“Una botella de agua que usamos menos de un minuto tarda siglos en descomponerse”

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Es un material persistente, que no se degrada y que se fragmenta en trozos cada vez m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os. Estos se acumulan, sobre todo, en mares y oc\u00e9anos, donde tardan en descomponerse siglos. Anna S\u00e0nchez-Vidal, ocean\u00f3grafa, ambient\u00f3loga y miembro del grupo de investigaci\u00f3n en Geociencias Marinas de la Universitat de Barcelona, estudia la abundancia, origen e impacto medioambiental de los micropl\u00e1sticos en la costa.","keywords":"botella, agua, minuto, tarda, siglos, descomponerse","articleSection":"Big Vang","articleBody":"En el mundo se han producido hasta el momento unos 10.000 millones de toneladas de pl\u00e1stico, la mitad de las cuales en los \u00faltimos 20 a\u00f1os. Es un material persistente, que no se degrada y que se fragmenta en trozos cada vez m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os. Estos se acumulan, sobre todo, en mares y oc\u00e9anos, donde tardan en descomponerse siglos. Anna S\u00e0nchez-Vidal, ocean\u00f3grafa, ambient\u00f3loga y miembro del grupo de investigaci\u00f3n en Geociencias Marinas de la Universitat de Barcelona, estudia la abundancia, origen e impacto medioambiental de los micropl\u00e1sticos en la costa. Se calcula que cada a\u00f1o llegan a los oc\u00e9anos 12 millones de toneladas de desperdicios de pl\u00e1stico de todo tipo. Y all\u00ed, por la luz ultravioleta y la abrasi\u00f3n de las olas, se fragmentan en trozos m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os. Los que tienen un tama\u00f1o inferior a 5 mm se denominan micropl\u00e1sticos, y son irrecuperables del medio. Adem\u00e1s, durante su proceso de fabricaci\u00f3n se utilizan un mont\u00f3n de compuestos qu\u00edmicos y aditivos para otorgarle cualidades, como durabilidad o resistencia, que son tambi\u00e9n t\u00f3xicas. \u00bfA d\u00f3nde va a parar todo ese pl\u00e1stico? No lo sabemos una vez llega al mar y se fragmenta. Durante d\u00e9cadas se crey\u00f3 que se amontonaba formando grandes acumulaciones en alta mar. Sin embargo, los modelos y estimaciones mostraban que solo unas 0,5 millones de toneladas estaban flotando en el medio marino. Era imposible que el resto se hubiera hundido. As\u00ed es eso nos hizo sospechar que la mayor\u00eda del pl\u00e1stico aun no hab\u00eda llegado a mar abierto. El problema era que los ocean\u00f3grafos a bordo de grandes barcos de investigaci\u00f3n solo pod\u00edan hacer estudios en alta mar, por lo que carec\u00edamos de datos sobre la costa. Y comenzamos a pensar que all\u00ed estaba parte de la respuesta al problema. \u00bfQu\u00e9 hab\u00e9is descubierto? Que tenemos los pl\u00e1sticos mucho m\u00e1s cerca de lo que pens\u00e1bamos, lo que tiene implicaciones muy importantes tanto a nivel de medio ambiente como sobre la salud de los organismos, incluidos los humanos. Por eso investigamos para saber cu\u00e1ntos hay, de d\u00f3nde proceden y qu\u00e9 impacto tienen. \u00bfC\u00f3mo lo hac\u00e9is? Empezamos trabajando con estudiantes del grado de ciencias del mar de la Universitat de Barcelona y dise\u00f1amos una red para recoger micropl\u00e1sticos con embarcaciones sin motor. Durante un a\u00f1o, recogimos muestras en las playas de Barcelona y comenzamos a ver que tanto el origen del pl\u00e1stico como la tipolog\u00eda de este material variaba mucho en funci\u00f3n de la estaci\u00f3n. No sab\u00edamos si eso era una anomal\u00eda o suced\u00eda en otros lados. Entonces decidimos implicar a la ciudadan\u00eda para poder tomar m\u00e1s muestras y expandir el territorio de estudio. \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 manera? Cada vez que \u00edbamos a la playa de Sant Sebasti\u00e0 en la Barceloneta a muestrear, muchas personas ya se nos acercaban con curiosidad y nos hac\u00eda preguntas. As\u00ed es que les pedimos ayuda y empezamos un proyecto de ciencia ciudadana que ha supuesto un cambio de paradigma sobre la contaminaci\u00f3n por pl\u00e1sticos que flota en los oc\u00e9anos. Hemos empoderado a la ciudadan\u00eda. Comenzamos en 2009 en Catalunya, ahora ya estamos en Pa\u00eds Vasco tambi\u00e9n y pr\u00f3ximamente, en Islas Baleares. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la funci\u00f3n de los ciudadanos? Durante una milla n\u00e1utica arrastran una red de 330 micras, todo lo que tiene una medida superior queda retenido. La malla tiene un recolector al final que los ciudadanos lo sacan, cierran, sellan y nos lo env\u00edan a la universidad, donde extraemos los micropl\u00e1sticos y los contamos y medimos. En la costa de Barcelona hemos hallado m\u00e1ximos de 45 micropl\u00e1sticos por metro cuadrado. En funci\u00f3n de la forma y del color sabemos si llevan m\u00e1s o menos tiempo en el entorno y el an\u00e1lisis del pol\u00edmero nos permite hacernos una idea de su origen. \u00bfDe d\u00f3nde proceden los pl\u00e1sticos que encontr\u00e1is? Hemos encontrado desde film de la fragmentaci\u00f3n de bolsas, envases, botellas, hasta pl\u00e1sticos procedentes de neum\u00e1ticos de coches y fibras textiles; filamentos de pesca, c\u00e9sped artificial, que encontramos mucho y supone un problema importante; microesferas de productos cosm\u00e9ticos y espumas procedentes de la fragmentaci\u00f3n de envases de comida. Y pellets, micropl\u00e1sticos que son usados como materia prima por empresas que fabrican objetos de pl\u00e1stico. Las playas de Tarragona, por ejemplo, est\u00e1n cubiertas de pellets. \u00bfQu\u00e9 impacto tienen esos micropl\u00e1sticos? Depende del tama\u00f1o del pl\u00e1stico y del organismo. Los pl\u00e1sticos muy grandes son usados por organismos peque\u00f1os como substrato, lo que ocasiona problemas de transporte de un lugar a otro de especies invasoras. Organismos m\u00e1s grandes se enredan y ahogan con pl\u00e1sticos m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os. Y luego est\u00e1 el problema de la ingesta: animales como las aves marinas que confunden los micropl\u00e1sticos con alimento, lo que hace que no se alimenten, porque tienen sensaci\u00f3n de saciedad, crezcan menos y acaben muriendo por inanici\u00f3n. Y debemos mencionar los aditivos qu\u00edmicos que lleva el pl\u00e1stico, m\u00e1s de 10.000, que provocan alteraciones en el sistema endocrino y respuesta inflamatoria en los animales. Animales que luego ingerimos los humanos. Se han hallado micropl\u00e1sticos en heces humanas, leche materna y pulmones. Al abrir una bolsa de patatas fritas ya estamos liberando una gran cantidad de micropl\u00e1sticos al ambiente que inhalamos o ingerimos, probablemente m\u00e1s que los que nos puedan llegar a trav\u00e9s del pescado. Bebemos agua o refrescos embotellados en pl\u00e1stico, comemos vegetales o carne envasada en pl\u00e1stico. Nos vestimos con pl\u00e1stico. El problema de los micropl\u00e1sticos en el mar nos tiene que preocupar porque degrada el medio marino a una escala que es imposible de asumir: una botella de agua peque\u00f1a que usamos menos de un minuto tarda entre 500 y 1.000 a\u00f1os en descomponerse. 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var triggerAuth = function(opts) { try { opts = opts || {}; opts.webtypesAllowed = ["story-reportage", "story-video", "la-contra", "lacontra", "story", "opinion", "homepage", "section-page", "section-page-opinion", "topics", "special-section-page"]; opts.exemptedSections = ["television", "series", "cribeo", "participacion", "de-moda", "motor", "comer", "magazine","gente"]; opts.webtypesAllowedPaywall = ["story-reportage", "story-video", "la-contra", "lacontra", "story", "opinion", "homepage","section-page","section-page-opinion", "topics", "special-section-page"]; opts.webtypesAllowedNotifier = ["story-reportage", "story-video", "la-contra", "lacontra", "story", "opinion", "homepage", "section-page","section-page-opinion", "topics", "special-section-page"]; opts.usertypeNotifierAllowed = ["anonimo", "registrado", "acceso_digital", "exsuscriptor"]; opts.googleOneTap.webtypesAllowed = ["homepage"]; var sections = gg.paywall.utils.getSections(ggPageData.sections); var category = gg.paywall.utils.getCategory(ggPageData.sections); var accessType = gg.paywall.utils.getAccessType(ggPageData.accessType); window.params = window["params"] || {}; params["articleId"] = ggPageData.contentId; params["section"] = sections[0]; params["category"] = category; params["webtype"] = ggPageData.webType; params["authors"] = gg.paywall.utils.removeHash(ggPageData.authorName); params["site"] = window.location.hostname; try { params["registered"] = gg.paywall.utils.getRegisteredValue(gg.accounts.getUser().registrationDate); params["consentType"] = ((!sections || sections.length === 0 || sections[0] !== 'pages') && (typeof gg.paywall.utils.isSubscriptionRequiredByCMP === 'function' && gg.paywall.utils.isSubscriptionRequiredByCMP(__evContext.consentString))) ? "no" : "yes"; } catch(e){} try { if (typeof adsCfg !== "undefined") { if (typeof adsCfg.keys['topics'] !== "undefined") { params["tags"] = Array.isArray(adsCfg.keys['topics']) ? adsCfg.keys['topics'].join(',') : adsCfg.keys['topics']; } } } catch(e) {console.log(e)} params["publicationDate"] = gg.paywall.utils.getDate(ggPageData.publicationDate); params["modificationDate"] = gg.paywall.utils.getDate(ggPageData.modificationDate); params["facet"]= ggPageData.facet; params["url1"]= sections[0]; params["url2"]= category.split("/")[0]; params["accessType"] = accessType; params["platform"] = opts.isApp ? (gg.accounts.getCustomUserAgent() || "").replace(/[^A-Za-z]/g, "") : ggPageData.facet; if (!opts.isInfiniteScroll || !opts.onAuthTriggered || (opts.isApp && !gg.accounts.didomiLogged())) { if (opts.onAuth && typeof opts.onAuth === "function") { opts.onAuth(params, opts.token, opts.platform); opts.onAuthTriggered = true; } } else { gg.paywall.verifyAuthorization(params, opts.isApp); } } catch(e) { console.log(e); } }; var registerParams = function() { if (__evContext.isParamsHandlerRegistered) { return; } window.didomiOnReady = window.didomiOnReady || []; window.didomiOnReady.push(function (Didomi) { try { __evContext.articleContainer = document.querySelectorAll("article.article-default")[0]; if (window.ggReady || (document.readyState === 'complete')) { gg.didomi.onTCLoaded(function(){ triggerAuth(__evContext); }); } else { document.addEventListener('readystatechange', (e) => { if (document.readyState === 'complete') { gg.didomi.onTCLoaded(function(){ triggerAuth(__evContext); }); } }); } __evContext.isParamsHandlerRegistered = true; } catch(e) { console.log(e); } }); }; var registerInfiniteScroll = function() { if (__evContext.isInfiniteScrollHandlerRegistered) { return; } document.addEventListener("infiniteScrollChangeUrl", function(event) { if (!__evContext.isInfiniteScroll) { __evContext.isInfiniteScroll = true; } __evContext.articleContainer = event.articleContainer; triggerAuth(__evContext); }); __evContext.isInfiniteScrollHandlerRegistered = true; }; if (ggPageData) { var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ environment: ggPageData.environment, contentId: ggPageData.contentId, webType: ggPageData.webType, slug: ggPageData.slug, facet: ggPageData.facet, accessType: ggPageData.accessType, authorName: ggPageData.authorName, firstHistoricalCreator: ggPageData.firstHistoricalCreator, sections: ggPageData.sections, topics: ggPageData.topics, wordCounter: ggPageData.wordCounter, inlineNews: ggPageData.inlineNews, relatedNews: ggPageData.relatedNews, creationDate: ggPageData.creationDate, forcedUpdateDate: ggPageData.forcedUpdateDate, modificationDate: ggPageData.modificationDate, publicationDate: ggPageData.publicationDate, signwallDate: ggPageData.signwallDate, path: ggPageData.path, unitName: ggPageData.unitName, pageKeys: ggPageData.pageKeys, trackingId: ggPageData.trackingId, }); var autorefresh = !!window.performance.navigation.type && sessionStorage.getItem('autorefresh') || false; sessionStorage.removeItem('autorefresh'); if (ggPageData.content != undefined) { /* GA4 all new */ dataLayer.push({ content: { id: ggPageData.content.contentId, creationDate: ggPageData.content.creationDate || undefined, publicationDate: ggPageData.content.publicationDate || undefined, modificationDate: ggPageData.content.modificationDate || undefined, authorName: ggPageData.content.authorName || undefined, authorCreator: ggPageData.content.authorCreator || undefined, authorPublication: ggPageData.content.authorPublication || undefined, authorModification: ggPageData.content.authorModification || undefined, firstHistoricalCreator: ggPageData.content.firstHistoricalCreator || undefined, relatedNews: ggPageData.content.relatedNews || undefined, inlineNews: ggPageData.content.inlineNews || undefined, wordCounter: ggPageData.content.wordCounter || undefined, topics: ggPageData.content.topics || undefined }, page: { webType: ggPageData.page.webType, mainSection: ggPageData.page.mainSection || undefined, accessType: ggPageData.page.accessType || undefined, nav_is_infinito: ggPageData.page.navIsInfinito || undefined }, ad: { unitName: ggPageData.ad.unitName || undefined, ismonetized: true }, tech: { facet: ggPageData.tech.facet || undefined, company: ggPageData.tech.company || undefined, environment: ggPageData.tech.environment || ggPageData.environment || undefined, cms: ggPageData.tech.cms || undefined, autorefresh: autorefresh } }); } else { /* GA4 from legacy ggPageData */ dataLayer.push({ content: { id: ggPageData.contentId, creationDate: ggPageData.creationDate || undefined, publicationDate: ggPageData.publicationDate || undefined, modificationDate: ggPageData.modificationDate || undefined, authorName: ggPageData.authorName || undefined, authorCreator: ggPageData.authorCreator || undefined, authorPublication: ggPageData.authorPublication || undefined, authorModification: ggPageData.authorModification || undefined, firstHistoricalCreator: ggPageData.firstHistoricalCreator || undefined, relatedNews: ggPageData.relatedNews || undefined, inlineNews: ggPageData.inlineNews || undefined, wordCounter: ggPageData.wordCounter || undefined, topics: ggPageData.topics || undefined }, page: { webType: ggPageData.webType, mainSection: ggPageData.mainSection || undefined, accessType: ggPageData.accessType || undefined }, ad: { unitName: ggPageData.unitName || undefined, ismonetized: true }, tech: { facet: ggPageData.facet || undefined, company: "LV", environment: ggPageData.environment, cms: "xalok", autorefresh: autorefresh } }); } } if (typeof ggIsApp !== 'undefined' && ggIsApp) { function logEventGA4Native(name, params) { if (!name) { return; } if (window.AnalyticsWebInterface) { // Call Android interface window.AnalyticsWebInterface.logEvent(name, JSON.stringify(params)); //alert("Sent event: "+name+" ... "+JSON.stringify(params)); } else if (window.webkit && window.webkit.messageHandlers && window.webkit.messageHandlers.firebase) { // Call iOS interface var message = { command: 'logEvent', name: name, parameters: params }; window.webkit.messageHandlers.firebase.postMessage(message); } else { // No Android or iOS interface found console.log("No native APIs found."); } }; function setUserPropertyGA4Native(name, value) { if (!name || !value) { return; } if (window.AnalyticsWebInterface) { // Call Android interface window.AnalyticsWebInterface.setUserProperty(name, value); } else if (window.webkit && window.webkit.messageHandlers && window.webkit.messageHandlers.firebase) { // Call iOS interface var message = { command: 'setUserProperty', name: name, value: value }; window.webkit.messageHandlers.firebase.postMessage(message); } else { // No Android or iOS interface found console.log("No native APIs found."); } }; var callbackPopulate = function(token, populateFromApp, isNativePurchaseEnabled) { try { __evContext.isApp = true; __evContext.token = token; __evContext.isNativePurchaseEnabled = isNativePurchaseEnabled; populateFromApp = JSON.parse(populateFromApp); } catch(e) {} if (dataLayer) { if (populateFromApp && typeof populateFromApp === "object") { dataLayer.push({ osVersion: populateFromApp.osVersion, kuid: populateFromApp.kuid, dt_kuid: populateFromApp.dt_kuid, userId: populateFromApp.userId }); window["mobileUserId"] = populateFromApp.userId; __evContext.consentString = populateFromApp.consentString || ""; } gg.didomi.doWhenConsent(!window.didomiBypass, 'google', function () { initGtm(); }); loadGtm('GTM-TQV75HX5'); var appPageData = window.appPageData || {}; if (ggPageData.content != undefined) { /* GA4 all new */ appPageData = { content_id: ggPageData.content.contentId, content_date_creation: ggPageData.content.creationDate || undefined, content_date_publication: ggPageData.content.publicationDate || undefined, content_date_modification: ggPageData.content.modificationDate || undefined, content_author_name: ggPageData.content.authorName || undefined, content_author_creation: ggPageData.content.authorCreator || undefined, content_author_publication: ggPageData.content.authorPublication || undefined, content_author_modification: ggPageData.content.authorModification || undefined, content_author_firstCreator: ggPageData.content.firstHistoricalCreator || undefined, content_topics: ggPageData.content.topics || undefined, content_news_related: ggPageData.content.relatedNews || undefined, content_word_counter: ggPageData.content.wordCounter || undefined, content_news_inline: ggPageData.content.inlineNews || undefined, content_access: (ggPageData.page.accessType !== undefined) ? (ggPageData.page.accessType.includes('abierto') ? 'abierto' : 'cerrado') : undefined, webtype: ggPageData.page.webType, ad_unitname: ggPageData.ad.unitName || undefined, ismonetized: true || undefined, platform_name: ggPageData.tech.facet || undefined, tech_cms: "xalok", company_name: "LV", tech_environment: ggPageData.tech.environment || ggPageData.environment || undefined, page_url_path: document.location.pathname }; } else { /* GA4 from legacy ggPageData */ appPageData = { content_id: ggPageData.contentId, content_date_creation: ggPageData.creationDate || undefined, content_date_publication: ggPageData.publicationDate || undefined, content_date_modification: ggPageData.modificationDate || undefined, content_author_name: ggPageData.authorName || undefined, content_author_creation: ggPageData.authorCreator || undefined, content_author_publication: ggPageData.authorPublication || undefined, content_author_modification: ggPageData.authorModification || undefined, content_author_firstCreator: ggPageData.firstHistoricalCreator || undefined, content_topics: ggPageData.topics || undefined, content_news_related: ggPageData.relatedNews || undefined, content_word_counter: ggPageData.wordCounter || undefined, content_news_inline: ggPageData.inlineNews || undefined, content_access: (ggPageData.accessType !== undefined) ? (ggPageData.accessType.includes('abierto') ? 'abierto' : 'cerrado') : undefined, webtype: ggPageData.webType, ad_unitname: ggPageData.unitName || undefined, ismonetized: true || undefined, platform_name: ggPageData.facet || undefined, tech_cms: "xalok", company_name: "LV", tech_environment: ggPageData.environment || undefined, page_url_path: document.location.pathname }; } window.appPageData = appPageData; logEventGA4Native("page_view", appPageData); __evContext.onAuth = function(params, token, platform) { gg.accounts.evAppInitV2(params, token, platform); } registerParams(); if (__evContext.token) { registerInfiniteScroll(); } } }; var userAgent = navigator.userAgent; try { if (/android/i.test(userAgent)){ __evContext.platform = "android"; appCallback.sendMessage("POPULATE"); } else if (/iPad|iPhone|iPod/i.test(userAgent)){ __evContext.platform = "ios"; window.webkit.messageHandlers.appCallback.postMessage("POPULATE"); } } catch(e) { console.log("caught exception fwdToAppPopulate"+': ' + e); } } else { gg.didomi.doWhenConsent(!window.didomiBypass, 'google', function () { initGtm(); }); loadGtm('GTM-TQV75HX5'); __evContext.onAuth = function(params) { gg.accounts.evInit(params); } registerParams(); registerInfiniteScroll(); } </script> <script type="script/gg"> var userInfo = {}; var userId = gg.cookie.get(gg.accounts.cookieName); if (userId) userInfo.userId = userId; userInfo.userType = gg.accounts.getUserType(); userInfo.userAge = (typeof gg.accounts.getUser().getAge === 'function') ? gg.accounts.getUser().getAge() : ""; userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration = gg.accounts.getUser().registrationDate ? gg.paywall.utils.getRegisteredValue(gg.accounts.getUser().registrationDate) : ""; dataLayer.push(userInfo); /* GA4 */ userInfo.evolokId = (gg.accounts.getUser().getEvolokId !== undefined ? gg.accounts.getUser().getEvolokId() || undefined : undefined); userInfo.roles = (gg.accounts.getUser().getRoleName !== undefined ? gg.accounts.getUser().getRoleName() || undefined : undefined); userInfo.registerDate = (gg.accounts.getUser().getRegisterDate !== undefined ? gg.accounts.getUser().getRegisterDate() || undefined : undefined); userInfo.newsletters = (gg.accounts.getUser().getNewsletterList !== undefined ? gg.accounts.getUser().getNewsletterList() || undefined : undefined); userInfo.communications = (gg.accounts.getUser().getCommunicationList !== undefined ? gg.accounts.getUser().getCommunicationList() || undefined : undefined); if (userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration == false) userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration = undefined; userInfo.userId = userInfo.userId || undefined; userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration = userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration || undefined; dataLayer.push({ user: userInfo }); if (typeof ggIsApp !== 'undefined' && ggIsApp) { setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_evolok_id", userInfo.evolokId); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_type", userInfo.userType); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_rol_name", userInfo.roles); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_register_date", userInfo.registerDate); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_monthsFromRegist", userInfo.monthsFromUserRegistration); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_newsletter_list", userInfo.newsletters); setUserPropertyGA4Native("user_communications_list", userInfo.communications); } </script> <script type="script/gg"> gg.qualifio.sso(); </script> <script type="script/gg"> var gamMonitorization = function (event) { if(event.isEmpty === false){ dataLayer.push({ad: {"gamMonetized": true}}); detenerEventListener(); }; }; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded", gamMonitorization); }); function detenerEventListener() { googletag.pubads().removeEventListener("slotRenderEnded", gamMonitorization); }; </script> <script> document.addEventListener("paywall.authorize.response", function(event) { dataLayer.push({wallAutRes: event.detail.result}) }); document.addEventListener("paywall.template.response", function(event) { dataLayer.push({wallTempRes: event.detail.modal}) }); </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.lavanguardia.com/assets/global.85963590f4c232ad12a8.js" defer></script> <script> const onGGLoad = () => { document.querySelectorAll('script[type=\"script/gg\"]') .forEach(scr => { try { eval.call(window, scr.textContent) } catch (e) { console.error('Error running gg script', e); console.log('gg script contents:', scr.textContent); } }); window.ggReady = true; document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("ggReady", {})); } document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { return onGGLoad(); }); </script> <script src="https://rsc.lavanguardia.com/js/godo-base1x-v1000960.js" defer fetchpriority="low"></script> <script src="https://rsc.lavanguardia.com/js/accounts-v1001256.js" defer fetchpriority="low"></script> <script type="script/gg"> console.log('start'); gg.breakpoint.setBreakpoints({ 'xs': 0, 'md': 768 }, true); gg.util.disableImageLoading(); </script> <script> var godo = {}; godo.ads = []; </script> <script type="script/gg"> Breakpoint.init([ { name: 'xs', maxWidth: 767 }, { name: 'md', maxWidth: Infinity } ]); </script> <script> /* conditions to allow PiP Youtube Mini player */ /*ytMiniDisplayConds = window.innerWidth >= 1880 && ggPageData.mainSection.includes('cribeo', 1) || ggPageData.mainSection.includes('television', 1);*/ ytMiniDisplayConds = false; </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.lavanguardia.com/css/fonts.css" fetchpriority="low" /> <script type="script/gg"> window.lv = window.lv || {}; window.lv.onWallpaperAdv = function (s) { if(s.displayed) { document.querySelector("body").classList.add("wallpaper-adv-active"); } }; </script> <style> .supra-header-icons .shi-alerts { display:none; } /*Tablet fixes*/ .main-container{ position: relative; } @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) and (orientation: portrait) { html { position: absolute; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; width:100%; } body { -webkit-transform: scale(0.75) translateX(50%); -webkit-transform-origin: top right; transform: scale(0.75) translateX(50%); transform-origin: top right; position: absolute; right: 50%; top: 0; width: 1024px !important; height: 133vh; overflow-y: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; } #didomi-host { position: -webkit-sticky !important; position: sticky !important; top: 0 !important; z-index: 99 !important; } #didomi-notice{ position: absolute !important; width: 1024px; bottom: initial !important; top: calc(133vh - 219px); } } @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){ html, body { overflow-x: hidden } } /* #29414 */ /*.super-header-full-container { z-index: 1 !important; }*/ </style> <style> /*FIX back effect*/ @media (max-width: 767px) { .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module2x1 .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module2x2 .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module3x1 .article-module .image-container picture img, .xk.home .article-module3x2 .article-module .image-container picture img{ position: absolute; top: 0; } .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module2x1-vertical.article-module2x1-vertical-small .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-video .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-reportaje .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2.article-module3x2-cintell:not(.article-module3x2-cintell-visual) .article-module .image-container picture{ position: relative; padding-top: 49.22%; overflow: hidden; } .xk.home .article-module1x1.article-module-visual.module-box .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x1 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2 .article-module .image-container picture{ position: relative; padding-top: 103.45%; overflow: hidden; } } @media (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px) { .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module2x1-vertical.article-module2x1-vertical-small .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2.article-module3x2-cintell:not(.article-module3x2-cintell-visual) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-reportaje .article-module .image-container picture{ padding-top: 103.45%; } } @media (min-width: 638px) and (max-width: 767px) { .xk.home .article-module1x1:not(.article-module1x1-double):not(.article-module-visual):not(.article-module-multimedia) .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module-visual .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x1.article-module2x1-vertical.article-module2x1-vertical-small .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module2x2.article-module-reportaje .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x1 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2 .article-module .image-container picture, .xk.home .article-module3x2.article-module3x2-cintell:not(.article-module3x2-cintell-visual) .article-module .image-container picture{ padding-top: 49.22%; } } /*preserve ads space in all the site*/ .hidden-ad{height: auto;} .board-module-ads.visible-xs.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega{ height: 100px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; position: relative; } .board-module-ads.visible-xs.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega:before{ content: ""; position: absolute; background: #f5f5f5; width: 100%; max-width: 320px; height: 100%; } .board-module-ads.visible-xs.mega-container > .ad-unit.mega ins{ position: relative; } .ads-module.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba, .board-module-ads.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba, .content-ad.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba{ min-height: 600px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-start; position: relative; } .ads-module.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba ins, .board-module-ads.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba ins, .content-ad.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba ins{ position: -webkit-sticky; position: sticky; top: 45px; } .ads-module.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba:before, .board-module-ads.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba:before, .content-ad.visible-xs.roba-container > .ad-unit.roba:before{ content: ""; 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</span></span></aside> </div> <div class="row"> <header class="article-top-header col-12"> <div class="article-top"> <div class="article-top-titles"> <div class="title-container"> <h1 class="title">“Una botella de agua que usamos menos de un minuto tarda siglos en descomponerse”</h1> </div> <div class="supra-title-container"> <h2 class="supra-title">Anna Sànchez-Vidal</h2> </div> </div> <div class="epigraph-container" data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link"> <h2 class="epigraph">La oceanógrafa de la Universitat de Barcelona impulsa un proyecto de ciencia ciudadana, 'Surfing for Science'. para trazar un mapa de los microplásticos que se acumulan en la costa</h2> <h2 class="epigraph"><a href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/ciencia/20230128/8716908/vota-finalistas-premio-vanguardia-ciencia.html" target="_blank">Vota a las finalistas del premio Vanguardia de la Ciencia</a></h2> </div> <div class="article-media-main"> <figure class="composite-image image-container " data-gtm-element-container="button-gallery"> <picture class="nolazy"><source srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_990_484/uploads/2023/02/04/63deb182ac220.jpeg" media="(min-width: 638px)"><source srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_607_298/uploads/2023/02/04/63deb182ac220.jpeg" media="(min-width: 480px)"><img src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_449_220/uploads/2023/02/04/63deb182ac220.jpeg" data-full-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/uploads/2023/02/04/63deb182ac220.jpeg" alt="La oceanógrafa es profesora e investigadora de la Universitat de Barcelona" width="449" height="220" class="nolazy" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high"></source></source></picture> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="caption-title ">La oceanógrafa es profesora e investigadora de la Universitat de Barcelona</p> <span class="caption-author ">Mané Espinosa</span></figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </header> <div class="infinite-scroll-preload" godo-keep-empty-div="1"></div> <div class="article-content col-12 col-md-8"> <div class="article-info"> <div class="author-date-content"> <figure class="author-image" style="display: block;"> <img width="40" height="40" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="“Una botella de agua que usamos menos de un minuto tarda siglos en descomponerse”" title="" data-src="/files/image_40_40/uploads/1970/01/01/5fa158e1c4f3f.jpeg" class="lazy"> </figure> <div class="author-date-time"> <div class="author-name" data-gtm-element-container="author"> <p><a href="/autores/cristina-saez.html">Cristina Sáez</a></p> </div> <div class="author-name"> <p>Barcelona</p> </div> <div class="date-time"> <time datetime="2023-02-05T06:00:00+01:00" class="created">05/02/2023 06:00</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class="social-buttons social-share" data-gtm-element="leaf-social-share-top"> <div class="social-left"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.lavanguardia.com/ciencia/20230205/8723764/botella-agua-minuto-tarda-siglos-descomponerse.html" class="share-icon fab fa-facebook-f" data-gtm-social-provider="facebook" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CUna%20botella%20de%20agua%20que%20usamos%20menos%20de%20un%20minuto%20tarda%20siglos%20en%20descomponerse%E2%80%9D&url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/ciencia/20230205/8723764/botella-agua-minuto-tarda-siglos-descomponerse.html" class="share-icon fab" data-gtm-social-provider="twitter" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="icon__x" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xml:space="preserve" fill="white" width="16" height="16"><path d="M14.095479,10.316482L22.286354,1h-1.940718l-7.115352,8.087682L7.551414,1H1l8.589488,12.231093L1,23h1.940717 l7.509372-8.542861L16.448587,23H23L14.095479,10.316482z M11.436522,13.338465l-0.871624-1.218704l-6.924311-9.68815h2.981339 l5.58978,7.82155l0.867949,1.218704l7.26506,10.166271h-2.981339L11.436522,13.338465z"></path> </svg></a> <a href="whatsapp://send?text=%E2%80%9CUna%20botella%20de%20agua%20que%20usamos%20menos%20de%20un%20minuto%20tarda%20siglos%20en%20descomponerse%E2%80%9D%20https://www.lavanguardia.com/ciencia/20230205/8723764/botella-agua-minuto-tarda-siglos-descomponerse.html?utm_term=botones_sociales&utm_source=whatsapp&utm_medium=social" class="share-icon share-icon-whatsapp fab fa-whatsapp" data-gtm-social-provider="whatsapp" rel="nofollow" data-imported="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="social-right"> <a class="share-icon fa fa-comment" rel="nofollow"><span></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-modules"> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">En el mundo se han producido hasta el momento unos 10.000 millones de toneladas de plástico, la mitad de las cuales en los últimos 20 años. Es un material persistente, que no se degrada y que se fragmenta en trozos cada vez más pequeños. Estos se acumulan, sobre todo, en mares y océanos, donde tardan en descomponerse siglos. <a href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/ciencia/20230128/8708269/avance-controlar-microplasticos-costa.html" target="_blank">Anna Sànchez-Vidal</a>, oceanógrafa, ambientóloga y miembro del grupo de investigación en Geociencias Marinas de la Universitat de Barcelona, estudia la abundancia, origen e impacto medioambiental de los microplásticos en la costa.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph"><strong>Se calcula que cada año llegan a los océanos 12 millones de toneladas de desperdicios de plástico de todo tipo.</strong></p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-md irr-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit irr"> <ins data-ad-type="irr" data-ad-device="md" data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false"></ins> </span></span><span class="content-html"><span class="intext-md hidden-xs hidden-md"></span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Y allí, por la luz ultravioleta y la abrasión de las olas, se fragmentan en trozos más pequeños. Los que tienen un tamaño inferior a 5 mm se denominan microplásticos, y son irrecuperables del medio. Además, durante su proceso de fabricación se utilizan un montón de compuestos químicos y aditivos para otorgarle cualidades, como durabilidad o resistencia, que son también tóxicas.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph"><strong>¿A dónde va a parar todo ese plástico?</strong></p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">No lo sabemos una vez llega al mar y se fragmenta. Durante décadas se creyó que se amontonaba formando grandes acumulaciones en alta mar. Sin embargo, los modelos y estimaciones mostraban que solo unas 0,5 millones de toneladas estaban flotando en el medio marino. Era imposible que el resto se hubiera hundido. Así es eso nos hizo sospechar que la mayoría del plástico aun no había llegado a mar abierto. El problema era que los oceanógrafos a bordo de grandes barcos de investigación solo podían hacer estudios en alta mar, por lo que carecíamos de datos sobre la costa. Y comenzamos a pensar que allí estaba parte de la respuesta al problema.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs irr-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit irr"> <ins data-ad-type="irr" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="false"></ins> </span></span></span> <figure class="composite-image image-container " data-gtm-element-container="button-gallery"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 638px)" data-srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/content_image_desktop_filter/uploads/2022/05/11/627b83cf26331.jpeg"> <source media="(min-width: 480px)" data-srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/content_image_intermediate_filter/uploads/2022/05/11/627b83cf26331.jpeg"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-full-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/uploads/2022/05/11/627b83cf26331.jpeg" alt="Recogida de microplásticos en Barcelona ." width="449" height="286" data-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/content_image_mobile_filter/uploads/2022/05/11/627b83cf26331.jpeg" class="lazy"> </source></source></picture> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="caption-title ">Dos voluntarios tomando muestras dentro del proyecto Surfing for Science </p> <span class="caption-author ">UB</span> </figcaption> </figure> <span class="content-ad-module "> <span class="content-html"><span class="intext-xs hidden-xs hidden-md"></span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph"><strong>¿Qué habéis descubierto?</strong></p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Que tenemos los plásticos mucho más cerca de lo que pensábamos, lo que tiene implicaciones muy importantes tanto a nivel de medio ambiente como sobre la salud de los organismos, incluidos los humanos. Por eso investigamos para saber cuántos hay, de dónde proceden y qué impacto tienen.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph"><strong>¿Cómo lo hacéis?</strong></p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Empezamos trabajando con estudiantes del grado de ciencias del mar de la Universitat de Barcelona y diseñamos una red para recoger microplásticos con embarcaciones sin motor. Durante un año, recogimos muestras en las playas de Barcelona y comenzamos a ver que tanto el origen del plástico como la tipología de este material variaba mucho en función de la estación. No sabíamos si eso era una anomalía o sucedía en otros lados. Entonces decidimos implicar a la ciudadanía para poder tomar más muestras y expandir el territorio de estudio.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300],[371,660]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="true" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph"><strong>¿De qué manera?</strong></p> <blockquote> <span class="content-highlights"> <span class="module-title-container"> <h2 class="module-title">Tenemos los plásticos mucho más cerca de lo que pensábamos, lo que tiene implicaciones importantes a nivel de medio ambiente y de la salud"</h2></span> </span> </blockquote> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Cada vez que íbamos a la playa de Sant Sebastià en la Barceloneta a muestrear, muchas personas ya se nos acercaban con curiosidad y nos hacía preguntas. Así es que les pedimos ayuda y empezamos un proyecto de ciencia ciudadana que ha supuesto un cambio de paradigma sobre la contaminación por plásticos que flota en los océanos. Hemos empoderado a la ciudadanía. Comenzamos en 2009 en Catalunya, ahora ya estamos en País Vasco también y próximamente, en Islas Baleares.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph"><strong>¿Cuál es la función de los ciudadanos?</strong></p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Durante una milla náutica arrastran una red de 330 micras, todo lo que tiene una medida superior queda retenido. La malla tiene un recolector al final que los ciudadanos lo sacan, cierran, sellan y nos lo envían a la universidad, donde extraemos los microplásticos y los contamos y medimos. En la costa de Barcelona hemos hallado máximos de 45 microplásticos por metro cuadrado. En función de la forma y del color sabemos si llevan más o menos tiempo en el entorno y el análisis del polímero nos permite hacernos una idea de su origen.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300],[371,660]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="true" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span> <figure class="composite-image image-container " data-gtm-element-container="button-gallery"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 638px)" data-srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/content_image_desktop_filter/uploads/2022/05/02/626fc483e33d8.jpeg"> <source media="(min-width: 480px)" data-srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/content_image_intermediate_filter/uploads/2022/05/02/626fc483e33d8.jpeg"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-full-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/uploads/2022/05/02/626fc483e33d8.jpeg" alt="Recogida de plásticos y microplásticos" width="449" height="216" data-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/content_image_mobile_filter/uploads/2022/05/02/626fc483e33d8.jpeg" class="lazy"> </source></source></picture> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="caption-title ">Los plásticos que llegan al medio marino se fragmentan. Cuando tienen menos de 5 mm, son microplásticos. </p> <span class="caption-author ">David Pereiras</span> </figcaption> </figure> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph"><strong>¿De dónde proceden los plásticos que encontráis?</strong></p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Hemos encontrado desde film de la fragmentación de bolsas, envases, botellas, hasta plásticos procedentes de neumáticos de coches y fibras textiles; filamentos de pesca, césped artificial, que encontramos mucho y supone un problema importante; microesferas de productos cosméticos y espumas procedentes de la fragmentación de envases de comida. Y pellets, microplásticos que son usados como materia prima por empresas que fabrican objetos de plástico. Las playas de Tarragona, por ejemplo, están cubiertas de pellets.</p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph"><strong>¿Qué impacto tienen esos microplásticos?</strong></p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Depende del tamaño del plástico y del organismo. Los plásticos muy grandes son usados por organismos pequeños como substrato, lo que ocasiona problemas de transporte de un lugar a otro de especies invasoras. Organismos más grandes se enredan y ahogan con plásticos más pequeños. Y luego está el problema de la ingesta: animales como las aves marinas que confunden los microplásticos con alimento, lo que hace que no se alimenten, porque tienen sensación de saciedad, crezcan menos y acaben muriendo por inanición. Y debemos mencionar los aditivos químicos que lleva el plástico, más de 10.000, que provocan alteraciones en el sistema endocrino y respuesta inflamatoria en los animales.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300],[371,660]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="true" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><span class="content-related content-border bottom-image " data-gtm-element-container="modulo-noticias-relacionadas"> <span class="module-details"> <span class="module-supra-title"> <span>Vanguardia de la Ciencia</span></span> <h2 class="module-title"> <a href="/ciencia/20230128/8713661/diez-mujeres-cientificas-premio-vanguardia-ciencia.html">Diez científicas que han impulsado la investigación en España en el último año</a> </h2> <span class="module-author ">Josep Corbella</span></span> <figure class="image-container"> <picture><source media="(min-width: 480px)" data-srcset="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_250_123/files/fp/uploads/2022/06/22/62b338f6c0655.r_d.2084-1383.jpeg"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-full-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/uploads/2022/06/22/62b338f6c0655.jpeg" alt="Grupo de científicas trabajando en un laboratorio." width="334" height="164" data-src="https://www.lavanguardia.com/files/image_334_164/files/fp/uploads/2022/06/22/62b338f6c0655.r_d.2084-1383.jpeg" class="lazy"></source></picture> </figure> </span><p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph"><strong>Animales que luego ingerimos los humanos. Se han hallado microplásticos en heces humanas, leche materna y pulmones.</strong></p> <p data-gtm-element-container="modulo-texto-link" class="paragraph">Al abrir una bolsa de patatas fritas ya estamos liberando una gran cantidad de microplásticos al ambiente que inhalamos o ingerimos, probablemente más que los que nos puedan llegar a través del pescado. Bebemos agua o refrescos embotellados en plástico, comemos vegetales o carne envasada en plástico. Nos vestimos con plástico. El problema de los microplásticos en el mar nos tiene que preocupar porque degrada el medio marino a una escala que es imposible de asumir: una botella de agua pequeña que usamos menos de un minuto tarda entre 500 y 1.000 años en descomponerse. Y eso no podemos asumirlo de ninguna manera.</p> <span class="content-ad-module hidden-ad"> <span class="content-ad visible-xs roba-container hidden-ad"><span class="ad-unit roba"> <ins data-ad-type="roba" data-ad-device="xs" data-ad-sizes='["fluid",[336,280],[300,250],[300,300],[300,600],[320,300],[371,660]]' data-ad-keys="{}" data-ad-lazy="true" data-event-scroll-xs="" data-name="roba"></ins> </span></span></span><span class="content-information content-bg-light " data-gtm-element-container="modulo-profundizar"> <h3 class="module-supra-title">Biografía exprés</h3> <h2 class="module-title">Anna Sànchez-Vidal</h2> <p class="module-text">Nacida en Banyoles, licenciada en ciencias ambientales por la Universitat de Girona y doctora por la Universitat de Barcelona en ciencias del mar. Tras estancias postdoctorales en Francia e Inglaterra, seguidas de un contrato Ramon y Cajal, se estabilizó como profesora agregada en la UB en 2017. Ha participado activamente en más de 30 proyectos de investigación nacionales e internacionales y 48 campañas oceanográficas alrededor del planeta. Sus investigaciones sobre los forzamientos naturales y antropogénicos del medio marino han recibido más de 4,000 citas. 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