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Amarelos – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarelos</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 64 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="عرق مغولي — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عرق مغولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloide" title="Mongoloide — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mongoloide" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monqoloid" title="Monqoloid — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Monqoloid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Монголоид раса — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Монголоид раса" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Мангалоідная раса — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мангалоідная раса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Монголоидна раса — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Монголоидна раса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloidna_rasa" title="Mongoloidna rasa — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mongoloidna rasa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloide" title="Mongoloide — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mongoloide" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ڕەگەزی مەنگۆلی — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەگەزی مەنگۆلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloidn%C3%AD_rasa" title="Mongoloidní rasa — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mongoloidní rasa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_mongolide_race" title="Den mongolide race — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den mongolide race" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolide" title="Mongolide — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mongolide" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%86%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Κίτρινη φυλή — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κίτρινη φυλή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid" title="Mongoloid — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mongoloid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloida_raso" title="Mongoloida raso — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mongoloida raso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloide" title="Mongoloide — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mongoloide" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliidne_rass" title="Mongoliidne rass — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mongoliidne rass" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloide" title="Mongoloide — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mongoloide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="زردپوست — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زردپوست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolidinen_rotu" title="Mongolidinen rotu — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mongolidinen rotu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolo%C3%AFde" title="Mongoloïde — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mongoloïde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolo%C3%AFde_ras" title="Mongoloïde ras — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mongoloïde ras" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloidi" title="Mongoloidi — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mongoloidi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid_nagyrassz" title="Mongoloid nagyrassz — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mongoloid nagyrassz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%AB%D5%A4_%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Մոնղոլոիդ ռասա — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոնղոլոիդ ռասա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_Mongoloid" title="Ras Mongoloid — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ras Mongoloid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndi_Asia" title="Ndi Asia — igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndi Asia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloide" title="Mongoloide — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mongoloide" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89" title="モンゴロイド — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モンゴロイド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90" title="მონღოლოიდური რასა — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მონღოლოიდური რასა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid_rasas%C4%B1" title="Mongoloid rasası — kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mongoloid rasası" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D2%A3%D2%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Моңғолоид — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Моңғолоид" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8_%EC%9D%B8%EC%A2%85" title="몽골 인종 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몽골 인종" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Монголоид расасы — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Монголоид расасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyle_Mongoloidica" title="Phyle Mongoloidica — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phyle Mongoloidica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81" title="ອາຊີອາຕິກ — laosiano" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາຊີອາຕິກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolidai" title="Mongolidai — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mongolidai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolo%C4%ABd%C4%81_rase" title="Mongoloīdā rase — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mongoloīdā rase" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4ng%C3%B4l%C3%B4ida" title="Môngôlôida — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Môngôlôida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Монголоидна раса — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Монголоидна раса" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%85%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Монгол төрхтөн — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Монгол төрхтөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="मङ्गोलियाली नस्ल — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मङ्गोलियाली नस्ल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongools_ras" title="Mongools ras — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mongools ras" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_mongoloide_rase" title="Den mongoloide rase — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den mongoloide rase" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%B3%C5%82ta_odmiana_cz%C5%82owieka" title="Żółta odmiana człowieka — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żółta odmiana człowieka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasa_mongoloid%C4%83" title="Rasa mongoloidă — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rasa mongoloidă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Монголоидная раса — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монголоидная раса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Монголоид арааса — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Монголоид арааса" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloidna_rasa" title="Mongoloidna rasa — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mongoloidna rasa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid_(race)" title="Mongoloid (race) — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mongoloid (race)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloidn%C3%A1_rasa" title="Mongoloidná rasa — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mongoloidná rasa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumena_(mongolidna)_rasa" title="Rumena (mongolidna) rasa — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rumena (mongolidna) rasa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indho_yar" title="Indho yar — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Indho yar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Монголоидна раса — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монголоидна раса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolider" title="Mongolider — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mongolider" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மங்கோலிய இனம் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மங்கோலிய இனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="มองโกลอยด์ — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มองโกลอยด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Монголоид раса — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Монголоид раса" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%82_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1" title="سېرىق تەنلىكلەر — uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سېرىق تەنلىكلەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Монголоїдна раса — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монголоїдна раса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid_irqi" title="Mongoloid irqi — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mongoloid irqi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_ch%E1%BB%A7ng_%C3%81" title="Đại chủng Á — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại chủng Á" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%AE" title="蒙古人種 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒙古人種" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%A8%AE%E4%BA%BA" title="黃種人 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黃種人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q207912#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Amarelos" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Amarelos" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarelos&oldid=68899840" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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/></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Amarelos">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Amarelos&oq=Amarelos">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Amarelos">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Amarelos">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Junho de 2021</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Mongoloid_skull.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mongoloid_skull.png/160px-Mongoloid_skull.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mongoloid_skull.png/240px-Mongoloid_skull.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Mongoloid_skull.png 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A2nio" title="Crânio">Crânio</a> mongolóide.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Amarelos</b>, <b>mongoloides</b> ou <b>mongólicos</b> são termos obsoletos <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_do_conceito_de_ra%C3%A7a" title="História do conceito de raça">historicamente usados para designar um agrupamento racial</a> constituído de vários povos nativos de grande parte da <a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia" title="Ásia">Ásia</a>, das <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica" title="América">Américas</a> e de algumas regiões da <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> e da <a href="/wiki/Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>. Trata-se de termos derivados de uma teoria racial biológica, já refutada.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> No passado, também foram usados, como sinônimos, os termos "raça mongol", "amarela", "asiática" e "oriental". </p><p>A prática de dividir a humanidade em raças (<a href="/wiki/Mongoloide" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongoloide">mongoloide</a> ou amarela, <a href="/wiki/Caucas%C3%B3ide" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasóide">caucasóide</a> ou branca, <a href="/wiki/Negroide" class="mw-redirect" title="Negroide">negroide</a> ou negra, malaia ou marrom e <a href="/wiki/Povos_amer%C3%ADndios" title="Povos ameríndios">americana</a> ou vermelha) foi introduzida na <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1780" title="Década de 1780">década de 1780</a>, por membros da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Escola_de_Hist%C3%B3ria_de_G%C3%B6ttingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escola de História de Göttingen (página não existe)">Escola de História de Göttingen</a>, um grupo de historiadores ligados à <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Universidade de Göttingen">Universidade de Göttingen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Historiadores dessa Escola também foram responsáveis pela criação de dois grupos fundamentais de terminologias do <a href="/wiki/Racismo_cient%C3%ADfico" title="Racismo científico">racismo científico</a>: </p> <ul><li>A terminologia de Blumenbach e Meiners para raça: caucasiana ou branca; mongol ou amarela; malaia ou marrom; etíope ou negra; americana ou vermelha;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A terminologia <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia">bíblica</a> de Gatterer, Schlözer e Eichhorn para raça: <a href="/wiki/Semita" class="mw-redirect" title="Semita">semita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camita" class="mw-redirect" title="Camita">camita</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jaf%C3%A9tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Jafética">jafética</a>, as quais seriam constituídas, respectivamente, pelos descendentes de <a href="/wiki/Sem" title="Sem">Sem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cam" title="Cam">Cam</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jaf%C3%A9" title="Jafé">Jafé</a>, os três filhos de <a href="/wiki/No%C3%A9" title="Noé">Noé</a>.</li></ul> <p>A divisão da Humanidade em raças foi desenvolvida por estudiosos ocidentais no contexto de <a href="/wiki/Ideologia_racista" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideologia racista">ideologias racistas</a> predominantes durante a <a href="/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo">era do Colonialismo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AAPARace_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAPARace-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Com o desenvolvimento da <a href="/wiki/Gen%C3%A9tica" title="Genética">genética</a>, o conceito de <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7as_humanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Raças humanas">raças humanas</a> distintas em um sentido biológico, tornou-se obsoleto. Em 2019, a Associação Americana de Antropólogos Biológicos declarou: "A crença em 'raças' como aspectos naturais da <a href="/wiki/Biologia_humana" title="Biologia humana">biologia humana</a> e nas estruturas de desigualdade (racismo) que emergem de tais crenças estão entre os mais prejudiciais elementos da experiência humana, tanto hoje quanto no passado."<sup id="cite_ref-AAPARace_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAPARace-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O termo "mongoloide" também já foi usado para designar a pessoa portadora de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADndrome_de_Down" title="Síndrome de Down">síndrome de Down</a>, o que nos dias atuais é considerado altamente ofensivo.<sup id="cite_ref-Smay_and_Armelagos_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smay_and_Armelagos-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lieberman_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lieberman-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Templeton_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Templeton-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Keevak_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keevak-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> As pessoas afetadas pela síndrome eram frequentemente chamadas de "mongoloides" e a própria síndrome era designada por termos como "<a href="/wiki/Mongolismo" title="Mongolismo">mongolismo</a>", "idiotice mongol" ou "imbecilidade mongol". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Características"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas"></span>Características</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarelos&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Características" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarelos&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Características"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As caraterísticas físicas dos amarelos são, geralmente, as seguintes: crânio largo, pigmentação clara da pele entre branca e amarelada, cabelos lisos e negros, olhos rasgados e oblíquos, pómulos salientes, nariz reto, lábios delgados, tórax curto e largo, escassa pilosidade corporal. Surgiram em regiões da Ásia de baixas temperaturas. Isso explicaria características físicas como o nariz mais achatado e outras adaptações adequadas para o frio nas extremidades do corpo.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A última edição da enciclopédia alemã <i><a href="/wiki/Meyers_Konversations-Lexikon" title="Meyers Konversations-Lexikon">Meyers Konversations-Lexikon</a></i> (1971–79, 25 volumes), lista os mongoloides com as seguintes características:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><br /> <i>Rosto plano com raiz do nariz baixa, arcos zigomáticos pontiagudos, pálpebras achatadas (frequentemente oblíquas), cabelos grossos e rijos, olhos escuros, pele amarelo-acastanhada, estatura geralmente baixa.</i> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Variações de características </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Mongoloides </th> <th>Caucasoides </th> <th>Negroides </th></tr> <tr> <td>Forma do <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A2nio" title="Crânio">crânio</a> </td> <td>Ampla </td> <td>Média </td> <td>Larga </td></tr> <tr> <td>Contorno sagital </td> <td>Alto, globular </td> <td>Alto, arredondado </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Forma do nariz </td> <td>Média </td> <td>Estreita </td> <td>Ampla </td></tr> <tr> <td>Forma do <a href="/wiki/Osso_nasal" title="Osso nasal">osso nasal</a> </td> <td>Pequeno </td> <td>Grande </td> <td>Médio/Pequeno </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aparência do nariz </td> <td>Côncavo </td> <td>Reto </td> <td>Cônvaco/Reto </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="No_Brasil">No Brasil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarelos&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: No Brasil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amarelos&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: No Brasil"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segundo o <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Brasileiro_de_Geografia_e_Estat%C3%ADstica" title="Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística">Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística</a>, menos de 1% da população brasileira se autodeclara amarela.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Templeton, A. (2016). «Evolution and Notions of Human Race». In: Losos, J.; Lenski, R. <i>How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society</i>. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 346–361. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv7h0s6j.26">10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.atitle=Evolution+and+Notions+of+Human+Race&rft.au=Templeton%2C+A.&rft.btitle=How+Evolution+Shapes+Our+Lives%3A+Essays+on+Biology+and+Society&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=346-361&rft.place=Princeton%3B+Oxford&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv7h0s6j.26&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gierl, Martin (3 de maio de 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XtV2nJcVolQC&pg=PA285">«Change of Paradigm as a Squabble between Institutions»</a>. <i>Scholars in Action (2 vols): The Practice of Knowledge and the Figure of the Savant in the 18th Century</i>. [S.l.]: BRILL. p. 285. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-90-04-24391-0" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-90-04-24391-0">978-90-04-24391-0</a>. <q><i>The term "Göttingen school of history" refers not to student-teacher relations nor to a shared methodology, but precisely to this field of competition in historical, cultural and anthropological interpretation, which emerged in Göttingen in the second half of the eighteenth century as an institutional effect of the Göttingen university, and which is captivating not for its shared attitude, but for its vigorous activity emanating from all of the university’s areas of expertise in all areas of contemporary cultural-historical debate – which, as a political and cultural identity debate, was at the centre of discourse in the late Enlightenment</i>. <u><b>Tradução</b></u>: O termo "escola de história de Göttingen" não se refere às relações entre alunos e professores nem a uma metodologia compartilhada, mas precisamente a esse campo de competição na interpretação histórica, cultural e antropológica, que surgiu em Göttingen na segunda metade do século XVIII como um efeito institucional da universidade de Göttingen, e que é cativante não por sua atitude compartilhada, mas por sua atividade vigorosa que emana de todas as áreas de especialização da universidade em todas as áreas do debate histórico-cultural contemporâneo - que, como um debate de identidade política e cultural, estava no centro do discurso no final do <a href="/wiki/Iluminismo" title="Iluminismo">Iluminismo</a></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.atitle=Change+of+Paradigm+as+a+Squabble+between+Institutions&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.aulast=Gierl&rft.btitle=Scholars+in+Action+%282+vols%29%3A+The+Practice+of+Knowledge+and+the+Figure+of+the+Savant+in+the+18th+Century&rft.date=2013-05-03&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-90-04-24391-0&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXtV2nJcVolQC%26pg%3DPA285&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> D'Souza, Dinesh. <i>The End of Racism</i>. Free Press: 1995, p. 124. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-684-82524-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-684-82524-4">0-684-82524-4</a> <br /><b><u>Citação</u></b>: <i>Blumenbach's classification had a lasting influence in part because his categories neatly broke down into familiar tones and colors: white, black, yellow, red, and brown.</i> <u><b>Tradução:</b></u> A classificação de Blumenbach teve uma influência duradoura, em parte porque suas categorias se dividiam perfeitamente em tons e cores familiares: branco, preto, amarelo, vermelho e marrom.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAPARace-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAPARace_4-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAPARace_4-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">American Association of Physical Anthropologists (27 de março de 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physanth.org/about/position-statements/aapa-statement-race-and-racism-2019/">«AAPA Statement on Race and Racism»</a>. <i>American Association of Physical Anthropologists</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.atitle=AAPA+Statement+on+Race+and+Racism&rft.au=American+Association+of+Physical+Anthropologists&rft.date=2019-03-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Association+of+Physical+Anthropologists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysanth.org%2Fabout%2Fposition-statements%2Faapa-statement-race-and-racism-2019%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smay_and_Armelagos-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Smay_and_Armelagos_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Smay, Diana; Armelagos, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818073338/http://www.anthropology.emory.edu/FACULTY/ANTGA/Web%20Site/PDFs/Galileo%20Wept-%20A%20Critical%20Assessment%20of%20the%20Use%20of%20Race%20in%20Forensic%20Anthropology.pdf">«Galileo Wept: A Critical Assessment of the Use of Race in Forensic Anthropology»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Emory University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de outubro de 2012</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anthropology.emory.edu/FACULTY/ANTGA/Web%20Site/PDFs/Galileo%20Wept-%20A%20Critical%20Assessment%20of%20the%20Use%20of%20Race%20in%20Forensic%20Anthropology.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 18 de agosto de 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.au=Armelagos%2C+George&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft.aulast=Smay&rft.btitle=Galileo+Wept%3A+A+Critical+Assessment+of+the+Use+of+Race+in+Forensic+Anthropology&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Emory+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anthropology.emory.edu%2FFACULTY%2FANTGA%2FWeb%2520Site%2FPDFs%2FGalileo%2520Wept-%2520A%2520Critical%2520Assessment%2520of%2520the%2520Use%2520of%2520Race%2520in%2520Forensic%2520Anthropology.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lieberman-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lieberman_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lieberman, Leonard (1997). «Out of Our Skulls: Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid?». <i>Anthropology News</i>. <b>38</b> (9): 56. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fan.1997.38.9.56">10.1111/an.1997.38.9.56</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.atitle=Out+of+Our+Skulls%3A+Caucasoid%2C+Mongoloid%2C+Negroid%3F&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft.aulast=Lieberman&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Anthropology+News&rft.pages=56&rft.volume=38&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fan.1997.38.9.56&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Templeton-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Templeton_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Templeton, Alan R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realfuture.org/GIST/Readings/Templeton(1998).pdf">«Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Washington University</i>. Realfuture.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.atitle=Human+Races%3A+A+Genetic+and+Evolutionary+Perspective&rft.aufirst=Alan+R.&rft.aulast=Templeton&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realfuture.org%2FGIST%2FReadings%2FTempleton%281998%29.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keevak-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Keevak_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keevak, Michael. "Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking". Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-691-14031-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-691-14031-5">978-0-691-14031-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://super.abril.com.br/mundo-estranho/como-surgiram-as-racas-que-constituem-a-humanidade/">«Como surgiram as raças que constituem a humanidade?»</a>. <i>Super</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de fevereiro de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.atitle=Como+surgiram+as+ra%C3%A7as+que+constituem+a+humanidade%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Super&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuper.abril.com.br%2Fmundo-estranho%2Fcomo-surgiram-as-racas-que-constituem-a-humanidade%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://missaoitinerante.blogspot.com/2019/12/3-grupos-etnicos-negroide-caucasoide.html">«Missão itinerante: 3 Grupos étnicos - Negroide - Caucasoide - Mongoloide»</a>. <i>Missão itinerante</i>. 15 de dezembro de 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de fevereiro de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.atitle=Miss%C3%A3o+itinerante%3A+3+Grupos+%C3%A9tnicos+-+Negroide+-+Caucasoide+-+Mongoloide&rft.date=2019-12-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miss%C3%A3o+itinerante&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmissaoitinerante.blogspot.com%2F2019%2F12%2F3-grupos-etnicos-negroide-caucasoide.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">«Anthropologie». <i>Meyers Enzyklopädisches Lexikon in 25 Bänden. Neunte, völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage zum 150jährigen Bestehen des Verlages</i> (em alemão). <b>2</b>. p. 308. <q>flaches Gesicht mit niedriger Nasenwurzel, betonte Jochbogen, flachliegende Lidspalte (die oft schräggestellt ist), dickes, straffes, dunkles Haar, dunkle Augen, gelbbräunl. Haut, in der Regel kurzer, untersetzter Wuchs</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.atitle=Anthropologie&rft.btitle=Meyers+Enzyklop%C3%A4disches+Lexikon+in+25+B%C3%A4nden.+Neunte%2C+v%C3%B6llig+neu+bearbeitete+Auflage+zum+150j%C3%A4hrigen+Bestehen+des+Verlages&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=308&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/sociologia/raca-etnia.htm">«Raça e etnia»</a>. <i>Brasil Escola</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de fevereiro de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.atitle=Ra%C3%A7a+e+etnia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brasil+Escola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrasilescola.uol.com.br%2Fsociologia%2Fraca-etnia.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnae.ibge.gov.br/en/component/content/article/95-7a12/7a12-vamos-conhecer-o-brasil/nosso-povo/16049-cor-ou-raca.html">«Cor ou raça»</a>. <i>cnae.ibge.gov.br</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de fevereiro de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AAmarelos&rft.atitle=Cor+ou+ra%C3%A7a&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnae.ibge.gov.br&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnae.ibge.gov.br%2Fen%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F95-7a12%2F7a12-vamos-conhecer-o-brasil%2Fnosso-povo%2F16049-cor-ou-raca.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conceitos_históricos_de_raça" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Defini%C3%A7%C3%B5es_hist%C3%B3ricas_de_ra%C3%A7a" title="Predefinição:Definições históricas de raça"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Defini%C3%A7%C3%B5es_hist%C3%B3ricas_de_ra%C3%A7a" title="Predefinição Discussão:Definições históricas de raça"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Defini%C3%A7%C3%B5es_hist%C3%B3ricas_de_ra%C3%A7a&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conceitos_históricos_de_raça" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_(categoriza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_humana)" title="Raça (categorização humana)">Conceitos históricos de raça</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="*_Racismo_*_Racismo_científico_*_Pseudociência"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racismo" title="Racismo">Racismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racismo_cient%C3%ADfico" title="Racismo científico">Racismo científico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoci%C3%AAncia" title="Pseudociência">Pseudociência</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antropologia_f%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Antropologia física">Antropológicos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Povos_amer%C3%ADndios" title="Povos ameríndios">Ameríndios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australo-melan%C3%A9sios" title="Australo-melanésios">Australo-melanésios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coiss%C3%A3s" title="Coissãs">Capoide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_caucasiana" title="Raça caucasiana">Caucasoide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mongoloide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros" title="Negros">Negroide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cor_da_pele_humana" title="Cor da pele humana">Cor</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amarelo (Mongoloide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brancos" title="Brancos">Branco (Caucasoide)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze_(classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_racial)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronze (classificação racial) (página não existe)">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marrom_(classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_racial)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marrom (classificação racial) (página não existe)">Marrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pele_morena" title="Pele morena">Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros" title="Negros">Negro (Negroide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povos_amer%C3%ADndios" title="Povos ameríndios">Vermelho (Ameríndio)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Subtipos<br />(antropológicos)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>Caucasoide <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_alpina" title="Raça alpina">Alpino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a_%C3%A1rabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça árabe (página não existe)">Árabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_armenoide" title="Raça armenoide">Armenoide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a_atl%C3%A2ntida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça atlântida (página não existe)">Atlântida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_b%C3%A1ltica_oriental" title="Raça báltica oriental">Báltica oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a_c%C3%A1spia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça cáspia (página não existe)">Cáspia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a_caucasiana_do_norte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça caucasiana do norte (página não existe)">Caucasiana do norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_din%C3%A1rica" title="Raça dinárica">Dinárica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Et%C3%ADopes" title="Etíopes">Etíope</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a_iraniano-afeg%C3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça iraniano-afegã (página não existe)">Iraniano-afegã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_mediterr%C3%A2nea" title="Raça mediterrânea">Mediterrânea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_n%C3%B3rdica" title="Raça nórdica">Nórdica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a_pamirida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça pamirida (página não existe)">Pamirida</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mongoloide <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_lap%C3%A3" title="Raça lapã">Lapoide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinodontia_e_Sundadontia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinodontia e Sundadontia (página não existe)">Sinodontia e Sundadontia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mistura <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a_malaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça malaia (página não existe)">Malaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_tur%C3%A2nida" title="Raça turânida">Turânida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Diacrônica<br />(<a href="/wiki/Arqueogen%C3%A9tica" title="Arqueogenética">Arqueogenética</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanos_europeus_modernos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humanos europeus modernos (página não existe)">Europeus modernos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="História da Índia">História da Índia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australo-melan%C3%A9sios" title="Australo-melanésios">Proto-Australoide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Mongoloide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Mongoloide (página não existe)">Proto-Mongoloide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B3tese_da_origem_%C3%BAnica" title="Hipótese da origem única">Não africano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hist%C3%B3ria_gen%C3%A9tica_dos_povos_ind%C3%ADgenas_das_Am%C3%A9ricas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="História genética dos povos indígenas das Américas (página não existe)">Nativo americano ancestral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norte_antigo_da_Eur%C3%A1sia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norte antigo da Eurásia (página não existe)">Norte antigo da Eurásia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Filhos de Noé</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camitas" title="Camitas">Camitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semitas" title="Semitas">Semitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafetitas" title="Jafetitas">Jafetitas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociologia_da_ra%C3%A7a_e_rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_%C3%A9tnicas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociologia da raça e relações étnicas (página não existe)">Sociológica</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>Por região <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a_e_etnia_na_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça e etnia na América Latina (página não existe)">América Latina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%C3%A9tnica_do_Brasil" title="Composição étnica do Brasil">Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a_e_etnia_na_Col%C3%B4mbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça e etnia na Colômbia (página não existe)">Colômbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%A7a_e_etnia_nos_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raça e etnia nos Estados Unidos (página não existe)">Estados Unidos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racismo" title="Racismo">Discriminação racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorismo" title="Colorismo">Colorismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estere%C3%B3tipo_%C3%A9tnico" title="Estereótipo étnico">Estereótipos raciais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higiene_racial" title="Higiene racial">Higiene racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazismo_e_ra%C3%A7a" title="Nazismo e raça">Nazismo e raça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_superior" title="Raça superior">Raça superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racismo_cient%C3%ADfico" title="Racismo científico">Racismo científico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branquitude" title="Branquitude">Branquitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negritude" title="Negritude">Negritude</a></li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Passar_(identidade_racial)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passar (identidade racial) (página não existe)">Passar</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Escritores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A9nor_Firmin" title="Anténor Firmin">Anténor Firmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">Arthur de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Montagu" title="Ashley Montagu">Ashley Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertil_Lundman" title="Bertil Lundman">Bertil Lundman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_S._Coon" title="Carleton S. Coon">Carleton S. Coon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Lombroso" title="Cesare Lombroso">Cesare Lombroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Benedict_Davenport" title="Charles Benedict Davenport">Charles Benedict Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earnest_Hooton" title="Earnest Hooton">Earnest Hooton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Eugen Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_von_Luschan" title="Felix von Luschan">Felix von Luschan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bernier" title="François Bernier">François Bernier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Franz Boas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Ludwig_Hoffman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Ludwig Hoffman (página não existe)">Frederick Ludwig Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Vacher_de_Lapouge" title="Georges Vacher de Lapouge">Georges Vacher de Lapouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_conde_de_Buffon" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc, conde de Buffon">Georges-Louis Leclerc, conde de Buffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sergi" title="Giuseppe Sergi">Giuseppe Sergi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfdan_Bryn" title="Halfdan Bryn">Halfdan Bryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Hans F. K. Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Houston Stewart Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilse_Schwidetzky" title="Ilse Schwidetzky">Ilse Schwidetzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Czekanowski" title="Jan Czekanowski">Jan Czekanowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Blumenbach" title="Johann Friedrich Blumenbach">Johann Friedrich Blumenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baker" title="John Baker">John Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fiske" title="John Fiske">John Fiske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Deniker" title="Joseph Deniker">Joseph Deniker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson">Karl Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineu" title="Lineu">Lineu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothrop_Stoddard" title="Lothrop Stoddard">Lothrop Stoddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Madison Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Broca" title="Paul Broca">Paul Broca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Camper" title="Petrus Camper">Petrus Camper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Ruggles_Gates" title="Reginald Ruggles Gates">Reginald Ruggles Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Biasutti" title="Renato Biasutti">Renato Biasutti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bennett_Bean" title="Robert Bennett Bean">Robert Bennett Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Knox" title="Robert Knox">Robert Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow" title="Rudolf Virchow">Rudolf Virchow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_George_Morton" title="Samuel George Morton">Samuel George Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Mary_Cole" title="Sonia Mary Cole">Sonia Mary Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Marion_Garn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Marion Garn (página não existe)">Stanley Marion Garn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Griffith_Taylor" title="Thomas Griffith Taylor">Thomas Griffith Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Henry Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Ripley" title="William Z. Ripley">William Z. Ripley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Publicações</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Mitchell" title="John Mitchell"><i>An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People<wbr /> in Different Climates</i> (1744)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Meiners" title="Christoph Meiners"><i>The Outline of History of Mankind</i> (1785)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle"><i>Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question</i> (1849)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essai_sur_l%27in%C3%A9galit%C3%A9_des_races_humaines" title="Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines"><i>An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races</i> (1855)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Races_of_Europe_(Ripley)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Races of Europe (Ripley) (página não existe)"><i>The Races of Europe</i> (Ripley, 1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Foundations_of_the_Nineteenth_Century" title="The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century"><i>The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century</i> (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_Life_of_the_Aryan_Peoples&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Race Life of the Aryan Peoples (página não existe)"><i>Race Life of the Aryan Peoples</i> (1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heredity_in_Relation_to_Eugenics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heredity in Relation to Eugenics (página não existe)"><i>Heredity in Relation to Eugenics</i> (1911)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castes_in_India:_Their_Mechanism,_Genesis_and_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development (página não existe)"><i>Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development</i> (1916)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Passing_of_the_Great_Race&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Passing of the Great Race (página não existe)"><i>The Passing of the Great Race</i> (1916)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_World-Supremacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (página não existe)"><i>The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy</i> (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century (página não existe)"><i>The Myth of the Twentieth Century</i> (1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annihilation_of_Caste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annihilation of Caste (página não existe)"><i>Annihilation of Caste</i> (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Races_of_Europe_(Coon)&action=edit&redlink=1" 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