CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Wikipedia:Copying text from other sources - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b0b17f8e-13c1-4108-b1e7-08af84514c0e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Project","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":4,"wgPageName":"Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources","wgTitle":"Copying text from other sources","wgCurRevisionId":1277493132, "wgRevisionId":1277493132,"wgArticleId":24295939,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources","wgRelevantArticleId":24295939,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true, "watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"source","wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag", "gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","knc","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tig","tk","tl","tly","tn", "to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":false,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q10974753","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false, "mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Wikipedia:Copying text from other sources - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.sLUaD8n-8CY.O/am=gAE/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpi3wsrGBfUnK-IHqzYxskd8oOqqw/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.sLUaD8n-8CY.O/am=gAE/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpi3wsrGBfUnK-IHqzYxskd8oOqqw/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-4 ns-subject page-Wikipedia_Copying_text_from_other_sources rootpage-Wikipedia_Copying_text_from_other_sources stable skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.sLUaD8n-8CY.O/am=gAE/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpi3wsrGBfUnK-IHqzYxskd8oOqqw/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="en" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Home</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Random?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Random</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Nearby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Nearby</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wikipedia:Copying+text+from+other+sources&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Log in</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Wikipedia:Copying+text+from+other+sources&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Settings</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source%3Ddonate%26wmf_medium%3Dsidebar%26wmf_campaign%3Den.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Den%26wmf_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donate</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">About Wikipedia</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Disclaimers</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Copying text from other sources</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.project">Project page</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.project_talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wikipedia:Copying+text+from+other+sources&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-viewsource" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.viewsource" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--editLock"></span> <span>View source</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> "WP:COPYPASTE" redirects here. For information about page moves performed by copying and pasting, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:CUTPASTE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CUTPASTE">WP:CUTPASTE</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text"> <div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"> <b>This is an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#How-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">explanatory essay</a> about the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Wikipedia:Copyright violations</a> policy and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Wikipedia:Plagiarism</a> guideline</b>. <br> <div style="font-size:90%;"> This page provides additional information about concepts in the page(s) it supplements. This page is not one of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a> as it has not been <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Levels_of_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">thoroughly vetted by the community</a>. </div> </div></td> <td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="WP:Copy-paste"></span><span id="WP:COPYPASTE"></span><span id="WP:C-P"></span><span id="WP:CTRLCCTRLV"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:Copy-paste%26redirect%3Dno">WP:Copy-paste</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:COPYPASTE%26redirect%3Dno">WP:COPYPASTE</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:C-P%26redirect%3Dno">WP:C-P</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:CTRLCCTRLV%26redirect%3Dno">WP:CTRLCCTRLV</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none"> Explanatory essay </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Walnut.svg/30px-Walnut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Walnut.svg/45px-Walnut.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Walnut.svg/60px-Walnut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> With the exceptions of short <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Quotations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Quotations">quotations</a> from copyrighted text, and text copied from a free source without a copyright, text from other sources may not be copied into Wikipedia. Doing so is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#What_is_copyright?" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright">copyright</a> violation and constitutes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">plagiarism</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"> <table class="box-Notice plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;">For more information on closely paraphrasing text, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Close_paraphrasing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Close paraphrasing">Wikipedia:Close paraphrasing</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232484023">.mw-parser-output .help-box{background:#f5faff;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title{background:#cee0f2;font-size:130%;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;margin-bottom:6px}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#cee0f2;padding:0.1em 0.7em 0.15em}.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-content,.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding-top:0.15em}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .help-box{width:auto;max-width:22em}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box{background:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks help-box noprint plainlist"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="sidebar-title"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Wikipedia copyright</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="sidebar-heading">Policy</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Copyright policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Copyright violation policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Reusing_Wikipedia_content?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content">Reusing Wikipedia content</a></li> <li>License text ( <div class="hlist inline"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>)</li> </ul> </div></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sidebar-heading">Guidelines</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">Non-free content</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Copying within Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Public domain">Public domain content</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-US_copyrights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Non-US copyrights">Non-US copyrights</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sidebar-heading">Advice</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright">Frequently asked questions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Donating_copyrighted_materials?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials">Donating copyrighted material</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Copying text from other sources</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Requesting_copyright_permission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission">Requesting copyright permission</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Close_paraphrasing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Close paraphrasing">Close paraphrasing</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_copyright_violations_101?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Text copyright violations 101">Guidance for text copyright problems</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sidebar-heading">Processes</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_problems?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Copyright problems">Copyright problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Files_for_discussion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Files for discussion">Files for discussion</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributor_copyright_investigations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Contributor copyright investigations">Contributor copyright investigations</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sidebar-heading">Resources</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Copyright_problems?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia talk:Copyright problems">General help</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_assistance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Copyright assistance">Copyright assistance</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_copyright_questions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Media copyright questions">Media copyright questions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:File_copyright_tags?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:File copyright tags">File copyright tags</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Declaration_of_consent_for_all_enquiries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Declaration of consent for all enquiries">Declaration of consent</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-navbar"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Wikipedia copyright"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:Wikipedia copyright"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia copyright"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>In most cases, <b>you may not copy text from other sources into Wikipedia</b>. Doing so is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#What_is_copyright?" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright">copyright</a> violation. Always write the articles in your own words and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> the sources of the article. Copyright violations are often <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">speedily deleted</a>. Facts cannot be copyrighted. Titles of people or publications cannot be copyrighted. Text and illustrations prepared by the U.S. government are not copyrighted; they are in the public domain and can be used without permission, but to avoid plagiarism a citation is required indicating their source. Material from US states and local governments is copyrighted, as is material from foreign governments. Copyrights expire after many years and then the text becomes free.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Can_I_copy_text_to_Wikipedia_that_I_got_from_somewhere_else?"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Can I copy text to Wikipedia that I got from somewhere else?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#If_I_own_the_source,_or_work_for_the_owner_of_the_source,_can_I_copy_it_to_Wikipedia?"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">If I own the source, or work for the owner of the source, can I copy it to Wikipedia?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Can_I_copy_if_I_change_the_text_a_little_bit?"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Can I copy if I change the text a little bit?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Can_I_copy_text_into_a_user_page_or_talk_page_in_order_to_work_on_it?"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Can I copy text into a user page or talk page in order to work on it?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#What_about_quotes?"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">What about quotes?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#How_about_copying_from_one_Wikipedia_article_to_another?"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">How about copying from one Wikipedia article to another?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Can_I_copy_from_open_license_or_public_domain_sources?"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Can I copy from open license or public domain sources?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Can I copy text from the interfaces in freely-licensed software?</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#What_about_attribution-only_programs?"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">What about attribution-only programs?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#What_about_public_domain_programs?"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">What about public domain programs?</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Can_I_copy_text_to_Wikipedia_that_I_got_from_somewhere_else?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Can_I_copy_text_to_Wikipedia_that_I_got_from_somewhere_else?"><span id="Can_I_copy_text_to_Wikipedia_that_I_got_from_somewhere_else.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Can_I_copy_text_to_Wikipedia_that_I_got_from_somewhere_else?"></span>Can I copy text to Wikipedia that I got from somewhere else?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Can_I_copy_text_to_Wikipedia_that_I_got_from_somewhere_else?"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main page: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Wikipedia:Copyrights</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright">Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright</a> </div> <p>As a general rule, <b>do not copy text from other sources</b>. Doing so usually constitutes both a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYVIO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COPYVIO">copyright violation</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:PLAGIARISM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PLAGIARISM">plagiarism</a> (exceptions are discussed below). This general rule includes copying material from websites of charity or non-profit organizations, educational, scholarly and news publications, and all sources without a copyright notice. If a work does not have a copyright notice, assume it to be under copyright-protection.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="If_I_own_the_source,_or_work_for_the_owner_of_the_source,_can_I_copy_it_to_Wikipedia?" data-mw-thread-id="h-If_I_own_the_source,_or_work_for_the_owner_of_the_source,_can_I_copy_it_to_Wikip"><span id="If_I_own_the_source.2C_or_work_for_the_owner_of_the_source.2C_can_I_copy_it_to_Wikipedia.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-If_I_own_the_source,_or_work_for_the_owner_of_the_source,_can_I_copy_it_to_Wikip"></span><span class="anchor" id="MyText"></span>If I own the source, or work for the owner of the source, can I copy it to Wikipedia?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-If_I_own_the_source,_or_work_for_the_owner_of_the_source,_can_I_copy_it_to_Wikip"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="WP:MYTEXT"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:MYTEXT%26redirect%3Dno">WP:MYTEXT</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Donating_copyrighted_materials?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials">Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials</a> </div> <p>Generally <b>no</b>, unless the source is already under a license compatible with Wikipedia (such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:CC_BY-SA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CC BY-SA">CC BY-SA</a>), or you <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:DCP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DCP">donate the source</a> under a free license. A free license makes the source available for anyone – not just Wikipedia, but anyone using Wikipedia – to use, edit, and copy it for any purpose, even commercial ones. It's unfortunately common for new or inexperienced editors to become frustrated when content they have copied from websites they own (or work for) is removed or articles tagged for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:CSD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#G12" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CSD">speedy deletion</a>. Unless the content is verifiably <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:COMPLIC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMPLIC">compatibly licensed</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:PD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PD">public domain</a>, however, Wikipedia can't retain it. Even if it is compatible, the content must comply with other content policies for us to be able to use it. Often, the tone and structure of the source itself might not be appropriate for an encyclopedia article, and most content on Wikipedia should be based on secondary, rather than primary, sources.</p> <p>If you have published content on another user-generated website, they may have required you to grant them exclusive license, in which case you cannot contribute it here. Sometimes even when sites do not require exclusive license, such as IMDb, it may not be possible for you to use the content here as it may not be possible to verify that you are the individual who placed it there.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Can_I_copy_if_I_change_the_text_a_little_bit?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Can_I_copy_if_I_change_the_text_a_little_bit?"><span id="Can_I_copy_if_I_change_the_text_a_little_bit.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Can_I_copy_if_I_change_the_text_a_little_bit?"></span>Can I copy if I change the text a little bit?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Can_I_copy_if_I_change_the_text_a_little_bit?"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main page: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Close_paraphrasing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Close paraphrasing">Wikipedia:Close paraphrasing</a> </div> <p><b>No.</b> Superficial change of copyright-protected text is not enough. <b>Wikipedia articles must be written in the author's own words</b>. If the way in which a source has said something is important, please employ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Quotations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Quotations">quotation</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Can_I_copy_text_into_a_user_page_or_talk_page_in_order_to_work_on_it?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Can_I_copy_text_into_a_user_page_or_talk_page_in_order_to_work_on_it?"><span id="Can_I_copy_text_into_a_user_page_or_talk_page_in_order_to_work_on_it.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Can_I_copy_text_into_a_user_page_or_talk_page_in_order_to_work_on_it?"></span>Can I copy text into a user page or talk page in order to work on it?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Can_I_copy_text_into_a_user_page_or_talk_page_in_order_to_work_on_it?"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p><span class="anchor" id="TALK"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"></p> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="WP:C-P#TALK"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:C-P%26redirect%3Dno%23TALK">WP:C-P#TALK</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p><b>No.</b> While your user page and talk page may include brief quotations from copyrighted text, Wikipedia cannot host extensive copying of non-compatible copyrighted material anywhere, not even in talk or user pages, not even temporarily.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="What_about_quotes?" data-mw-thread-id="h-What_about_quotes?"><span id="What_about_quotes.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-What_about_quotes?"></span>What about quotes?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-What_about_quotes?"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main page: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">Wikipedia:Non-free content</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Quotations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Quotations">Wikipedia:Quotations</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources">Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources</a> </div> <p>Brief <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quotation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quotation">quotations</a> of copyrighted text may be used to illustrate a point, establish context, or attribute a point of view or idea. Use of copyrighted text must be in compliance with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content_criteria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria">Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria</a> policy. This means that the quotation must not be replaceable with free text (including text that the editor writes), must be minimal, must have contextual significance and must have previously been published.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="How_about_copying_from_one_Wikipedia_article_to_another?" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_about_copying_from_one_Wikipedia_article_to_another?"><span id="How_about_copying_from_one_Wikipedia_article_to_another.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_about_copying_from_one_Wikipedia_article_to_another?"></span>How about copying from one Wikipedia article to another?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_about_copying_from_one_Wikipedia_article_to_another?"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main pages: <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_use%237c" class="extiw" title="wmf:Terms of use">wmf:Terms of use § 7c</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia</a> </div> <p>Yes, you can copy parts of one Wikipedia article into another, but <b>you must link to the source article in your edit summary</b>. Original content contributed by users can be freely used if the original author is properly attributed. If you have copied text but forgotten to use the edit summary, this can be easily corrected: You can make a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Dummy_edit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Dummy edit">dummy edit</a> by making an inconsequential change to the article—such as adding a blank line to the end of the article—and link to the source article in edit summary then. A note such as "content copied from [[source article]] on 1 January 2012" works fine.</p> <p>It is also recommended to make a note on the talk page of the source article that copying has occurred, because the source article cannot be deleted as long as content from it is used. The template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Copied?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Copied">copied</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> can be used for this as well as on the destination article's talk page.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Can_I_copy_from_open_license_or_public_domain_sources?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Can_I_copy_from_open_license_or_public_domain_sources?"><span id="Can_I_copy_from_open_license_or_public_domain_sources.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Can_I_copy_from_open_license_or_public_domain_sources?"></span>Can I copy from open license or public domain sources?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Can_I_copy_from_open_license_or_public_domain_sources?"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main pages: <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_use%237c" class="extiw" title="foundation:Terms of use">foundation:Terms of use § 7c</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Adding_open_license_text_to_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Adding open license text to Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Adding open license text to Wikipedia</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Copying_material_from_free_sources" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Wikipedia:Plagiarism § Copying material from free sources</a> </div> <p>It is acceptable to copy text from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_domain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Public domain">public domain</a> sources or those that are explicitly licensed under a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Can_I_add_something_to_Wikipedia_that_I_got_from_somewhere_else?" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright">compatible licensing scheme</a>. However, if you decide to do so, a dedicated <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Free-content_attribution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Free-content attribution">attribution template</a> must be used, and <b>it's simply not enough</b> to only mention the references and use inline citations. Attribution gives credit to the original author and is always required whether or not the text is free: see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Wikipedia:Plagiarism</a>. There is a guide for embedding freely licensed content (either public domain or Wikipedia Compatible licenses), at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Adding_open_license_text_to_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Adding open license text to Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Adding open license text to Wikipedia</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Can_I_add_something_to_Wikipedia_that_I_got_from_somewhere_else.3F" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright">the Copyright FAQ</a>.</p> <table class="wikitable" align="CENTER" style="width:70%; text-align:center; margin-left:6em"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"><b>License Compatibility with Wikipedia<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b></th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="1">Licenses compatible with Wikipedia</th> <th colspan="1">Licenses <i>not</i> compatible with Wikipedia</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic">Creative Commons licenses</th> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td> <ul> <li>CC BY, all versions, up to and including 4.0</li> <li>CC BY-SA 2.0 and ports, up to and including 4.0</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/">CC0</a></li> </ul></td> <td> <ul> <li>CC BY-NC</li> <li>CC BY-NC-ND</li> <li>CC BY-ND</li> <li>CC BY-NC-SA</li> <li>CC BY-SA 1.0</li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic">Other licenses</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <ul> <li>GFDL <b>and</b> CC BY or CC BY-SA</li> </ul></td> <td> <ul> <li>any GNU-only license (including GFDL)</li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>In case of uncertainty, please ask at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Copyright_problems?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia talk:Copyright problems">Wikipedia talk:Copyright problems</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Wikipedia:Help desk</a> for input from other editors.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?"><span id="Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?"></span>Can I copy text from the interfaces in freely-licensed software?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:File_copyright_tags/Free_licenses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:File copyright tags/Free licenses">Wikipedia:File copyright tags/Free licenses</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:File_copyright_tags?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:File copyright tags">Wikipedia:File copyright tags</a> </div> <p>If possible, <b>screenshot</b> the interface instead of copying the text. Screenshots fall other "non-text media" in <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_use%237c" class="extiw" title="foundation:Terms of use">Section 7d</a>, which allows the use of some free <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyleft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Copyleft">copyleft</a> licenses incompatible with CC-BY-SA. For instance, on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>, the use of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:GPLv3%252B" class="extiw" title="commons:Template:GPLv3+">GNU GPL</a>-licensed media is allowed. For help with adding screenshots to Wikipedia, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Images?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Images">Help:Images</a>.</p> <ul> <li><b>Do not</b> copy the interface text of GPL (or other copyleft licensed) programs <b>directly</b> onto Wikipedia.</li> <li><b>Do not</b> copy the interface text of Apache-licensed (or other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patent_retaliation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patent retaliation">patent retaliation</a> licensed) programs <b>directly</b> onto Wikipedia.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="What_about_attribution-only_programs?" data-mw-thread-id="h-What_about_attribution-only_programs?-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?"><span id="What_about_attribution-only_programs.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-What_about_attribution-only_programs?-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?"></span>What about attribution-only programs?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-What_about_attribution-only_programs?-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?"></span></h3> </div> <p>While copying text from the interfaces of attribution-only licensed programs, like those licensed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MIT_license?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT license">MIT</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BSD_license?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD license">BSD</a>, seem compatible with CC-BY-SA, the Creative Commons <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/compatible-licenses/">has not declared compatibility</a>. This, and the fact that some ostensibly attribution-only programs come with additional terms like the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons_Clause?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Commons Clause">Commons Clause</a>, mean you should <b>screenshot</b> the interface.</p> <ul> <li><b>Do not</b> copy the interface text of attribution-only programs <b>directly</b> onto Wikipedia.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="What_about_public_domain_programs?" data-mw-thread-id="h-What_about_public_domain_programs?-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?"><span id="What_about_public_domain_programs.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-What_about_public_domain_programs?-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?"></span>What about public domain programs?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-What_about_public_domain_programs?-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?"></span></h3> </div> <p>Yes, you can copy interface text from public domain programs, or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/">CC0</a> programs, directly onto Wikipedia, as public domain programs are compatible with the CC-BY-SA license used by Wikipedia.</p> <ul> <li><b>Make sure</b> the program is explicitly licensed CC0 or public domain, and use <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:CC-notice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:CC-notice">CC-notice</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> or <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:PD-notice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:PD-notice">PD-notice</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> to indicate this.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Most websites (and other sources) are automatically protected by copyright under rules such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works">Berne Convention</a>, <i>even if the author did not apply for copyright or place a copyright notice in their work.</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For text only; Please see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:File_copyright_tags?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:File copyright tags">Wikipedia:File_copyright_tags</a> for licences allowed with files</span></li> </ol> </div> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources%26oldid%3D1277493132">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources&oldid=1277493132</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Danbloch" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1740440856"> <span>Last edited on 24 February 2025, at 23:47</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7:%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AE_%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25B5%25D9%2582" title="ويكيبيديا:النسخ واللصق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:النسخ واللصق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE:%25E0%25A6%2585%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF_%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A7%258E%25E0%25A6%25B8_%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%2587_%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2596%25E0%25A6%25BE_%25E0%25A6%2585%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:অন্য উৎস থেকে লেখা অনুলিপি করা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:অন্য উৎস থেকে লেখা অনুলিপি করা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources" title="Wikipedia:Copying text from other sources – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Wikipedia:Copying text from other sources" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%25BE%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7:%25DA%25A9%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25E2%2580%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="ویکی‌پدیا:کپی‌کاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:کپی‌کاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258E%25D5%25AB%25D6%2584%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A4%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1:%25D5%258A%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B3%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AC-%25D6%2583%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D6%2581%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AC" title="Վիքիպեդիա:Պատճենել-փակցնել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքիպեդիա:Պատճենել-փակցնել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%2580%25E0%25B4%25A1%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF:%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%25BF-%25E0%25B4%2592%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%25BD" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പകർത്തി-ഒട്ടിക്കൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പകർത്തി-ഒട്ടിക്കൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE:%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B2-%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B5_%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%2587" title="विकिपीडिया:नकल-डकव धोरणे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विकिपीडिया:नकल-डकव धोरणे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Salin_dan_tampal" title="Wikipedia:Salin dan tampal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wikipedia:Salin dan tampal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2592%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8:%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BE_%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8_%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:အခြားရင်းမြစ်များမှ စာသားများ ကူးယူခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:အခြားရင်းမြစ်များမှ စာသားများ ကူးယူခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE:%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%259F_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A0_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580" title="विकिपिडिया:अन्य स्रोतहरूबाट पाठ प्रतिलिपी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विकिपिडिया:अन्य स्रोतहरूबाट पाठ प्रतिलिपी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copiere-lipire" title="Wikipedia:Copiere-lipire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Copiere-lipire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kopjimi_i_tekstit_nga_burimet_e_tjera" title="Wikipedia:Kopjimi i tekstit nga burimet e tjera – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Wikipedia:Kopjimi i tekstit nga burimet e tjera" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B7%2593%25E0%25B6%25A9%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%258F:Copying_text_from_other_sources" title="විකිපීඩියා:Copying text from other sources – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:Copying text from other sources" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DA%25AA%25D9%258A%25D9%25BE%25D9%258A%25DA%258A%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7:%25D9%25BB%25D9%258A%25D9%2586_%25D8%25B0%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586_%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D9%2584%25DA%25A9%25D8%25AA_%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D9%2584_%25DA%25AA%25D9%258A%25D9%2584" title="وڪيپيڊيا:ٻين ذريعن کان لکت نقل ڪيل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڪيپيڊيا:ٻين ذريعن کان لکت نقل ڪيل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2580%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BE:%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B1_%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%2582%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%2599%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B3%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581,_%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B3%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D" title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:பிற மூலங்களிலிருந்து, பனுவல்களைப் படியெடுத்தல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:பிற மூலங்களிலிருந்து, பனுவல்களைப் படியெடுத்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Kopyala-yap%25C4%25B1%25C5%259Ft%25C4%25B1r" title="Vikipedi:Kopyala-yapıştır – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Kopyala-yapıştır" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25DA%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7:%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D9%2584_%25D9%2588_%25DA%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7%25DA%25BA" title="ویکیپیڈیا:نقل و چسپاں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکیپیڈیا:نقل و چسپاں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%25E5%25BE%259E%25E5%2585%25B6%25E4%25BB%2596%25E4%25BE%2586%25E6%25BA%2590%25E8%25A4%2587%25E8%25A3%25BD%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%259C%25AC%25E8%2587%25B3%25E7%25B6%25AD%25E5%259F%25BA%25E7%2599%25BE%25E7%25A7%2591" title="Wikipedia:從其他來源複製文本至維基百科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:從其他來源複製文本至維基百科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 24 February 2025, at 23:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:Copying_text_from_other_sources%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74fffdc954-fs897","wgBackendResponseTime":214,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Can_I_copy_text_to_Wikipedia_that_I_got_from_somewhere_else?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-If_I_own_the_source,_or_work_for_the_owner_of_the_source,_can_I_copy_it_to_Wikip","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Can_I_copy_if_I_change_the_text_a_little_bit?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Can_I_copy_text_into_a_user_page_or_talk_page_in_order_to_work_on_it?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-What_about_quotes?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_about_copying_from_one_Wikipedia_article_to_another?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Can_I_copy_from_open_license_or_public_domain_sources?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-What_about_attribution-only_programs?-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-What_about_public_domain_programs?-Can_I_copy_text_from_the_interfaces_in_freely-licensed_software?","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Notes","replies":[]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.016"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.282","walltime":"0.372","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1088,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":34007,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3630,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":28440,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 317.762 1 -total"," 32.11% 102.026 1 Template:Wikipedia_copyright"," 31.02% 98.558 1 Template:Helpbox"," 30.48% 96.844 1 Template:Sidebar"," 28.49% 90.543 1 Template:Supplement"," 17.12% 54.401 1 Template:Ombox"," 15.47% 49.145 1 Template:Pp-protect"," 11.27% 35.802 1 Template:Hlist"," 10.54% 33.493 1 Template:Ombox/shortcut"," 10.00% 31.765 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.173","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3202683,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-86b5c64d5b-7d452","timestamp":"20250224234736","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-mw-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('en', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>