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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Cameroon People's Democratic Movement</b> (<b>CPDM</b>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Rassemblement démocratique du Peuple Camerounais</i>, RDPC) is the ruling <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>. Previously known as the <b>Cameroonian National Union</b>, which had dominated Cameroon politics since independence in the 1960s, it was renamed in 1985. The national president of the CPDM is <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a>, the president of Cameroon,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the secretary-general of the party's <a href="/wiki/Central_committee" title="Central committee">Central Committee</a> is <a href="/wiki/Jean_Nkuete" title="Jean Nkuete">Jean Nkuete</a>. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #73C2FB; border-bottom:2px solid #73C2FB; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Cameroon People's Democratic Movement</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="fr">Rassemblement démocratique du Peuple Camerounais</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement.png/150px-Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement.png/225px-Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/eb/Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="304"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Secretary-General</span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Nkuete" title="Jean Nkuete">Jean Nkuete</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">24 March 1985<span class="noprint">; 39 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1985-03-24</span>)</span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(as RDPC)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a><br><a href="/wiki/Francophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophilia">Francophilia</a><br><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a><sup id="cite_ref-We've_seen_Donald_Trump's_type_of_p_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-We've_seen_Donald_Trump's_type_of_p-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">Big tent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cameroon)" title="Senate (Cameroon)">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">94 / 100</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #73C2FB; width: 94%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Cameroon">National Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">152 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #73C2FB; width: 84%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rdpcpdm.cm/">rdpcpdm.cm</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #73C2FB;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cameroon" title="Politics of Cameroon">Politics of Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cameroon" title="List of political parties in Cameroon">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cameroon" title="Elections in Cameroon">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Cameroonian_National_Union"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Cameroonian National Union</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#CPDM"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">CPDM</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Political_opposition_and_alliances_in_2000"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Political opposition and alliances in 2000</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#From_2002"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">From 2002</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Congresses"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Congresses</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Electoral_history"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Electoral history</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Presidential_elections"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Presidential elections</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#National_Assembly_elections"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">National Assembly elections</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cameroonian_National_Union">Cameroonian National Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cameroonian National Union" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #00CD12; border-bottom:2px solid #00CD12; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Cameroonian National Union</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Union nationale camérounaise</div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadou_Ahidjo" title="Ahmadou Ahidjo">Ahmadou Ahidjo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1 September 1966</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1985</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_Union" title="Cameroonian Union">Cameroonian Union</a><br><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_National_Democratic_Party" title="Kamerun National Democratic Party">Kamerun National Democratic Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African nationalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #00CD12;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cameroon" title="Politics of Cameroon">Politics of Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cameroon" title="List of political parties in Cameroon">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cameroon" title="Elections in Cameroon">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cameroonian National Union</b> (<b>CNU</b>; French: <i lang="fr">Union nationale camérounaise</i>, UNC) was formed in 1966 through a merger of the <a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameroon Union">Cameroon Union</a> (Union Camerounaise) and the <a href="/wiki/Kamerun_National_Democratic_Party" title="Kamerun National Democratic Party">Kamerun National Democratic Party</a>, the major political organizations, respectively, of the state of west Cameroon and the state of east Cameroon, and four smaller parties. For the next quarter-century, the UNC/RDPC and the government were effectively one. The UNC sponsored labor, youth, and women's organizations and provided the only list of candidates for the 1973, 1978, and 1983 legislative elections. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ahmadou_Ahidjo" title="Ahmadou Ahidjo">Ahmadou Ahidjo</a> became the first head of the UNC in 1966 and continued in that capacity after his resignation as the nation's president in 1982. Following President <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a>'s assumption of emergency powers in August 1983, Ahidjo, then in France, resigned as party leader. Biya was subsequently elected party chief at a special party congress in September. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CPDM">CPDM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: CPDM" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In 1985, the UNC was renamed the <b>Cameroon People's Democratic Movement</b> (CPDM or <b>Rassemblement Démocratique du Peuple Camerounais</b>—RDPC). Opposition parties were legalized in 1990. </p><p>The CPDM won 88 of the 180 seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Cameroon">National Assembly of Cameroon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_parliamentary_election,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameroonian parliamentary election, 1992">March 1992 parliamentary election</a>, and through an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Defense_of_the_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for the Defense of the Republic">Movement for the Defense of the Republic</a> (MDR), which won six seats, it obtained a parliamentary majority.<sup id="cite_ref-Mbaku_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mbaku-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNHCR_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biya subsequently won the <a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_presidential_election,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameroonian presidential election, 1992">October 1992 presidential election</a> with about 40% of the vote, ahead of <a href="/wiki/John_Fru_Ndi" title="John Fru Ndi">John Fru Ndi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Front_(Cameroon)" title="Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)">Social Democratic Front</a> (SDF), who won about 36%.<sup id="cite_ref-Mbaku_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mbaku-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CPDM gained 116 of the 180 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_parliamentary_election,_1997" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameroonian parliamentary election, 1997">May 1997 parliamentary election</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ngoh_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ngoh-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (it initially won 109 seats,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it subsequently won in the three constituencies where the election was held over again in August, gaining seven more seats<sup id="cite_ref-Ngoh_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ngoh-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and in the <a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_presidential_election,_1997" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameroonian presidential election, 1997">October 1997 presidential election</a>, Biya received 92.6% of the vote amidst an opposition boycott.<sup id="cite_ref-UNHCR_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Political_opposition_and_alliances_in_2000">Political opposition and alliances in 2000</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political opposition and alliances in 2000" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The SDF and its allies in the Union for Change remain critical of Biya but are also critical of France, which they call an "accomplice of those in power." However, in 2000 the alliance reportedly was falling apart as the SDF sought to distance itself from the Southern Cameroon National Council (SCNC). The SCNC apparently was accusing the SDF of delaying independence for the northwest and southwest English-speaking provinces by refusing to force its English-speaking members of parliament to resign from the Francophone-dominated National Assembly. Moreover, some members of the opposition wanted their party leaders to join Biya's coalition government so they could share the spoils of office. </p><p>By 2000, Biya had shored up his government by forming a coalition with the northern-based UNDP, which had 13 Assembly seats, and with the UPC, which had one seat. Together, the ruling coalition gave Biya a four-fifth's majority in the Assembly. The coalition government enjoyed support from seven of Cameroon's 10 provinces, and thus secured former president Ahidjo's north–south alliance, which he had created in 1958. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="From_2002">From 2002</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: From 2002" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_parliamentary_election,_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameroonian parliamentary election, 2002">parliamentary election</a> held on 30 June 2002, the party won 149 out of 180 seats, including 16 seats won in a revote on 15 September for constituencies where the election had been invalidated.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_presidential_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameroonian presidential election, 2004">presidential election</a> held on 11 October 2004, Biya won 70.9% of the vote. </p><p>The CPDM won 140 out of the 163 initially declared seats in the <a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_parliamentary_election,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameroonian parliamentary election, 2007">July 2007 parliamentary election</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gov_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gov-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Confirm_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Confirm-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it won another 13 seats (out of 17 at stake) in constituencies where the vote was held over again in September, thus winning a total of 153 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Congresses">Congresses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Congresses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The party held its first ordinary congress, at which Biya told the party to prepare for competition as the move toward multiparty democracy was beginning, on June 28, 1990, in <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a>. The CPDM's first extraordinary congress was held in Yaoundé on October 7, 1995, and its second ordinary congress was held on December 17–19, 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Ans_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ans-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party held its second extraordinary congress on July 7, 2001<sup id="cite_ref-Ans_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ans-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its third extraordinary congress on July 21, 2006, in Yaoundé.<sup id="cite_ref-Ans_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ans-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biya has been consistently re-elected as the CPDM's National President.<sup id="cite_ref-Ans_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ans-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Electoral history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Presidential elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Party candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1970_Cameroonian_presidential_election" title="1970 Cameroonian presidential election">1970</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadou_Ahidjo" title="Ahmadou Ahidjo">Ahmadou Ahidjo</a> </td> <td>3,478,942 </td> <td>100% </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Cameroonian_presidential_election" title="1975 Cameroonian presidential election">1975</a> </td> <td>3,483,165 </td> <td>100% </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Cameroonian_presidential_election" title="1980 Cameroonian presidential election">1980</a> </td> <td>3,329,145 </td> <td>100% </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Cameroonian_presidential_election" title="1984 Cameroonian presidential election">1984</a> </td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a> </td> <td>3,878,138 </td> <td>100% </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1988_Cameroonian_general_election" title="1988 Cameroonian general election">1988</a> </td> <td>3,321,872 </td> <td>100% </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1992_Cameroonian_presidential_election" title="1992 Cameroonian presidential election">1992</a> </td> <td>1,185,466 </td> <td>40.0% </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1997_Cameroonian_presidential_election" title="1997 Cameroonian presidential election">1997</a> </td> <td>3,167,820 </td> <td>92.57% </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Cameroonian_presidential_election" title="2004 Cameroonian presidential election">2004</a> </td> <td>2,665,359 </td> <td>70.92% </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Cameroonian_presidential_election" title="2011 Cameroonian presidential election">2011</a> </td> <td>3,772,527 </td> <td>77.99% </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Cameroonian_presidential_election" title="2018 Cameroonian presidential election">2018</a> </td> <td>2,521,934 </td> <td>71.28% </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Assembly_elections">National Assembly elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National Assembly elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Party leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Position </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1970_Cameroonian_parliamentary_election" title="1970 Cameroonian parliamentary election">1970</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadou_Ahidjo" title="Ahmadou Ahidjo">Ahmadou Ahidjo</a> </td> <td>2,926,224 </td> <td>100% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">50 / 50</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00CD12; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 50 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Sole legal party </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1973_Cameroonian_parliamentary_election" title="1973 Cameroonian parliamentary election">1973</a> </td> <td>3,293,428 </td> <td>100% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">120 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00CD12; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 70 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Sole legal party </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1978_Cameroonian_parliamentary_election" title="1978 Cameroonian parliamentary election">1978</a> </td> <td>3,614,768 </td> <td>100% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">120 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00CD12; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Sole legal party </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Cameroonian_parliamentary_election" title="1983 Cameroonian parliamentary election">1983</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a> </td> <td>3,628,469 </td> <td>100% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">120 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00CD12; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Sole legal party </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1988_Cameroonian_general_election" title="1988 Cameroonian general election">1988</a> </td> <td>3,179,898 </td> <td>100% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">180 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #73C2FB; width: 100%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 70 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Sole legal party </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1992_Cameroonian_parliamentary_election" title="1992 Cameroonian parliamentary election">1992</a> </td> <td>989,044 </td> <td>45.5% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">88 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #73C2FB; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 92 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCFF">Minority government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1997_Cameroonian_parliamentary_election" title="1997 Cameroonian parliamentary election">1997</a> </td> <td>1,399,751 </td> <td>48.0% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">109 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #73C2FB; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 21 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Majority government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Cameroonian_parliamentary_election" title="2002 Cameroonian parliamentary election">2002</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">149 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #73C2FB; width: 83%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 40 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Supermajority government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2007_Cameroonian_parliamentary_election" title="2007 Cameroonian parliamentary election">2007</a> </td> <td>2,105,503 </td> <td>67.30% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">153 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #73C2FB; width: 85%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Supermajority government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Cameroonian_parliamentary_election" title="2013 Cameroonian parliamentary election">2013</a> </td> <td>2,555,689 </td> <td>63.52% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">148 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #73C2FB; width: 82%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Supermajority government </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Cameroonian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Cameroonian parliamentary election">2020</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">139 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #73C2FB; width: 77%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Supermajority government </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Andze_Andze" title="Emile Andze Andze">Emile Andze Andze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Fombi" title="Ephraim Fombi">Ephraim Fombi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fon_Angwafo_III_of_Mankon" title="Fon Angwafo III of Mankon">Fon Angwafo III of Mankon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Foning" title="Françoise Foning">Françoise Foning</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-We've_seen_Donald_Trump's_type_of_p-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-We've_seen_Donald_Trump's_type_of_p_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJideonwo2016" class="citation web cs1">Jideonwo, Chude (30 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/africa/695291/weve-seen-donald-trumps-type-of-populism-in-africa-it-always-ends-in-tears/">"We've seen Donald Trump's type of populism in Africa, it always ends in tears"</a>. <i>Quartz Africa</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz+Africa&rft.atitle=We%27ve+seen+Donald+Trump%27s+type+of+populism+in+Africa%2C+it+always+ends+in+tears&rft.date=2016-05-30&rft.aulast=Jideonwo&rft.aufirst=Chude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Fafrica%2F695291%2Fweve-seen-donald-trumps-type-of-populism-in-africa-it-always-ends-in-tears%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameroon+People%27s+Democratic+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rdpcpdm.cm/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=55">"Les membres du bureau politique"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630195846/http://www.rdpcpdm.cm/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=55">Archived</a> 2007-06-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, RDPC website <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mbaku-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mbaku_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mbaku_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Mukum Mbaku, "Decolonization, Reunification and Federation in Cameroon", in <i>The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya</i>, pages 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHCR-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNHCR_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNHCR_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/home/RSDCOI/3c2b4e020.html">"UK Home Office Immigration and Nationality Directorate Country Assessment - Cameroon"</a>, UNHCR.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ngoh-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ngoh_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ngoh_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Victor Julius Ngoh, "Biya and the Transition to Democracy", <i>The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya</i>, page 444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Cameroon: Opposition arrests reported after announcement of election results", Radio France Internationale (nl.newsbank.com), June 8, 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cameroon-info.net/cmi_show_news.php?id=12052">"Législatives partielles: le parti au pouvoir remporte 16 des 17 sièges"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120721024548/http://www.cameroon-info.net/cmi_show_news.php?id=12052">Archived</a> 2012-07-21 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, AFP (Cameroon-info.net), September 27, 2002 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gov-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gov_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20071024221604/http://www.spm.gov.cm/detail_art.php?id_art=1384&type=artune&lang=fr">"Les résultats des législatives du 22 juillet 2007 proclamés."</a>, Cameroonian government website <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Confirm-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Confirm_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/fluxafp/fil_info.asp?reg_id=0&art_cle=38605">"Cameroun: l'écrasante victoire du parti de Biya aux législatives confirmée"</a>, AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), August 10, 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/pays/cameroun/article_depeche.asp?art_cle=XIN70027lesrsemrpus0">"Les résulats des législatives partielles proclamés par la Cour suprême"</a>, Xinhua (Jeuneafrique.com), October 15, 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ans-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ans_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ans_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ans_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ans_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camerounlink.net/fr/news.php?nid=24113&kat=1&seite=195">"21 ANS DE TÂTONNEMENT"</a>, Camerounlink.net, July 21, 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120723065412/http://www.cameroon-info.net/cmi_show_news.php?id=8008">"Notre revue de presse de la semaine du 9 au 15 juillet 2001"</a>, Cameroon-Info.net, July 16, 2001 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/079/article_45203.asp">"Paul Biya réélu sans surprise à la tête du RDPC"</a>, rfi.fr, July 22, 2006 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeLanceyDeLancey2000" class="citation book cs1">DeLancey, Mark W.; DeLancey, Mark D. (2000). <i>Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon</i> (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-3775-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-3775-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-3775-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Republic+of+Cameroon&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-3775-1&rft.aulast=DeLancey&rft.aufirst=Mark+W.&rft.au=DeLancey%2C+Mark+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameroon+People%27s+Democratic+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Cameroon-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html">"Cameroon - Political parties"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Nations</i>. Advameg, Inc. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cameroon+-+Political+parties&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Nations&rft.pub=Advameg%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationsencyclopedia.com%2FAfrica%2FCameroon-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACameroon+People%27s+Democratic+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Cameroon_People%27s_Democratic_Movement&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Demokrata Kunveno de la Kameruna Popolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassemblement_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_peuple_camerounais" title="Rassemblement démocratique du peuple camerounais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rassemblement démocratique du peuple camerounais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_Demokrasi_Rakyat_Kamerun" title="Gerakan Demokrasi Rakyat Kamerun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerakan Demokrasi Rakyat Kamerun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" 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href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassemblement_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_peuple_camerounais" title="Rassemblement démocratique du peuple camerounais – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rassemblement démocratique du peuple camerounais" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratyczne_Zgromadzenie_Narodu_Kameru%C5%84skiego" title="Demokratyczne Zgromadzenie Narodu Kameruńskiego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Demokratyczne Zgromadzenie Narodu Kameruńskiego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuni%C3%A3o_Democr%C3%A1tica_do_Povo_de_Camar%C3%B5es" title="Reunião Democrática do Povo de Camarões – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reunião Democrática do Povo de Camarões" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Камерунское народное демократическое движение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Камерунское народное демократическое движение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassemblement_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Peuple_Camerounais" title="Rassemblement démocratique du Peuple Camerounais – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rassemblement démocratique du Peuple Camerounais" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerunska_folkets_demokratiska_samling" title="Kamerunska folkets demokratiska samling – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kamerunska folkets demokratiska samling" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul 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