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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verkenning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verkenning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hawens_en_see-_en_lugroetes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawens_en_see-_en_lugroetes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Hawens en see- en lugroetes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawens_en_see-_en_lugroetes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natuurlike_hulpbronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natuurlike_hulpbronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Natuurlike hulpbronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natuurlike_hulpbronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politieke_geskille" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politieke_geskille"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politieke geskille</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politieke_geskille-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omgewing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omgewing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Omgewing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omgewing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arktiese Oseaan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 207 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-207" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">207 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A9%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%B5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D3%99" title="Аҩадатәи аокеан ҵааршә – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҩадатәи аокеан ҵааршә" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%B4t_Arktik" title="Laôt Arktik – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Laôt Arktik" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8D_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Щтыгъэ Океан – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Щтыгъэ Океан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktischer_Ozean" title="Arktischer Ozean – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Arktischer Ozean" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%AD_%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%85%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%96%E1%88%B5" title="አርክቲክ ውቅያኖስ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አርክቲክ ውቅያኖስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Glacial_Arctico" title="Oceano Glacial Arctico – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oceano Glacial Arctico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAsh%C3%A6f" title="Īshæf – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Īshæf" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="المحيط المتجمد الشمالي – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المحيط المتجمد الشمالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="لمحيط لمجمد الشمالي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لمحيط لمجمد الشمالي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0" title="উত্তৰ মহাসাগৰ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উত্তৰ মহাসাগৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9anu_Glacial_%C3%81rticu" title="Océanu Glacial Árticu – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Océanu Glacial Árticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шималияб ЦӀорол океан – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Шималияб ЦӀорол океан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktika_Welfa" title="Arktika Welfa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Arktika Welfa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="आर्कटिक महासागर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आर्कटिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimal_Buzlu_okean" title="Şimal Buzlu okean – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şimal Buzlu okean" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="شومال بوزلو اوقیانوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شومال بوزلو اوقیانوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%91%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төньяҡ Боҙло океан – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төньяҡ Боҙло океан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Arktik" title="Samudra Arktik – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Samudra Arktik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktischa_Ozean" title="Arktischa Ozean – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Arktischa Ozean" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkt%C4%97is_ond%C4%97n%C4%ABns" title="Arktėis ondėnīns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arktėis ondėnīns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadagatan_Artiko" title="Kadagatan Artiko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kadagatan Artiko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Паўночны Ледавіты акіян – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўночны Ледавіты акіян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Арктычны акіян – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арктычны акіян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laotan_Kutub_Lor" title="Laotan Kutub Lor – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Laotan Kutub Lor" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Северен ледовит океан – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Северен ледовит океан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="आर्कटिक महासागर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आर्कटिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="উত্তর মহাসাগর – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উত্তর মহাসাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meurvor_Arktika" title="Meurvor Arktika – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Meurvor Arktika" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%C4%8Dki_okean" title="Arktički okean – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Arktički okean" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8C%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хойто мүльһэн далай – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хойто мүльһэн далай" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oce%C3%A0_%C3%80rtic" title="Oceà Àrtic – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oceà Àrtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1e%CC%A4k-b%C4%ADng-i%C3%B2ng" title="Báe̤k-bĭng-iòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Báe̤k-bĭng-iòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Къилбаседа Шен Ӏапказ – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къилбаседа Шен Ӏапказ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadagatang_Artiko" title="Kadagatang Artiko – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kadagatang Artiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%B4%E1%8F%A2_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%BA%E1%8F%89%E1%8E%AF" title="ᏧᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ – Cherokees" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ئۆقیانووسی بەستووی باکوور – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆقیانووسی بەستووی باکوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Articu" title="Mari Articu – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mari Articu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktik_okean" title="Arktik okean – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Arktik okean" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_ledov%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n" title="Severní ledový oceán – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severní ledový oceán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Çурçĕрти Пăрлă океан – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурçĕрти Пăрлă океан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefnfor_yr_Arctig" title="Cefnfor yr Arctig – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cefnfor yr Arctig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishavet" title="Ishavet – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ishavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktischer_Ozean" title="Arktischer Ozean – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arktischer Ozean" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyanuso_Arktik" title="Okyanuso Arktik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Okyanuso Arktik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3dpo%C5%82nocny_polarny_ocean" title="Pódpołnocny polarny ocean – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pódpołnocny polarny ocean" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αρκτικός Ωκεανός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρκτικός Ωκεανός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkta_Oceano" title="Arkta Oceano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arkta Oceano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_%C3%81rtico" title="Océano Ártico – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Océano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-J%C3%A4%C3%A4meri" title="Põhja-Jäämeri – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhja-Jäämeri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozeano_Artikoa" title="Ozeano Artikoa – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ozeano Artikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9anu_Glacial_%C3%81rticu" title="Océanu Glacial Árticu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Océanu Glacial Árticu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اقیانوس منجمد شمالی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقیانوس منجمد شمالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjoinen_j%C3%A4%C3%A4meri" title="Pohjoinen jäämeri – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pohjoinen jäämeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5h%27a-I%C3%A4meri" title="Põh'a-Iämeri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Põh'a-Iämeri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur%C3%ADshavi%C3%B0" title="Norðuríshavið – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Norðuríshavið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Arctique" title="Océan Arctique – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Océan Arctique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktisk_Sia" title="Arktisk Sia – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Arktisk Sia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noardlike_Iissee" title="Noardlike Iissee – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noardlike Iissee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tAig%C3%A9an_Artach" title="An tAigéan Artach – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tAigéan Artach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%C3%A9yan_Argtik" title="Loséyan Argtik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Loséyan Argtik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuan_Argtach" title="Cuan Argtach – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cuan Argtach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_%C3%81rtico" title="Océano Ártico – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Océano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguasu_%C3%81rtiko" title="Paraguasu Ártiko – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Paraguasu Ártiko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B0" title="આર્કટિક મહાસાગર – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આર્કટિક મહાસાગર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vooir_Arctagh" title="Yn Vooir Arctagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vooir Arctagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moana_%CA%BB%C4%80lika" title="Moana ʻĀlika – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Moana ʻĀlika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אוקיינוס הקרח הצפוני – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקיינוס הקרח הצפוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%C4%8Dki_ocean" title="Arktički ocean – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arktički ocean" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewjerny_polarny_ocean" title="Sewjerny polarny ocean – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sewjerny polarny ocean" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktik" title="Aktik – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Aktik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeges-tenger" title="Jeges-tenger – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jeges-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D6%85%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Հյուսիսային սառուցյալ օվկիանոս – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսային սառուցյալ օվկիանոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Arctic" title="Oceano Arctic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oceano Arctic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Arktik" title="Samudra Arktik – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Samudra Arktik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taaw_Artiko" title="Taaw Artiko – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Taaw Artiko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="ГӀинбухера оакафорд – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ГӀинбухера оакафорд" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktika_oceano" title="Arktika oceano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arktika oceano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-%C3%8Dshaf" title="Norður-Íshaf – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norður-Íshaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Glaciale_Artico" title="Mar Glaciale Artico – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mar Glaciale Artico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B5%B7" title="北極海 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="北極海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/artik.zei_braxamsi" title="artik.zei braxamsi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="artik.zei braxamsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samodra_Lor" title="Samodra Lor – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Samodra Lor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ჩრდილოეთის ყინულოვანი ოკეანე – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთის ყინულოვანი ოკეანე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaraw_Arkti" title="Agaraw Arkti – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agaraw Arkti" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D_%D0%A5%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Арктикэ Хышхуэ – Kabardiaans" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Арктикэ Хышхуэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arikitiki_L%C9%A9%C5%8Bam%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Arikitiki Lɩŋamʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Arikitiki Lɩŋamʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1gba%CC%B1ndang_Kyai_A%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot_Atik" title="A̱gba̱ndang Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Atik – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱gba̱ndang Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Atik" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Arktik" title="Samudra Arktik – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Samudra Arktik" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D2%B1%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Солтүстік Мұзды мұхит – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Солтүстік Мұзды мұхит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="មហាសមុទ្រអាកទិក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាសមុទ្រអាកទិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0" title="ಆರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ್ ಮಹಾಸಾಗರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ್ ಮಹಾಸಾಗರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EA%B7%B9%ED%95%B4" title="북극해 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="북극해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ойвыв Йыа океан – Komi-Permyaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ойвыв Йыа океан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шимал Бузлауукъ океан – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Шимал Бузлауукъ океан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyan%C3%BBsa_Arkt%C3%AEk" title="Okyanûsa Arktîk – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Okyanûsa Arktîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynvor_Arktek" title="Keynvor Arktek – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Keynvor Arktek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Түндүк Муз океаны – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түндүк Муз океаны" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanus_Arcticus" title="Oceanus Arcticus – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oceanus Arcticus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кеферпатан МуркӀарин океан – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кеферпатан МуркӀарин океан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Artica" title="Mar Artica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mar Artica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naordelike_Ieszie%C3%AB" title="Naordelike Ieszieë – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Naordelike Ieszieë" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozean_Artich" title="Ozean Artich – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ozean Artich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucean_Artich" title="Ucean Artich – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ucean Artich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkties_vandenynas" title="Arkties vandenynas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arkties vandenynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCu_Ledus_oke%C4%81ns" title="Ziemeļu Ledus okeāns – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziemeļu Ledus okeāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranomasimbe_Arktika" title="Ranomasimbe Arktika – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ranomasimbe Arktika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B1%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Йӱдвел тептеҥыз – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йӱдвел тептеҥыз" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Artik" title="Samudra Artik – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Samudra Artik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Северноледен Океан – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Северноледен Океан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ആർട്ടിക് സമുദ്രം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർട്ടിക് സമുദ്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%81%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Умард мөсөн далай – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Умард мөсөн далай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯑꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="आर्क्टिक महासागर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आर्क्टिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautan_Artik" title="Lautan Artik – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lautan Artik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouceano_%C3%81rtico" title="Ouceano Ártico – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ouceano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%AD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пелевеёнксонь Эень океан – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пелевеёнксонь Эень океан" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="شمالی یخ بزه اوقیانوس – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شمالی یخ بزه اوقیانوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6%C3%B6rdlike_Iessee" title="Nöördlike Iessee – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nöördlike Iessee" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordelike_Ieszee" title="Noordelike Ieszee – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Noordelike Ieszee" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="आर्टिक महासागर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आर्टिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordelijke_IJszee" title="Noordelijke IJszee – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noordelijke IJszee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polhavet" title="Polhavet – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polhavet" title="Polhavet – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Artic" title="Ocean Artic – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ocean Artic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjaine_ji%C3%A4meri" title="Pohjaine jiämeri – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pohjaine jiämeri" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garba_Arkitiik" title="Garba Arkitiik – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Garba Arkitiik" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%98%D1%85%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Цæгат Ихджын фурд – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæгат Ихджын фурд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਆਰਕਟਿਕ ਮਹਾਂਸਾਗਰ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰਕਟਿਕ ਮਹਾਂਸਾਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiko_Kadayatmalatan" title="Artiko Kadayatmalatan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Artiko Kadayatmalatan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Och%C3%A9an_Arctike" title="Ochéan Arctike – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ochéan Arctike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Arktyczny" title="Ocean Arktyczny – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ocean Arktyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_%C3%80rtich" title="Océan Àrtich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Océan Àrtich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="آرکٹک ساگر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آرکٹک ساگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="شمالي قطبي سمندر – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شمالي قطبي سمندر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_%C3%81rtico" title="Oceano Ártico – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oceano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiku_mama_qucha" title="Artiku mama qucha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Artiku mama qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Arctic" title="Ocean Arctic – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Ocean Arctic" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanul_Arctic" title="Oceanul Arctic – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oceanul Arctic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Glaciale_Arteche" title="Mar Glaciale Arteche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mar Glaciale Arteche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Северный Ледовитый океан – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Северный Ледовитый океан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Северный ледовый океан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Северный ледовый океан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83" title="उत्तरध्रुवीयमहासागरः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीयमहासागरः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хотугу Муустаах далай – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хотугу Муустаах далай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otz%C3%A8anu_%C3%80rticu" title="Otzèanu Àrticu – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Otzèanu Àrticu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A8anu_%C3%80rticu" title="Ocèanu Àrticu – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ocèanu Àrticu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artic_Ocean" title="Artic Ocean – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Artic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%BD%DA%AA_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%DA%8A" title="آرڪٽڪ سمنڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آرڪٽڪ سمنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%C4%8Dki_ocean" title="Arktički ocean – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arktički ocean" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="ආක්ටික් සාගරය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආක්ටික් සාගරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%BD_%C4%BEadov%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n" title="Severný ľadový oceán – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Severný ľadový oceán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بحر منجمد شمالی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بحر منجمد شمالی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%C4%8Dni_ocean" title="Arktični ocean – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arktični ocean" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_Atika" title="Vasa Atika – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Vasa Atika" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gungwa_re_Akitiki" title="Gungwa re Akitiki – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gungwa re Akitiki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badweynta_Arktik" title="Badweynta Arktik – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Badweynta Arktik" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oqeani_Arktik" title="Oqeani Arktik – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oqeani Arktik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Северни ледени океан – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Северни ледени океан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norra_ishavet" title="Norra ishavet – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Norra ishavet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Aktiki" title="Bahari ya Aktiki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Aktiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktyczny_Uocean" title="Arktyczny Uocean – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Arktyczny Uocean" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/amisdayang" title="amisdayang – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="amisdayang" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆர்க்டிக் பெருங்கடல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆர்க்டிக் பெருங்கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఆర్క్‌టిక్ మహాసముద్రం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆర్క్‌టిక్ మహాసముద్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%9B%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%AF%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Уқёнуси Яхбастаи шимолӣ – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уқёнуси Яхбастаи шимолӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="มหาสมุทรอาร์กติก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาสมุทรอาร์กติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demirgazyk_Buzly_okean" title="Demirgazyk Buzly okean – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Demirgazyk Buzly okean" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagatang_Artiko" title="Karagatang Artiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karagatang Artiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzey_Buz_Denizi" title="Kuzey Buz Denizi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzey Buz Denizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Төньяк Боз океаны – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төньяк Боз океаны" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Соңгу Доштуг океан – Tuvinees" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Соңгу Доштуг океан" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%99%D3%A7_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Уйпал Йӧ океан – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Уйпал Йӧ океан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A_%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B2_%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شىمالىي مۇز ئوكيان – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىمالىي مۇز ئوكيان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Північний Льодовитий океан – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північний Льодовитий океан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بحر منجمد شمالی – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحر منجمد شمالی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimoliy_Muz_okeani" title="Shimoliy Muz okeani – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shimoliy Muz okeani" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%A8ano_%C3%80rtego" title="Osèano Àrtego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Osèano Àrtego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4valdmeri" title="Jävaldmeri – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jävaldmeri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_B%C4%83ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Bắc Băng Dương – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bắc Băng Dương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4ordelyke_Ysz%C3%AAe" title="Nôordelyke Yszêe – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Nôordelyke Yszêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceyan_Artike" title="Oceyan Artike – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Oceyan Artike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalawdan_Artico" title="Kalawdan Artico – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalawdan Artico" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C3%A0mbulaan_gu_B%C3%ABj-g%C3%A0nnaar" title="Mbàmbulaan gu Bëj-gànnaar – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mbàmbulaan gu Bëj-gànnaar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwandle_i-Arctica" title="Ulwandle i-Arctica – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ulwandle i-Arctica" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94_%E1%83%B8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ოორუე ჸინუამი ოკიანე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოორუე ჸინუამი ოკიანე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ארקטישער אקעאן – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארקטישער אקעאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92kun_%C3%81rkt%C3%ACk%C3%AC" title="Òkun Árktìkì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òkun Árktìkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekbinghyangz" title="Baekbinghyangz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Baekbinghyangz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak-ke%CC%8Dk-i%C3%BB%E2%81%BF" title="Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q788#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arktiese_Oseaan" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Arktiese_Oseaan" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arktiese_Oseaan"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Arktiese_Oseaan" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Arktiese_Oseaan" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&oldid=2676727" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Arktiese_Oseaan&id=2676727&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg/220px-Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg/330px-Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg/440px-Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1575" /></a><figcaption>Die Arktiese Oseaan word deur beide marinesoogdiere en kernduikbote gebruik.</figcaption></figure> <table class="toccolours" style="float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#BFD7FF;text-align:center;padding:0 1em 0 1em;"><b>Die <a href="/wiki/Aarde" title="Aarde">Aarde</a> se vyf <a href="/wiki/Oseaan" title="Oseaan">Oseane</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantiese_Oseaan" title="Atlantiese Oseaan">Atlantiese Oseaan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arktiese Oseaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiese_Oseaan" title="Indiese Oseaan">Indiese Oseaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suidelike_Oseaan" title="Suidelike Oseaan">Suidelike Oseaan</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Die <b>Arktiese Oseaan</b>, wat ook as die <b>Noordelike Yssee</b> of <b>Noordpoolsee</b> bekend staan, is hoofsaaklik in die <a href="/wiki/Noordpool" title="Noordpool">Noordpoolstreek</a> geleë. Dit is die kleinste en vlakste van die wêreld se vyf <a href="/wiki/Oseaan" title="Oseaan">oseane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pidwirny_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pidwirny-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groot dele van die oseaan word vir dele van die jaar of die hele jaar deur see-ys bedek. Alhoewel die Internasionale Hidrografiese Organisasie dit as 'n oseaan erken, verwys sommige oseanoloë daarna as die "Arktiese Middelandse See" of slegs die "Arktiese See".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatiewelik kan dit ook as die mees noordelike deel van die hele Wêreldoseaan gesien word. </p><p>Die Arktiese Oseaan se temperatuur en <a href="/wiki/Soutgehalte" title="Soutgehalte">soutgehalte</a> verskil seisoenaal, soos die boonste yslae smelt en weer vries.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit het die laagste soutgehalte van die vyf oseane, as gevolg van die lae verdamping, hoë hoeveelhede varswater wat afkomstig is van riviere en strome en die beperkte verbinding met die omliggende oseaniese waters wat hoër soutgehaltes het. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Arctic_Ocean.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Arctic_Ocean.png/220px-Arctic_Ocean.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Arctic_Ocean.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Die Arktiese Oseaan</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Arktiese Oseaan beslaan 'n ronde bekken en dek 'n oppervlak van ongeveer 14 090 000 <a href="/wiki/Vierkante_kilometer" title="Vierkante kilometer">vierkante kilometer</a> (5 440 000 myl²), effens minder as 1,5 keer die grootte van die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a>. Die kuslynlengte is 45 389 km. Die diepste punt in die oseaan is die Frambekken teen 5 450 m (17 881 voet).<sup id="cite_ref-mariana_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mariana-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die oseaan word omring deur die landmassas van Eurasië, <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland">Groenland</a> en 'n aantal <a href="/wiki/Eiland" title="Eiland">eilande</a>, waaronder die <a href="/wiki/Baffinbaai" title="Baffinbaai">Baffinbaai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barentssee" title="Barentssee">Barentssee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaufortsee" title="Beaufortsee">Beaufortsee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsjoekotkasee" title="Tsjoekotkasee">Tsjoekotkasee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oos-Siberiese_See" title="Oos-Siberiese See">Oos-Siberiese See</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groenlandsee" title="Groenlandsee">Groenlandsee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hudsonbaai" title="Hudsonbaai">Hudsonbaai</a>, Hudson Seestraat, <a href="/wiki/Karasee" title="Karasee">Karasee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laptefsee" title="Laptefsee">Laptefsee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witsee" title="Witsee">Witsee</a> en ander waterliggame in. Dit is verbind aan die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> deur die <a href="/wiki/Beringstraat" title="Beringstraat">Beringseestraat</a> en aan die <a href="/wiki/Atlantiese_Oseaan" title="Atlantiese Oseaan">Atlantiese Oseaan</a> deur die Groenlandsee. </p><p>'n Onderwater mid-oseaanrif, die Lomonosow-rif, verdeel die diepsee Noord-polêre Bekken in twee bekkens: die Eurasiese-, of Nansenbekken, (vernoem na die Noorse ontdekker <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a>) wat tussen 4 000 en 4 500 m (13 000 en 15 000 voet) diep is, en die Noord-Amerikaanse, of Hiperborese Bekken, wat omtrent 4 000 m diep is. Die topografie van die oseaanbodem word gekenmerk deur skeurblokriwwe, diepseevlaktes, oseaandieptes en bekkens. Die gemiddelde diepte van die Arktiese Oseaan is 1 038 m (3 407 voet), deels toegeskryf aan die grootte van die vastelandplaat aan die Eurasiese kant.<sup id="cite_ref-mariana_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mariana-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die hoofwatertoevoer is uit die Atlantiese Oseaan deur middel van die Noorweëstroom, wat dan langs die Eurasiese kus verder vloei. Water vloei ook uit die Stille Oseaan in deur die Beringseestraat. Die Oos-Groenlandstroom vorm die belangrikste uitloop. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur">Temperatuur</a> en soutgehalte wissel volgens <a href="/wiki/Seisoen" title="Seisoen">seisoen</a> soos die ysbedekking smelt en vries. Ys bedek die grootste deel van die oseaanoppervlak, wat vir groot dele van die jaar benede vriespunt is. Daar is aansienlike seisoenale wisseling in die hoeveelheid pakys wat die oseaan bedek. Dit word vir omtrent 10 maande in die jaar deur <a href="/wiki/Sneeu" title="Sneeu">sneeu</a> bedek. Die maksimum sneeubedekking is in Maart of April—omtrent 20 tot 50 cm bo-op die bevrore oseaan. </p><p>Min seelewe word aangetref waar die oseaan deurgaans deur ys bedek is. In oop dele is seelewe baie volop, veral in meer suidelike waters. Die Arktiese Oseaan sluit 'n groot aantal eilande in, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland">Groenland</a> en die Groenlandeilande, die <a href="/wiki/Kanadese_Arktiese_Argipel" title="Kanadese Arktiese Argipel">Kanadese Arktiese Argipel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (wat deel van die <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Koninkryk van Noorweë</a> is) en die <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Russiese</a> eilandgroepe en eilande: <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef-land" title="Franz Josef-land">Franz Josef-land</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Siberiese_Eilande" title="Nieu-Siberiese Eilande">Nieu-Siberiese Eilande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nowaja_Zemlja" title="Nowaja Zemlja">Nowaja Zemlja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sewernaja_Zemlja" title="Sewernaja Zemlja">Sewernaja Zemlja</a>, Wajgatsj en <a href="/wiki/Wrangeleiland" title="Wrangeleiland">Wrangeleiland</a>. </p><p>Yseilande breek nou en dan van noordelike <a href="/wiki/Ellesmere-eiland" title="Ellesmere-eiland">Ellesmere-eiland</a> weg en <a href="/wiki/Ysberg" title="Ysberg">ysberge</a> wat deur die gletsers in westelike <a href="/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland">Groenland</a> en die heel noordoostelike deel van <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> veroorsaak verteenwoordig. Ysgrond kom op die eilande in die oseaan voor en die oseaan is so te sê deur ys ingesluit van Oktober tot Junie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verkenning">Verkenning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Verkenning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Verkenning"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Arctic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Arctic.svg/220px-Arctic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Arctic.svg/330px-Arctic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Arctic.svg/440px-Arctic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption>'n Kaart van die Arktiese gebied</figcaption></figure> <p>Verkenning van die Arktiese Oseaan het waarskynlik begin met pogings om 'n <a href="/wiki/Noordelike_Seeroete" title="Noordelike Seeroete">Noordelike Seeroete</a> tussen die <a href="/wiki/Atlantiese_Oseaan" title="Atlantiese Oseaan">Atlantiese Oseaan</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> langs die <a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Siberië">Siberiese</a> kus van <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> te vestig. <a href="/wiki/Wiking" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiking">Wikings</a> het reeds in die eerste millennium hulle gebied in die oseaan uitgebrei opsoek na pels en <a href="/wiki/Ivoor" title="Ivoor">ivoor</a>. Russiese setlaars en handelaars het dele van die roete langs die kus van die <a href="/wiki/Witsee" title="Witsee">Witsee</a> reeds in die <a href="/wiki/11de_eeu" title="11de eeu">11de eeu</a> verken. Die idee van 'n Noordelike Seeroete is in <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a> deur die Russiese diplomaat Dmitri Gerasimof voorgestel. Teen die <a href="/wiki/17de_eeu" title="17de eeu">17de eeu</a> is 'n aaneenlopende seeroete van <a href="/wiki/Archangelsk" title="Archangelsk">Archangelsk</a> tot sover oos as die mond van die <a href="/wiki/Jenisejrivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenisejrivier">Jenisejrivier</a> gevestig. </p><p>Westelike dele van die deurgang is gelyktydig deur Noord-Europese lande soos Engeland, Nederland, Denemarke en Noorweë verken, opsoek na 'n alternatiewe seeweg na <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a> en <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a>. Mees noemenswaardig is die <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>-ontdekkingstog gelei deur die Nederlandse seevaarder Willem Barentsz wat <a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Spitsbergen</a>, Bjørnøya en Nowaja Zemlja ontdek het. In <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a> ontdek die Oostenryks-Hongaarse Noordpoolekpedisie Franz Josef-land. In <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a> slaag die Fins-Sweedse ontdekker Nordenskjöld vir die eerste keer daarin om die hele Noordoos-deurvaart van wes na oos te navigeer en in <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a> voltooi 'n Russiese ontdekkingstog onder leiding van Boris Wilkitski die deurvaart van oos na wes. </p><p>Dele van die oseaan is ook verken opsoek na die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noordwesdeurgang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noordwesdeurgang (bladsy bestaan nie)">Noordwesdeurgang</a> om 'n roete tussen die <a href="/wiki/Atlantiese_Oseaan" title="Atlantiese Oseaan">Atlantiese Oseaan</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> deur die Kanadese Arktiese Argipel te vestig. Tussen die einde van die <a href="/wiki/15de_eeu" title="15de eeu">15de eeu</a> en die <a href="/wiki/20ste_eeu" title="20ste eeu">20ste eeu</a> het verskeie Europese verkenners gepoog om 'n kommersiële seeroete noord en wes om die Amerikaanse kontinente te vind. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Eagle-crashed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eagle-crashed.jpg/220px-Eagle-crashed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eagle-crashed.jpg/330px-Eagle-crashed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eagle-crashed.jpg/440px-Eagle-crashed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="1624" /></a><figcaption>S. A. Andrée en Knut Frænkel met die ballon nadat dit op die pakys neergestort het in die mislukte tog van <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Nuclearicebreakeryamal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nuclearicebreakeryamal.jpg/220px-Nuclearicebreakeryamal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nuclearicebreakeryamal.jpg/330px-Nuclearicebreakeryamal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nuclearicebreakeryamal.jpg/440px-Nuclearicebreakeryamal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Die kernaangedrewe ysbreker, "Yamal", onderweg na die Noordpool</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1539" title="1539">1539</a> stuur die Spaanse markies <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a> die ontdekkingsreisiger Francisco de Ulloa op 'n vaart langs die <a href="/wiki/Neder-Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Neder-Kalifornië">Neder-Kalifornië</a>-skiereiland om na die deurvaart te soek. Tussen <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a> en <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a> onderneem die Engelse seevaarder Martin Frobisher drie reise na die Kanadese arktiese gebied om die deurgang te vind. Hy word in <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a> deur Sir Humphrey Gilbert (wat <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland" title="Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> vir die <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engelse kroon</a> eis) gevolg en daarna deur John Davis wat die Cumberland Sont en <a href="/wiki/Baffin-eiland" title="Baffin-eiland">Baffin-eiland</a> in 1585 binnevaar. In <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a> seil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hudson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Hudson (bladsy bestaan nie)">Henry Hudson</a> op in die rivier wat nou sy naam dra en verken later die Kanadese Arktiese gebied en <a href="/wiki/Hudsonbaai" title="Hudsonbaai">Hudsonbaai</a>. In die eerste helfte van die <a href="/wiki/19de_eeu" title="19de eeu">19de eeu</a> word dele van die Noordwesdeurgang afsonderlik deur verskillende ekspedisies verken insluitende die ontdekkingsvaarte van John Ross, William Edward Parry, James Clark Ross en oorland ekspedisies deur John Franklin, George Back, Peter Warren Dease, Thomas Simpson en John Rae. Toe die <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a>-tog deur Franklin om kaarte van die laaste 500 km onbekende dele van die deurgang op te stel nie terugkeer nie, lei dit tot 'n aantal reddingsendings en soekgeselskappe wat die Kanadese Arktiese gebied genoegsaam verken om 'n moontlike deurgang te bepaal. </p><p>Tydens die soektog na Franklin voltooi 'n span onder leiding van Robert McClure die Noordwesdeurgang van wes na oos tussen <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a> en <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a> – deels per skip en deels per <a href="/wiki/Slee" title="Slee">slee</a>. Die deurgang is egter eers in <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> ter see oorwin toe die <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noor</a> <a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a> 'n drie jaar tog in die aangepaste 47-ton <a href="/wiki/Haring" title="Haring">haring</a> boot, die Gjøa, daarin slaag om. Die roete was egter nie ekonomies lewensvatbaar nie a.g.v. van die lang tyd wat dit geneem het en omdat dit op plekke baie vlak was. Die eerste enkelseisoendeurgang is eers in <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> onder leiding van Henry Larsen voltooi. </p><p>'n Derde motivering vir verkenning van die Arktiese Oseaan was om die <a href="/wiki/Noordpool" title="Noordpool">Noordpool</a> te bereik. Die Polaris-ekspedisie van 1871 was 'n mislukte Amerikaanse poging onder leiding van Charles Francis Hall. In April <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> bereik <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> die 86° 14´ N breedtegraad. Nansen oorkruis dan ook vir die eerste keer in <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a> die Arktiese Oseaan ter see. </p><p>In 1897 onderneem die <a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Sweed</a> Salomon August Andrée 'n rampspoedige <a href="/wiki/Lugballon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugballon">lugballonvaart</a> na die Noordpool. Andrée en sy twee mede-ontdekkers kom op Kvitøya (Witeiland) in <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> om, nadat hulle suid moes trek toe die lugballon neergestort het as gevolg van <a href="/wiki/Waterstof" title="Waterstof">waterstoflekkasie</a>. </p><p>In die lente van <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> onderneem Frederick Cook 'n reis na die Noordpool saam met slegs twee Inuïet mans, Ahwelah en Etukishook. Cook beweer dat hy die pool op 21 April 1908 bereik het nadat hy noord gereis het van Axel Heiberg-eiland. Die bewering is egter deur Robert Peary in twyfel getrek en Cook kon nie dokumentasie verskaf wat sy besoek aan die pool bo alle twyfel bevestig nie. Daar word algemeen aanvaar dat die eerste suksesvolle tog na die Noordpool op <a href="/wiki/6_April" title="6 April">6 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a> deur die Anglo-Amerikaner Robert Edwin Peary, die swart Amerikaner Matthew Henson en vier Inuïetmans genaamd Ootah, Seegloo, Egingway, en Ooqueah onderneem is. Geen van die spanlede het egter opleiding in navigasie gehad nie, wat dus onafhanklik kon bevestig dat die pool wél bereik is en die afstande en snelhede wat Peary beweer hy bereik het, grens aan die ongelooflike. </p><p>Op <a href="/wiki/9_Mei" title="9 Mei">9 Mei</a> <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> onderneem Richard Evelyn Byrd en vlieënier Floyd Bennett 'n vlug oor die Noordpool. Hulle beweer dat hulle die pool bereik het, maar kon nie geloofwaardige navigasiedata voorlê wat die bewering sou staaf nie. Die eerste onbetwiste waarneming van die Noordpool is op <a href="/wiki/12_Mei" title="12 Mei">12 Mei</a> <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> deur Roald Amundsen en sy Amerikaanse borg Lincoln Ellsworth met die <a href="/wiki/Lugskip" title="Lugskip">lugskip</a> Norge bereik. Op <a href="/wiki/3_Mei" title="3 Mei">3 Mei</a> <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> land die Verenigde State se luitenant-kolonel Joseph O. Fletcher en luitenant William P. Benedict met 'n vliegtuig by die geografiese Noordpool. Op <a href="/wiki/3_Augustus" title="3 Augustus">3 Augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a> seil die Verenigde State se <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus" title="USS Nautilus">USS Nautilus</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Duikboot" title="Duikboot">duikboot</a> onder die Noordpool deur en op <a href="/wiki/17_Maart" title="17 Maart">17 Maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> kom die USS Skate (SSN-578) by die pool na die oppervlak om die eerste vaartuig te word wat die pooloppervlak bereik. </p><p>Die Amerikaanse Ralph Plaisted onderneem die eerste bevestigde landelike reis na die Noordpool op <a href="/wiki/19_April" title="19 April">19 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>. Die eerste landelike kruising oor die oppervlak van die oseaanys word in <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> deur Wally Herbert gelei, in 'n hondeslee met lugsteun van <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> tot by <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetse</a> kernaangedrewe ysbreker, die <i>Arktika</i>, voltooi op <a href="/wiki/17_Augustus" title="17 Augustus">17 Augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a> die eerste suksesvolle vaart op die oppervlak van die oseaan na die Noordpool. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/220px-North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/330px-North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/440px-North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>Die omvang van die Arktiese yspak in Februarie, 1978 tot 2002</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/220px-North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/330px-North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/440px-North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption>Die omvang van die Arktiese yspak in September, 1978 tot 2002</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poolklimaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poolklimaat (bladsy bestaan nie)">Poolklimaat</a> word gekenmerk deur voortdurende koue en relatief min verskil tussen die jaarlikse maksimum- en minimumtemperatuur. In die winter is die oseaan in donkerte gehul wat gepaard gaan met koue stabiele weerstoestande en oop lug. In die somer is dit permanent dag met vogtige en mistige weer met swak siklone wat reën en sneeu teweegbring. </p><p>Die Arktiese Oseaan is 'n groot bron van baie koue lug wat onvermydelik na die <a href="/wiki/Ewenaar" title="Ewenaar">ewenaar</a> beweeg en warmer lug in die middel <a href="/wiki/Breedtegraad" title="Breedtegraad">breedtegrade</a> ontmoet en <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABn" title="Reën">reën</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sneeu" title="Sneeu">sneeu</a> veroorsaak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hawens_en_see-_en_lugroetes">Hawens en see- en lugroetes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Hawens en see- en lugroetes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Hawens en see- en lugroetes"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die oseaan se belangrikste hawens is die <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Russiese</a> stede <a href="/wiki/Moermansk" title="Moermansk">Moermansk</a> en Archangelsk. Die Arktiese Oseaan verteenwoordig die kortste lugroete tussen die Stille Oseaan-kus van Noord-Amerika en Europa. Dit is ook die korste seeverbinding tussen die heel oostelike en westelike Rusland deur die <a href="/wiki/Noordelike_Seeroete" title="Noordelike Seeroete">Noordelike Seeroete</a>. Die Arktiese Oseaan bevat 'n groot smoorpunt in die suidelike Tsjoekotkasee, wat noordelike toegang tot die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> via die Bering Seestraat tussen Noord-Amerika en Rusland moontlik maak. </p><p>Daar is 'n aantal drywende navorsingstasies in die Arktiese Oseaan wat deur die Verenigde State en Rusland bedryf word. </p> <dl><dt>Hawens</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png/220px-Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png/330px-Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png/440px-Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>Arktiese Oseaan Seehawens, Churchill, Inuvik, Prudhoebaai, Barrow, Pevek, Tiksi, Dikson, Dudinka, Archangelsk, Moermansk</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Churchill,_Manitoba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churchill, Manitoba (bladsy bestaan nie)">Churchill, Manitoba</a> (Kanada)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuvik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inuvik (bladsy bestaan nie)">Inuvik</a> (Kanada)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prudhoe_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prudhoe Bay (bladsy bestaan nie)">Prudhoe Bay</a> (VSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utqia%C4%A1vik" title="Utqiaġvik">Utqiaġvik</a> (VSA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pevek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pevek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pevek</a> (Rusland)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiksi (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tiksi</a> (Rusland)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dikson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dikson (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dikson</a> (Rusland)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dudinka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dudinka (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dudinka</a> (Rusland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moermansk" title="Moermansk">Moermansk</a> (Rusland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangelsk" title="Archangelsk">Archangelsk</a> (Rusland)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirkenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirkenes (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kirkenes</a> (Noorweë)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vard%C3%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vardø (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vardø</a> (Noorweë)</li></ul> <p>Geografiese koördinate: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arktiese_Oseaan&language=af&params=90_00_N_0_00_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">90°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°00′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">90.000°N 0.000°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">90.000; 0.000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natuurlike_hulpbronne">Natuurlike hulpbronne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Natuurlike hulpbronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Natuurlike hulpbronne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Arktiese Oseaan bevat <a href="/wiki/Olie" class="mw-disambig" title="Olie">olie</a>- en gasvelde, spoelertsafsettings, mangaanniere, sand en gruismassas. Die oseaan is ryk aan <a href="/wiki/Vis" title="Vis">vislewe</a> en ook seesoogdiere soos <a href="/wiki/Rob" title="Rob">robbe</a> en <a href="/wiki/Walvis" title="Walvis">walvisse</a> kom voor. </p><p>Die gebied naby die middel van die see is die onderwerp van 'n geskil tussen die Verenigde State, Rusland, Kanada, Noorweë en Denemarke. Die gebied word as belangrik beskou aangesien dit moontlik tot 'n kwart van die wêreld se olie- en gashulpbronne bevat.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politieke_geskille">Politieke geskille</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Politieke geskille" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Politieke geskille"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Nordpolarmeer_Sektorenaufteilung.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Nordpolarmeer_Sektorenaufteilung.svg/220px-Nordpolarmeer_Sektorenaufteilung.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Nordpolarmeer_Sektorenaufteilung.svg/330px-Nordpolarmeer_Sektorenaufteilung.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Nordpolarmeer_Sektorenaufteilung.svg/440px-Nordpolarmeer_Sektorenaufteilung.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption>Voorgestelde sektore van die Arktiese gedied in die vroeë 20ste eeu: <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#FFFF66;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland">Groenland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koninkryk_van_Denemarke" title="Koninkryk van Denemarke">Denemarke</a>)</p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#FF6666;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#CC66FF;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#9999FF;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#99FF99;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a></p> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Arctic-claims.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Arctic-claims.png/220px-Arctic-claims.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Arctic-claims.png/330px-Arctic-claims.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Arctic-claims.png/440px-Arctic-claims.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Huidige geëiste gebiede in die Arktiese Oseaan</figcaption></figure> <p>Die eerste Kanadese soldate is reeds in <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a> in die Arktiese gebied ontplooi en het destyds as vrywilligers wet en orde gedurende die plaaslike goudstormloop gehandhaaf. 'n Moderne militêre basis is egter eers in <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> in Yellowknife in die Noordwes-Gebiede opgerig. </p><p>Kanada maak aanspraak op die Arktiese Argipel, maar veral die Verenigde State het die soewereiniteit van sy noordelike buurland ná die ontdekking van olievelde naby die Prudhoebaai van Alaska in 1968 betwis. Vanweë die hoë koste wat aan lugvervoer vir die benodigde boorgereedskap of die bou van pypleidings vir die vervoer van <a href="/wiki/Ru-olie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ru-olie">ru-olie</a> verbonde sou wees, het die Amerikaanse oliemaatskappy <i>Humble Oil Company</i> uit Houston (Texas) in die somer van 1969 probeer om met die tenkskip <i>S.S. Manhattan</i>, wat tot 'n ysbreker omgebou is, deur die Noordwesdeurvaart te navigeer. Weens die onbruikbaarheid van kompasse digby die magnetiese noordpool het die <i>Manhattan</i> met behulp van satelliete navigeer. </p><p>Met hul navigasie deur die Noordwesdeurvaart het die Amerikaners Kanada se aanspraak op die soewereiniteit oor die seestraat betwis en dit as internasionale waters beskou. Hierdeur is 'n presedent vir die gebruik van die seeroete deur ander lande se skepe en duikbote, veral Sowjet-skepe, geskep, wat destyds ook 'n groter bedreiging vir Noord-Amerika ingehou het as die Sowjetunie se interkontinentale <a href="/wiki/Missiele" class="mw-redirect" title="Missiele">missiele</a>. Twaalf Kanadese parlementslede het na Resolute op die Arktiese Cornwallis-eiland gevlieg om in die lig van die <i>Manhattan</i>-insident Kanada se aanspraak op die gebied en seeroete te bevestig. </p><p>In die somer van <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a> het 'n Russiese navorser met sy duikboot die oseaanbodem bereik en hier op 'n diepte van 4 261 meter die Russiese vlag gehys – moontlik hoop ook lande soos die Russiese Federasie dat hulle 'n rol by die ontginning van die ryk Arktiese ruolie- en aardgasvelde sal kan speel wat volgens beramings sowat 'n kwart van die wêreldwye reserwes behels. Ook Groenland, 'n selfregerende Deense gebied, maak amptelik aanspraak op sowat 1,2 miljoen vierkante kilometer van die Noordpoolgebied. </p><p>Die Kanadese eerste minister, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, het kort na hierdie gebeure in die Noord-Kanadese dorp Iqaluit aangekondig dat Kanada die eerste diepseehawe, 'n nuwe militêre basis in die gebied en 'n opleidingsentrum vir wintergevegte aan die mees noordelike punt van Baffin-eiland, sal bou. Vir die diepseehawe in Nanisivik sal die plaaslike lood- en sinkmyne se hawe uitgebou en dieper gemaak word, sodat Kanada se nuwe Arktiese patrollieskepe hier kan aandoen. Naas die bou van die opleidingsentrum in Resolute sal ook Inuïet-patrollies Kanada se aanspraak op die gebied bevestig. </p><p>As gevolg van <a href="/wiki/Aardverwarming" title="Aardverwarming">aardverwarming</a> word daar verwag dat die Noordwesdeurvaart in 2050 as 'n seestraat tussen die Stille en Atlantiese Oseane dwarsdeur die jaar vir skepe toeganklik sal wees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Omgewing">Omgewing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Omgewing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Omgewing"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoewel daar gemeen word dat die Arktiese gebied ongeskonde en skoon is, is <a href="/wiki/Besoedeling" title="Besoedeling">besoedeling</a> uit aanliggende gebiede soos die hoogs-geïndustrialiseerde Europa 'n toenemende probleem.<sup id="cite_ref-scholastic_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scholastic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aanvanklik is gemeen dat Arktiese besoedeling grootliks as gevolg van chemiese lekkasies plaasvind en dat dit klein en plaaslik is. Die konsensus is egter nou dat besoedeling van oor die wêreld deur riviere, seestrome en atmosferiese sirkulasie noord gedryf word. Die verminderde sonlig, uitgebreide ysbedekking en lae temperatuur beteken dat smetstowwe baie stadiger afbreek as in warmer klimate.<sup id="cite_ref-scholastic_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scholastic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In die <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>'s het vlieëniers misbande begin waarneem wat nou as die "Arktiese mis" of "Arktiese waas" bekend staan. Teen <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a> is teorieë voorgestel wat die oorsprong van die waas terugspoor na besoedeling wat ver van die Arktiese gebied veroorsaak word. Die besoedelde lug is nou 'n bekende kenmerk van die laat-winter in die Arktiese gebied. Dit blyk dat die lug al hoe meer besoedel word soos besoedeling van <a href="/wiki/Fossielbrandstof" title="Fossielbrandstof">fossielbrandstof</a>, versmelting en ander nywerheidsaktiwiteit in die digte koue lug in die donker Arktiese <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a> opbou. Voorvalle van bruin of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swart_sneeu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swart sneeu (bladsy bestaan nie)">swart sneeu</a> is teruggespoor na woestyne en landbougebiede in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>. </p><p>Smelting van die arktiese ysbedekking word nou op sowat 9% per dekade gereken.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teen die tempo sal standhoudende ys oor 'n paar dekades reeds in die <a href="/wiki/21ste_eeu" title="21ste eeu">21ste eeu</a> verdwyn. 'n Vermindering in die oppervlak wat deur seeys bedek word sal 'n impak hê op die planeet se weerkaatsingsvermoë of albedo, wat moontlik 'n invloed op aardverwarming sou hê. Die ligte kleur van die Arktiese Oseaan-ys het 'n hoë weerkaatsingsvermoë wat help om <a href="/wiki/Sonlig" title="Sonlig">sonligenergie</a> van die aarde af weg te weerkaats en dus as 'n natuurlike lugversorger vir die aarde optree. 'n Vermindering in ys kan dus lei tot 'n versnelling in aardverwarming.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenpeace_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenpeace-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die grootste vermindering in seeys het tot dusver in die Barentzs-see, Kara-see en Oos-Siberiese seë noord van Rusland plaasgevind, sowel as in die <a href="/wiki/See_van_Ochotsk" title="See van Ochotsk">See van Ochotsk</a> noordwes van Japan in die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a>. Seeys het terselfdertyd in die Davis-seestraat en die Labrador-see tussen Kanada en Groenland merkbaar toegeneem. Die verwarming van meer as 0,5 grade Celsius per dekade oor die afgelope dertig jaar oor die landmassas in <a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Siberië">Siberië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Westelike Kanada</a>, gekoppel met 'n swakker verkoelingsneiging in westelike <a href="/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland">Groenland</a> en die Labrador-see, is oënskynlik een van die twee hooffaktore in die verandering in seeys verspreiding. Die ander hooffaktor is 'n groot verandering in die Arktiese lugsirkulasiepatrone. Gemiddelde seevlak lugdruk het oor die sentrale Arktiese Oseaan begin val, met gepaardgaande vermeerdering in storms. As gevolg van die veranderings kan betreklik warm lente- en somerlugmassas van die Arktiese kus diep in die Arktiese Oseaan indring wat lei tot smelting van die ys.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenpeace_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenpeace-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wetenskaplikes is tans bekommerd dat die stygende temperatuur in die Arktiese gebied kan veroorsaak dat groot hoeveelhede vars Arktiese Oseaan smeltwater in die <a href="/wiki/Atlantiese_Oseaan" title="Atlantiese Oseaan">Noordelike Atlantiese Oseaan</a> kan invloei wat moontlik die wêreldwye seestroompatrone kan versteur, wat aansienlike veranderinge in die Aarde se klimaat tot gevolg kan hê. Die gemiddelde temperatuur in die arktiese gebied styg tans teen 1,2 grade Celsius per jaar.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ysbeer" title="Ysbeer">Ysbere</a> is afhanklik van seeys vir hulle oorlewing word slegs in en om die Arktiese Oseaan aangetref. Ysbere verloor gewig soos hulle jagvelde krimp as gevolg van die smelt van seeys en dit moeiliker word om <a href="/wiki/Rob" title="Rob">robbe</a> te jag. Die wêreldwye ysbeerbevolking het tussen <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> en <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> met 14% gedaal.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ander bedreigings wat ysbere moet trotseer sluit in besoedeling, wettige en onwettige jag en versteurings as gevolg van nywerheidsaktiwiteite.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blywende organiese besmetting deur stowwe soos <a href="/wiki/Polichloor-bifeniele" title="Polichloor-bifeniele">PCB</a>'s en <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> wat in koue ekostelsels in hoë konsentrasies vergader lei tot verlaagde geboortesyfers onder ysbere wat as 'n indikatorspesie in die Arktiese gebied gesien word as gevolg van die spesie se posisie bo-aan die voedselketting.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daar word gevrees dat ysbere in die <a href="/wiki/21ste_eeu" title="21ste eeu">21ste eeu</a> kan uitsterf en dat wetgewing benodig word om die diere te beskerm.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die ontginning van gas en olie in die Arktiese Oseaan bring 'n nuwe bedreiging tot die ekologie in die gebied. Bo en behalwe vir die impak wat verdere gebruik van fossielbrandstof op aardverwarming het, verteenwoordig die projekte groot gevare vir die plaaslike omgewing vir die delikate en ongerepte Arktiese omgewing. Tevore het die ongunstige weersomstandighede in die Arktiese Oseaan en die geweldig krag van die bewegende ysbedekking verhoed dat olie- en gasbronne daar ontgin word en veroorsaak dit dat ontdekking en veral produksie uiters gevaarlik sal wees. Een van die eerste pogings om Arktiese olie te ontgin is deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=BP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BP (bladsy bestaan nie)">BP</a> begin met die oprig van die <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northstar_(olieprojek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northstar (olieprojek) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Northstar</a></i>-projek. Die projek word omtrent ses myl noord van Punt Storkersen in die Beaufort-see wes van Prudhoe-baai opgerig deur 'n bestaande gruiseiland, Seal-eiland, te vergroot. Die oliepyplyn wat warm olie van die oliemyn sal wegvoer word in onstabiele ysgrond 2 m tot 3 m onder die seebodem begrawe. Daar word gevrees dat soliede en los stukke ys wat die gebied vir tot tien maande van die jaar bedek 'n hoë risiko van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliestorting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliestorting (bladsy bestaan nie)">oliestortings</a> verteenwoordig en sal opruimingsoperasies bemoeilik of onmoontlik maak. Die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Amerikaanse</a> regering raam dat die waarskynlikheid van 'n groot oliestorting so hoog soos een in vier is.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bedreigde marinespesies sluit die <a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">walrusse</a> en <a href="/wiki/Walvis" title="Walvis">walvisse</a> in. Die reeds bedreigde walvisbevolking loop verdere gevaar van oliestortings. In die verband is daar veral kommer oor <a href="/wiki/Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell">Shell</a> se planne vir 'n olie en gas projek in die verre ooste van Rusland. Dit sou baie moeilik wees om op oliestortings in die gebied te reageer waar golwe in die lente en winter gereeld vyf keer hoër is as vlakke waaronder huidige opruimings- en herwinningsmetodes gebruik kan word. Daar is ook 'n beduidende moontlikheid dat onherwinde olie die voedselvelde van die laaste bekende bevolking van westelike gryswalvis kan besoedel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aardverwarming bedreig ook die Arktiese voëllewe. Klimaatmodelle voorspel probleme met beide habitatverlies en belemmering van broeivermoë. Soos die klimaat verwarm sal die boomgrens verder noord beweeg en woude die <a href="/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra">toendra</a> vervang waar miljoene watervoëls broei.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die delikate <a href="/wiki/Ekostelsel" title="Ekostelsel">ekostelsel</a> van die Arktiese Oseaan verander stadig en herstel stadig wanneer dit versteur of beskadig word. Die poolysmassa is besig om dunner te word as gevolg van aardverwarming. Daar is ook 'n seisoenale gat in die <a href="/wiki/Osoonlaag" title="Osoonlaag">osoonlaag</a> bo die <a href="/wiki/Noordpool" title="Noordpool">Noordpool</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pidwirny-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pidwirny_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Pidwirny2006" class="citation web cs1">Michael Pidwirny (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html">"Introduction to the Oceans"</a>. <i>www.physicalgeography.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613083937/http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 Junie 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">7 Desember</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.physicalgeography.net&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+Oceans&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Michael+Pidwirny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physicalgeography.net%2Ffundamentals%2F8o.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AArktiese+Oseaan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Matthias Tomczak, J. Stuart Godfrey. <i>Regional Oceanography: an Introduction.</i> 2003. Delhi: Daya Publishing House. Tweede Uitgawe. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/8170353068" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-7035-306-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD/Lomo/OM2001AagaardWoodgate.pdf">Some Thoughts on the Freezing and Melting of Sea Ice and Their Effects on the Ocean</a> K. Aagaard en R. A. Woodgate, Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington, Januarie 2001. Besoek op 7 Desember 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mariana-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mariana_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mariana_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> The Mariana Trench <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.marianatrench.com/mariana_trench-oceanography.htm">[1]</a> The Mariana Trench – Oceanography, besoek op 12 Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4354036.stm#map">[2]</a> The Arctic's New Gold Rush – BBC</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scholastic-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-scholastic_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-scholastic_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Scholastic <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://teacher.scholastic.com/researchtools/articlearchives/arctic/arctcpol.htm">[3]</a> Arctic Pollution. Besoek op 13 Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/Perrenial_Sea_Ice.html">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060407034624/http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/Perrenial_Sea_Ice.html">Geargiveer</a> 7 April 2006 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Arctic Perennial Sea Ice Could Be Gone by End of the Century. Besoek op 13 Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenpeace-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenpeace_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenpeace_8-1">8,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archive.greenpeace.org/climate/arctic99/reports/seaice3.html">[5]</a> Climate Change and Arctic Sea Ice, besoek op 13 Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> PlanetArk <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/36003/story.htm">[6]</a> Greenpeace Arctic Mission to Spotlight Polar Bears. Besoek op 13 Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Polar Bears International <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.polarbearsinternational.org/faq/">[7]</a> Polar Bear FAQ. Besoek op 13 Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archive.greenpeace.org/climate/arctic99/reports/wildlife.html">[8]</a> The Threat of Climate Change to Arctic Wildlife, besoek op 13 Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Center for Biological Diversity <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/species/polarbear/index.html">[9]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060810044917/http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/species/polarbear/index.html">Geargiveer</a> 10 Augustus 2006 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Endangered Species Act Listing Process for Polar Bears Underway. Besoek op 13 Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archive.greenpeace.org/climate/arctic99/html/content/northstarsummary.html">[10]</a> Northstar Campaign Summary, besoek op 13 Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a href="/wiki/WWF" class="mw-redirect" title="WWF">WWF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.panda.org/news_facts/newsroom/index.cfm?uNewsID=67420">[11]</a> Shell poses unacceptable oil spill threat. Besoek op 13 Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/696981.stm">[12]</a> Climate change 'threatens Arctic birds', besoek op 13 Mei 2006</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Neatby, Leslie H., <i>Discovery in Russian and Siberian Waters</i> 1973 <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0821401246" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8214-0124-6</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Ray, L., and Stonehouse, B., eds., <i>The Arctic Ocean</i> 1982 <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0333310179" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-333-31017-9</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Thorén, Ragnar V. A., <i>Picture Atlas of the Arctic</i> 1969 <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0821401246" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8214-0124-6</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Teks in die publieke domein deur die VS se <i>Naval Oceanographer</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oceanographer.navy.mil/arctic.html">oceanographer.navy.mil</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020409094325/http://oceanographer.navy.mil/arctic.html">Geargiveer</a> 9 April 2002 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Matthias Tomczak and J. Stuart Godfrey. 2003. <i>Regional Oceanography: an Introduction</i>. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/8170353068" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-7035-306-8</a> (sien <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/regoc/">die webwerf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630202249/http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/regoc/">Geargiveer</a> 30 Junie 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Politieke geskille</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunshiporg.homestead.com/manhattan.html"><i>The S.S. Manhattan & the Northwest Passage</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF6/639.html">Alaska Science Forum, 19 Desember 1983: <i>Voyage of the Manhattan</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050213143119/http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF6/639.html">Geargiveer</a> 13 Februarie 2005 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Agence France Press (AFP), 11 Augustus 2007</li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Hofmeister, Burkhard: <i>Fischer Länderkunde: Nordamerika</i>. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag 1980, bl. 280-281</li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Keating, Bern Sennett, Tomas: <i>Through the Northwest Passage for Oil</i>. In: National Geographic Magazine, Volume 137, Nommer 3, Maart 1970</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arktiese_Oseaan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arctic_Ocean" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Arctic Ocean">Arktiese Oseaan</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Islands_of_the_Arctic_Ocean">Eilande van die Arktiese Oseaan</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic-Ocean">"Arctic Ocean"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">10 Junie</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arctic+Ocean&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FArctic-Ocean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AArktiese+Oseaan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/arctic-ocean-and-canada">"Arctic Ocean and Canada"</a>. The Canadian Encyclopedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">10 Junie</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arctic+Ocean+and+Canada&rft.pub=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Farctic-ocean-and-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AArktiese+Oseaan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:khaki;">Gebiede van die Wêreld </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="52%"> <table align="center" style="padding-left:6%; padding-right:2%; background:transparent;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <td width="56px"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Location_of_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Location_of_Africa.svg/60px-Location_of_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Location_of_Africa.svg/90px-Location_of_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Location_of_Africa.svg/120px-Location_of_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="299" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="64px"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Noord-Afrika" title="Noord-Afrika">Noord</a> (<a href="/wiki/Midde-Ooste" title="Midde-Ooste">Midde-Ooste</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sub-Sahara_Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Sahara Afrika">Suid van die Sahara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Afrika" title="Sentraal-Afrika">Sentraal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Suider-Afrika" title="Suider-Afrika">Suider</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wes-Afrika" title="Wes-Afrika">Wes</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oos-Afrika" title="Oos-Afrika">Oos</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Location_of_America.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Location_of_America.svg/60px-Location_of_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Location_of_America.svg/90px-Location_of_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Location_of_America.svg/120px-Location_of_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="299" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Amerikas" title="Amerikas">Amerikas</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Amerika" title="Sentraal-Amerika">Sentraal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Karibiese_Gebied" class="mw-redirect" title="Karibiese Gebied">Karibiese Gebied</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Amerika" title="Suid-Amerika">Suid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Latyns-Amerika" title="Latyns-Amerika">Latyns</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Location_of_Asia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Location_of_Asia.svg/60px-Location_of_Asia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Location_of_Asia.svg/90px-Location_of_Asia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Location_of_Asia.svg/120px-Location_of_Asia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="299" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Asi%C3%AB" title="Sentraal-Asië">Sentraal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oos-Asi%C3%AB" title="Oos-Asië">Oos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Noord-Asi%C3%AB" title="Noord-Asië">Noord-Asië</a> (<a href="/wiki/Verre-Ooste" class="mw-redirect" title="Verre-Ooste">Verre-Ooste</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Asi%C3%AB" title="Suid-Asië">Suid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indiese_subkontinent" title="Indiese subkontinent">Indiese subkontinent</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Suidoos-Asi%C3%AB" title="Suidoos-Asië">Suidoos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Suidwes-Asi%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suidwes-Asië">Suidwes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Midde-Ooste" title="Midde-Ooste">Midde-Ooste</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wes-Asi%C3%AB" title="Wes-Asië">Wes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Location_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Location_of_Europe.svg/60px-Location_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Location_of_Europe.svg/90px-Location_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Location_of_Europe.svg/120px-Location_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="299" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Europa" title="Sentraal-Europa">Sentraal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Noord-Europa" title="Noord-Europa">Noord</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Europa" title="Suid-Europa">Suid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wes-Europa" title="Wes-Europa">Wes</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Oos-Europa" title="Oos-Europa">Oos</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table align="center" style="padding-right:4%; background:transparent;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <td width="56px"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LocationOceania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/60px-LocationOceania.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/90px-LocationOceania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/120px-LocationOceania.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="64px"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Oseani%C3%AB" title="Oseanië">Oseanië</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Australasi%C3%AB" title="Australasië">Australasië</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(kontinent)" title="Australië (kontinent)">Australië</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Seeland_(kontinent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seeland (kontinent)">Seeland</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Melanesi%C3%AB" title="Melanesië">Melanesië</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Mikronesi%C3%AB" title="Mikronesië">Mikronesië</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Polinesi%C3%AB" title="Polinesië">Polinesië</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LocationPolarRegions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/60px-LocationPolarRegions.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/90px-LocationPolarRegions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/120px-LocationPolarRegions.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Poolgebiede</b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Noordpoolgebied" title="Noordpoolgebied">Noordpoolgebied</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktika</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LocationOceans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/60px-LocationOceans.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/90px-LocationOceans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/120px-LocationOceans.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Oseaan" title="Oseaan">Oseane</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arktiese</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Atlantiese_Oseaan" title="Atlantiese Oseaan">Atlantiese</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Indiese_Oseaan" title="Indiese Oseaan">Indiese</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Suidelike_Oseaan" title="Suidelike Oseaan">Suidelike</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:LocationOceans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/60px-LocationOceans.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/90px-LocationOceans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/120px-LocationOceans.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/See" title="See">Seë</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/See" title="See">Oorsig van Seë</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i>Sien ook <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Kontinente" title="Sjabloon:Kontinente">Kontinente van die wêreld</a></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Die_aarde_se_oseane_en_seë" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Waterliggame_van_die_w%C3%AAreld" title="Sjabloon:Waterliggame van die wêreld"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Waterliggame_van_die_w%C3%AAreld" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Waterliggame van die wêreld"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Waterliggame_van_die_w%C3%AAreld&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Die_aarde_se_oseane_en_seë" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Die <a href="/wiki/Aarde" title="Aarde">aarde</a> se <a href="/wiki/Oseaan" title="Oseaan">oseane</a> en <a href="/wiki/See" title="See">seë</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arktiese Oseaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Barentssee" title="Barentssee">Barentssee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Beaufortsee" title="Beaufortsee">Beaufortsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Amundsen" title="Golf van Amundsen">Golf van Amundsen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Groenlandsee" title="Groenlandsee">Groenlandsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karasee" title="Karasee">Karasee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laptefsee" title="Laptefsee">Laptefsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lincolnsee" title="Lincolnsee">Lincolnsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oos-Siberiese_See" title="Oos-Siberiese See">Oos-Siberiese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Petsjorasee" title="Petsjorasee">Petsjorasee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tsjoekotkasee" title="Tsjoekotkasee">Tsjoekotkasee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wandelsee" title="Wandelsee">Wandelsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Witsee" title="Witsee">Witsee</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantiese_Oseaan" title="Atlantiese Oseaan">Atlantiese Oseaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adriatiese_See" title="Adriatiese See">Adriatiese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alboransee" title="Alboransee">Alboransee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baffinbaai" title="Baffinbaai">Baffinbaai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baleariese_See" title="Baleariese See">Baleariese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Botniese_Golf" title="Botniese Golf">Botniese Golf</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ege%C3%AFese_See" title="Egeïese See">Egeïese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Engelse_Kanaal" title="Engelse Kanaal">Engelse Kanaal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Finse_Golf" title="Finse Golf">Finse Golf</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Biskaje" title="Golf van Biskaje">Golf van Biskaje</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Guinee" title="Golf van Guinee">Golf van Guinee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Lion" title="Golf van Lion">Golf van Lion</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Meksiko" title="Golf van Meksiko">Golf van Meksiko</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Sint-Laurens" title="Golf van Sint-Laurens">Golf van Sint-Laurens</a> • <a href="/wiki/Groenlandsee" title="Groenlandsee">Groenlandsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hudsonbaai" title="Hudsonbaai">Hudsonbaai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ierse_See" title="Ierse See">Ierse See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ioniese_See" title="Ioniese See">Ioniese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kantabriese_See" title="Kantabriese See">Kantabriese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karibiese_See" title="Karibiese See">Karibiese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Keltiese_See" title="Keltiese See">Keltiese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Labradorsee" title="Labradorsee">Labradorsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liguriese_See" title="Liguriese See">Liguriese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Middellandse See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noordsee" title="Noordsee">Noordsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noorse_See" title="Noorse See">Noorse See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oossee" title="Oossee">Oossee</a> • <a href="/wiki/See_van_Azof" title="See van Azof">See van Azof</a> • <a href="/wiki/See_van_Marmara" title="See van Marmara">See van Marmara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Swartsee" title="Swartsee">Swartsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tirreense_See" title="Tirreense See">Tirreense See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Waddesee" title="Waddesee">Waddesee</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indiese_Oseaan" title="Indiese Oseaan">Indiese Oseaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Andamanse_See" title="Andamanse See">Andamanse See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_See" title="Arabiese See">Arabiese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Floressee" title="Floressee">Floressee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Aden" title="Golf van Aden">Golf van Aden</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Akaba" title="Golf van Akaba">Golf van Akaba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Bengale" title="Golf van Bengale">Golf van Bengale</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Oman" title="Golf van Oman">Golf van Oman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Suez" title="Golf van Suez">Golf van Suez</a> • <a href="/wiki/Groot_Australiese_Baai" title="Groot Australiese Baai">Groot Australiese Baai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Javasee" title="Javasee">Javasee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mosambiekkanaal" title="Mosambiekkanaal">Mosambiekkanaal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Persiese_Golf" title="Persiese Golf">Persiese Golf</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rooisee" title="Rooisee">Rooisee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Timorsee" title="Timorsee">Timorsee</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arafurasee" title="Arafurasee">Arafurasee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bandasee" title="Bandasee">Bandasee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Balisee" title="Balisee">Balisee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Beringsee" title="Beringsee">Beringsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bismarcksee" title="Bismarcksee">Bismarcksee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Celebessee" title="Celebessee">Celebessee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Filippynse_See" title="Filippynse See">Filippynse See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Geelsee" title="Geelsee">Geelsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Alaska" title="Golf van Alaska">Golf van Alaska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Carpentaria" title="Golf van Carpentaria">Golf van Carpentaria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Golf van Kalifornië">Golf van Kalifornië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Thailand" title="Golf van Thailand">Golf van Thailand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Tonkin" title="Golf van Tonkin">Golf van Tonkin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Halmaherasee" title="Halmaherasee">Halmaherasee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Koraalsee" title="Koraalsee">Koraalsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Korosee" title="Korosee">Korosee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Molukkesee" title="Molukkesee">Molukkesee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oos-Chinese_See" title="Oos-Chinese See">Oos-Chinese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Salomonssee" title="Salomonssee">Salomonssee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Savusee" title="Savusee">Savusee</a> • <a href="/wiki/See_van_Japan" title="See van Japan">See van Japan</a> • <a href="/wiki/See_van_Ochotsk" title="See van Ochotsk">See van Ochotsk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seramsee" title="Seramsee">Seramsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Chinese_See" title="Suid-Chinese See">Suid-Chinese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sulusee" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulusee">Sulusee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tasmansee" title="Tasmansee">Tasmansee</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suidelike_Oseaan" title="Suidelike Oseaan">Suidelike Oseaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amundsensee" title="Amundsensee">Amundsensee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bellingshausensee" title="Bellingshausensee">Bellingshausensee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rosssee" title="Rosssee">Rosssee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Scotiasee" title="Scotiasee">Scotiasee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Weddellsee" title="Weddellsee">Weddellsee</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endore%C3%AFse_bekken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endoreïse bekken (bladsy bestaan nie)">Endoreïse bekken</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aralmeer" title="Aralmeer">Aralmeer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dooie_See" title="Dooie See">Dooie See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kaspiese_See" title="Kaspiese See">Kaspiese See</a> • <a href="/wiki/Meer_van_Tiberias" title="Meer van Tiberias">Meer van Tiberias</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saltonmeer" title="Saltonmeer">Saltonmeer</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX457434">XX457434</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152898754">cb152898754</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152898754">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4042569-1">4042569-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85006951">sh85006951</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/a4e12761-141c-4b67-8403-1f5172b9cba7">a4e12761-141c-4b67-8403-1f5172b9cba7</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10038060">10038060</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" 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