Network Service Discovery, Technique T1046 - Enterprise

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Check out the <a href='https://medium.com/mitre-attack/attack-v16-561c76af94cf'>blog post</a> for more information. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v16/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v16/techniques/enterprise">Techniques</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v16/techniques/enterprise">Enterprise</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">Network Service Discovery</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1 id=""> Network Service Discovery </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="description-body"> <p>Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of services running on remote hosts and local network infrastructure devices, including those that may be vulnerable to remote software exploitation. Common methods to acquire this information include port and/or vulnerability scans using tools that are brought onto a system.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CISA. (2021, May 6). Analysis Report (AR21-126A) FiveHands Ransomware. Retrieved June 7, 2021."data-reference="CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021"><sup><a href="https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span> </p><p>Within cloud environments, adversaries may attempt to discover services running on other cloud hosts. Additionally, if the cloud environment is connected to a on-premises environment, adversaries may be able to identify services running on non-cloud systems as well.</p><p>Within macOS environments, adversaries may use the native Bonjour application to discover services running on other macOS hosts within a network. The Bonjour mDNSResponder daemon automatically registers and advertises a host’s registered services on the network. For example, adversaries can use a mDNS query (such as <code>dns-sd -B _ssh._tcp .</code>) to find other systems broadcasting the ssh service.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Apple Inc. (2013, April 23). Bonjour Overview. Retrieved October 11, 2021."data-reference="apple doco bonjour description"><sup><a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/NetServices/Introduction.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Jaron Bradley. (2021, November 14). What does APT Activity Look Like on macOS?. Retrieved January 19, 2022."data-reference="macOS APT Activity Bradley"><sup><a href="https://themittenmac.com/what-does-apt-activity-look-like-on-macos/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>T1046 </div> </div>  <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-techniques: </span> No sub-techniques </div> </div>  <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactic:</span> <a href="/versions/v16/tactics/TA0007">Discovery</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms: </span>Containers, IaaS, Linux, Network, Windows, macOS </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Contributors: </span>Praetorian </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version: </span>3.1 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>31 May 2017 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>11 August 2023 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button permalink"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T1046" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1046/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T1046" href="/techniques/T1046/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1030"> G1030 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1030"> Agrius </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1030">Agrius</a> used the open-source port scanner <code>WinEggDrop</code> to perform detailed scans of hosts of interest in victim networks.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Or Chechik, Tom Fakterman, Daniel Frank & Assaf Dahan. (2023, November 6). Agonizing Serpens (Aka Agrius) Targeting the Israeli Higher Education and Tech Sectors. Retrieved May 22, 2024."data-reference="Unit42 Agrius 2023"><sup><a href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/agonizing-serpens-targets-israeli-tech-higher-ed-sectors/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0050"> G0050 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0050"> APT32 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0050">APT32</a> performed network scanning on the network to search for open ports, services, OS finger-printing, and other vulnerabilities.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018."data-reference="Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"><sup><a href="https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0087"> G0087 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0087"> APT39 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0087">APT39</a> has used <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0488">CrackMapExec</a> and a custom port scanner known as BLUETORCH for network scanning.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-6') id="scite-ref-6-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."data-reference="FireEye APT39 Jan 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="5" aria-describedby="qtip-5">[6]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-7') id="scite-ref-7-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."data-reference="BitDefender Chafer May 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.bitdefender.com/blog/labs/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="6" aria-describedby="qtip-6">[7]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0096"> G0096 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0096"> APT41 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0096">APT41</a> used a malware variant called WIDETONE to conduct port scans on specified subnets.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-8') id="scite-ref-8-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."data-reference="FireEye APT41 Aug 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/sites/default/files/2022-02/rt-apt41-dual-operation.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="7" aria-describedby="qtip-7">[8]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0093"> S0093 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0093"> Backdoor.Oldrea </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0093">Backdoor.Oldrea</a> can use a network scanning module to identify ICS-related ports.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-9') id="scite-ref-9-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Slowik, J. (2021, October). THE BAFFLING BERSERK BEAR: A DECADE’S ACTIVITY TARGETING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE. Retrieved December 6, 2021."data-reference="Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021"><sup><a href="https://vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2021-Slowik.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="8" aria-describedby="qtip-8">[9]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0135"> G0135 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0135"> BackdoorDiplomacy </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0135">BackdoorDiplomacy</a> has used SMBTouch, a vulnerability scanner, to determine whether a target is vulnerable to EternalBlue malware.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-10') id="scite-ref-10-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021"data-reference="ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="9" aria-describedby="qtip-9">[10]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1081"> S1081 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1081"> BADHATCH </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S1081">BADHATCH</a> can check for open ports on a computer by establishing a TCP connection.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-11') id="scite-ref-11-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Vrabie, V., et al. (2021, March 10). FIN8 Returns with Improved BADHATCH Toolkit. Retrieved September 8, 2021."data-reference="BitDefender BADHATCH Mar 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/394/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-BADHATCH-creat5237-en-EN.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="10" aria-describedby="qtip-10">[11]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0089"> S0089 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0089"> BlackEnergy </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0089">BlackEnergy</a> has conducted port scans on a host.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-12') id="scite-ref-12-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016."data-reference="Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014"><sup><a href="https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="11" aria-describedby="qtip-11">[12]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0098"> G0098 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0098"> BlackTech </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0098">BlackTech</a> has used the SNScan tool to find other potential targets on victim networks.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-13') id="scite-ref-13-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Threat Intelligence. (2020, September 29). Palmerworm: Espionage Gang Targets the Media, Finance, and Other Sectors. Retrieved March 25, 2022."data-reference="Symantec Palmerworm Sep 2020"><sup><a href="https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/palmerworm-blacktech-espionage-apt" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="12" aria-describedby="qtip-12">[13]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1063"> S1063 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1063"> Brute Ratel C4 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S1063">Brute Ratel C4</a> can conduct port scanning against targeted systems.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-14') id="scite-ref-14-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Harbison, M. and Renals, P. (2022, July 5). When Pentest Tools Go Brutal: Red-Teaming Tool Being Abused by Malicious Actors. Retrieved February 1, 2023."data-reference="Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022"><sup><a href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/brute-ratel-c4-tool/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="13" aria-describedby="qtip-13">[14]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/campaigns/C0018"> C0018 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/campaigns/C0018"> C0018 </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0018">C0018</a>, the threat actors used the SoftPerfect Network Scanner for network scanning.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-15') id="scite-ref-15-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Venere, G. Neal, C. (2022, June 21). Avos ransomware group expands with new attack arsenal. Retrieved January 11, 2023."data-reference="Cisco Talos Avos Jun 2022"><sup><a href="https://blog.talosintelligence.com/avoslocker-new-arsenal/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="14" aria-describedby="qtip-14">[15]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/campaigns/C0027"> C0027 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/campaigns/C0027"> C0027 </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0027">C0027</a>, used RustScan to scan for open ports on targeted ESXi appliances.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-16') id="scite-ref-16-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Parisi, T. (2022, December 2). Not a SIMulation: CrowdStrike Investigations Reveal Intrusion Campaign Targeting Telco and BPO Companies. Retrieved June 30, 2023."data-reference="Crowdstrike TELCO BPO Campaign December 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/analysis-of-intrusion-campaign-targeting-telecom-and-bpo-companies/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="15" aria-describedby="qtip-15">[16]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0572"> S0572 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0572"> Caterpillar WebShell </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0572">Caterpillar WebShell</a> has a module to use a port scanner on a system.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-17') id="scite-ref-17-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). "Lebanese Cedar" APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."data-reference="ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="16" aria-describedby="qtip-16">[17]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0114"> G0114 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0114"> Chimera </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0114">Chimera</a> has used the <code>get -b <start ip> -e <end ip> -p</code> command for network scanning as well as a custom Python tool packed into a Windows executable named Get.exe to scan IP ranges for HTTP.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-18') id="scite-ref-18-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved September 12, 2024."data-reference="NCC Group Chimera January 2021"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218064220/https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="17" aria-describedby="qtip-17">[18]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0020"> S0020 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0020"> China Chopper </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0020">China Chopper</a>'s server component can spider authentication portals.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-19') id="scite-ref-19-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018."data-reference="FireEye Periscope March 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="18" aria-describedby="qtip-18">[19]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0080"> G0080 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0080"> Cobalt Group </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0080">Cobalt Group</a> leveraged an open-source tool called SoftPerfect Network Scanner to perform network scanning.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-20') id="scite-ref-20-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018."data-reference="PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017"><sup><a href="https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="19" aria-describedby="qtip-19">[20]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-21') id="scite-ref-21-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018."data-reference="PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016"><sup><a href="https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="20" aria-describedby="qtip-20">[21]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-22') id="scite-ref-22-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018."data-reference="Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"><sup><a href="https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="21" aria-describedby="qtip-21">[22]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0154"> S0154 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0154"> Cobalt Strike </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0154">Cobalt Strike</a> can perform port scans from an infected host.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-23') id="scite-ref-23-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Strategic Cyber LLC. (2017, March 14). Cobalt Strike Manual. Retrieved May 24, 2017."data-reference="cobaltstrike manual"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825130434/https://cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual38.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="22" aria-describedby="qtip-22">[23]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-24') id="scite-ref-24-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Mavis, N. (2020, September 21). The Art and Science of Detecting Cobalt Strike. Retrieved September 12, 2024."data-reference="Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210219195905/https://talos-intelligence-site.s3.amazonaws.com/production/document_files/files/000/095/031/original/Talos_Cobalt_Strike.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="23" aria-describedby="qtip-23">[24]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-25') id="scite-ref-25-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Strategic Cyber LLC. (2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. Retrieved April 13, 2021."data-reference="Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="24" aria-describedby="qtip-24">[25]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0608"> S0608 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0608"> Conficker </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0608">Conficker</a> scans for other machines to infect.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-26') id="scite-ref-26-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Burton, K. (n.d.). The Conficker Worm. Retrieved February 18, 2021."data-reference="SANS Conficker"><sup><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200125132645/https://www.sans.org/security-resources/malwarefaq/conficker-worm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="25" aria-describedby="qtip-25">[26]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/campaigns/C0004"> C0004 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/campaigns/C0004"> CostaRicto </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0004">CostaRicto</a>, the threat actors employed nmap and pscan to scan target environments.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-27') id="scite-ref-27-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021."data-reference="BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020"><sup><a href="https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="26" aria-describedby="qtip-26">[27]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0105"> G0105 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0105"> DarkVishnya </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0105">DarkVishnya</a> performed port scanning to obtain the list of active services.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-28') id="scite-ref-28-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Golovanov, S. (2018, December 6). DarkVishnya: Banks attacked through direct connection to local network. Retrieved May 15, 2020."data-reference="Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018"><sup><a href="https://securelist.com/darkvishnya/89169/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="27" aria-describedby="qtip-27">[28]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1003"> G1003 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1003"> Ember Bear </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1003">Ember Bear</a> has used tools such as NMAP for remote system discovery and enumeration in victim environments.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-29') id="scite-ref-29-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="US Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency et al. (2024, September 5). Russian Military Cyber Actors Target U.S. and Global Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved September 6, 2024."data-reference="CISA GRU29155 2024"><sup><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-09/aa24-249a-russian-military-cyber-actors-target-us-and-global-critical-infrastructure.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="28" aria-describedby="qtip-28">[29]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0363"> S0363 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0363"> Empire </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0363">Empire</a> can perform port scans from an infected host.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-30') id="scite-ref-30-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016."data-reference="Github PowerShell Empire"><sup><a href="https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/Empire" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="29" aria-describedby="qtip-29">[30]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1016"> G1016 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1016"> FIN13 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1016">FIN13</a> has utilized <code>nmap</code> for reconnaissance efforts. <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1016">FIN13</a> has also scanned for internal MS-SQL servers in a compromised network.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-31') id="scite-ref-31-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ta, V., et al. (2022, August 8). FIN13: A Cybercriminal Threat Actor Focused on Mexico. Retrieved February 9, 2023."data-reference="Mandiant FIN13 Aug 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/fin13-cybercriminal-mexico" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="30" aria-describedby="qtip-30">[31]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-32') id="scite-ref-32-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Sygnia Incident Response Team. (2022, January 5). TG2003: ELEPHANT BEETLE UNCOVERING AN ORGANIZED FINANCIAL-THEFT OPERATION. Retrieved February 9, 2023."data-reference="Sygnia Elephant Beetle Jan 2022"><sup><a href="https://f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/8776530/Sygnia-%20Elephant%20Beetle_Jan2022.pdf?__hstc=147695848.3e8f1a482c8f8d4531507747318e660b.1680005306711.1680005306711.1680005306711.1&__hssc=147695848.1.1680005306711&__hsfp=3000179024&hsCtaTracking=189ec409-ae2d-4909-8bf1-62dcdd694372%7Cca91d317-8f10-4a38-9f80-367f551ad64d" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="31" aria-describedby="qtip-31">[32]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0037"> G0037 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0037"> FIN6 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0037">FIN6</a> used publicly available tools (including Microsoft's built-in SQL querying tool, osql.exe) to map the internal network and conduct reconnaissance against Active Directory, Structured Query Language (SQL) servers, and NetBIOS.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-33') id="scite-ref-33-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016."data-reference="FireEye FIN6 April 2016"><sup><a href="https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="32" aria-describedby="qtip-32">[33]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0117"> G0117 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0117"> Fox Kitten </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0117">Fox Kitten</a> has used tools including NMAP to conduct broad scanning to identify open ports.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-34') id="scite-ref-34-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."data-reference="CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020"><sup><a href="https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="33" aria-describedby="qtip-33">[34]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-35') id="scite-ref-35-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware – A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."data-reference="ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="34" aria-describedby="qtip-34">[35]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1144"> S1144 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1144"> FRP </a> </td> <td> <p>As part of load balancing <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1144">FRP</a> can set <code>healthCheck.type = "tcp"</code> or <code>healthCheck.type = "http"</code> to check service status on specific hosts with TCPing or an HTTP request.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-36') id="scite-ref-36-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="fatedier. (n.d.). What is frp?. Retrieved July 10, 2024."data-reference="FRP GitHub"><sup><a href="https://github.com/fatedier/frp" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="35" aria-describedby="qtip-35">[36]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0061"> S0061 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0061"> HDoor </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0061">HDoor</a> scans to identify open ports on the victim.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-37') id="scite-ref-37-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019."data-reference="Baumgartner Naikon 2015"><sup><a href="https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="36" aria-describedby="qtip-36">[37]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0698"> S0698 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0698"> HermeticWizard </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0698">HermeticWizard</a> has the ability to scan ports on a compromised network.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-38') id="scite-ref-38-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="ESET. (2022, March 1). IsaacWiper and HermeticWizard: New wiper and worm targetingUkraine. Retrieved April 10, 2022."data-reference="ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/03/01/isaacwiper-hermeticwizard-wiper-worm-targeting-ukraine" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="37" aria-describedby="qtip-37">[38]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0601"> S0601 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0601"> Hildegard </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0601">Hildegard</a> has used masscan to look for kubelets in the internal Kubernetes network.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-39') id="scite-ref-39-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."data-reference="Unit 42 Hildegard Malware"><sup><a href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="38" aria-describedby="qtip-38">[39]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/campaigns/C0038"> C0038 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/campaigns/C0038"> HomeLand Justice </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0038">HomeLand Justice</a>, threat actors executed the Advanced Port Scanner tool on compromised systems.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-40') id="scite-ref-40-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CISA. (2022, September 23). AA22-264A Iranian State Actors Conduct Cyber Operations Against the Government of Albania. Retrieved August 6, 2024."data-reference="CISA Iran Albanian Attacks September 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-264a" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="39" aria-describedby="qtip-39">[40]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-41') id="scite-ref-41-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="MSTIC. (2022, September 8). Microsoft investigates Iranian attacks against the Albanian government. Retrieved August 6, 2024."data-reference="Microsoft Albanian Government Attacks September 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/09/08/microsoft-investigates-iranian-attacks-against-the-albanian-government/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="40" aria-describedby="qtip-40">[41]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1032"> G1032 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1032"> INC Ransom </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1032">INC Ransom</a> has used NETSCAN.EXE for internal reconnaissance.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-42') id="scite-ref-42-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SOCRadar. (2024, January 24). Dark Web Profile: INC Ransom. Retrieved June 5, 2024."data-reference="SOCRadar INC Ransom January 2024"><sup><a href="https://socradar.io/dark-web-profile-inc-ransom/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="41" aria-describedby="qtip-41">[42]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-43') id="scite-ref-43-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelOne. (n.d.). What Is Inc. Ransomware?. Retrieved June 5, 2024."data-reference="SentinelOne INC Ransomware"><sup><a href="https://www.sentinelone.com/anthology/inc-ransom/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="42" aria-describedby="qtip-42">[43]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0604"> S0604 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0604"> Industroyer </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0604">Industroyer</a> uses a custom port scanner to map out a network.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-44') id="scite-ref-44-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial controls systems. Retrieved December 18, 2020."data-reference="ESET Industroyer"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="43" aria-describedby="qtip-43">[44]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0260"> S0260 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0260"> InvisiMole </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0260">InvisiMole</a> can scan the network for open ports and vulnerable instances of RDP and SMB protocols.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-45') id="scite-ref-45-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."data-reference="ESET InvisiMole June 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="44" aria-describedby="qtip-44">[45]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0250"> S0250 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0250"> Koadic </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0250">Koadic</a> can scan for open TCP ports on the target network.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-46') id="scite-ref-46-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved September 27, 2024."data-reference="Github Koadic"><sup><a href="https://github.com/offsecginger/koadic" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="45" aria-describedby="qtip-45">[46]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0032"> G0032 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0032"> Lazarus Group </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0032">Lazarus Group</a> has used nmap from a router VM to scan ports on systems within the restricted segment of an enterprise network.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-47') id="scite-ref-47-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Vyacheslav Kopeytsev and Seongsu Park. (2021, February 25). Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle. Retrieved October 27, 2021."data-reference="Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021"><sup><a href="https://securelist.com/lazarus-threatneedle/100803/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="46" aria-describedby="qtip-46">[47]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0077"> G0077 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0077"> Leafminer </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0077">Leafminer</a> scanned network services to search for vulnerabilities in the victim system.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-48') id="scite-ref-48-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018."data-reference="Symantec Leafminer July 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="47" aria-describedby="qtip-47">[48]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0532"> S0532 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0532"> Lucifer </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0532">Lucifer</a> can scan for open ports including TCP ports 135 and 1433.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-49') id="scite-ref-49-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."data-reference="Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020"><sup><a href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="48" aria-describedby="qtip-48">[49]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0059"> G0059 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0059"> Magic Hound </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0059">Magic Hound</a> has used KPortScan 3.0 to perform SMB, RDP, and LDAP scanning.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-50') id="scite-ref-50-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="DFIR Report. (2021, November 15). Exchange Exploit Leads to Domain Wide Ransomware. Retrieved January 5, 2023."data-reference="DFIR Phosphorus November 2021"><sup><a href="https://thedfirreport.com/2021/11/15/exchange-exploit-leads-to-domain-wide-ransomware/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="49" aria-describedby="qtip-49">[50]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0045"> G0045 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0045"> menuPass </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0045">menuPass</a> has used tcping.exe, similar to <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0097">Ping</a>, to probe port status on systems of interest.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-51') id="scite-ref-51-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017."data-reference="PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"><sup><a href="https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/pwc-uk-operation-cloud-hopper-technical-annex-april-2017.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="50" aria-describedby="qtip-50">[51]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1146"> S1146 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1146"> MgBot </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S1146">MgBot</a> includes modules for performing HTTP and server service scans.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-52') id="scite-ref-52-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Threat Hunter Team. (2023, April 20). Daggerfly: APT Actor Targets Telecoms Company in Africa. Retrieved July 25, 2024."data-reference="Symantec Daggerfly 2023"><sup><a href="https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/threat-intelligence/apt-attacks-telecoms-africa-mgbot" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="51" aria-describedby="qtip-51">[52]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0233"> S0233 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0233"> MURKYTOP </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0233">MURKYTOP</a> has the capability to scan for open ports on hosts in a connected network.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-19') id="scite-ref-19-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018."data-reference="FireEye Periscope March 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="18" aria-describedby="qtip-18">[19]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0019"> G0019 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0019"> Naikon </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0019">Naikon</a> has used the LadonGo scanner to scan target networks.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-53') id="scite-ref-53-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Vrabie, V. (2021, April 23). NAIKON – Traces from a Military Cyber-Espionage Operation. Retrieved June 29, 2021."data-reference="Bitdefender Naikon April 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/396/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-NAIKON-creat5397-en-EN.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="52" aria-describedby="qtip-52">[53]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0590"> S0590 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0590"> NBTscan </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0590">NBTscan</a> can be used to scan IP networks.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-54') id="scite-ref-54-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Bezroutchko, A. (2019, November 19). NBTscan man page. Retrieved March 17, 2021."data-reference="Debian nbtscan Nov 2019"><sup><a href="https://manpages.debian.org/testing/nbtscan/nbtscan.1.en.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="53" aria-describedby="qtip-53">[54]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-55') id="scite-ref-55-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SecTools. (2003, June 11). NBTscan. Retrieved March 17, 2021."data-reference="SecTools nbtscan June 2003"><sup><a href="https://sectools.org/tool/nbtscan/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="54" aria-describedby="qtip-54">[55]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0049"> G0049 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0049"> OilRig </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0049">OilRig</a> has used the publicly available tool SoftPerfect Network Scanner as well as a custom tool called GOLDIRONY to conduct network scanning.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-56') id="scite-ref-56-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017."data-reference="FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"><sup><a href="https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="55" aria-describedby="qtip-55">[56]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/campaigns/C0014"> C0014 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/campaigns/C0014"> Operation Wocao </a> </td> <td> <p>During <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0014">Operation Wocao</a>, threat actors scanned for open ports and used nbtscan to find NETBIOS nameservers.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-57') id="scite-ref-57-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."data-reference="FoxIT Wocao December 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.fox-it.com/media/kadlze5c/201912_report_operation_wocao.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="56" aria-describedby="qtip-56">[57]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0598"> S0598 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0598"> P.A.S. Webshell </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0598">P.A.S. Webshell</a> can scan networks for open ports and listening services.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-58') id="scite-ref-58-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."data-reference="ANSSI Sandworm January 2021"><sup><a href="https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="57" aria-describedby="qtip-57">[58]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0683"> S0683 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0683"> Peirates </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0683">Peirates</a> can initiate a port scan against a given IP address.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-59') id="scite-ref-59-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="InGuardians. (2022, January 5). Peirates GitHub. Retrieved February 8, 2022."data-reference="Peirates GitHub"><sup><a href="https://github.com/inguardians/peirates" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="58" aria-describedby="qtip-58">[59]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0378"> S0378 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0378"> PoshC2 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0378">PoshC2</a> can perform port scans from an infected host.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-60') id="scite-ref-60-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Nettitude. (2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. Retrieved April 23, 2019."data-reference="GitHub PoshC2"><sup><a href="https://github.com/nettitude/PoshC2_Python" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="59" aria-describedby="qtip-59">[60]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0192"> S0192 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0192"> Pupy </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0192">Pupy</a> has a built-in module for port scanning.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-61') id="scite-ref-61-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018."data-reference="GitHub Pupy"><sup><a href="https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="60" aria-describedby="qtip-60">[61]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0583"> S0583 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0583"> Pysa </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0583">Pysa</a> can perform network reconnaissance using the Advanced Port Scanner tool.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-62') id="scite-ref-62-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021."data-reference="CERT-FR PYSA April 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2020-CTI-003.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="61" aria-describedby="qtip-61">[62]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0458"> S0458 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0458"> Ramsay </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0458">Ramsay</a> can scan for systems that are vulnerable to the EternalBlue exploit.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-63') id="scite-ref-63-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber‑espionage toolkit tailored for air‑gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."data-reference="Eset Ramsay May 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="62" aria-describedby="qtip-62">[63]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-64') id="scite-ref-64-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Antiy CERT. (2020, April 20). Analysis of Ramsay components of Darkhotel's infiltration and isolation network. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.programmersought.com/article/62493896999/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="63" aria-describedby="qtip-63">[64]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1039"> G1039 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1039"> RedCurl </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1039">RedCurl</a> has used netstat to check if port 4119 is open.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-65') id="scite-ref-65-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Tancio et al. (2024, March 6). Unveiling Earth Kapre aka RedCurl’s Cyberespionage Tactics With Trend Micro MDR, Threat Intelligence. Retrieved August 9, 2024."data-reference="trendmicro_redcurl"><sup><a href="https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/c/unveiling-earth-kapre-aka-redcurls-cyberespionage-tactics-with-t.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="64" aria-describedby="qtip-64">[65]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0125"> S0125 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0125"> Remsec </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0125">Remsec</a> has a plugin that can perform ARP scanning as well as port scanning.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-66') id="scite-ref-66-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016."data-reference="Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis"><sup><a href="https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="65" aria-describedby="qtip-65">[66]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0106"> G0106 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0106"> Rocke </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0106">Rocke</a> conducted scanning for exposed TCP port 7001 as well as SSH and Redis servers.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-67') id="scite-ref-67-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Liebenberg, D.. (2018, August 30). Rocke: The Champion of Monero Miners. Retrieved May 26, 2020."data-reference="Talos Rocke August 2018"><sup><a href="https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/08/rocke-champion-of-monero-miners.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="66" aria-describedby="qtip-66">[67]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-68') id="scite-ref-68-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Anomali Labs. (2019, March 15). Rocke Evolves Its Arsenal With a New Malware Family Written in Golang. Retrieved April 24, 2019."data-reference="Anomali Rocke March 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.anomali.com/blog/rocke-evolves-its-arsenal-with-a-new-malware-family-written-in-golang" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="67" aria-describedby="qtip-67">[68]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1073"> S1073 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S1073"> Royal </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S1073">Royal</a> can scan the network interfaces of targeted systems.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-69') id="scite-ref-69-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cybereason Global SOC and Cybereason Security Research Teams. (2022, December 14). Royal Rumble: Analysis of Royal Ransomware. Retrieved March 30, 2023."data-reference="Cybereason Royal December 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.cybereason.com/blog/royal-ransomware-analysis" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="68" aria-describedby="qtip-68">[69]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0692"> S0692 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0692"> SILENTTRINITY </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0692">SILENTTRINITY</a> can scan for open ports on a compromised machine.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-70') id="scite-ref-70-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Salvati, M. (2019, August 6). SILENTTRINITY Modules. Retrieved March 24, 2022."data-reference="GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019"><sup><a href="https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/SILENTTRINITY/tree/master/silenttrinity/core/teamserver/modules/boo" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="69" aria-describedby="qtip-69">[70]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0374"> S0374 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0374"> SpeakUp </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0374">SpeakUp</a> checks for availability of specific ports on servers.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-71') id="scite-ref-71-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Check Point Research. (2019, February 4). SpeakUp: A New Undetected Backdoor Linux Trojan. Retrieved April 17, 2019."data-reference="CheckPoint SpeakUp Feb 2019"><sup><a href="https://research.checkpoint.com/speakup-a-new-undetected-backdoor-linux-trojan/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="70" aria-describedby="qtip-70">[71]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0039"> G0039 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0039"> Suckfly </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0039">Suckfly</a> the victim's internal network for hosts with ports 8080, 5900, and 40 open.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-72') id="scite-ref-72-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="DiMaggio, J. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016."data-reference="Symantec Suckfly May 2016"><sup><a href="http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="71" aria-describedby="qtip-71">[72]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0139"> G0139 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0139"> TeamTNT </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0139">TeamTNT</a> has used masscan to search for open Docker API ports and Kubernetes clusters.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-73') id="scite-ref-73-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cado Security. (2020, August 16). Team TNT – The First Crypto-Mining Worm to Steal AWS Credentials. Retrieved September 22, 2021."data-reference="Cado Security TeamTNT Worm August 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.cadosecurity.com/team-tnt-the-first-crypto-mining-worm-to-steal-aws-credentials/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="72" aria-describedby="qtip-72">[73]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-39') id="scite-ref-39-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."data-reference="Unit 42 Hildegard Malware"><sup><a href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="38" aria-describedby="qtip-38">[39]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-74') id="scite-ref-74-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Darin Smith. (2022, April 21). TeamTNT targeting AWS, Alibaba. Retrieved August 4, 2022."data-reference="Cisco Talos Intelligence Group"><sup><a href="https://blog.talosintelligence.com/teamtnt-targeting-aws-alibaba-2/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="73" aria-describedby="qtip-73">[74]</a></sup></span> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0139">TeamTNT</a> has also used malware that utilizes zmap and zgrab to search for vulnerable services in cloud environments.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-75') id="scite-ref-75-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Quist, N. (2020, October 5). Black-T: New Cryptojacking Variant from TeamTNT. Retrieved September 22, 2021."data-reference="Palo Alto Black-T October 2020"><sup><a href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/black-t-cryptojacking-variant/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="74" aria-describedby="qtip-74">[75]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0027"> G0027 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0027"> Threat Group-3390 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0027">Threat Group-3390</a> actors use the Hunter tool to conduct network service discovery for vulnerable systems.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-76') id="scite-ref-76-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018."data-reference="Dell TG-3390"><sup><a href="https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="75" aria-describedby="qtip-75">[76]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-77') id="scite-ref-77-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019."data-reference="Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019"><sup><a href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="76" aria-describedby="qtip-76">[77]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0081"> G0081 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0081"> Tropic Trooper </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0081">Tropic Trooper</a> used <code>pr</code> and an openly available tool to scan for open ports on target systems.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-78') id="scite-ref-78-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019."data-reference="TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015"><sup><a href="https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="77" aria-describedby="qtip-77">[78]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-79') id="scite-ref-79-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper’s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."data-reference="TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020"><sup><a href="https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="78" aria-describedby="qtip-78">[79]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1017"> G1017 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1017"> Volt Typhoon </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G1017">Volt Typhoon</a> has used commercial tools, LOTL utilities, and appliances already present on the system for network service discovery.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-80') id="scite-ref-80-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="CISA et al.. (2024, February 7). PRC State-Sponsored Actors Compromise and Maintain Persistent Access to U.S. Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 15, 2024."data-reference="CISA AA24-038A PRC Critical Infrastructure February 2024"><sup><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/aa24-038a_csa_prc_state_sponsored_actors_compromise_us_critical_infrastructure_3.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="79" aria-describedby="qtip-79">[80]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0341"> S0341 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0341"> Xbash </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0341">Xbash</a> can perform port scanning of TCP and UDP ports.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-81') id="scite-ref-81-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018."data-reference="Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"><sup><a href="https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="80" aria-describedby="qtip-80">[81]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0117"> S0117 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0117"> XTunnel </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0117">XTunnel</a> is capable of probing the network for open ports.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-82') id="scite-ref-82-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Belcher, P.. (2016, July 28). Tunnel of Gov: DNC Hack and the Russian XTunnel. Retrieved August 3, 2016."data-reference="Invincea XTunnel"><sup><a href="https://www.invincea.com/2016/07/tunnel-of-gov-dnc-hack-and-the-russian-xtunnel/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="81" aria-describedby="qtip-81">[82]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0412"> S0412 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/software/S0412"> ZxShell </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/software/S0412">ZxShell</a> can launch port scans.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-8') id="scite-ref-8-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."data-reference="FireEye APT41 Aug 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/sites/default/files/2022-02/rt-apt41-dual-operation.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="7" aria-describedby="qtip-7">[8]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-83') id="scite-ref-83-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Allievi, A., et al. (2014, October 28). Threat Spotlight: Group 72, Opening the ZxShell. Retrieved September 24, 2019."data-reference="Talos ZxShell Oct 2014"><sup><a href="https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/opening-zxshell" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="82" aria-describedby="qtip-82">[83]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M1042"> M1042 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M1042"> Disable or Remove Feature or Program </a> </td> <td> <p>Ensure that unnecessary ports and services are closed to prevent risk of discovery and potential exploitation.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M1031"> M1031 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M1031"> Network Intrusion Prevention </a> </td> <td> <p>Use network intrusion detection/prevention systems to detect and prevent remote service scans.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M1030"> M1030 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/mitigations/M1030"> Network Segmentation </a> </td> <td> <p>Ensure proper network segmentation is followed to protect critical servers and devices.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0025"> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/datasources/DS0025">DS0025</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/versions/v16/datasources/DS0025">Cloud Service</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0025/#Cloud%20Service%20Enumeration">Cloud Service Enumeration</a> </td> <td> <p>Cloud service discovery techniques will likely occur throughout an operation where an adversary is targeting cloud-based systems and services. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.Normal, benign system and network events that look like cloud service discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor cloud service usage for anomalous behavior that may indicate adversarial presence within the environment.</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0017"> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/datasources/DS0017">DS0017</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/versions/v16/datasources/DS0017">Command</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0017/#Command%20Execution">Command Execution</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor executed commands and arguments that may attempt to get a listing of services running on remote hosts, including those that may be vulnerable to remote software exploitation.</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0029"> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/datasources/DS0029">DS0029</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/versions/v16/datasources/DS0029">Network Traffic</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0029/#Network%20Traffic%20Flow">Network Traffic Flow</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor network data for uncommon data flows. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. It should be noted that when a host/ port/ service scan is performed from a compromised machine, a single machine makes multiple calls to other hosts in the network to identify live hosts and services.</p><p>After compromising an initial machine, adversaries commonly attempt to laterally move across the network. The first step to attempt the <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008">Lateral Movement</a> often involves conducting host identification, port and service scans on the internal network via the compromised machine using tools such as Nmap, Cobalt Strike, etc.</p><p>Note: It should be noted that when a host/ port/ service scan is performed from a compromised machine, a single machine makes multiple calls to other hosts in the network to identify live hosts and services. This can be detected using the following query</p><p>Analytic 1 - Identifying Port Scanning Activity</p><p><code>sourcetype='firewall_logs' dest_ip='internal_subnet' | stats dc(dest_port) as pcount by src_ip | where pcount >5</code></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a" target="_blank"> CISA. (2021, May 6). Analysis Report (AR21-126A) FiveHands Ransomware. Retrieved June 7, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/NetServices/Introduction.html" target="_blank"> Apple Inc. 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