-memoire/article/laperouse-a-port-des-francais">La Pérouse in Port-des-Français (Alaska) and La Pérouse baptismal certificate</a> (in French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naomijwilliams.com/landfalls/">Landfalls</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101110131133/http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/politique-culturelle/Voyage_des_plantes.pdf">"2e Cahier du Conseil national des parcs et jardins – Le voyage des plantes – Les jardins, acteurs culturels de la biodiversité"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). culture.gouv.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/politique-culturelle/Voyage_des_plantes.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2e+Cahier+du+Conseil+national+des+parcs+et+jardins+%E2%80%93+Le+voyage+des+plantes+%E2%80%93+Les+jardins%2C+acteurs+culturels+de+la+biodiversit%C3%A9&rft.pub=culture.gouv.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culture.gouv.fr%2Fculture%2Fpolitique-culturelle%2FVoyage_des_plantes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyageroundworld00lapr_0/">A Voyage Around the World</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.lib.washington.edu/findingaids/view?do">Invoice for stores consumed on the <i>Amazone</i>, signed by La Pérouse, and portraits of La Pérouse</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> 1779–1828. 0.06 cubic feet (1 oversize folder). At the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/">University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294478#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata8721" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294478#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/19888/">FAST</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmHF697q3WfpPV6fXd4v3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup‏ La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11872651X">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup,‏ ‎comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50082863">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14960413z">France</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse (1741-1788)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11911032x">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14960413z">BnF data</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse (1741-1788)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11911032x">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00469976">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="La Perouse, Jean Francois : de Galaup de <conte>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UFIV085334">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup,‏ ‎comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35291628">Australia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup,‏ ‎comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0056702&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1654799">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/254638">Portugal</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean François de Galaup de Lapérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071531475">Netherlands</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup de‏ La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90805121">Norway</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean Francois de Galaup de‏ Laperouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000106979&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=223557">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup,‏ ‎comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201717703">Korea</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean François de Galaup de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/vs689k4d2c09nhj">Sweden</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810693506905606">Poland</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810560133905606">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean François de Galoup, comte de Lapérouse"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/210406">Vatican</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/336061">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup,‏ ‎comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007279736305171">Israel</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515823706706">Catalonia</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02067498?l=en">CiNii</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/hi/gnt/dsi2/index.php?table_name=dsi&function=details&where_field=id&where_value=12410">Scientific illustrators</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/900030">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/la-perouse-jean-francois-de-galaup-2329">Australia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean Francois Galaup, Comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/11872651X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11872651X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/085789453">IdRef</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6765dv4">SNAC</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jean François de Galaup‏ ‎Lapérouse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/30012242">RISM</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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