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vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Eastern wars subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Eastern_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polish–Ukrainian_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish–Ukrainian_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Polish–Ukrainian war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish–Ukrainian_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish–Soviet_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish–Soviet_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Polish–Soviet war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish–Soviet_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_government_and_in_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_government_and_in_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 In government and in opposition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_government_and_in_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister_in_exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister_in_exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Prime Minister in exile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister_in_exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Katyn_revelation_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katyn_revelation_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Katyn revelation and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katyn_revelation_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remembrance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remembrance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Remembrance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remembrance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Death controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Honours and awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Other sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Władysław Sikorski</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" > 45 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="فلاديسلاف سيكورسكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلاديسلاف سيكورسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Уладзіслаў Сікорскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уладзіслаў Сікорскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Уладзіслаў Сікорскі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Уладзіслаў Сікорскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Владислав Шикорски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Владислав Шикорски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CF%86_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Βουαντίσουαφ Σικόρσκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουαντίσουαφ Σικόρσκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ووادیسواف سیکورسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ووادیسواف سیکورسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EC%99%80%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%ED%94%84_%EC%8B%9C%EC%BD%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="브와디스와프 시코르스키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브와디스와프 시코르스키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE_%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Վլադիսլավ Սիկորսկի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վլադիսլավ Սիկորսկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99" title="ולדיסלב שיקורסקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ולדיסלב שיקורסקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Сикорский Владислав – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сикорский Владислав" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislavs_Sikorskis" title="Vladislavs Sikorskis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vladislavs Sikorskis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="فلاديسلاف سيكورسكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلاديسلاف سيكورسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Владислав Сикорски – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Владислав Сикорски" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%83%AF%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD" title="ヴワディスワフ・シコルスキ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴワディスワフ・シコルスキ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Władysław Sikorski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;">General</div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Władysław Sikorski</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wladyslaw_Sikorski_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wladyslaw_Sikorski_2.jpg/220px-Wladyslaw_Sikorski_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wladyslaw_Sikorski_2.jpg/330px-Wladyslaw_Sikorski_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wladyslaw_Sikorski_2.jpg/440px-Wladyslaw_Sikorski_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3569" data-file-height="4404" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Sikorski, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1942</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Prime Minister of Poland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In exile 30 September 1939 – 4 July 1943</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Raczkiewicz" title="Władysław Raczkiewicz">Władysław Raczkiewicz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Felicjan_S%C5%82awoj_Sk%C5%82adkowski" title="Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski">Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski</a> (in-country)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Miko%C5%82ajczyk" title="Stanisław Mikołajczyk">Stanisław Mikołajczyk</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 16 December 1922 – 26 May 1923</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maciej_Rataj" title="Maciej Rataj">Maciej Rataj</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acting_President_of_Poland" title="Acting President of Poland">acting</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Wojciechowski" title="Stanisław Wojciechowski">Stanisław Wojciechowski</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Nowak" title="Julian Nowak">Julian Nowak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Wincenty Witos</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/General_Inspector_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="General Inspector of the Armed Forces">General Inspector of the Armed Forces</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 7 November 1939 – 4 July 1943</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Władysław Raczkiewicz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_%C5%9Amig%C5%82y-Rydz" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Śmigły-Rydz">Edward Śmigły-Rydz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Sosnkowski" title="Kazimierz Sosnkowski">Kazimierz Sosnkowski</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski</div> (1881-05-20)20 May 1881 <a href="/wiki/Tusz%C3%B3w_Narodowy" title="Tuszów Narodowy">Tuszów Narodowy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> (now Poland)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 July 1943(1943-07-04) (aged 62) near <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1943_Gibraltar_Liberator_AL523_crash" title="1943 Gibraltar Liberator AL523 crash">Aircraft crash</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Sikorska_(1888%E2%80%931972)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helena Sikorska (1888–1972) (page does not exist)">Helena Zubczewska</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Sikorska_(1888%E2%80%931972)" class="extiw" title="pl:Helena Sikorska (1888–1972)">pl</a>]</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1909)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zofia_Le%C5%9Bniowska" title="Zofia Leśniowska">Zofia Leśniowska</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Soldier, statesman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Honours_and_awards">See list below</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Władysław Sikorski's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Signature.svg/128px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Signature.svg/192px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Signature.svg/256px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="54" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> Second Polish Republic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_(Klein).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png/15px-Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png/23px-Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png/30px-Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="707" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" title="Austro-Hungarian Army">Austro-Hungarian Army</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Orze%C5%82ek_legionowy.svg/10px-Orze%C5%82ek_legionowy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Orze%C5%82ek_legionowy.svg/16px-Orze%C5%82ek_legionowy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Orze%C5%82ek_legionowy.svg/21px-Orze%C5%82ek_legionowy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="1054" /> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Legions_in_World_War_I" title="Polish Legions in World War I">Polish Legions</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Orze%C5%82ek_II_RP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Orze%C5%82ek_II_RP.svg/15px-Orze%C5%82ek_II_RP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Orze%C5%82ek_II_RP.svg/23px-Orze%C5%82ek_II_RP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Orze%C5%82ek_II_RP.svg/30px-Orze%C5%82ek_II_RP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1043" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_(Second_Polish_Republic)" title="Polish Armed Forces (Second Polish Republic)">Polish Army</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1914–1928</li><li>1939–1943</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">Lieutenant general</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/9th_Infantry_Division_(Poland)" title="9th Infantry Division (Poland)">9th Infantry Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1920)">Battle of Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lw%C3%B3w_(1920)" title="Battle of Lwów (1920)">Battle of Lwów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Niemen_River" title="Battle of the Niemen River">Battle of Niemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Polish pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[vwaˈdɨswaf ɕiˈkɔrskʲi]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b5\/Pl-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski.ogg\/Pl-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-W\u0142adys\u0142aw Sikorski.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Pl-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski.ogg/Pl-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski.ogg" title="File:Pl-Władysław Sikorski.ogg">ⓘ</a>; 20 May 1881 – 4 July 1943) was a <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> military and political leader. Before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Sikorski established and participated in several underground organizations that promoted the cause of Polish independence. He fought with distinction in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Legions_in_World_War_I" title="Polish Legions in World War I">Polish Legions</a> during World War I, and later in the newly created <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_(Second_Polish_Republic)" title="Polish Armed Forces (Second Polish Republic)">Polish Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> of 1919–1921. In the latter war, he played a prominent role in the decisive 1920 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1920)">Battle of Warsaw</a>. In the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a>, Sikorski held government posts including <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">prime minister</a> (1922–1923) and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Military_Affairs_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Military Affairs of Poland">minister of military affairs</a> (1923–1924). Following <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a>'s <a href="/wiki/May_Coup_(Poland)" title="May Coup (Poland)">May 1926 Coup</a> and the installation of the <a href="/wiki/Sanation" title="Sanation">Sanation</a> government, he fell out of favor with the new régime. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Sikorski became prime minister of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Government-in-Exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Government-in-Exile">Polish Government-in-Exile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_(Second_Polish_Republic)" title="Polish Armed Forces (Second Polish Republic)">Polish Armed Forces</a>, and a vigorous advocate of the Polish cause in the diplomatic sphere. He supported the reestablishment of diplomatic relations between Poland and the Soviet Union, which had been severed after the September 1939 <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a>. (Subsequently, in April 1943, Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> broke off Soviet-Polish diplomatic relations after Sikorski asked the <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="International Red Cross">International Red Cross</a> to investigate the <a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyn massacres</a>. In July 1943 a plane carrying Sikorski <a href="/wiki/1943_Gibraltar_Liberator_AL523_crash" title="1943 Gibraltar Liberator AL523 crash">plunged into the sea</a> immediately on takeoff from <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, killing all on board except the pilot. The exact circumstances of Sikorski's death have been disputed and have given rise to <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%27s_death_controversy" title="Władysław Sikorski's death controversy">various theories</a> surrounding the crash. Sikorski had been the most prestigious leader of the Polish exiles, and his death was a severe setback for the Polish cause. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_World_War_I">Early life and World War I</h2></div> Sikorski was born in <a href="/wiki/Tusz%C3%B3w_Narodowy" title="Tuszów Narodowy">Tuszów Narodowy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Central_Europe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia (Central Europe)">Galicia</a>, at the time part of the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb468-1">[1]</a> He was the third child in his family; his father was Tomasz Sikorski, a school teacher; his mother was Emilia Habrowska.<a href="#cite_note-psb468-1">[1]</a> His grandfather, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomasz_Kopaszyna_Sikorski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomasz Kopaszyna Sikorski (page does not exist)">Tomasz Kopaszyna Sikorski</a>, had fought and been wounded at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Olszynka_Grochowska" title="Battle of Olszynka Grochowska">Battle of Olszynka Grochowska</a> in the <a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a>, during which he received the <a href="/wiki/Virtuti_Militari" title="Virtuti Militari">Virtuti Militari</a> medal.<a href="#cite_note-Terlecki1976-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Sikorski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Young_Sikorski.jpg/170px-Young_Sikorski.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Young_Sikorski.jpg/255px-Young_Sikorski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Young_Sikorski.jpg/340px-Young_Sikorski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Sikorski in his youth</figcaption></figure> Sikorski attended the <a href="/wiki/Gimnazjum" class="mw-redirect" title="Gimnazjum">gimnazjum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Konarski%27s_High_School_in_Rzesz%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Konarski's High School in Rzeszów">Konarski's High School in Rzeszów</a>) from 1893 to 1897, then transferred for a year to a Rzeszów teachers' college.<a href="#cite_note-psb468-1">[1]</a> In 1899 he attended the <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lwów</a> Franciszek Józef <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">Gymnasium</a>, and in 1902 he passed his <a href="/wiki/Matura" title="Matura">final high school exam</a> there.<a href="#cite_note-psb468-1">[1]</a> Starting that year, young Sikorski studied engineering at the <a href="/wiki/Politechnika_Lwowska" class="mw-redirect" title="Politechnika Lwowska">Lwów Polytechnic</a>, specializing in road and bridge construction, and graduated in 1908 with a diploma in <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_engineering" title="Hydraulic engineering">hydraulic engineering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb468-1">[1]</a> In 1906 Sikorski volunteered for a year's service in the Austro-Hungarian army and attended the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austrian_Military_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austrian Military School (page does not exist)">Austrian Military School</a>, obtaining an <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer's</a> diploma and becoming an army reserve <a href="/wiki/Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> (podporucznik rezerwy).<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a> In 1909 he married <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helena_Sikorska_(1888%E2%80%931972)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helena Sikorska (1888–1972) (page does not exist)">Helena Zubczewska</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Sikorska_(1888%E2%80%931972)" class="extiw" title="pl:Helena Sikorska (1888–1972)">pl</a>], whom he met while at the high school in Lwów.<a href="#cite_note-psb468-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> In 1912 they had a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Zofia_Le%C5%9Bniowska" title="Zofia Leśniowska">Zofia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> After graduation he lived in <a href="/wiki/Le%C5%BCajsk" title="Leżajsk">Leżajsk</a> and worked for the Galician administration's hydraulic engineering department, working on the regulation of the <a href="/wiki/San_(river)" title="San (river)">San</a> river, and later was involved in private enterprises related to construction, real estate and the petroleum trade.<a href="#cite_note-psb468-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> During his studies at the Polytechnic, Sikorski became involved in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_School_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People's School Association (page does not exist)">People's School Association</a> (Towarzystwo Szkoły Ludowej), an organization dedicated to spreading literacy among the rural populace.<a href="#cite_note-psb468-1">[1]</a> Around 1904–1905 he was briefly involved with the <a href="/wiki/Endecja" class="mw-redirect" title="Endecja">endecja</a> <a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Polish_Youth_%22Zet%22" title="Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"">Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"</a>, and then drifted towards paramilitary <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> organizations related to the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party" title="Polish Socialist Party">Polish Socialist Party</a>, which was intent on securing Polish independence.<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a> He made contact with the socialist movement around 1905–1906 through the Union for the Resurrection of the Polish Nation (Związek Odrodzenia Narodu Polskiego).<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a> In 1908, in Lwów, Sikorski—together with <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marian_Kukiel" title="Marian Kukiel">Marian Kukiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walery_S%C5%82awek" title="Walery Sławek">Walery Sławek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Sosnkowski" title="Kazimierz Sosnkowski">Kazimierz Sosnkowski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Witold_Jodko-Narkiewicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Witold Jodko-Narkiewicz (page does not exist)">Witold Jodko-Narkiewicz</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witold_Jodko-Narkiewicz" class="extiw" title="pl:Witold Jodko-Narkiewicz">pl</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Minkiewicz" title="Henryk Minkiewicz">Henryk Minkiewicz</a>—organized the secret <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Active_Struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Union for Active Struggle">Union for Active Struggle</a> (Związek Walki Czynnej), with the aim of bringing about an uprising against the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, one of Poland's three <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">partitioners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> In 1910, likewise in Lwów, Sikorski helped to organize a <a href="/wiki/Riflemen%27s_Association" title="Riflemen's Association">Riflemen's Association</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zek_Strzelecki" class="mw-redirect" title="Związek Strzelecki">Związek Strzelecki</a>), became the president of its Lwów chapter, and became responsible for the military arm within the <a href="/wiki/Commission_of_Confederated_Independence_Parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission of Confederated Independence Parties">Commission of Confederated Independence Parties</a> (Komisja Skonfederowanych Stronnictw Niepodległościowych, KSSN).<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> Having a military education, he lectured other activists on <a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">military tactics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a> Upon the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> in July 1914, Sikorski was mobilized, but through KSSN influence he was allowed to participate in the organizing of the Polish military units, rather than being delegated to other duties by the Austro-Hungarian military command.<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a> In the first few weeks of the war he became the chief of the Military Department in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_National_Committee" title="Supreme National Committee">Supreme National Committee</a> (Naczelny Komitet Narodowy, NKN) and remained in this post until 1916.<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a> He was a commissioner in charge of the recruitment to the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Legions_in_World_War_I" title="Polish Legions in World War I">Polish Legions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, choosing this role over the opportunity to serve in the Legions as a frontline commander.<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb470-6">[6]</a> On 30 September 1914 he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Podpu%C5%82kownik" class="mw-redirect" title="Podpułkownik">podpułkownik</a> (lieutenant colonel), and soon after that he became the commander of a Legions <a href="/wiki/Podchor%C4%85%C5%BCy" class="mw-redirect" title="Podchorąży">officer</a> school (Szkoła Podchorążych).<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> The Legions—the army created by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a> to liberate Poland from <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> and, ultimately, Austro-Hungarian and German rule—initially fought in alliance with Austria-Hungary against Russia. From August 1915 there was growing tension between Sikorski, who advocated cooperation with Austria-Hungary, and Piłsudski, who felt that Austria-Hungary and Germany had betrayed the trust of the Polish people.<a href="#cite_note-psb469-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb470-6">[6]</a> In 1916 Piłsudski actively campaigned to have the Military Department of NKN disbanded.<a href="#cite_note-psb470-6">[6]</a> In July that year, Sikorski was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%82kownik" class="mw-redirect" title="Pułkownik">pułkownik</a> (colonel).<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_5th_November" title="Act of 5th November">Act of 5th November</a> (1916), Sikorski became involved with the Legions' alternatives, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Auxiliary_Corps" title="Polish Auxiliary Corps">Polish Auxiliary Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polnische_Wehrmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Polnische Wehrmacht">Polnische Wehrmacht</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb470-6">[6]</a> In June 1917 Piłsudski refused Austro-Hungarian orders to swear loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a> Emperor (the "<a href="/wiki/Oath_crisis" title="Oath crisis">oath crisis</a>") and was interned at the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>, while Sikorski abandoned Polnische Wehrmacht and returned to the Austro-Hungarian Army.<a href="#cite_note-psb470-6">[6]</a> In 1918, however, following the February <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rara%C5%84cza" title="Battle of Rarańcza">battle of Rarańcza</a>, Sikorski chose belatedly to side with Piłsudski, announcing solidarity with his actions, protesting against the planned separation of <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m_Land" title="Chełm Land">Chełm Land</a> from the planned Polish state, and thus soon joined Piłsudski in internment (he would be held in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dulfalva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dulfalva (page does not exist)">Dulfalva</a> (Dulovo)).<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb470-6">[6]</a> Nonetheless, this was not enough to smooth the differences between him and Piłsudski, and these two major Polish leaders would drift farther apart in the continuing years.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eastern_wars">Eastern wars</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polish–Ukrainian_war">Polish–Ukrainian war</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorski_1918.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Sikorski_1918.JPG" decoding="async" width="136" height="264" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>Sikorski in 1918</figcaption></figure> In 1918 the Russian, Austro-Hungarian and German empires collapsed, and Poland once again became independent, but the borders of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> were not fully determined and were unstable. In the east they would be formed in the escalating conflicts among Polish, Ukrainian, Lithuanian and Soviet forces in what culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921).<a href="#cite_note-Piotrowski2007-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> commented: "The war of giants had ended, the wars of the pygmies began."<a href="#cite_note-AHP-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> leaders saw Poland as a bridge that the <a href="/wiki/Communist_revolution" title="Communist revolution">communist revolution</a> would have to force to bring communism to the West, and Poland's very existence would soon be at stake.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boettke1990-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polish–Soviet_war">Polish–Soviet war</h3></div> After his release from internment, from 1 May 1918 Sikorski worked for the <a href="/wiki/Regency_Council_(Poland)" title="Regency Council (Poland)">Regency Council</a>, organizing the new <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_(Second_Polish_Republic)" title="Polish Armed Forces (Second Polish Republic)">Polish Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb470-6">[6]</a> He was soon at the frontlines again, this time in the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a>, where troops under his command secured and defended <a href="/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Przemyśl">Przemyśl</a> in October–November 1918.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb470-6">[6]</a> Polish independence came in November 1918 with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Republic of Poland">Second Republic of Poland</a>. In the course of the Polish–Ukrainian War, and in the opening phase of the Polish–Soviet War, Sikorski, now a high-ranking officer of the Polish Army was involved in further operations in the Galicia region. In January 1919 he commanded troops defending <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B3dek_Jagiello%C5%84ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Gródek Jagielloński">Gródek Jagielloński</a>; in March that year he commanded an infantry division, advancing to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stawczany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stawczany (page does not exist)">Stawczany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zbrucz" class="mw-redirect" title="Zbrucz">Zbrucz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb470-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> From 1 August 1918 Sikorski commanded the <a href="/wiki/Polesie_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Polesie Group">Polesie Group</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Polish_9th_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish 9th Infantry Division">Polish 9th Infantry Division</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> In order to curtail excesses of the forces under his command, he oversaw trials of 36 officers.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> His forces took <a href="/wiki/Mozyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozyr">Mozyr</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalenkowicze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalenkowicze (page does not exist)">Kalenkowicze</a> in March 1920, and he would command the Polesie Group during Poland's <a href="/wiki/Kiev_offensive_(1920)" title="Kiev offensive (1920)">Kiev offensive</a> in April 1920, advancing to the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a> River and the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl" title="Chernobyl">Chernobyl</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> On 1 April that year he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Genera%C5%82_brygady" class="mw-redirect" title="Generał brygady">brigade general</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> As the Polish–Soviet War grew in intensity, in late April 1920 the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> of Russia's new <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> regime pushed back Polish forces and invaded Poland.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> Subsequently, Sikorski successfully defended Mozyr and Kalenkowicze until 29 June, but later failed to hold the <a href="/wiki/Brest,_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brest</a> fortress, although he defended it long enough to allow the Polish forces in the region to retreat in an orderly manner.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> On 6 August he was named the commander of the newly formed <a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Polish_Army_(1920)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Polish Army (1920) (page does not exist)">Polish 5th Army</a>, which was tasked with holding the front to the north of <a href="/wiki/Modlin_(Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Mazowiecki)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modlin (Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki)">Modlin</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Narew" title="Narew">Narew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wkra" title="Wkra">Wkra</a> rivers.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> He distinguished himself commanding the 5th Army on the Lower Vistula front during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1920)">Battle of Warsaw</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> At that time Soviet forces, expecting an easy final victory, were surprised and crippled by the Polish counter-attack. During that battle (sometimes referred to as "the Miracle at the Vistula") Sikorski stopped the Bolshevik advance north of <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and gave Piłsudski, the Polish commander-in-chief, the time he needed for his counter-offensive; beginning with the 15 August his forces successfully engaged the <a href="/wiki/5th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="5th Army (RSFSR)">Soviet 5th</a> and <a href="/wiki/15th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="15th Army (RSFSR)">15th Armies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> After the Battle of Warsaw, from 30 August, Sikorski commanded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Polish_Army_(1920)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Polish Army (1920) (page does not exist)">3rd Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> His forces took <a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%84sk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pińsk">Pińsk</a>, and fought during the latter stages of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lw%C3%B3w_(1920)" title="Battle of Lwów (1920)">Battle of Lwów</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Komar%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Komarów">Battle of Zamość</a>, and then after <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Niemen_River" title="Battle of the Niemen River">Battle of Niemen</a> advanced with his forces toward <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> and deep into <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> The Poles defeated the Soviets, and the Polish–Soviet <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Riga" title="Treaty of Riga">Treaty of Riga</a> (March 1921) gave Poland substantial areas of Belarus and Ukraine's (<a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Kresy</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> Sikorski's fame was enhanced as he became known to the Polish public as one of the heroes of the Polish–Soviet War. He also kept publishing military science articles during the war itself.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> For his valorous achievements Sikorski was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Divisional_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisional General">divisional general</a> on 28 February 1921, and was awarded Poland's highest military decoration, the order of <a href="/wiki/Virtuti_Militari" title="Virtuti Militari">Virtuti Militari</a>, on 15 March that year.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_government_and_in_opposition">In government and in opposition</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski,_1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%2C_1923.jpg/170px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%2C_1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%2C_1923.jpg/255px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%2C_1923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%2C_1923.jpg/340px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%2C_1923.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1141" /></a><figcaption>Sikorski in 1923</figcaption></figure> Despite their differences, Piłsudski praised Sikorski in his reports, recommending him for <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the General Staff (Poland)">Chief of the General Staff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of war">minister of war</a> positions; only generals <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Sosnkowski" title="Kazimierz Sosnkowski">Kazimierz Sosnkowski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Rydz-%C5%9Amig%C5%82y" title="Edward Rydz-Śmigły">Edward Rydz-Śmigły</a> received better evaluations from him.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> Sikorski was popular among many soldiers, and in politics, particularly appealing to Polish conservatives and liberals.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> On 1 April 1921 Sikorski replaced General <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Rozwadowski" title="Tadeusz Rozwadowski">Tadeusz Rozwadowski</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the General Staff (Poland)">chief of the Polish General Staff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> Between 1922 and 1925 he held a number of high government offices. Based on his analysis, the Polish <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Poland)" title="Council of Ministers (Poland)">Council of Ministers</a> adopted new foreign policy that would remain roughly unchanged until the late 1930s (preserving the status quo in Europe, and treating Germany and Russia as equal potential threats).<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> On 12 December 1922 he issued a general order, stressing the need for the military to stay out of politics.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> After the assassination of <a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">President of Poland</a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Narutowicz" title="Gabriel Narutowicz">Gabriel Narutowicz</a> on 16 December 1922, the <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Sejm" title="Marshal of the Sejm">Marshal of the Sejm</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> being the Polish parliament), <a href="/wiki/Maciej_Rataj" title="Maciej Rataj">Maciej Rataj</a>, appointed Sikorski prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> From 18 December 1922, to 26 May 1923, Sikorski served as prime minister and also as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior (Poland)">minister of internal affairs</a>, and was even considered as possible president.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> During his brief tenure as prime minister, he became popular with the Polish public and carried out essential reforms in addition to guiding the country's foreign policy in a direction that gained the approval and cooperation of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> and tightened <a href="/wiki/Franco-Polish_Military_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Polish Military Alliance">Polish-French cooperation</a>. He obtained recognition of Poland's eastern frontiers from the UK, France, and the United States during the Conference of Ambassadors on 15 March 1923.<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> He aided Treasury Minister <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Grabski" title="Władysław Grabski">Władysław Grabski</a>'s reforms aimied at curtailing inflation and reforming the currency and supported ethnic minorities.<a href="#cite_note-psb471-10">[10]</a> His government nonetheless lost support in the Sejm and resigned on 26 May 1923.<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorski_i_Foch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Sikorski_i_Foch.jpg/220px-Sikorski_i_Foch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Sikorski_i_Foch.jpg/330px-Sikorski_i_Foch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Sikorski_i_Foch.jpg/440px-Sikorski_i_Foch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Sikorski with <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">Marshal of France</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch" title="Ferdinand Foch">Ferdinand Foch</a> (1923)</figcaption></figure> From 30 September 1923 to 1924 he held the post of chief inspector of infantry (Generalny Inspektor Piechoty).<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> From 17 February 1924 to 1925, under Prime Minister Grabski, he was <a href="/wiki/Polish_Ministry_of_Military_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Ministry of Military Affairs">minister of military affairs</a> and guided the modernization of the Polish military; he also created the <a href="/wiki/Korpus_Ochrony_Pogranicza" class="mw-redirect" title="Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza">Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> He worked actively to promote the cause of the <a href="/wiki/Polish-French_military_alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-French military alliance">Polish-French military alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> His proposal to increase the powers of the minister of military affairs while reducing those of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Inspector_of_the_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Inspector of the Armed Forces">Chief Inspector of the Armed Forces</a> met with sharp disapproval from Piłsudski, who at that time was gathering many opponents of the current government.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> From 1925 to 1928 Sikorski commanded Military Corps District (Okręg Korpusu) VI in <a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów">Lwów</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> A democrat and supporter of the Sejm, Sikorski declared his opposition to Józef Piłsudski's <a href="/wiki/May_Coup_(Poland)" title="May Coup (Poland)">May 1926 coup d'état</a>;<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> he remained in Lwów, refused to dispatch his forces, and played no substantive role in the short struggle.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> In 1928 he was relieved by Piłsudski of his command, and while he remained on active service, he received no other posting.<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> That year also saw the publication of his book on the Polish–Soviet War, Nad Wisłą i Wkrą. Studium do polsko–radzieckiej wojny 1920 roku (At the Vistula and Wkra Rivers: a Contribution to the Study of the Polish–Soviet War of 1920).<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> He would spend the following years publishing works on military theory, history, and foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a> His most famous work was his 1934 book Przyszła wojna – jej możliwości i charakter oraz związane z nimi zagadnienia obrony kraju ("War in the Future: Its Possibilities and Character and Associated Questions of National Defense", published in English in 1943 as Modern Warfare: Its Character, Its Problems), in which he predicted the return of <a href="/wiki/Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">maneuver warfare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb472-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a> He wrote several other books and many articles, foreseeing, among other things, the rapid <a href="/wiki/Militarization" title="Militarization">militarization</a> of Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> In due course, soon after he was relieved of command, and as a semi-dictatorial <a href="/wiki/Sanation" title="Sanation">Sanation</a> regime was established, Sikorski joined the anti-Piłsudski opposition.<a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a> Sikorski largely withdrew from active politics, spending much of his time in Paris, France, working with the French <a href="/wiki/Ecole_Superieure_de_Guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecole Superieure de Guerre">Ecole Superieure de Guerre</a> (war college). Even after the death of Piłsudski in 1935, he was still marginalized, politically and militarily, by Piłsudski's successors.<a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a> In February the following year, together with several prominent Polish politicians (<a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Wincenty Witos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Paderewski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignacy Paderewski">Ignacy Paderewski</a>, and General <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Haller" title="Józef Haller">Józef Haller</a>) he joined the <a href="/wiki/Front_Morges" title="Front Morges">Front Morges</a>, an anti-<a href="/wiki/Sanation" title="Sanation">Sanation</a>] political grouping.<a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_Minister_in_exile">Prime Minister in exile</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorski_Kukiel_WSC_Raczyns_1940s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Sikorski_Kukiel_WSC_Raczyns_1940s.jpg/260px-Sikorski_Kukiel_WSC_Raczyns_1940s.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Sikorski_Kukiel_WSC_Raczyns_1940s.jpg/390px-Sikorski_Kukiel_WSC_Raczyns_1940s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Sikorski_Kukiel_WSC_Raczyns_1940s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="215" /></a><figcaption>Sikorski (left) with Polish General <a href="/wiki/Marian_Kukiel" title="Marian Kukiel">Marian Kukiel</a>, Clementine and <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, and Polish ambassador Count <a href="/wiki/Edward_Raczy%C5%84ski_(1891%E2%80%931993)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Raczyński (1891–1993)">Edward Raczyński</a></figcaption></figure> In the days before <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Poland was invaded by Germany</a> in September 1939, and during the invasion itself, Sikorski's request for a military command continued to be denied by the Polish commander in chief, Marshal <a href="/wiki/Edward_Rydz-%C5%9Amig%C5%82y" title="Edward Rydz-Śmigły">Edward Rydz-Śmigły</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a> Sikorski escaped through Romania to Paris, where on 28 September he joined <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Raczkiewicz" title="Władysław Raczkiewicz">Władysław Raczkiewicz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Miko%C5%82ajczyk" title="Stanisław Mikołajczyk">Stanisław Mikołajczyk</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Polish_government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish government in exile">Polish government-in-exile</a>, taking command of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Armed Forces in France">Polish Armed Forces in France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a> Two days later, on 30 September, president Raczkiewicz called him to serve as the first Polish prime minister in exile.<a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mikolajczyk7-13">[13]</a> On 7 November he became commander in chief and <a href="/wiki/General_Inspector_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="General Inspector of the Armed Forces">General Inspector of the Armed Forces</a> (Naczelny Wódz i Generalny Inspektor Sił Zbrojnych), following Rydz-Śmigły's resignation.<a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a> Sikorski would also hold the position of Polish Minister of Military Affairs, thus uniting in his person all control over the Polish military in wartime.<a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a> During his years as prime minister in exile, Sikorski personified the hopes and dreams of millions of Poles, as reflected in the saying, "When the sun is higher, Sikorski is nearer" (Polish: "Gdy słoneczko wyżej, to Sikorski bliżej").<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a> At the same time, from early on he had to work to reconcile the pro- and anti-Piłsudskiite factions.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> His government was recognized by the western Allies. Nonetheless, Sikorski's government struggled to get its point of view heard by France and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> The western Allies refused to recognize the Soviet Union as an aggressor, despite the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland_(1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)">Soviet invasion of Poland</a> on 17 September 1939.<a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> Furthermore, he struggled to secure resources needed to recreate the Polish Army in exile.<a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> Poland, even with its territories occupied, still commanded substantial armed forces: the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Navy" title="Polish Navy">Polish Navy</a> had sailed to Britain just before the war's outbreak,<a href="#cite_note-Hempel2005-15">[15]</a> and thousands of Polish soldiers and airmen had evacuated from overrun Poland via Hungry and Romania. A new Polish Army was soon <a href="/wiki/Sikorski%27s_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorski's Army">re-formed in France</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">French-mandated Syria</a>; and a Polish Air Force, in France.<a href="#cite_note-Gretzyngier1998-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dallas2005-17">[17]</a> In addition, Poland had <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">a large resistance movement</a>, and Sikorski's policies included founding the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Armed_Struggle" title="Union of Armed Struggle">Union of Armed Struggle</a> (Związek Walki Zbrojnej), later transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army</a> (Armia Krajowa), and creation of an agency, the <a href="/wiki/Government_Delegation_for_Poland" title="Government Delegation for Poland">Government Delegation for Poland</a> to supervise the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a> in <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied Poland">occupied Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb473-12">[12]</a> In 1940 the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Highland_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Highland Brigade">Polish Highland Brigade</a> took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narvik" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Narvik">Battle of Narvik</a> in Norway, and two Polish <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a> participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">defense of France</a>, while a Polish motorized <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> and two infantry divisions were in process of forming.<a href="#cite_note-Koskodan2009-18">[18]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Polish_Independent_Carpathian_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade">Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade</a> was created in French-mandated Syria.<a href="#cite_note-Hempel2005-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Forces_in_France_and_Great_Britain" title="Polish Air Forces in France and Great Britain">Polish Air Force in France</a> had 86 aircraft with one and a half of the squadrons fully operational, and the remaining two and a half in various stages of training.<a href="#cite_note-Hempel2005-15">[15]</a> Although many Polish personnel had died in the fighting or had been interned in Switzerland following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of France">fall of France</a>, General Sikorski refused French Marshal <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a>'s proposal of a Polish capitulation to Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> On 19 June 1940, Sikorski met with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and promised that Polish forces would fight alongside the British until final victory.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> Sikorski and his government moved to London and were able to evacuate many Polish troops to Britain. After the signing of a Polish-British Military Agreement on 5 August 1940, they proceeded to build up and train the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_in_the_West" title="Polish Armed Forces in the West">Polish Armed Forces in the West</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> Experienced Polish pilots took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Polish_303_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish 303 Fighter Squadron">Polish 303 Fighter Squadron</a> achieved the highest number of kills of any Allied squadron.<a href="#cite_note-Zaloga1982-15-19">[19]</a> Sikorski's Polish forces would form one of the most significant Allied contingents.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_anone">[a]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorski_McNaughton_Churchill_de_Gaulle_C064027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sikorski_McNaughton_Churchill_de_Gaulle_C064027.jpg/220px-Sikorski_McNaughton_Churchill_de_Gaulle_C064027.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sikorski_McNaughton_Churchill_de_Gaulle_C064027.jpg/330px-Sikorski_McNaughton_Churchill_de_Gaulle_C064027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sikorski_McNaughton_Churchill_de_Gaulle_C064027.jpg/440px-Sikorski_McNaughton_Churchill_de_Gaulle_C064027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Sikorski (left) with <a href="/wiki/Andrew_McNaughton" title="Andrew McNaughton">Andrew McNaughton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anders,Sikorski,Stalin_w_Kujbyszewie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Anders%2CSikorski%2CStalin_w_Kujbyszewie.jpg/220px-Anders%2CSikorski%2CStalin_w_Kujbyszewie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Anders%2CSikorski%2CStalin_w_Kujbyszewie.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="241" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Anders" title="Władysław Anders">Władysław Anders</a> and Sikorski with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1941)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of France">Fall of France</a> weakened Sikorski's position, and his proposal to consider building a new Polish army in the Soviet-occupied territories led to much criticism from within the Polish community in exile.<a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> On 19 July Raczkiewicz dismissed him from his position as the prime minister, replacing him with <a href="/wiki/August_Zaleski" title="August Zaleski">August Zaleski</a>; however, within days pressure from Sikorski's sympathizers, including the British government, made Raczkiewicz reconsider his decision, and Sikorski was reinstated as the prime minister on 25 July.<a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> One of Sikorski's political goals was the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzymorze" class="mw-redirect" title="Międzymorze">Central and Eastern European federation</a>, starting with the <a href="/wiki/Polish-Czechoslovakian_confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Czechoslovakian confederation">Polish-Czechoslovakian confederation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lipgens1985-20">[20]</a> He saw such an organization as necessary if smaller states were to stand up to traditional German and Russian imperialism.<a href="#cite_note-Wandycz1980-21">[21]</a> That concept, although ultimately futile, gained some traction around that time, as Sikorski and <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Czechoslovak government-in-exile</a>, signed an agreement declaring the intent to pursue closer cooperation on 10 November that year.<a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> On 24 December 1940 Sikorski was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Genera%C5%82_broni" title="Generał broni">generał broni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> In March 1941 he visited the United States; he would visit the US again in March and December 1942.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">German invasion of the Soviet Union</a> ("Operation Barbarossa") in June 1941, Sikorski opened negotiations with the Soviet ambassador to London, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Maisky" title="Ivan Maisky">Ivan Maisky</a>, to re-establish diplomatic relations between Poland and the Soviet Union, which had been broken off after the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939.<a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> In December that year, Sikorski went to Moscow with a <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">diplomatic mission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> The Polish Government reached an agreement with the Soviet Union (the <a href="/wiki/Sikorski-Maisky_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorski-Maisky Pact">Sikorski-Maisky Pact</a> of 17 August 1941), confirmed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> in December of that year. Stalin agreed to invalidate the September 1939 Soviet-German partition of Poland, declare the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Russo-German Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939</a> null and void, and release tens of thousands of Polish prisoners-of-war held in Soviet camps.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> Pursuant to an agreement between the Polish government-in-exile and Stalin, the Soviets granted "amnesty" to many Polish citizens, from whom a new army (the <a href="/wiki/Polish_II_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish II Corps">Polish II Corps</a>) was formed under General <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Anders" title="Władysław Anders">Władysław Anders</a> and later evacuated to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, where Britain faced a dire shortage of military forces.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> The whereabouts of thousands more Polish officers, however, would remain unknown for two more years, and this would weigh heavily on both Polish–Soviet relations and on Sikorski's fate.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> Initially, Sikorski supported the Polish–Soviet rapprochement, which reignited criticism of his person from some Polish factions.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> Nonetheless, Sikorski soon realized that the Soviet Union had plans for Polish territories, which would be unacceptable to Polish public.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> The Soviets began their diplomatic offensive after their first major military victory in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a>, and intensified this policy after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">battle of Stalingrad</a>, showing less and less regard for their deals with Poland.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-psb474-14">[14]</a> In January 1942 British diplomat <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Stafford Cripps</a> informed General Sikorski that while Stalin planned to extend Polish borders to the west, by giving Poland Germany's <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>, he also wanted to considerably push Poland's eastern frontier westwards, along the lines of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Versailles</a> concept of the <a href="/wiki/Curzon_Line" title="Curzon Line">Curzon Line</a>, and acquire Lwów and <a href="/wiki/Wilno" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilno">Wilno</a>, if not both.<a href="#cite_note-CiencialaLebedeva2007-22">[22]</a> Sikorksi's stance on eastern borders was not inflexible; he noted in some documents that some concessions might be acceptable, however, giving up both Lwów and Wilno was not.<a href="#cite_note-CiencialaLebedeva2007-22">[22]</a> Initially he also referred to plans of annexing German land to the Oder as megalomania.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Katyn_revelation_and_death">Katyn revelation and death</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyn massacre</a> and <a href="/wiki/1943_B-24_crash_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="1943 B-24 crash in Gibraltar">1943 B-24 crash in Gibraltar</a></div> In 1943 the fragile relations between the Soviet Union and the Polish government-in-exile finally reached their breaking point when, on 13 April, the Germans announced via the <a href="/wiki/Katyn_Commission" title="Katyn Commission">Katyn Commission</a> the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">bodies of 20,000 Polish officers</a> who had been murdered by the Soviets and buried in Katyn Forest, near <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, Russia.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> Stalin claimed that the atrocity had been carried out by the Germans,<a href="#cite_note-Zawodny-24">[24]</a> while Nazi propaganda orchestrated by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> successfully exploited the <a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyn massacre</a> to drive a wedge between Poland, the Western Allies and the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-Goebbels-25">[25]</a> Moscow did not acknowledge responsibility for this and similar massacres of Polish officers until 1989.<a href="#cite_note-bbc161204-26">[26]</a> When Sikorski refused to accept the Soviet explanation and requested an investigation by the <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="International Red Cross">International Red Cross</a> on 16 April, the Soviets accused the government-in-exile of cooperating with Nazi Germany and broke off diplomatic relations on 25 April.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> Beginning in late May 1943, Sikorski began visiting Polish forces stationed in the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> In addition to inspecting the forces and raising morale, Sikorski was also occupied with political matters; around that time, a conflict was growing between him and General <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Anders" title="Władysław Anders">Władysław Anders</a>, as Sikorski was still open to some normalization of Polish–Soviet relations, to which Anders was vehemently opposed.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> On 4 July 1943, while Sikorski was returning from an inspection of Polish forces in the Middle East, he was killed, together with his daughter, his <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_staff_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of staff (politics)">chief of staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Klimecki" title="Tadeusz Klimecki">Tadeusz Klimecki</a>, and seven others, when his plane, a <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">Liberator II</a>, serial AL523, crashed into the sea 16 seconds after takeoff from <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar Airport">Gibraltar Airport</a> at 23:07 hours.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kisielewski2005-27">[27]</a> The crash was attributed to cargo on the plane shifting to the back upon takeoff.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Only the pilot, <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Prchal" title="Eduard Prchal">Eduard Prchal</a> (1911–1984), survived the crash.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funeral_of_General_Sikorski,_Plymouth_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Funeral_of_General_Sikorski%2C_Plymouth_1943.jpg/260px-Funeral_of_General_Sikorski%2C_Plymouth_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Funeral_of_General_Sikorski%2C_Plymouth_1943.jpg/390px-Funeral_of_General_Sikorski%2C_Plymouth_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Funeral_of_General_Sikorski%2C_Plymouth_1943.jpg/520px-Funeral_of_General_Sikorski%2C_Plymouth_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1223" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>Sikorski's funeral</figcaption></figure> Sikorski was buried in a brick-lined grave at the Polish War Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Newark-on-Trent" title="Newark-on-Trent">Newark-on-Trent</a>, England, on 16 July that year.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> Winston Churchill delivered a eulogy at his funeral.<a href="#cite_note-Peszke2005-102-29">[29]</a> On 14 September 1993, his remains were exhumed and transferred via Polish Air Force <a href="/wiki/TU-154" class="mw-redirect" title="TU-154">TU-154</a>M, and escorted by RAF 56 Sqn <a href="/wiki/Tornado_F3" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado F3">Tornado F3</a> jets, to the royal crypts at <a href="/wiki/Wawel_Castle" title="Wawel Castle">Wawel Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, Poland.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> Immediately after the crash, a Polish officer who had witnessed the event from the airstrip began sobbing quietly and repeating: "Now Poland is lost! Now Poland is lost!" ("To Polska stracona!")<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> General Sikorski's death marked a turning point for Polish influence amongst the Anglo-American allies. No Pole after him would have much sway with the Allied politicians.<a href="#cite_note-Stanczyk-30">[30]</a> Sikorski had been the most prestigious leader of the Polish exiles and his death was a severe setback for the Polish cause.<a href="#cite_note-Stanczyk-30">[30]</a> After the Soviets had broken off diplomatic relations with Sikorski's government in April 1943, in May and June Stalin had recalled several Soviet ambassadors for "consultations": <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Litvinov" title="Maxim Litvinov">Maxim Litvinov</a> from Washington, <a href="/wiki/Fedor_Tarasovich_Gusev" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedor Tarasovich Gusev">Fyodor Gusev</a> from Montreal,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Maisky" title="Ivan Maisky">Ivan Maisky</a> from London. While Churchill had been publicly supportive of Sikorski's government, reminding Stalin of his pact with Nazi Germany in 1939 and of their joint attack on Poland, in secret consultations with Roosevelt he admitted that Poland would have to make some concessions to appease the powerful Soviets. The Polish–Soviet crisis was beginning to threaten cooperation between the western Allies and the Soviets at a time when the Poles' importance to the western Allies, essential in the first years of the war, was beginning to fade with the entry, into the conflict, of the military and industrial giants, the Soviet Union and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Stanczyk-30">[30]</a> The Allies had no intention of letting Sikorski's successor, <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Miko%C5%82ajczyk" title="Stanisław Mikołajczyk">Stanisław Mikołajczyk</a>, jeopardize the alliance with the Soviets. No representative of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Polish government-in-exile</a> was invited to attend the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (28 November – 1 December 1943) or the <a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (4–11 February 1945), the two crucial events in which the Western Allies and the Soviets discussed the shape of the postwar world and decided Poland's fate.<a href="#cite_note-Biskupski2000-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ostasz-32">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teheran_conference-1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Teheran_conference-1943.jpg/260px-Teheran_conference-1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Teheran_conference-1943.jpg/390px-Teheran_conference-1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Teheran_conference-1943.jpg/520px-Teheran_conference-1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5680" data-file-height="4544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teheran_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Teheran Conference">Teheran Conference</a>, 1943: <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></figcaption></figure> Only four months after Sikorski's death, in November 1943, at Tehran, Churchill and Roosevelt agreed with Stalin that the whole of Poland east of the <a href="/wiki/Curzon_Line" title="Curzon Line">Curzon Line</a> would be ceded to the Soviets.<a href="#cite_note-Biskupski2000-31">[31]</a> In Teheran, neither Churchill nor Roosevelt objected to Stalin's suggestion that the Polish government-in-exile in London did not represent Polish interests; as historian <a href="/wiki/Anita_J._Prazmowska" title="Anita J. Prazmowska">Anita Prażmowska</a> notes, "this spelled the end of that government's tenuous influence and raison d'être."<a href="#cite_note-Prażmowska1995-3-33">[33]</a> After the Teheran Conference, Stalin decided to create his own <a href="/wiki/Puppet_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet government">puppet government</a> for Poland, and a <a href="/wiki/Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation" title="Polish Committee of National Liberation">Committee of National Liberation</a> (the PKWN) was proclaimed in the summer of 1944.<a href="#cite_note-Biskupski2000-31">[31]</a> The Soviet Government recognized the Committee as the only legitimate authority in Poland and called Mikołajczyk's Government in London an "illegal and self-styled authority."<a href="#cite_note-Stachura2004-34">[34]</a> Mikołajczyk would serve as prime minister's until 24 November 1944 when, realizing the increasing powerlessness of the Polish Government-in-Exile, he resigned and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Arciszewski" title="Tomasz Arciszewski">Tomasz Arciszewski</a>, "whose obscurity", according to historian <a href="/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_B._Biskupski" title="Mieczysław B. Biskupski">Mieczysław B. Biskupski</a>, "signaled the arrival of the government in exile at total inconsequentiality."<a href="#cite_note-Biskupski2000-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lerski1996-35">[35]</a> Stalin soon began a campaign for recognition by the Western Allies of a Soviet-backed Polish government led by <a href="/wiki/Wanda_Wasilewska" title="Wanda Wasilewska">Wanda Wasilewska</a>, a dedicated communist with a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet" title="Supreme Soviet">Supreme Soviet</a>; and with General <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Berling" title="Zygmunt Berling">Zygmunt Berling</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/First_Polish_Army_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="First Polish Army (1944–1945)">1st Polish Army</a> in Russia, as commander-in-chief of all <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_(Second_Polish_Republic)" title="Polish Armed Forces (Second Polish Republic)">Polish Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dean-36">[36]</a> By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsdam conference">Potsdam conference</a> in 1945, Poland had been relegated to the Soviet sphere of influence – an abandonment of the Polish Government-in-Exile that led to the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western-betrayal concept</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Trachtenberg1999-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Agar1957-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remembrance">Remembrance</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PL_-_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Monument_-_Rzesz%C3%B3w.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/PL_-_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Monument_-_Rzesz%C3%B3w.jpg/220px-PL_-_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Monument_-_Rzesz%C3%B3w.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/PL_-_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Monument_-_Rzesz%C3%B3w.jpg/330px-PL_-_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Monument_-_Rzesz%C3%B3w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/PL_-_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Monument_-_Rzesz%C3%B3w.jpg/440px-PL_-_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_Monument_-_Rzesz%C3%B3w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>Władysław Sikorski Monument in <a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a></figcaption></figure> A number of poems dedicated to Sikorski were written by Polish authors during the war.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> In its aftermath, in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Poland">People's Republic of Poland</a>, Sikorski's historic role, like that of all the adherents of the London government, would be minimized and distorted by <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>, and those loyal to the government-in-exile would be liable to imprisonment and even execution. In time, restrictions on discussing Sikorski began to ease; on a centennial anniversary of his birth in 1981, commemorative events were held on the <a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w_Voivodeship" title="Rzeszów Voivodeship">Rzeszów Voivodeship</a>, including an academic conference, and revealing of plaques in <a href="/wiki/Nisko" title="Nisko">Nisko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le%C5%BCajsk" title="Leżajsk">Leżajsk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryszard_Zieli%C5%84ski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryszard Zieliński (page does not exist)">Ryszard Zieliński</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard_Zieli%C5%84ski" class="extiw" title="pl:Ryszard Zieliński">pl</a>] published a novel on him, Wejście w mrok (1971), and in 1983 a movie, Katastrofa w Gibraltarze by Bohdan Poręba, was made.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> The Polish government-in-exile, of which Sikorski was the first prime minister, would continue in existence until the end of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Poland">communist rule in Poland</a> in 1990, when <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> became the first post-communist president of Poland.<a href="#cite_note-Economist0-39">[39]</a> On 17 September 1993 a statue of Sikorski, sculpted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wies%C5%82aw_Bielak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiesław Bielak (page does not exist)">Wiesław Bielak</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wies%C5%82aw_Bielak" class="extiw" title="pl:Wiesław Bielak">pl</a>], was revealed in <a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> In 1995, Sikorski became the patron of the newly formed Polish 9th Mechanized Brigade.<a href="#cite_note-Cięciara1998-40">[40]</a> In 2003, the Polish parliament (<a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a>) declared the year (60th anniversary of Sikorski's death) to be the "Year of General Sikorski".<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> A number of streets and schools in Poland bear Sikorski's name.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> Memory of General Sikorski was also preserved both in Poland and abroad, by organizations like the <a href="/wiki/Sikorski_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorski Institute">Sikorski Institute</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> In the UK, Sikorski received <a href="/wiki/Honoris_causa" class="mw-redirect" title="Honoris causa">honoris causa</a> degrees from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> In 1981, a commemorative plaque was revealed at Hotel Rubens in London,<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> where during the war Polish Military Headquarters, including Sikorski's office, were located.<a href="#cite_note-Peszke2005-41">[41]</a> He is commemorated in London's <a href="/wiki/Portland_Place" title="Portland Place">Portland Place</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Poland,_London" title="Embassy of Poland, London">Embassy of Poland</a>, with a larger than life statue, unveiled in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-Time_to_lay_the_hero's_ghost-42">[42]</a> A propeller from the plane in which he died is the centrepiece of a new <a href="/wiki/Sikorski_Memorial,_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorski Memorial, Gibraltar">memorial to Sikorski</a> at <a href="/wiki/Europa_Point" title="Europa Point">Europa Point</a>, Gibraltar.<a href="#cite_note-Gibnews-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_controversy">Death controversy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%27s_death_controversy" title="Władysław Sikorski's death controversy">Władysław Sikorski's death controversy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorski_plaque,_Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sikorski_plaque%2C_Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned.jpg/170px-Sikorski_plaque%2C_Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sikorski_plaque%2C_Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned.jpg/255px-Sikorski_plaque%2C_Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sikorski_plaque%2C_Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned.jpg/340px-Sikorski_plaque%2C_Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1035" /></a><figcaption>Plaque in memory of Sikorski at the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned" title="Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned">Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_General_Wladyslaw_Sikorski_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London,_June_2013_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Statue_of_General_Wladyslaw_Sikorski_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%285%29.jpg/170px-Statue_of_General_Wladyslaw_Sikorski_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Statue_of_General_Wladyslaw_Sikorski_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%285%29.jpg/255px-Statue_of_General_Wladyslaw_Sikorski_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Statue_of_General_Wladyslaw_Sikorski_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%285%29.jpg/340px-Statue_of_General_Wladyslaw_Sikorski_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="4504" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Sikorski, <a href="/wiki/Portland_Place" title="Portland Place">Portland Place</a>, London, erected 2000</figcaption></figure> A British Court of Inquiry convened on 7 July 1943, investigated the crash of Sikorski's <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">Liberator II</a> serial AL 523, but was unable to determine the cause, finding only that it was an accident and "due to jamming of elevator controls", noting that "it has not been possible to determine how the jamming occurred but it has been established that there was no sabotage.".<a href="#cite_note-Peszke2005-102-29">[29]</a> The Polish government refused to endorse this report, due to the contradiction about the cause not being determined but sabotage being ruled out.<a href="#cite_note-Peszke2005-103-44">[44]</a> The political context of the event, coupled with a variety of curious circumstances (for instance, the Soviet agent <a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a> was head of counter-intelligence for MI6 in Gibraltar at the time), immediately gave rise to numerous speculation that Sikorski's death had been no accident, and may have been the direct result of a Soviet, British, or even Polish <a href="/wiki/Cabal" title="Cabal">conspiracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stanczyk-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burnett2006-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-AtkinBiddiss2011-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Davies2008-47">[47]</a> Some modern sources note that the accident is not fully explained.<a href="#cite_note-Lerski1996-35">[35]</a> However, as <a href="/wiki/Roman_Wapi%C5%84ski" title="Roman Wapiński">Roman Wapiński</a> noted in his biographical entry on Sikorski in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Biographical_Dictionary" title="Polish Biographical Dictionary">Polish Biographical Dictionary</a> in 1997, no conclusive evidence of any wrongdoing has been found, and Sikorski's official cause of death is listed as an accident.<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a> In 2008 Sikorski was exhumed and his remains were examined by Polish scientists, who in 2009 concluded that he died due to injuries consistent with an air crash and that there was no evidence that Sikorski was murdered, ruling out theories that he was shot or strangled before the incident; however they did not rule out the possibility of sabotage, which was investigated by the Polish <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance" title="Institute of National Remembrance">Institute of National Remembrance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-tvn-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-gazeta-50">[50]</a> In 2013, the investigation ended, with the Institute of National Remembrance concluding that deliberate tampering to the aircraft could be neither confirmed nor ruled out.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PL_Wwa,_kosc_Krzyza_-_tablica_Sikorskiego,_2023.04.08,_fot_Ivonna_Nowicka_corr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PL_Wwa%2C_kosc_Krzyza_-_tablica_Sikorskiego%2C_2023.04.08%2C_fot_Ivonna_Nowicka_corr.jpg/220px-PL_Wwa%2C_kosc_Krzyza_-_tablica_Sikorskiego%2C_2023.04.08%2C_fot_Ivonna_Nowicka_corr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PL_Wwa%2C_kosc_Krzyza_-_tablica_Sikorskiego%2C_2023.04.08%2C_fot_Ivonna_Nowicka_corr.jpg/330px-PL_Wwa%2C_kosc_Krzyza_-_tablica_Sikorskiego%2C_2023.04.08%2C_fot_Ivonna_Nowicka_corr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PL_Wwa%2C_kosc_Krzyza_-_tablica_Sikorskiego%2C_2023.04.08%2C_fot_Ivonna_Nowicka_corr.jpg/440px-PL_Wwa%2C_kosc_Krzyza_-_tablica_Sikorskiego%2C_2023.04.08%2C_fot_Ivonna_Nowicka_corr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1889" data-file-height="2555" /></a><figcaption>Plaque to Sikorski in a <a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Church,_Warsaw" title="Holy Cross Church, Warsaw">church</a> in Warsaw inaugurated on the 1000th anniversary of the establishment of Poland - fot. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivonna_Nowicka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivonna Nowicka (page does not exist)">Ivonna Nowicka</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_pomnik.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_pomnik.JPG/260px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_pomnik.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_pomnik.JPG/390px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_pomnik.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_pomnik.JPG/520px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski_pomnik.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Seated sculpture of Sikorski as a young officer, <a href="/wiki/Inowroc%C5%82aw" title="Inowrocław">Inowrocław</a>, Poland</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR_(1921-1990).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR_%281921-1990%29.svg/70px-POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR_%281921-1990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR_%281921-1990%29.svg/105px-POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR_%281921-1990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR_%281921-1990%29.svg/140px-POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR_%281921-1990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Poland)" title="Order of the White Eagle (Poland)">Order of the White Eagle</a> (posthumously in 1943)<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Virtuti_Militari_Komandorski_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/POL_Virtuti_Militari_Komandorski_BAR.svg/70px-POL_Virtuti_Militari_Komandorski_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/POL_Virtuti_Militari_Komandorski_BAR.svg/105px-POL_Virtuti_Militari_Komandorski_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/POL_Virtuti_Militari_Komandorski_BAR.svg/140px-POL_Virtuti_Militari_Komandorski_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Virtuti_Militari" title="Virtuti Militari">Virtuti Militari</a> (1923)<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Virtuti_Militari_Srebrny_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/POL_Virtuti_Militari_Srebrny_BAR.svg/70px-POL_Virtuti_Militari_Srebrny_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/POL_Virtuti_Militari_Srebrny_BAR.svg/105px-POL_Virtuti_Militari_Srebrny_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/POL_Virtuti_Militari_Srebrny_BAR.svg/140px-POL_Virtuti_Militari_Srebrny_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Silver Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Virtuti_Militari" title="Virtuti Militari">Virtuti Militari</a> (1921)<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Polonia_Restituta_Wielki_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/POL_Polonia_Restituta_Wielki_BAR.svg/70px-POL_Polonia_Restituta_Wielki_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/POL_Polonia_Restituta_Wielki_BAR.svg/105px-POL_Polonia_Restituta_Wielki_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/POL_Polonia_Restituta_Wielki_BAR.svg/140px-POL_Polonia_Restituta_Wielki_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Polonia_Restituta" title="Order of Polonia Restituta">Order of Polonia Restituta</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Polonia_Restituta_Komandorski_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/POL_Polonia_Restituta_Komandorski_BAR.svg/70px-POL_Polonia_Restituta_Komandorski_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/POL_Polonia_Restituta_Komandorski_BAR.svg/105px-POL_Polonia_Restituta_Komandorski_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/POL_Polonia_Restituta_Komandorski_BAR.svg/140px-POL_Polonia_Restituta_Komandorski_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Order_Krzy%C5%BCa_Grunwaldu_1_Klasy_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/POL_Order_Krzy%C5%BCa_Grunwaldu_1_Klasy_BAR.svg/70px-POL_Order_Krzy%C5%BCa_Grunwaldu_1_Klasy_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/POL_Order_Krzy%C5%BCa_Grunwaldu_1_Klasy_BAR.svg/105px-POL_Order_Krzy%C5%BCa_Grunwaldu_1_Klasy_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/POL_Order_Krzy%C5%BCa_Grunwaldu_1_Klasy_BAR.svg/140px-POL_Order_Krzy%C5%BCa_Grunwaldu_1_Klasy_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Cross_of_Grunwald" title="Order of the Cross of Grunwald">Order of the Cross of Grunwald</a>, 1st class (posthumously in 1946 by the <a href="/wiki/State_National_Council" title="State National Council">State National Council</a>)<a href="#cite_note-sejm-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Walecznych_(1940)_4r_BAR.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Walecznych_%281940%29_4r_BAR.PNG/70px-POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Walecznych_%281940%29_4r_BAR.PNG" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Walecznych_%281940%29_4r_BAR.PNG/105px-POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Walecznych_%281940%29_4r_BAR.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Walecznych_%281940%29_4r_BAR.PNG/140px-POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Walecznych_%281940%29_4r_BAR.PNG 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Valour_(Poland)" title="Cross of Valour (Poland)">Cross of Valour</a>, four times<a href="#cite_note-psb475-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg/70px-POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg/105px-POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg/140px-POL_Z%C5%82oty_Krzy%C5%BC_Zas%C5%82ugi_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Merit_(Poland)" title="Cross of Merit (Poland)">Gold Cross of Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg/70px-POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg/105px-POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg/140px-POL_Krzy%C5%BC_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Independence" title="Cross of Independence">Cross of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Krzyz_Zaslugi_Wojsk_Litwy_Srodkowej_Ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Krzyz_Zaslugi_Wojsk_Litwy_Srodkowej_Ribbon.png/70px-Krzyz_Zaslugi_Wojsk_Litwy_Srodkowej_Ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Krzyz_Zaslugi_Wojsk_Litwy_Srodkowej_Ribbon.png/105px-Krzyz_Zaslugi_Wojsk_Litwy_Srodkowej_Ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Krzyz_Zaslugi_Wojsk_Litwy_Srodkowej_Ribbon.png/140px-Krzyz_Zaslugi_Wojsk_Litwy_Srodkowej_Ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Cross of Merit of the Central Lithuanian Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Medal_Pami%C4%85tkowy_Za_Wojn%C4%99_1918-1921_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/POL_Medal_Pami%C4%85tkowy_Za_Wojn%C4%99_1918-1921_BAR.svg/70px-POL_Medal_Pami%C4%85tkowy_Za_Wojn%C4%99_1918-1921_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/POL_Medal_Pami%C4%85tkowy_Za_Wojn%C4%99_1918-1921_BAR.svg/105px-POL_Medal_Pami%C4%85tkowy_Za_Wojn%C4%99_1918-1921_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/POL_Medal_Pami%C4%85tkowy_Za_Wojn%C4%99_1918-1921_BAR.svg/140px-POL_Medal_Pami%C4%85tkowy_Za_Wojn%C4%99_1918-1921_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Commemorative Medal for the War of 1918–1921</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Medal_10-lecia_Odzyskania_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/POL_Medal_10-lecia_Odzyskania_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg/70px-POL_Medal_10-lecia_Odzyskania_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/POL_Medal_10-lecia_Odzyskania_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg/105px-POL_Medal_10-lecia_Odzyskania_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/POL_Medal_10-lecia_Odzyskania_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg/140px-POL_Medal_10-lecia_Odzyskania_Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Medal of the Decade of Regained Independence</li></ul></li> <li>Other countries: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:AUT_KuK_Kriegsbande_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/AUT_KuK_Kriegsbande_BAR.svg/70px-AUT_KuK_Kriegsbande_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/AUT_KuK_Kriegsbande_BAR.svg/105px-AUT_KuK_Kriegsbande_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/AUT_KuK_Kriegsbande_BAR.svg/140px-AUT_KuK_Kriegsbande_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Military_Merit_Cross_(Austria-Hungary)" title="Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)">Military Merit Cross</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Med._Austria_1912-1913.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Med._Austria_1912-1913.JPG/70px-Med._Austria_1912-1913.JPG" decoding="async" width="70" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Med._Austria_1912-1913.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> Commemorative Cross of Mobilization 1912–1913 (Austria-Hungary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Officer_Ordre_de_Leopold.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grand_Officer_Ordre_de_Leopold.png/70px-Grand_Officer_Ordre_de_Leopold.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grand_Officer_Ordre_de_Leopold.png/105px-Grand_Officer_Ordre_de_Leopold.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Grand_Officer_Ordre_de_Leopold.png/140px-Grand_Officer_Ordre_de_Leopold.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_3_tridy_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_3_tridy_BAR.svg/70px-CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_3_tridy_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_3_tridy_BAR.svg/105px-CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_3_tridy_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_3_tridy_BAR.svg/140px-CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_3_tridy_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Lion" title="Order of the White Lion">Order of the White Lion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png/70px-Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png/105px-Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png/140px-Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939%E2%80%931945" title="Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945">Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945</a> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1918_Ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1918_Ribbon.png/70px-Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1918_Ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1918_Ribbon.png/105px-Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1918_Ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1918_Ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1918" title="Czechoslovak War Cross 1918">Czechoslovak War Cross 1918</a> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:EST_Cross_of_Liberty_I_division_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/EST_Cross_of_Liberty_I_division_ribbon.svg/70px-EST_Cross_of_Liberty_I_division_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/EST_Cross_of_Liberty_I_division_ribbon.svg/105px-EST_Cross_of_Liberty_I_division_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/EST_Cross_of_Liberty_I_division_ribbon.svg/140px-EST_Cross_of_Liberty_I_division_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Liberty_(Estonia)" title="Cross of Liberty (Estonia)">Cross of Liberty for Military Leadership</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:EST_Cross_of_Liberty_II_division_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/EST_Cross_of_Liberty_II_division_ribbon.svg/70px-EST_Cross_of_Liberty_II_division_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/EST_Cross_of_Liberty_II_division_ribbon.svg/105px-EST_Cross_of_Liberty_II_division_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/EST_Cross_of_Liberty_II_division_ribbon.svg/140px-EST_Cross_of_Liberty_II_division_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Cross of Liberty for Personal Courage (Estonia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/70px-FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/105px-FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/140px-FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Rose_of_Finland" title="Order of the White Rose of Finland">White Rose of Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Commander_1st_Class_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Commander_1st_Class_BAR.png/70px-FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Commander_1st_Class_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Commander_1st_Class_BAR.png/105px-FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Commander_1st_Class_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Commander_1st_Class_BAR.png/140px-FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Commander_1st_Class_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Commander of the White Rose of Finland (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/70px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/105px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/140px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/70px-Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/105px-Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/140px-Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Commander of the Legion of Honour (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg/70px-Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg/105px-Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg/140px-Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_OCI_Kingdom_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Italy" title="Order of the Crown of Italy">Order of the Crown of Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg/70px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg/105px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg/140px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Order of the Rising Sun</a>, 2nd Class, Gold and Silver Star (<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png/70px-LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png/105px-LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png/140px-LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Three_Stars" title="Order of the Three Stars">Order of the Three Stars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png/70px-MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png/105px-MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png/140px-MEX_Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle_1Class_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle" title="Order of the Aztec Eagle">Order of the Aztec Eagle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Krigskorset_med_sverd_stripe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Krigskorset_med_sverd_stripe.svg/70px-Krigskorset_med_sverd_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Krigskorset_med_sverd_stripe.svg/105px-Krigskorset_med_sverd_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Krigskorset_med_sverd_stripe.svg/140px-Krigskorset_med_sverd_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="27" /></a> <a href="/wiki/War_Cross_(Norway)" title="War Cross (Norway)">War Cross with Sword</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:ROM_Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_1877_GCross_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/ROM_Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_1877_GCross_BAR.svg/70px-ROM_Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_1877_GCross_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/ROM_Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_1877_GCross_BAR.svg/105px-ROM_Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_1877_GCross_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/ROM_Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_1877_GCross_BAR.svg/140px-ROM_Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_1877_GCross_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Order of the Star of Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:ROM_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Romania_1881_GCross_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/ROM_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Romania_1881_GCross_BAR.svg/70px-ROM_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Romania_1881_GCross_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/ROM_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Romania_1881_GCross_BAR.svg/105px-ROM_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Romania_1881_GCross_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/ROM_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Romania_1881_GCross_BAR.svg/140px-ROM_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Romania_1881_GCross_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Crown (Romania)">Order of the Crown</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Svetog_Save_Komandir_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Svetog_Save_Komandir_BAR.svg/70px-SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Svetog_Save_Komandir_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Svetog_Save_Komandir_BAR.svg/105px-SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Svetog_Save_Komandir_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Svetog_Save_Komandir_BAR.svg/140px-SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Svetog_Save_Komandir_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Sava" title="Order of St. Sava">Order of St. Sava</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Belog_Orla_VKrst_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Belog_Orla_VKrst_BAR.svg/70px-SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Belog_Orla_VKrst_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Belog_Orla_VKrst_BAR.svg/105px-SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Belog_Orla_VKrst_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Belog_Orla_VKrst_BAR.svg/140px-SRB-SHS-YUG_Orden_Belog_Orla_VKrst_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Serbia)" title="Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)">Order of the White Eagle</a> (Yugoslavia)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2></div> General Sikorski was also an active writer on the subjects of <a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">military tactics</a> and describing his personal war experiences.<a href="#cite_note-Biuletyn-4">[4]</a> His works include: <ul><li>Regulamin musztry Związku Strzeleckiego i elementarna taktyka piechoty (Drill Regulations of the Riflemen's Association and Basic Infantry Tactics), 1911.</li> <li>Nad Wisłą i Wkrą. Studium do polsko–radzieckiej wojny 1920 roku (At the Vistula and the Wkra <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">Rivers</a>: a Contribution to the Study of the Polish–Soviet War of 1920), 1923; latest edition, Warsaw, 1991.</li> <li>O polską politykę państwową. Umowy i deklaracje z okresu pełnienia urzędu prezesa Rady Ministrów 18 XII 1922–26 V 1923 (Polish National Policies: Agreements and Declarations from My Tenure as Prime Minister, 18 December 1922 to 26 May 1923), 1923.</li> <li>Podstawy organizacji naczelnych władz wojskowych w Polsce (Basic Organization of the Supreme Military Authorities in Poland), 1923.</li> <li>Polesie jako węzeł strategiczny wschodniego frontu (Polesie as a Strategic Node of the Eastern Front), 1924.</li> <li>La campagne polono-russe de 1920 (French: The Polish-Russian Campaign of 1920), 1928.</li> <li>Polska i Francja w przeszłości i w dobie współczesnej (Poland and France in the Past and in the Present Day), 1931.</li> <li>Przyszła wojna – jej możliwości i charakter oraz związane z nimi zagadnienia obrony kraju (War in the Future: Its Capacities and Character and Associated Questions of National Defense), 1934; translated into French in 1934, and into <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SikorskiWadysawEugeniuszModernWarfarebOk.xyz">English</a>. 1943.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English&rft.date=1943&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSikorskiWadysawEugeniuszModernWarfarebOk.xyz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988">in 1943; latest edition Warsaw, MON, 1972.</li></ul> Some of his works have been collected in: <ul><li>Generał Władysław Sikorski: Publicystyka generała Władysława Sikorskiego na łamach Kuriera Warszawskiego w latach 1928–1939 (General Władysław Sikorski: Articles by General Władysław Sikorski in the Warsaw Courier, 1928–1939), Oficyna Wydawnicza Aspra, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-908937-3-8" title="Special:BookSources/83-908937-3-8">83-908937-3-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poland" title="Portal:Poland">Poland portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermarium#World_War_II_and_after" title="Intermarium">Intermarium: World War II and after</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheism#Second_period_(1921–1923)" title="Prometheism">Prometheism: Second period (1921–1923)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_anone">^</a> For a detailed analysis of the size of Polish forces, in comparison to other allies, see <a href="/wiki/Polish_contribution_to_World_War_II#endnote_anone" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish contribution to World War II">note a</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_contribution_to_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish contribution to World War II">Polish contribution to World War II</a> article. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-psb468-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-psb468_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb468_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb468_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb468_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb468_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb468_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb468_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb468_1-7">h</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Wapi%C5%84ski" title="Roman Wapiński">Roman Wapiński</a>, Władysław Sikorski, Polski Słownik Biograficzny, zeszyt 154 (T. XXXVII/3, 1997, p. 468 </li> <li id="cite_note-Terlecki1976-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Terlecki1976_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlgierd_Terlecki1976" class="citation book cs1">Olgierd Terlecki (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DLAbAAAAMAAJ">Generał ostatniej legendy: rzecz o gen. Władysławie Sikorskim</a>. Polonia Bookstore and Publishers Co. p. 7. Retrieved 7 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genera%C5%82+ostatniej+legendy%3A+rzecz+o+gen.+W%C5%82adys%C5%82awie+Sikorskim&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Polonia+Bookstore+and+Publishers+Co.&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Olgierd+Terlecki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDLAbAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-psb469-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb469_3-11">l</a> Roman Wapiński, Władysław Sikorski, Polski Słownik Biograficzny, zeszyt 154 (T. XXXVII/3, 1997, p. 469 </li> <li id="cite_note-Biuletyn-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biuletyn_4-30">ae</a> (in Polish) Adam Dobroński. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udskior.gov.pl/download/files/pdf/kombatant/2003/200306_spec.pdf">Biogram</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214318/http://www.udskior.gov.pl/download/files/pdf/kombatant/2003/200306_spec.pdf">Archived</a> 4 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Biuletyn "Kombatant" nr specjalny (148) czerwiec 2003. (Biography. Special Edition of Kombatant Bulletin No.148 6/2003 on the occasion of the Year of General Sikorski. Official publication of the Polish government Agency of Combatants and Repressed) </li> <li id="cite_note-psb475-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb475_5-25">z</a> Roman Wapiński, Władysław Sikorski, Polski Słownik Biograficzny, zeszyt 154 (T. XXXVII/3, 1997, p. 475 </li> <li id="cite_note-psb470-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-psb470_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb470_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb470_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb470_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb470_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb470_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb470_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb470_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb470_6-8">i</a> Roman Wapiński, Władysław Sikorski, Polski Słownik Biograficzny, zeszyt 154 (T. XXXVII/3, 1997, p. 470 </li> <li id="cite_note-Piotrowski2007-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Piotrowski2007_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThaddeus_M._Piotrowski2007" class="citation book cs1">Thaddeus M. Piotrowski (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NBbnrEMswbUC&pg=PA3">Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration With Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947</a>. McFarland. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2913-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2913-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-2913-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poland%27s+Holocaust%3A+Ethnic+Strife%2C+Collaboration+With+Occupying+Forces+and+Genocide+in+the+Second+Republic%2C+1918%E2%80%931947&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2913-4&rft.au=Thaddeus+M.+Piotrowski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNBbnrEMswbUC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHP-8"><a href="#cite_ref-AHP_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrian_Hyde-Price2001" class="citation book cs1">Adrian Hyde-Price (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M-2Obqk-VZUC&pg=PA75">Germany and European Order: Enlarging NATO and the EU</a>. Manchester University Press. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5428-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5428-0"><bdi>978-0-7190-5428-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+and+European+Order%3A+Enlarging+NATO+and+the+EU&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5428-0&rft.au=Adrian+Hyde-Price&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM-2Obqk-VZUC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boettke1990-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Boettke1990_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_J._Boettke1990" class="citation book cs1">Peter J. Boettke (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DcTpAlaTQ0UC&pg=PA92">The Political Economy of Soviet Socialism: the Formative Years, 1918–1928</a>. Springer. pp. 92–93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-9100-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-9100-5"><bdi>978-0-7923-9100-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Soviet+Socialism%3A+the+Formative+Years%2C+1918%E2%80%931928&rft.pages=92-93&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-9100-5&rft.au=Peter+J.+Boettke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDcTpAlaTQ0UC%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-psb471-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb471_10-21">v</a> Roman Wapiński, Władysław Sikorski, Polski Słownik Biograficzny, zeszyt 154 (T. 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XXXVII/3, 1997, p. 473 </li> <li id="cite_note-Mikolajczyk7-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Mikolajczyk7_13-0">^</a> Stanislaw Mikolajczyk The Pattern of Soviet Domination Sampson Low, Marston & Co 1948, p. 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-psb474-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-psb474_14-12">m</a> Roman Wapiński, Władysław Sikorski, Polski Słownik Biograficzny, zeszyt 154 (T. 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Doubleday & Company. 1948 </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc161204-26"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc161204_26-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4102967.stm">Russia to release massacre files</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 16 December 2004. Retrieved on 27 October 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-Kisielewski2005-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Kisielewski2005_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTadeusz_A._Kisielewski2005" class="citation book cs1">Tadeusz A. Kisielewski (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xgWYNAAACAAJ">Zamach: Tropem zabójców Generała Sikorskiego</a>. Rebis. pp. 169–170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7301-767-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-7301-767-2"><bdi>978-83-7301-767-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zamach%3A+Tropem+zab%C3%B3jc%C3%B3w+Genera%C5%82a+Sikorskiego&rft.pages=169-170&rft.pub=Rebis&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-83-7301-767-2&rft.au=Tadeusz+A.+Kisielewski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxgWYNAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeevor,_Antony2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Beevor" title="Antony Beevor">Beevor, Antony</a> (2012). The Second World War. United Kingdom: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 472.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=472&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Beevor%2C+Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peszke2005-102-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peszke2005-102_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peszke2005-102_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Alfred_Peszke2005" class="citation book cs1">Michael Alfred Peszke (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zhb2doihL1wC&pg=PA102">The Polish Underground Army, The Western Allies, And The Failure Of Strategic Unity in World War II</a>. McFarland. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2009-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2009-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-2009-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Polish+Underground+Army%2C+The+Western+Allies%2C+And+The+Failure+Of+Strategic+Unity+in+World+War+II&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2009-4&rft.au=Michael+Alfred+Peszke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzhb2doihL1wC%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanczyk-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stanczyk_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanczyk_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanczyk_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanczyk_30-3">d</a> (in Polish) Stanczyk, Zbigniew L. p <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dziennik.com/www/dziennik/kult/archiwum/07-12-02/pp-09-13-02.html">"Tajemnica gen. Sikorskiego"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723094719/http://www.dziennik.com/www/dziennik/kult/archiwum/07-12-02/pp-09-13-02.html">Archived</a> 23 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "Przegląd Polski Online", 7 December 2002. Retrieved on 2 August 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-Biskupski2000-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biskupski2000_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biskupski2000_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biskupski2000_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biskupski2000_31-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMieczysaw_B._Biskupski2000" class="citation book cs1">Mieczysaw B. Biskupski (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofpoland00bisk">The History of Poland</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofpoland00bisk/page/117">117</a>–118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30571-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30571-9"><bdi>978-0-313-30571-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 7 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Poland&rft.pages=117-118&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30571-9&rft.au=Mieczysaw+B.+Biskupski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofpoland00bisk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ostasz-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Ostasz_32-0">^</a> Grzegorz Ostasz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polishresistance-ak.org/17%20Article.htm">The Polish Government-in-Exile's Home Delegature</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410025043/http://www.polishresistance-ak.org/17%20Article.htm">Archived</a> 10 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Article on the pages of the London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Retrieved 4 April 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-Prażmowska1995-3-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Prażmowska1995-3_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnita_Prażmowska1995" class="citation book cs1">Anita Prażmowska (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4J2c4jEhjYC&pg=PA191">Britain and Poland, 1939–1943: the betrayed ally</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48385-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48385-8"><bdi>978-0-521-48385-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+Poland%2C+1939%E2%80%931943%3A+the+betrayed+ally&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-48385-8&rft.au=Anita+Pra%C5%BCmowska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ4J2c4jEhjYC%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stachura2004-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Stachura2004_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_D._Stachura2004" class="citation book cs1">Peter D. Stachura (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CLT6gxMj8d8C&pg=PA177">Poland, 1918–1945: An Interpretive and Documentary History of the Second Republic</a>. Psychology Press. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34358-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34358-9"><bdi>978-0-415-34358-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 7 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poland%2C+1918%E2%80%931945%3A+An+Interpretive+and+Documentary+History+of+the+Second+Republic&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-34358-9&rft.au=Peter+D.+Stachura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCLT6gxMj8d8C%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lerski1996-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lerski1996_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lerski1996_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerzy_Jan_Lerski1996" class="citation book cs1">Jerzy Jan Lerski (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QTUTqE2difgC&pg=PA160">Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 160, 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26007-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26007-0"><bdi>978-0-313-26007-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Poland%2C+966-1945&rft.pages=160%2C+172&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-313-26007-0&rft.au=Jerzy+Jan+Lerski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQTUTqE2difgC%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dean-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Dean_36-0">^</a> Martin Dean, "Collaboration in the Holocaust: Crimes of the Local Police in Belorussia and Ukraine, 1941–44", Palgrave, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-22056-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-22056-1">0-312-22056-1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tdzTU1Uj3zcC&dq=Wanda+Wasilewska&pg=PA144">Google Books page view</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trachtenberg1999-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Trachtenberg1999_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_Trachtenberg1999" class="citation book cs1">Marc Trachtenberg (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2pEQpx8CB7oC&pg=PA13">A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945–1963</a>. Princeton University Press. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00273-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00273-6"><bdi>978-0-691-00273-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 7 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Constructed+Peace%3A+The+Making+of+the+European+Settlement%2C+1945%E2%80%931963&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00273-6&rft.au=Marc+Trachtenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2pEQpx8CB7oC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agar1957-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Agar1957_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert_Agar1957" class="citation book cs1">Herbert Agar (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_0226009378">The Price of Power: America Since 1945</a>. 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Retrieved 7 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Price+of+Power%3A+America+Since+1945&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=978-0-226-00937-7&rft.au=Herbert+Agar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_0226009378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Economist0-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Economist0_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=11632772">"What Lech Walesa did"</a>. Economist.com. 22 September 1990. Retrieved 2 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+Lech+Walesa+did&rft.date=1990-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2FdisplayStory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D11632772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cięciara1998-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Cięciara1998_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarosław_Cięciara1998" class="citation book cs1">Jarosław Cięciara (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jgy1AAAAIAAJ">Patroni jednostek Wojska Polskiego</a>. Bellona. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-11-08871-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-11-08871-9"><bdi>978-83-11-08871-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 November 2012. <q>Sikorski posiadał m.in. odznaczenia: Order Orła Białego (pośmiertnie), Order Virtuti Militari II i V kl., Order Polonia Restituta I i III kl., Krzyż Walecznych (czterokrotnie), Złoty Krzyż Zasługi. Minister Obrony Narodowej decyzją nr 62 'MON z dnia 19 maja 7.9.9.5 roku polecił 9 Podlaskiej Brygadzie Zmechanizowanej Odznaka i oznaka 9 w Siedlcach przyjąć imię gen. broni Władysława Sikorskiego</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patroni+jednostek+Wojska+Polskiego&rft.pub=Bellona&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-83-11-08871-9&rft.au=Jaros%C5%82aw+Ci%C4%99ciara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djgy1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peszke2005-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Peszke2005_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Alfred_Peszke2005" class="citation book cs1">Michael Alfred Peszke (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zhb2doihL1wC&pg=PA45">The Polish Underground Army, The Western Allies, And The Failure Of Strategic Unity in World War II</a>. McFarland. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2009-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2009-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-2009-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 7 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Polish+Underground+Army%2C+The+Western+Allies%2C+And+The+Failure+Of+Strategic+Unity+in+World+War+II&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2009-4&rft.au=Michael+Alfred+Peszke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzhb2doihL1wC%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time_to_lay_the_hero's_ghost-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Time_to_lay_the_hero's_ghost_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4255236/Time-to-lay-the-heros-ghost.html">"Time to lay the hero's ghost"</a>. Telegraph. 24 September 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/4255236/Time-to-lay-the-heros-ghost.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. 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Retrieved 9 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dedication+of+the+new+memorial+to+General+Sikorski+at+Europa+Point&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gibnews.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgn_view.pl%2F%3FMISC130704_2.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peszke2005-103-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Peszke2005-103_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Alfred_Peszke2005" class="citation book cs1">Michael Alfred Peszke (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zhb2doihL1wC&pg=PA102">The Polish Underground Army, The Western Allies, And The Failure Of Strategic Unity in World War II</a>. McFarland. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2009-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2009-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-2009-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Polish+Underground+Army%2C+The+Western+Allies%2C+And+The+Failure+Of+Strategic+Unity+in+World+War+II&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2009-4&rft.au=Michael+Alfred+Peszke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzhb2doihL1wC%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burnett2006-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Burnett2006_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThom_Burnett2006" class="citation book cs1">Thom Burnett (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4QBjaEMELSsC&pg=PA47">Conspiracy Encyclopedia</a>. Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84340-381-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84340-381-4"><bdi>978-1-84340-381-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conspiracy+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84340-381-4&rft.au=Thom+Burnett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4QBjaEMELSsC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AtkinBiddiss2011-46"><a href="#cite_ref-AtkinBiddiss2011_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_AtkinMichael_BiddissFrank_Tallett2011" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Atkin; Michael Biddiss; Frank Tallett (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1QyXCTW_MCQC&pg=PA389">The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 389. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8922-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8922-4"><bdi>978-1-4051-8922-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wiley-Blackwell+Dictionary+of+Modern+European+History+Since+1789&rft.pages=389&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8922-4&rft.au=Nicholas+Atkin&rft.au=Michael+Biddiss&rft.au=Frank+Tallett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1QyXCTW_MCQC%26pg%3DPA389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies2008-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Davies2008_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProfessor_Norman_Davies2008" class="citation book cs1">Professor Norman Davies (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9P_uQ2qeFUkC&pg=PT165">No Simple Victory: World War II in Europe, 1939–1945</a>. Penguin. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311409-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311409-3"><bdi>978-0-14-311409-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Simple+Victory%3A+World+War+II+in+Europe%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-14-311409-3&rft.au=Professor+Norman+Davies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9P_uQ2qeFUkC%26pg%3DPT165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-48"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7858923.stm">"No evidence Polish hero murdered"</a>. BBC News. 29 January 2009. Retrieved 29 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=No+evidence+Polish+hero+murdered&rft.date=2009-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F7858923.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tvn-49"><a href="#cite_ref-tvn_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/ipn-ujawnil-jak-zginal-sikorski,84137.html">"IPN ujawnił jak zginął Sikorski"</a>. Tvn24.pl. 29 January 2009. Retrieved 9 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IPN+ujawni%C5%82+jak+zgin%C4%85%C5%82+Sikorski&rft.pub=Tvn24.pl&rft.date=2009-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvn24.pl%2Fwiadomosci-z-kraju%2C3%2Fipn-ujawnil-jak-zginal-sikorski%2C84137.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gazeta-50"><a href="#cite_ref-gazeta_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530101635/http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1%2C114873%2C10235440%2CSledztwo_ws__smierci_gen__Sikorskiego_przeniesione.html">"Śledztwo ws. śmierci gen. Sikorskiego przeniesione z Katowic do Warszawy"</a>. Wiadomosci.gazeta.pl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114873,10235440,Sledztwo_ws__smierci_gen__Sikorskiego_przeniesione.html">the original</a> on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C5%9Aledztwo+ws.+%C5%9Bmierci+gen.+Sikorskiego+przeniesione+z+Katowic+do+Warszawy&rft.pub=Wiadomosci.gazeta.pl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiadomosci.gazeta.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2F1%2C114873%2C10235440%2CSledztwo_ws__smierci_gen__Sikorskiego_przeniesione.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/sledztwo-ws-smierci-gen-wladyslawa-sikorskiego-umorzone/wq4p4">"Śledztwo ws. śmierci gen. Władysława Sikorskiego umorzone"</a>. Onet Wiadomości (in Polish). 30 December 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Onet+Wiadomo%C5%9Bci&rft.atitle=%C5%9Aledztwo+ws.+%C5%9Bmierci+gen.+W%C5%82adys%C5%82awa+Sikorskiego+umorzone&rft.date=2013-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiadomosci.onet.pl%2Fkraj%2Fsledztwo-ws-smierci-gen-wladyslawa-sikorskiego-umorzone%2Fwq4p4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Sikorski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sejm-52"><a href="#cite_ref-sejm_52-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WMP19461450286">M.P. z 1946 r. Nr 145, poz. 286</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Baluk, Stefan and Terry A. Tegnazian. Sikorski: No Simple Soldier: A Visual History of World War II's Unsung Allied Leader (2014)</li> <li>Coutouvidis, John and Jaime Reynolds. Poland, 1939–1947 (1986) 424 pages <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/59840758/poland-1939-1947">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701055032/https://www.questia.com/read/59840758/poland-1939-1947">Archived</a> 1 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Gelli, Frank Julian. The Dark Side of England (2014) <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00QJ19TXI">B00QJ19TXI</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Dark-England-Frank-Julian-Gelli-ebook/dp/B00QJ19TXI">https://www.amazon.co.uk/Dark-England-Frank-Julian-Gelli-ebook/dp/B00QJ19TXI</a></li> <li>Korpalska, Walentyna. Wadysaw Eugeniusz Sikorski: Biografia polityczna (2nd ed. 1988), the standard biography <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1KMdAAAAMAAJ">in Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Alfred_Peszke" title="Michael Alfred Peszke">Peszke, Michael Alfred</a>, The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II, foreword by <a href="/wiki/Piotr_S._Wandycz" title="Piotr S. Wandycz">Piotr S. Wandycz</a>, (Jefferson, NC, McFarland & Company, 2005)</li> <li>Ponichtera, R.M. "The Military Thought of Wladyslaw Sikorski," Journal of Military History (1995) 59#2 pp. 279–301; wide-ranging overview with survey of the historiography on pp. 280–82</li> <li>Rozek, Edward J. Allied Wartime Diplomacy: A Pattern in Poland (1958) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/3112408/allied-wartime-diplomacy-a-pattern-in-poland">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308042908/https://www.questia.com/read/3112408/allied-wartime-diplomacy-a-pattern-in-poland">Archived</a> 8 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Sword, Keith, ed. Sikorski: Soldier and Statesman (1990) important essays by scholars <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hTxpAAAAMAAJ">in Google</a></li> <li>Terry, Sarah Meiklejohn, Poland's Place in Europe: General Sikorski and the Origin of the Oder-Neisse Line, 1939–1943, (Princeton University Press, 1983), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00317.0001.001">online at ACLS e-books</a></li> <li>Waszak, Leon, and P. Lang, "Agreement in Principle: the Wartime Partnership of General Wladyslaw Sikorski and Winston Churchill," Studies in Modern European History, vol. 20, April 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8204-2849-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8204-2849-3">0-8204-2849-3</a></li> <li>Whiteley, Justin, Smierc Generala Sikorskiego, Bellona, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-11-10921-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-11-10921-6">978-83-11-10921-6</a></li> <li>Woodward, Llewellyn. British Foreign Policy in the Second World War (1971) vol 2 pp. 612–662</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3></div> <ul><li>Dead Men's Secrets the Mysterious Death of General Sikorski, <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">The History Channel</a> DVD, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007V0YCQ">B0007V0YCQ</a></li> <li>Generał Sikorski, premier, naczelny wodz (General Sikorski: Prime Minister, Commander in Chief), London, Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum, 1981, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902508-09-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-902508-09-1">0-902508-09-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Władysław Sikorski">Władysław Sikorski</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polskieradio.pl/podcast/3/files/2007071211582798.mp3">Polish Radio podcast on the subject of Sikorski's death.</a> (in Polish)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.golden.net/~medals/exile.html">Polish forces in the west during World War II</a></li> <li>"Was General Sikorski a victim of the Katyn massacre?" by Jozef Kazimierz Kubit, Polish News Monthly, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polishnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=93:historiapolish-history&id=537:was-general-sikorski-a-victim-of-the-katyn-massacre&Itemid=329">Part I</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polishnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=93:historiapolish-history&id=550:was-general-sikorski-a-victim-of-the-katyn-massacre&Itemid=329">Part II</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polishnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=93:historiapolish-history&id=872:was-general-sikorski-a-victim-of-the-katy-massacre&Itemid=329">Part III</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opusmedia.fr/kazimierzduda/default_gb.asp">Captain Kazimierz DUDA – 1st Polish Armoured Division – C.K.M.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070314020958/http://www.opusmedia.fr/kazimierzduda/default_gb.asp">Archived</a> 14 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/article1073791.eceGeneral">Sikorski: Was It Murder?</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] The Times, 4 July 2003</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073842/http://www.polishsoldier.nl/chapter-2-the-soviet-german-invasion-and-the-polish-exodus-1939-1940/">Sanacja regime, Katyn and the Polish gold</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/016548">Newspaper clippings about Władysław Sikorski</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Nowak" title="Julian Nowak">Julian Nowak</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland">Prime Minister of Poland</a> 1922–1923 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Wincenty Witos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Felicjan_S%C5%82awoj-Sk%C5%82adkowski" class="mw-redirect" title="Felicjan Sławoj-Składkowski">Felicjan Sławoj-Składkowski</a> (Prime Minister in Poland)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Polish_Republic_in_Exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Polish Republic in Exile">Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland</a> 1939–1943 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Miko%C5%82ajczyk" title="Stanisław Mikołajczyk">Stanisław Mikołajczyk</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rydz-%C5%9Amig%C5%82y" title="Edward Rydz-Śmigły">Edward Rydz-Śmigły</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/General_Inspector_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="General Inspector of the Armed Forces">General Inspector of the Armed Forces</a> 1939–1943 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Sosnkowski" title="Kazimierz Sosnkowski">Kazimierz Sosnkowski</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="Template:Prime ministers of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="List of prime ministers of Poland">Prime ministers of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw" title="Duchy of Warsaw">Duchy of Warsaw</a> (1807–1813)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ma%C5%82achowski" title="Stanisław Małachowski">Małachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwik_Szymon_Gutakowski" title="Ludwik Szymon Gutakowski">Gutakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Poniatowski</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Kostka_Potocki" title="Stanisław Kostka Potocki">Potocki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)">Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kucharzewski" title="Jan Kucharzewski">Kucharzewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Ponikowski" title="Antoni Ponikowski">Ponikowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kanty_Steczkowski" title="Jan Kanty Steczkowski">Kanty Steczkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_%C5%9Awie%C5%BCy%C5%84ski" title="Józef Świeżyński">Świeżyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Wr%C3%B3blewski" title="Władysław Wróblewski">Wróblewski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Republic of Poland">Republic of Poland</a> (1918–1939)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Daszy%C5%84ski" title="Ignacy Daszyński">Daszyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%99drzej_Moraczewski" title="Jędrzej Moraczewski">Moraczewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Paderewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Skulski" title="Leopold Skulski">Skulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Grabski" title="Władysław Grabski">Grabski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Witos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Ponikowski" title="Antoni Ponikowski">Ponikowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_%C5%9Aliwi%C5%84ski" title="Artur Śliwiński">Śliwiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Nowak" title="Julian Nowak">Nowak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sikorski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Witos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Grabski" title="Władysław Grabski">Grabski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Skrzy%C5%84ski" title="Aleksander Skrzyński">Skrzyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Witos" title="Wincenty Witos">Witos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Bartel" title="Kazimierz Bartel">Bartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Piłsudski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Bartel" title="Kazimierz Bartel">Bartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_%C5%9Awitalski" title="Kazimierz Świtalski">Świtalski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Bartel" title="Kazimierz Bartel">Bartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walery_S%C5%82awek" title="Walery Sławek">Sławek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Piłsudski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walery_S%C5%82awek" title="Walery Sławek">Sławek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Prystor" title="Aleksander Prystor">Prystor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_J%C4%99drzejewicz" title="Janusz Jędrzejewicz">Jędrzejewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Koz%C5%82owski" title="Leon Kozłowski">Kozłowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walery_S%C5%82awek" title="Walery Sławek">Sławek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Zyndram-Ko%C5%9Bcia%C5%82kowski" title="Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski">Zyndram-Kościałkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felicjan_S%C5%82awoj_Sk%C5%82adkowski" title="Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski">Składkowski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Polish government-in-exile</a> (1939–1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sikorski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Miko%C5%82ajczyk" title="Stanisław Mikołajczyk">Mikołajczyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Arciszewski" title="Tomasz Arciszewski">Arciszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_B%C3%B3r-Komorowski" title="Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski">Bór-Komorowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Tomaszewski_(Prime_Minister)" title="Tadeusz Tomaszewski (Prime Minister)">Tomaszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Odzierzy%C5%84ski" title="Roman Odzierzyński">Odzierzyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Hryniewski" title="Jerzy Hryniewski">Hryniewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Mackiewicz" title="Stanisław Mackiewicz">Mackiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugon_Hanke" title="Hugon Hanke">Hanke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Paj%C4%85k" title="Antoni Pająk">Pająk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Zawisza" title="Aleksander Zawisza">Zawisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Muchniewski" title="Zygmunt Muchniewski">Muchniewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Urba%C5%84ski" title="Alfred Urbański">Urbański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Sabbat" title="Kazimierz Sabbat">Sabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Szczepanik" title="Edward Szczepanik">Szczepanik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a> (1944–1989)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Os%C3%B3bka-Morawski" title="Edward Osóbka-Morawski">Osóbka-Morawski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Cyrankiewicz" title="Józef Cyrankiewicz">Cyrankiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Bierut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Cyrankiewicz" title="Józef Cyrankiewicz">Cyrankiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Jaroszewicz" title="Piotr Jaroszewicz">Jaroszewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Babiuch" title="Edward Babiuch">Babiuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%84kowski" title="Józef Pińkowski">Pińkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Jaruzelski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Messner" title="Zbigniew Messner">Messner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Rakowski" title="Mieczysław Rakowski">Rakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Kiszczak" title="Czesław Kiszczak">Kiszczak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki" title="Tadeusz Mazowiecki">Mazowiecki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Poland (1989–present)">Republic of Poland</a> (1990–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki" title="Tadeusz Mazowiecki">Mazowiecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Krzysztof_Bielecki" title="Jan Krzysztof Bielecki">Bielecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Olszewski" title="Jan Olszewski">Olszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Pawlak" title="Waldemar Pawlak">Pawlak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Suchocka" title="Hanna Suchocka">Suchocka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Pawlak" title="Waldemar Pawlak">Pawlak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Oleksy" title="Józef Oleksy">Oleksy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Cimoszewicz" title="Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz">Cimoszewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Buzek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Miller" title="Leszek Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marek_Belka" title="Marek Belka">Belka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz" title="Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz">Marcinkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Kaczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewa_Kopacz" title="Ewa Kopacz">Kopacz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beata_Szyd%C5%82o" title="Beata Szydło">Szydło</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki" title="Mateusz Morawiecki">Morawiecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="General_Inspectors_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse 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