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Roald Amundsen - Wikipedia, a enciclopedia libre
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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Traxectoria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traxectoria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Traxectoria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Traxectoria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Traxectoria"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traxectoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infancia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infancia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Infancia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infancia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expedición_belga_á_Antártida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedición_belga_á_Antártida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Expedición belga á Antártida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expedición_belga_á_Antártida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expedición_ao_Paso_do_Noroeste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedición_ao_Paso_do_Noroeste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Expedición ao Paso do Noroeste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expedición_ao_Paso_do_Noroeste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carreira_ao_Polo_Sur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carreira_ao_Polo_Sur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Carreira ao Polo Sur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carreira_ao_Polo_Sur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparación_das_expedicións_de_Amundsen_e_Scott" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparación_das_expedicións_de_Amundsen_e_Scott"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Comparación das expedicións de Amundsen e Scott</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparación_das_expedicións_de_Amundsen_e_Scott-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Últimas_exploracións" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Últimas_exploracións"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Últimas exploracións</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Últimas_exploracións-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Últimas exploracións"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Últimas_exploracións-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rumbo_o_paso_do_Nordés" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rumbo_o_paso_do_Nordés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rumbo o paso do Nordés</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rumbo_o_paso_do_Nordés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expedicións_aéreas_o_Polo_Norte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedicións_aéreas_o_Polo_Norte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Expedicións aéreas o Polo Norte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expedicións_aéreas_o_Polo_Norte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversia_sobre_a_prioridade_polar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversia_sobre_a_prioridade_polar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Controversia sobre a prioridade polar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversia_sobre_a_prioridade_polar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desaparición_e_morte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desaparición_e_morte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Desaparición e morte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desaparición_e_morte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vida_persoal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vida_persoal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vida persoal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vida_persoal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reivindicacións_inuit_de_ascendencia_europea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reivindicacións_inuit_de_ascendencia_europea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reivindicacións inuit de ascendencia europea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reivindicacións_inuit_de_ascendencia_europea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galería_de_imaxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galería_de_imaxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Galería de imaxes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galería_de_imaxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outros_artigos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_artigos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Outros artigos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_artigos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligazóns_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligazóns_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Ligazóns externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligazóns_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roald Amundsen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 155 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-155" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">155 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%8D_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B0%E1%8A%95" title="ሩዋል አመንሰን – amhárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩዋል አመንሰን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hroald_Amundsen" title="Hroald Amundsen – inglês antigo" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hroald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglês antigo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="रोआल्ड एमुन्डसन – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रोआल्ड एमुन्डसन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%86" title="روال أموندسن – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روال أموندسن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="روالد اموندسين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روالد اموندسين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="रोआल्ड एमन्डसन – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रोआल्ड एमन्डसन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсен – baxkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Руаль Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roalds_Amondsens" title="Roalds Amondsens – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Roalds Amondsens" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсен – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руаль Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Руаль Амундсэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руал Амундсен – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руал Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="রুয়াল আমুনসেন – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুয়াল আমুনসেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсен – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Руаль Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Амундсен, Руаль – checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Амундсен, Руаль" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%86" title="ڕوال ئاموندسن – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕوال ئاموندسن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсен – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Руаль Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%86%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Ρόαλντ Άμουνδσεν – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρόαλντ Άμουνδσεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="روئال آمونسن – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روئال آمونسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo recomendado"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundseni_Roald" title="Amundseni Roald – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Amundseni Roald" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%96%80%E6%A3%AE" title="羅德·阿門森 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="羅德·阿門森" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – gaélico escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%9F" title="רואלד אמונדסן – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רואלד אמונדסן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="रुआल आमुन्सन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रुआल आमुन्सन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ռուալ Ամունդսեն – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուալ Ամունդսեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BF_%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%BD%D5%A8%D5%B6" title="Ռոալտ Ամունտսըն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռոալտ Ամունտսըն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3" title="ロアール・アムンセン – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロアール・アムンセン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რუალ ამუნდსენი – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუალ ამუნდსენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсен – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Руаль Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ರೊಆಲ್ಡ್ ಅಮುನ್ಡ್ಸನ್ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೊಆಲ್ಡ್ ಅಮುನ್ಡ್ಸನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%95%8C_%EC%95%84%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%BC" title="로알 아문센 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로알 아문센" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсен – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Руаль Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodoaldus_Amundsen" title="Rodoaldus Amundsen – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rodoaldus Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руал Амундсен – lezguio" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Руал Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezguio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roalds_Amundsens" title="Roalds Amundsens – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Roalds Amundsens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="रोआल्ड एमन्डसन – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रोआल्ड एमन्डसन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Роалд Амундсен – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роалд Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB" title="റൊവാൾഡ് ആമുണ്ഡ്സെൻ – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റൊവാൾഡ് ആമുണ്ഡ്സെൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсен – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Руаль Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="रोआल्ड आमुंडसन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रोआल्ड आमुंडसन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ရိုအာ အားမန်ဆင် – birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရိုအာ အားမန်ဆင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – baixo alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="रुआल आम्युनसन – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुआल आम्युनसन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амундсен, Руал – ossetio" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Амундсен, Руал" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8" title="ਰੁਆਲ ਆਮੁੰਸਨ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੁਆਲ ਆਮੁੰਸਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="روآل آمونسن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روآل آمونسن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%89_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%D8%B3%D9%86" title="روالډ امونډسن – paxto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روالډ امونډسن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Амундсен, Руаль – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амундсен, Руаль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руал Амундсен – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Руал Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсен – iacuto" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Руаль Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacuto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1,_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱟᱢᱩᱱᱰᱥᱮᱱ, ᱨᱚᱣᱟᱞᱰ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱢᱩᱱᱰᱥᱮᱱ, ᱨᱚᱣᱟᱞᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – escocés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – somalí" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руал Амундсен – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руал Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – sundanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ருவால் அமுன்சென் – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ருவால் அமுன்சென்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руал Амундсен – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Руал Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="รูอาล อามึนเซิน – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูอาล อามึนเซิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rual_Amundsen" title="Rual Amundsen – turkmeno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Rual Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсен – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Руаль Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Амундсен, Руаль – udmurto" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Амундсен, Руаль" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Руаль Амундсен – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руаль Амундсен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="روآل آمونسن – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روآل آمونسن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen_Rual%27" title="Amundsen Rual' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Amundsen Rual'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – valón" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99%E6%A3%AE" title="罗尔德·阿蒙森 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗尔德·阿蒙森" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რუალ ამუნდსენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუალ ამუნდსენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="ראאלד אמונדסען – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ראאלד אמונדסען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99%E6%A3%AE" title="罗阿尔·阿蒙森 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗阿尔·阿蒙森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Roald Amundsen" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99%E6%A3%AE" title="羅爾德·阿蒙森 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅爾德·阿蒙森" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q926#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Ver o contido da páxina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Conversa:Roald_Amundsen" rel="discussion" title="Conversa acerca do contido desta páxina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Conversa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a variante de lingua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">galego</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit" title="Editar o código fonte desta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar a fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=history" title="Versións anteriores desta páxina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver o historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=history"><span>Ver o historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Xeral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1xinas_que_ligan_con_esta/Roald_Amundsen" title="Lista de todas as páxinas do wiki que ligan cara a aquí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páxinas que ligan con esta</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Cambios_relacionados/Roald_Amundsen" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recentes nas páxinas ligadas desde esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios relacionados</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1xinas_especiais" title="Lista de todas as páxinas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páxinas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&oldid=6862359" title="Ligazón permanente a esta versión desta páxina"><span>Ligazón permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=info" title="Máis información sobre esta páxina"><span>Información da páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Cita&page=Roald_Amundsen&id=6862359&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información sobre como citar esta páxina"><span>Citar esta páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRoald_Amundsen"><span>Xerar URL acurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRoald_Amundsen"><span>Descargar o código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Roald+Amundsen"><span>Crear un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Roald_Amundsen&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&printable=yes" title="Versión para imprimir da páxina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros proxectos </div> <div 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<div id="mw-indicator-03-1000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lista_de_artigos_que_toda_Wikipedia_deber%C3%ADa_ter" title="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter"><img alt="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/22px-AD_%2B30.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/33px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/44px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6852753">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titleclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle_pharaon{color:#202122;background-color:#f1f1de}.mw-parser-output .infobox_aboveclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{color:#202122;background-color:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;text-align:start}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox_center_BG{text-align:center;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_coa{padding-top:0.3em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#3C7790}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}</style> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titleclass"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modelo:Biografía"><img alt="Modelo:Biografía" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></span><span class="fn">Roald Amundsen</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Amundsen_in_fur_skins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Amundsen_in_fur_skins.jpg/223px-Amundsen_in_fur_skins.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Amundsen_in_fur_skins.jpg/334px-Amundsen_in_fur_skins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Amundsen_in_fur_skins.jpg/446px-Amundsen_in_fur_skins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="3503" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P18" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Biografía</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nacemento</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">(nb) <span lang="nb">Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P1477" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br />16 de xullo de 1872 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P569" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q966777" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q966777">Borge, Noruega</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P19" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Desaparición</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">18 de xuño de 1928 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P746" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Morte</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><abbr title="Presumiblemente"><i>p.</i> </abbr>18 de xuño de 1928 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P570" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (55 anos)<br /><a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_%C3%81rtico" title="Océano Ártico">Océano Ártico</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P20" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Causa da morte</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21142718" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q21142718">morte accidental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accidente_de_aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Accidente de aviación">accidente ou incidente de aviación</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P509" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lugar de sepultura</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Barents" title="Mar de Barents">Mar de Barents</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P119" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residencia</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12008560" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q12008560">Roald Amundsen's house in Uranienborg</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12008560?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad">Fredrikstad</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P551" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Actividade</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Campo de traballo</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Exploraci%C3%B3n" title="Exploración">Exploración</a> e <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1640995" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1640995">polar exploration</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640995?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P101" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ocupación</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11900058" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q11900058">explorador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piloto" title="Piloto">aviador</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22813352" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q22813352">viaxeiro</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q108114975" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q108114975">piloto naval</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13382749" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q13382749">explorador polar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%B1eiro,_mari%C3%B1eira" title="Mariñeiro, mariñeira">mariño</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1650915" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1650915">investigador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escritor,_escritora" title="Escritor, escritora">escritor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Director,_directora_de_cinema" title="Director, directora de cinema">director de cinema</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P106" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Participou en</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label"><small>1918</small></td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q108887245" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q108887245">The Maud Expedition (1918–1925)</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108887245?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> </td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label"><small>3 de xuño de 1910</small></td><td><a href="/wiki/Expedici%C3%B3n_Amundsen" title="Expedición Amundsen">Expedición Amundsen</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label"><small>16 de agosto de 1897</small></td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q815478" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q815478">Expedição Antártica Belga</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815478?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> </td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label"><small></small></td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3062320" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3062320">The Gjøa expedition (1903–1906)</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3062320?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P1344" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Familia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cónxuxe</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">sen valor <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P26" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pais</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3177180" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3177180">Jens Amundsen</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P22" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>  e Gustava Sahlquist <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P25" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Irmáns</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18647630" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q18647630">Leon Amundsen</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P3373" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Premios</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div style="width:100%; background:transparent" align="left"></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><small>(18 de xullo de 1928)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6008353" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q6008353">Medalla Plus Ultra</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008353?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1925)</small> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Borgerd%C3%A5dsmedaljen_stripe.svg/30px-Borgerd%C3%A5dsmedaljen_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Borgerd%C3%A5dsmedaljen_stripe.svg/45px-Borgerd%C3%A5dsmedaljen_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Borgerd%C3%A5dsmedaljen_stripe.svg/60px-Borgerd%C3%A5dsmedaljen_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="27" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q893537" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q893537">Medalla polo Servizo Cívico Excepcional</a></li><li><small>(1913)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19904118" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q19904118">Grande Médaille d'Or des Explorations</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19904118?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1913)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3332237" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3332237">Medalla Vega</a></li><li><small>(1912)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2654823" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2654823">Medalha Charles P. Daly</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2654823?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1912)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3444211" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3444211">Medalha do Polo Sul</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3444211?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1912)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19971572" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q19971572">Alexander von Humboldt Medal</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19971572?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1912)</small> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/30px-SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/45px-SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/60px-SWE_Royal_Order_of_the_Polar_Star_%281748-1975%29_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20899901" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20899901">Comandante da Grã-Cruz da Ordem da Estrela Polar</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20899901?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1907)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26837312" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q26837312">Medalla dos Patróns da Real Sociedade Xeográfica</a></li><li><small>(1907)</small> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png/30px-Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png/45px-Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png/60px-Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28609445" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q28609445">Grand Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28609445?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1907)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18757335" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q18757335">Prémio Fridtjof Nansen na categoria de Matemática e Ciências Naturais</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18757335?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1907)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4287207" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4287207">Medalla Hubbard</a></li><li><small>(20 de novembro de 1906)</small> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe.svg/30px-St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe.svg/45px-St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe.svg/60px-St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="27" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13377518" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q13377518">Gran Cruz da Orde de San Olaf</a></li><li>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4231444" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4231444">Constantin Medal</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4231444?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/DEN_Medal_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/30px-DEN_Medal_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/DEN_Medal_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/45px-DEN_Medal_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/DEN_Medal_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/60px-DEN_Medal_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q114261689" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q114261689">Medal of Merit in Gold with Crown</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114261689?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/30px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/45px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/60px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10855271" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q10855271">Cabaleiro da Lexión de Honra</a></li><li>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10568200" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q10568200">medalla Livingstone</a></li><li> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Order_of_Leopold_%28Belgium%29_Ribbon_bar.svg/30px-Order_of_Leopold_%28Belgium%29_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Order_of_Leopold_%28Belgium%29_Ribbon_bar.svg/45px-Order_of_Leopold_%28Belgium%29_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Order_of_Leopold_%28Belgium%29_Ribbon_bar.svg/60px-Order_of_Leopold_%28Belgium%29_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14900497" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q14900497">Knight of the Order of Leopold</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14900497?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Valor_aeronautico_medal_BAR.svg/30px-Valor_aeronautico_medal_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Valor_aeronautico_medal_BAR.svg/45px-Valor_aeronautico_medal_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Valor_aeronautico_medal_BAR.svg/60px-Valor_aeronautico_medal_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3853523" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3853523">Medalha do Valor Aeronáutico</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3853523?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/PolarMedalRibbon%28UK%29.gif/30px-PolarMedalRibbon%28UK%29.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/PolarMedalRibbon%28UK%29.gif/45px-PolarMedalRibbon%28UK%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/PolarMedalRibbon%28UK%29.gif/60px-PolarMedalRibbon%28UK%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="30" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1093361" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1093361">Medalha Polar</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093361?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q721743" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q721743">Medalla de Ouro do Congreso dos Estados Unidos de América</a></li><li> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Denmark_Medal_RHkors.png/30px-Denmark_Medal_RHkors.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Denmark_Medal_RHkors.png/45px-Denmark_Medal_RHkors.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Denmark_Medal_RHkors.png/60px-Denmark_Medal_RHkors.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1838612" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1838612">Medal of Merit</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1838612?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P166" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="infobox_coa"><b> Sinatura </b><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Roald_Amundsen_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roald_Amundsen_Signature.svg/220px-Roald_Amundsen_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roald_Amundsen_Signature.svg/330px-Roald_Amundsen_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roald_Amundsen_Signature.svg/440px-Roald_Amundsen_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="87" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P109" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descrito pola fonte</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><small><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q67311526" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q67311526">Obálky knih</a>, <span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.obalkyknih.cz/view_auth?auth_id=jn20000700043" rel="nofollow"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/External_link_font_awesome.svg/15px-External_link_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/External_link_font_awesome.svg/23px-External_link_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/External_link_font_awesome.svg/30px-External_link_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20078554" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20078554">Grande Enciclopedia Soviética (1926—1947)</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16082057" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q16082057">The New Student's Reference Work</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16082057?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#P1343" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm0025468" title="IMDB: nm0025468"><img alt="IMDB: nm0025468" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/IMDb_Logo_Square.svg/20px-IMDb_Logo_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/IMDb_Logo_Square.svg/30px-IMDb_Logo_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/IMDb_Logo_Square.svg/40px-IMDb_Logo_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://datos.bne.es/persona/XX831181" title="BNE: XX831181" rel="nofollow"><img alt="BNE: XX831181" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/20px-BNE_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/30px-BNE_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/40px-BNE_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Amundsen-236" title="WikiTree: Amundsen-236" rel="nofollow"><img alt="WikiTree: Amundsen-236" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WikiTree.png/22px-WikiTree.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WikiTree.png/33px-WikiTree.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WikiTree.png/44px-WikiTree.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="214" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/20956" title="Find a Grave: 20956" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Find a Grave: 20956" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/22px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/33px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/44px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926?uselang=gl#identifiers" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen</b>, nado en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borge (a páxina aínda non existe)">Borge</a> o <a href="/wiki/16_de_xullo" title="16 de xullo">16 de xullo</a> de <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a> e finado en <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Barents" title="Mar de Barents">mar de Barents</a> posiblemente o <a href="/wiki/18_de_xu%C3%B1o" title="18 de xuño">18 de xuño</a> de <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>, foi un explorador <a href="/wiki/Noruega" title="Noruega">noruegués</a> das <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexi%C3%B3ns_polares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexións polares (a páxina aínda non existe)">rexións polares</a>. Dirixiu a <a href="/wiki/Expedici%C3%B3n_Amundsen" title="Expedición Amundsen">expedición</a> á <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="Antártida">Antártida</a> que por primeira vez alcanzou o <a href="/wiki/Polo_Sur" title="Polo Sur">Polo Sur</a>. Tamén foi o primeiro en sucar o <a href="/wiki/Paso_do_Noroeste" title="Paso do Noroeste">Paso do Noroeste</a>, que unía o <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Atl%C3%A1ntico" title="Océano Atlántico">Atlántico</a> co <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Océano Pacífico">Pacífico</a>, e formou parte da primeira expedición aérea que sobrevoou o <a href="/wiki/Polo_Norte" title="Polo Norte">Polo Norte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contaba cunha excelente formación mariñeira e unha especial habilidade nas técnicas de supervivencia, aprendidas en parte da súa experiencia en deportes invernais, na vida dos <a href="/wiki/Esquim%C3%B3" title="Esquimó">esquimós</a> e nas expedicións que lle precederon. Nas súas diferentes expedicións contou cun renombrado equipo nos campos da <a href="/wiki/Navegaci%C3%B3n_mar%C3%ADtima" title="Navegación marítima">navegación</a>, do <a href="/wiki/Esqu%C3%AD_(deporte)" title="Esquí (deporte)">esquí</a>, da <a href="/wiki/Enxe%C3%B1ar%C3%ADa_aeroespacial" title="Enxeñaría aeroespacial">enxeñería aeronáutica</a> e da <a href="/wiki/Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Aviación">aviación</a>. Amundsen desapareceu o 18 de xuño de 1928 mentres voaba en avión no transcurso dunha operación de rescate no <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rtico" title="Ártico">Ártico</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traxectoria">Traxectoria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Traxectoria»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Traxectoria"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infancia">Infancia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Infancia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Infancia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amundsen naceu nunha familia de armadores e capitáns noruegueses en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borge,_%C3%98stfold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borge, Østfold (a páxina aínda non existe)">Borge</a>, entre as cidades de <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad">Fredrikstad</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarpsborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarpsborg (a páxina aínda non existe)">Sarpsborg</a>, moi preto de <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>. Os seus pais foron o capitán e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armador (a páxina aínda non existe)">armador</a> Jens Amundsen e Hanna Sahlqvist. Roald era o cuarto fillo da familia. Cando tiña quince anos, Amundsen quedou cativado pola lectura dos relatos de <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">Sir John Franklin</a> sobre as súas expedicións árticas por terra. Amundsen escribiu: "Linos cunha fervente fascinación que marcou todo o curso da miña vida".<sup id="cite_ref-Life_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Life-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> A súa nai tentou mantelo fóra da industria marítima e presionouno para que fose médico,<sup id="cite_ref-seda_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seda-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> pero aos 21 anos, cando morreu a nai en <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>, deixou os estudos para ter unha vida no mar.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Impresionado fortemente pola travesía de <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> en <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>, na que cruzou <a href="/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia">Groenlandia</a> en esquís, decidiu continuar os seus pasos e converterse en explorador polar. </p><p>O paso seguinte consistiu en adquirir coñecemento en navegación, polo que regresou a Oslo para asistir á Christiania Sjømandsskole, onde obtivo a súa licenza náutica o 1 de maio de 1895. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expedición_belga_á_Antártida"><span id="Expedici.C3.B3n_belga_.C3.A1_Ant.C3.A1rtida"></span>Expedición belga á Antártida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Expedición belga á Antártida»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Expedición belga á Antártida"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Belgica_dans_la_glace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Belgica_dans_la_glace.jpg/170px-Belgica_dans_la_glace.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Belgica_dans_la_glace.jpg/255px-Belgica_dans_la_glace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Belgica_dans_la_glace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>O navío <i>RV Belgica</i></figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>, Amundsen soubo dun proxecto <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9lxica" title="Bélxica">belga</a> para explorar a Antártida. Despois de entrevistarse con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrien_de_Gerlache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrien de Gerlache (a páxina aínda non existe)">Adrien de Gerlache</a>, o líder da expedición, Amundsen conseguiu o posto de temoneiro.<sup id="cite_ref-Mifflin_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mifflin-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> A bordo do buque <i>Belgica</i> partiu a exploración desde <a href="/wiki/Anveres" title="Anveres">Anveres</a> (<a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9lxica" title="Bélxica">Bélxica</a>) o <a href="/wiki/16_de_agosto" title="16 de agosto">16 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>. Aí coñeceu ao estadounidense <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Cook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Cook (a páxina aínda non existe)">Frederick Cook</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicina_expedicionaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medicina expedicionaria (a páxina aínda non existe)">médico da expedición</a>, co que lograría cultivar unha duradeira amizade. A expedición belga foi a primeira en invernar ao sur do <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_polar_ant%C3%A1rtico" title="Círculo polar antártico">círculo polar antártico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN9789509681958_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN9789509681958-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> O buque quedou atrapado no mar xeado nas coordenadas 70°30'S, ao oeste da <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ant%C3%A1rtica" title="Península Antártica">península antártica</a>. A tripulación debeu enfrontar un cru <a href="/wiki/Inverno" title="Inverno">inverno</a> sen estar preparada correctamente para facelo. Frederick Cook alimentou á tripulación con carne crúa de animais mariños, evitándolle así a posibilidade de contraer <a href="/wiki/Escorbuto" title="Escorbuto">escorbuto</a> e Amundsen deu estímulos á tripulación e mandou confeccionar abrigos con pel de foca. Esta sería unha lección importante para as seguintes viaxes de Amundsen. Amundsen e Cook máis tarde tomaron o mando do barco cando De Gerlache enfermou gravemente. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expedición_ao_Paso_do_Noroeste"><span id="Expedici.C3.B3n_ao_Paso_do_Noroeste"></span>Expedición ao Paso do Noroeste</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Expedición ao Paso do Noroeste»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Expedición ao Paso do Noroeste"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Northwest_passage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Northwest_passage.jpg/170px-Northwest_passage.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Northwest_passage.jpg/255px-Northwest_passage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Northwest_passage.jpg/340px-Northwest_passage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Ruta do paso do noroeste.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Gj%C3%B8a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gj%C3%B8a.jpg/170px-Gj%C3%B8a.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Gj%C3%B8a.jpg/255px-Gj%C3%B8a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Gj%C3%B8a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="198" /></a><figcaption>O veleiro Gjøa.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a> Amundsen comandou a primeira expedición que logrou percorrer o <a href="/wiki/Paso_do_Noroeste" title="Paso do Noroeste">Paso do Noroeste</a> entre os océanos <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Atl%C3%A1ntico" title="Océano Atlántico">Atlántico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Océano Pacífico">Pacífico</a>, xunto a outros seis integrantes a bordo do veleiro <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gj%C3%B8a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjøa (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gjøa</a></i>, comprado por Amundsen.<sup id="cite_ref-Derry_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derry-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> O seu percorrido levounos a tavés <a href="/wiki/Ba%C3%ADa_de_Baffin" title="Baía de Baffin">baía de Baffin</a>, e os estreitos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estreito_de_Lancaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estreito de Lancaster (a páxina aínda non existe)">Lancaster</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estreito_de_Peels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estreito de Peels (a páxina aínda non existe)">Peels</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estreito_de_James_Ross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estreito de James Ross (a páxina aínda non existe)">James Ross</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estreito_de_Rae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estreito de Rae (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rae</a> ata alcanzar a rexión actualmente coñecida como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjoa_Haven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjoa Haven (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gjoa Haven</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A1" title="Canadá">Canadá</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mifflin_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mifflin-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Derry_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derry-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Alí permaneceron durante dous invernos en actividades e investigación e exploración. Durante este tempo reuniu coñecementos sobre o <a href="/wiki/Magnetismo" title="Magnetismo">magnetismo</a> do planeta Terra. Estudara, anteriormente, o magnetismo en <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Países Baixos">Holanda</a>. </p><p>Durante esta época, Amundsen estudou aos habitantes locais chamados <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netsilik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netsilik (a páxina aínda non existe)">netsilik</a> para aprender as súas técnicas de supervivencia, algo que o levou a adoptar as súas vestiduras. Tamén deles foi que aprendeu o uso de <a href="/wiki/Zorra" title="Zorra">zorras</a> con cans de tiro. Tras continuar a súa viaxe ao sur da <a href="/wiki/Illa_Victoria" title="Illa Victoria">illa Victoria</a>, a expedición atravesou o <a href="/wiki/Illas_%C3%81rticas_do_Canad%C3%A1" title="Illas Árticas do Canadá">arquipélago Ártico</a> o <a href="/wiki/17_de_agosto" title="17 de agosto">17 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>, pero debeu deterse durante o inverno antes de chegar á localidade de <a href="/wiki/Nome" title="Nome">Nome</a>, na costa pacífica de <a href="/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca">Alasca</a>. Amundsen viaxou 800 km ata <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle,_Alasca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eagle, Alasca (a páxina aínda non existe)">Eagle</a>, cidade que contaba cunha estación telegráfica, para dar a noticia do seu obxectivo cumprido. En <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> chegou a Nome. Dise que todo o aprendido nesta viaxe, especialmente a utilidade dos cans, foi decisivo para alcanzar o polo sur. </p><p>Nesta época, Amundsen decatouse da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disoluci%C3%B3n_da_uni%C3%B3n_entre_Noruega_e_Suecia_en_1905&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disolución da unión entre Noruega e Suecia en 1905 (a páxina aínda non existe)">disolución da unión entre Noruega e Suecia</a>, e de que tiña un novo rei. O explorador enviou ao novo rei, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haakon_VII_de_Noruega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haakon VII de Noruega (a páxina aínda non existe)">Haakon VII</a>, a noticia de que a súa travesía do Paso do Noroeste "era un gran logro para Noruega". <sup id="cite_ref-explore_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-explore-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Dixo que esperaba facer máis e asinouno "O teu leal súbdito, Roald Amundsen."<sup id="cite_ref-explore_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-explore-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> A tripulación regresou a Oslo en novembro de 1906, despois de case tres anos e medio no estranxeiro. O <i>Gjøa</i> foi devolto a Noruega en 1972. Tras unha viaxe de 45 días desde San Francisco nun buque graneiro, foi depositado en terra fronte o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museo_Fram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museo Fram (a páxina aínda non existe)">museo Fram</a> de Oslo,<sup id="cite_ref-explore_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-explore-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> onde agora está situado dentro do seu propio edificio dedicado a <a href="/wiki/Museo" title="Museo">museo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carreira_ao_Polo_Sur">Carreira ao Polo Sur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Carreira ao Polo Sur»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Carreira ao Polo Sur"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Expedici%C3%B3n_Amundsen" title="Expedición Amundsen">Expedición Amundsen</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Amundsen-Fram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Amundsen-Fram.jpg/170px-Amundsen-Fram.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Amundsen-Fram.jpg/255px-Amundsen-Fram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Amundsen-Fram.jpg/340px-Amundsen-Fram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption>O navío <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fram_(buque)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fram (buque) (a páxina aínda non existe)"><i>Fram</i></a> na <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="Antártida">Antártida</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tras a súa expedición ao paso do noroeste, Amundsen planeou outra expedición, desta vez ao <a href="/wiki/Polo_Norte" title="Polo Norte">polo norte</a>, para o que faría uso do buque <i>Fram</i>, o <i>Fram</i> que era propiedade do goberno noruegués pero ideado e deseñado para a exploración polar por <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> quen o utilizaba nas súas exploracións árticas. Amundsen recrutou á súa tripulación en Tromso. Porén pouco despois tivo novas de que <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Robert Peary</a> se lle adiantara en ser o primeiro <a href="/wiki/Ser_humano" title="Ser humano">ser humano</a> no Polo Norte,<sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Times_1909_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Times_1909-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Amundsen cambiou os seus plans, e decidiu lanzarse a explorar o <a href="/wiki/Polo_Sur" title="Polo Sur">polo sur</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-novaresio_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-novaresio-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Parece ser que non notificou o cambio á súa tripulación ata que partiran. </p><p>Amundsen non fixo público o seu cambio de plans de maneira inmediata, ante a posibilidade de que Nansen negásese a prestar o <i>Fram</i> para a viaxe antártica. Ao decatarse Nansen, apoiou a expedición. Amundsen abandonou Oslo cara ao sur o 3 de xuño de 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-Simpson_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpson-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amundsen_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amundsen-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> Cando chegou á illa de <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, Amundsen enviou por telegrama a noticia da súa expedición a <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a>, outro explorador que pretendía alcanzar o polo sur e que sería o seu rival nesa carreira. O texto do telegrama dicía <i>BEG TO INFORM YOU FRAM PROCEEDING ANTARCTIC -- AMUNDSEN</i> ("permítome informarlle de que o Fram está de camiño á Antártida").<sup id="cite_ref-Simpson_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpson-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O <a href="/wiki/14_de_xaneiro" title="14 de xaneiro">14 de xaneiro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> chegou co <i>Fram</i> á <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plataforma_de_xeo_de_Ross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plataforma de xeo de Ross (a páxina aínda non existe)">plataforma de xeo de Ross</a>, no mar de nome homónimo. Ancorou o buque na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%C3%ADa_das_Baleas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baía das Baleas (a páxina aínda non existe)">baía das Baleas</a> e levantou o seu campamento, que chamou <i>Framheim</i>. Scott pola súa parte establecérase en MacMurdo Sound, 96 <a href="/wiki/Quil%C3%B3metro" title="Quilómetro">quilómetros</a> máis lonxe do Polo Sur que Amundsen. Mentres o plan do británico era seguir a ruta de <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</a> polo <a href="/wiki/Glaciar" title="Glaciar">glaciar</a> Beardmore ata a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meseta_Ant%C3%A1rtica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meseta Antártica (a páxina aínda non existe)">meseta Antártica</a>, Amundsen pretendía crear a súa propia, subindo os <a href="/wiki/Montes_Transant%C3%A1rticos" title="Montes Transantárticos">montes Transantárticos</a> ata a susodita meseta. </p><p>En febreiro, marzo e abril de <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>, os expedicionarios colocaron postos de subministracións nos paralelos 80°, 81° e 82° Sur en liña directa cara ao polo, unha práctica que lles permitiría probar as condicións do lugar así como o funcionamento dos equipos. Durante o <a href="/wiki/Inverno" title="Inverno">inverno</a>, os expedicionarios dedicáronse á realizar melloras significativas no equipo, en particular das zorras, cuxo peso conseguiu reducir signifativamente <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olav_Bjaaland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olav Bjaaland (a páxina aínda non existe)">Olav Bjaaland</a>. O <a href="/wiki/4_de_febreiro" title="4 de febreiro">4 de febreiro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>, unha parte da expedición de Scott realizou unha visita amigable en barco ao <i>Framheim</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Aan_de_Zuidpool_-_p1913-160.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Aan_de_Zuidpool_-_p1913-160.jpg/170px-Aan_de_Zuidpool_-_p1913-160.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Aan_de_Zuidpool_-_p1913-160.jpg/255px-Aan_de_Zuidpool_-_p1913-160.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Aan_de_Zuidpool_-_p1913-160.jpg/340px-Aan_de_Zuidpool_-_p1913-160.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4920" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>Roald Amundsen e os seus compañeiros mirando a bandeira norueguesa cravada no Polo sur o 16 de decembro de 1911. Foto tomada por Olav Bjaaland.</figcaption></figure> <p>O <a href="/wiki/8_de_setembro" title="8 de setembro">8 de setembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> a expedición nórdica saíu dirección ao polo, o equipo formábano oito persoas: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olav_Bjaaland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olav Bjaaland (a páxina aínda non existe)">Olav Bjaaland</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmer_Hanssen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmer Hanssen (a páxina aínda non existe)">Helmer Hanssen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sverre_Hassel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sverre Hassel (a páxina aínda non existe)">Sverre Hassel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscar_Wisting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscar Wisting (a páxina aínda non existe)">Oscar Wisting</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B8rgen_Stubberud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jørgen Stubberud (a páxina aínda non existe)">Jørgen Stubberud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hjalmar_Johansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hjalmar Johansen (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hjalmar Johansen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristian_Prestrud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristian Prestrud (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kristian Prestrud</a> e o propio Amundsen. O momento da partida escolleuse debido a un aumento das temperaturas que semellaba un quentamento primaveral, porén poucos días despois da partida as temperaturas baixaron drasticamente ata chegar aos -51 °C, polo que chegaron ao posto 80ºS deixaron as subministracións e regresaron rapidamente a Framheim. O resultado foi o desencontro entre os membros do equipo, polo que se reestructurou a expedición, a Johansen, Prestrud e Stubberud encargoulles explorar a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terra_de_Eduardo_VII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terra de Eduardo VII (a páxina aínda non existe)">Terra de Eduardo VII</a>, descuberta recentemente por Scott, mentres que Amundsen, Bjaaland, Hanssen, Hassel e Wisting formaron a nova expedición ártica. </p><p>O novo intento de expedición foi o <a href="/wiki/19_de_outubro" title="19 de outubro">19 de outubro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> con catro zorras e 52 cans de raza groenlandesa, liderados pola femia Etah. O alimento do equipo consistía nunha ración diaria de 380 g de galleta, 350 g de <a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">pemmican</a>, 40 g de <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a> e 60 g de <a href="/wiki/Leite" title="Leite">leite</a> en po mentres que para os cans asignóuselles 500 g de pemmican diarios. </p><p>O <a href="/wiki/23_de_outubro" title="23 de outubro">23 de outubro</a> chegaron ao posto 80º e o <a href="/wiki/3_de_novembro" title="3 de novembro">3 de novembro</a> ao 82º, o último antes do polo sur. O <a href="/wiki/15_de_novembro" title="15 de novembro">15 de novembro</a> alcanzaron a latitude 85ºS, aos pés dos montes Transantárticos, o <a href="/wiki/21_de_novembro" title="21 de novembro">21 de novembro</a> remataron a travesía dos mesmos e chegaron á meseta antártica, que sería renomeada coma meseta do Rei Haakon VII, e os montes adxacentes como montes da Raíña Maud. Alí levantaron un campamento que recibiría o nome da Carnizaría, no que foron sacrificados 24 cans. Unha parte da carne sería empregada para alimentar aos cans sobreviventes, e o resto almacenaríase para a viaxe de volta.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> Sometidos a tempestades ao cruzar por carreiros bastante escarpados, chegaron aos 87°S o <a href="/wiki/4_de_decembro" title="4 de decembro">4 de decembro</a> e o día 7, tres días despois, alcanzarían o punto máis ao sur da expedición de Shackleton: 88° 23' Sur, quedando a 180 km do polo sur. </p><p>Finalmente a expedición alcanzou o polo sur o <a href="/wiki/14_de_decembro" title="14 de decembro">14 de decembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>, 35 días antes que a expedición de Scott. Amundsen levantou o seu campamento en pleno polo sur, chamandoo Polheim, deixando montada unha tenda cunha mensaxe no seu interior, dando testemuño da súa viaxe por se o equipo non dese regresado a Framheim.<sup id="cite_ref-The_South_Pole_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_South_Pole-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> O equipo chegaría ao campamento de partida o <a href="/wiki/25_de_xaneiro" title="25 de xaneiro">25 de xaneiro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>, 99 días despois da partida e con só once cans. </p><p>A causa da dificultade nas comunicacións o éxito da expedición non sería comunicado ata o <a href="/wiki/7_de_marzo" title="7 de marzo">7 de marzo</a>, cando chegaron a <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Toda a viaxe está narrada no libro de Amundsen <i>O polo sur: un informe da expedición antártica noruega no "Fram", 1910-1912</i> </p><p>A expedición de Amundsen beneficiouse da súa coidadosa preparación, bo equipo, roupa axeitada, unha tarefa primaria sinxela, a comprensión dos cans e o seu manexo e o uso eficaz dos esquís. En contraste coas desgrazas do equipo de Scott, a andaina de Amundsen resultou relativamente suave e sen incidentes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparación_das_expedicións_de_Amundsen_e_Scott"><span id="Comparaci.C3.B3n_das_expedici.C3.B3ns_de_Amundsen_e_Scott"></span>Comparación das expedicións de Amundsen e Scott</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Comparación das expedicións de Amundsen e Scott»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Comparación das expedicións de Amundsen e Scott"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Antarctic_expedition_map_(Amundsen_-_Scott)-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Antarctic_expedition_map_%28Amundsen_-_Scott%29-es.svg/170px-Antarctic_expedition_map_%28Amundsen_-_Scott%29-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Antarctic_expedition_map_%28Amundsen_-_Scott%29-es.svg/255px-Antarctic_expedition_map_%28Amundsen_-_Scott%29-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Antarctic_expedition_map_%28Amundsen_-_Scott%29-es.svg/340px-Antarctic_expedition_map_%28Amundsen_-_Scott%29-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1898" data-file-height="1865" /></a><figcaption>As rotas seguidos por Amundsen (vermello) e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scot</a> (verde).</figcaption></figure> <p>A gran diferenza estratéxica entre ambas as expedicións foi que Amundsen baseou o seu transporte exclusivamente en zorras con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Can_de_Groenlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Can de Groenlandia (a páxina aínda non existe)">cans groenlandeses</a>, mentres que <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a> contou co uso de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabalo_mongol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabalo mongol (a páxina aínda non existe)">cabalos mongoleses</a>. Amundsen decidiu sacrificar varios cans antes de chegar ao polo e almacenar a carne para o regreso; esta estratexia permitiulle minorar o peso do alimento dos cans e asegurar a alimentación dos animais sobreviventes na viaxe de volta. </p><p>Os cabalos de Scott tiñan que cargar sacos con avea para a súa alimentación, o cal aumentaba o seu peso e as súas posibilidades de afundirse na neve. Outra desvantaxe era que aos cabalos a suor conxelábaselles na pel mentres que os cans regulan a súa temperatura sen suor. De modo adicional, parece ser que a expedición de Amundsen contaba cun mellor equipamento e vestido de maior resistencia ao frío. Todos os cabalos de Scott morreron e o equipo tivo que valerse da súa propia forza. Ademais, Scott agregou no último momento un membro extra no equipo, o que motivou un desaxuste nas racións alimenticias. </p><p>Mentres que Amundsen realizou unha viaxe eficaz e sen grandes contratempos, Scott chegou con graves penurias ao polo, atopou a tenda de Amundsen, e tanto el como o seu equipo faleceron durante a viaxe de regreso debido á súa falta de preparación, roupa inadecuada e ausencia de víveres suficientes. Ademais tamén tiñan problemas internos. Así, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Oates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Oates (a páxina aínda non existe)">Lawrence Oates</a> enfrontouse con Scott en varias ocasións, por temas relacionados coa forma de dirixir a expedición. Unha vez escribiu no seu diario: «Myself, I dislike Scott intensely and would chuck the whole thing if it were not that we are a British expedition... Scott is not straight, it is himself first, the rest nowhere...» ('Non me gusta nada Scott e tiraríao todo pola borda se non fose porque somos unha expedición británica... Scott non actúa con rectitude, a súa primeira preocupación é el mesmo, o resto non lle importa...'). Oates , quen sufrira reiteradamente dores por mor dunha vella ferida de guerra deixouse morrer o día do seu trixésimo segundos aniversarios , “ saíu da tenda e dixo aos seus compañeiros , saio e poida que non regrese por un bo tempo “ fíxoo para non entorpecer a marcha de Scott, quen quizais non morrese de seguir os consellos de Oates. </p><p>Doutra banda, no seu libro <i>An empire of ice</i>, o gañador do <a href="/wiki/Premio_Pulitzer" title="Premio Pulitzer">Pulitzer</a> Edward J. Larson indica que Scott puxo a ciencia como un obxectivo prioritario na súa conquista do polo sur, a diferenza de Amundsen, visións por certo contrapostas que xa foron tratadas por outros autores;<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN9781402770296_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN9781402770296-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISBN9781441169822_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN9781441169822-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> de feito, a expedición de Amundsen estaba conformada por só catro dos seus homes, deixando aos outros 27 (entre científicos e oficiais navais) no campamento base realizando medicións científicas ou facendo exploracións paralelas, mentres que na ruta ao <a href="/wiki/Polo_sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Polo sur">polo sur</a>, o grupo de Scott ocupaba tempo adicional en tomar mostras xeolóxicas, meteorolóxicas e biolóxicas, moitas das cales resultaron conter restos fosilizados dunha flora do paleozoico coñecida como <a href="/wiki/Glossopteris" title="Glossopteris">Glossopteris</a>, proba definitiva da conexión entre a Antártida e o resto dos continentes, evidencia que fora buscada infructuosamente por décadas.<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN9780300154085_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN9780300154085-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Amundsen, en tanto, instalou un campamento a 100 km do <a href="/wiki/Polo_sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Polo sur">polo sur</a> e iniciou camiño rapidamente; en efecto, respecto a Scott, este autor acouta que: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6856698">.mw-parser-output .flexquote{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border-left:3px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);font-size:90%;margin:1em 4em;padding:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.quote{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.separator{border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);margin:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.cite{text-align:right}@media all and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{flex-direction:column}}</style> </p> <blockquote class="flexquote"> <div class="flex"> <div class="quote">[...] fatalmente quedou en desvantaxe na súa competencia fronte ao noruegués Roald Amundsen, un aventureiro polar de probada habilidade a quen só lle importaba gañar a carreira.<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN9780300154085_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN9780300154085-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></div> </div> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Últimas_exploracións"><span id=".C3.9Altimas_exploraci.C3.B3ns"></span>Últimas exploracións</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Últimas exploracións»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Últimas exploracións"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Roald_Amundsen_LOC_07622u.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roald_Amundsen_LOC_07622u.jpg/170px-Roald_Amundsen_LOC_07622u.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roald_Amundsen_LOC_07622u.jpg/255px-Roald_Amundsen_LOC_07622u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roald_Amundsen_LOC_07622u.jpg/340px-Roald_Amundsen_LOC_07622u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3794" data-file-height="2953" /></a><figcaption>Roald Amundsen (1913)</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> Amundsen visitou os Estados Unidos, onde impartiría unha serie de conferencias sobre as súas viaxes. Despois dunha viaxe en avión a <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> e o seu contacto con Lincoln Ellsworth comezou a considerar unha nova expedición ao Polo norte, esta vez por vía aérea. De regreso a Noruega, interesaríase cada vez máis pola aviación, e tomaría leccións de voo no Departamento Noruegués de Defensa. En <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a> recibiu o seu certificado de voo, o primeiro que recibía un civil en Noruega. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rumbo_o_paso_do_Nordés"><span id="Rumbo_o_paso_do_Nord.C3.A9s"></span>Rumbo o paso do Nordés</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar a sección: «Rumbo o paso do Nordés»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Rumbo o paso do Nordés"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Polarskipet_Maud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Polarskipet_Maud.jpg/170px-Polarskipet_Maud.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Polarskipet_Maud.jpg/255px-Polarskipet_Maud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Polarskipet_Maud.jpg/340px-Polarskipet_Maud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>O barco <i>Maud</i> de Amundsen en 1918.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>, Amundsen iniciou unha expedición, esta vez cun barco propio, o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maud_(buque)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maud (buque) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Maud</a></i>, que durou ata 1925. O <i>Maud</i> fora <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botadura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botadura (a páxina aínda non existe)">botado</a> en xuño de 1916<sup id="cite_ref-june16_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-june16-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> ou o 17 de xuño de 1917,<sup id="cite_ref-june17_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-june17-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> e con el planeaba sucar o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruta_do_Mar_do_Norte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruta do Mar do Norte (a páxina aínda non existe)">paso do Nordés</a>, viaxando desde o <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Atl%C3%A1ntico" title="Océano Atlántico">océano Atlántico</a> ata o <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Océano Pacífico">Pacífico</a> a través do <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_%C3%81rtico" title="Océano Ártico">océano Glacial Ártico</a>, pola costa <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">siberiana</a> da <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Unión Soviética">Unión Soviética</a>. Acompañabano nesta expedición Óscar Wisting e Helmer Hanssen, ambos formaran parte do equipo que alcanzou o Polo sur. Ademais, Henrik Lindstrøm foi incluído como cociñeiro pero sufriu un <a href="/wiki/Ictus" title="Ictus">derramo cerebral</a> que o deixou tan minguado fisicamente que o impedio participar na expedición. O <i>Maud</i> navegou coidadosamente polos xeos de oeste a leste a través da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruta_Mar%C3%ADtima_Setentrional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruta Marítima Setentrional (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pasaxe do Nordés</a>. O <i>Maud</i> navegou coidadosamente polos xeos de oeste a leste a través da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruta_Mar%C3%ADtima_Setentrional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruta Marítima Setentrional (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pasaxe do Nordés</a>. O obxectivo da expedición era explorar as zonas descoñecidas do océano Ártico, fortemente inspirada na anterior expedición de Fridtjof Nansen co <i>Fram</i>. O plan consistía en navegar ao longo da costa de <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> e penetrar no xeo máis ao norte e ao leste do que o fixera Nansen. A diferenza das expedicións anteriores de Amundsen, esperábase obter máis material para a investigación académica, polo que levou a bordo ao xeofísico <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harald_Sverdrup_(ocean%C3%B3grafo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harald Sverdrup (oceanógrafo) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Harald Sverdrup</a>. </p><p>A viaxe dirixíase cara ao nordés sobre o <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Kara" title="Mar de Kara">mar de Kara</a>. Amundsen planeaba conxelar o <i>Maud</i> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casquete_polar_%C3%A1rtico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casquete polar ártico (a páxina aínda non existe)">capa de xeo polar</a> e derivar cara ao Polo norte –como fixera Nansen co <i>Fram</i>– e así o fixo fronte ao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabo_Cheliuskin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabo Cheliuskin (a páxina aínda non existe)">cabo Cheliuskin</a>. Pero, o xeo fíxose tan espeso que o barco non puido liberarse, a pesar de ser deseñado para tal viaxe en xeo pesado. En setembro de 1919, a tripulación conseguiu liberar o barco do xeo, pero este volveu conxelarse ao cabo de once días nalgún lugar entre as <a href="/wiki/Illas_de_Nova_Siberia" title="Illas de Nova Siberia">illas de Nova Siberia</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Wrangel" title="Wrangel">Illa Wrangel</a>. </p><p>Durante este tempo, Amundsen sufriu a fractura dun brazo e foi atacado por <a href="/wiki/Oso_polar" title="Oso polar">osos polares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Como resultado, participou pouco nas tarefas ao aire libre, como os paseos en zorra e a caza. El, Hanssen e Wisting, xunto con outros dous homes, embarcáronse nunha expedición en zorra tirada por cans ata Nome, Alasca, a máis de 1.000 km de distancia. Pero descubriron que o xeo non estaba conxelado no <a href="/wiki/Estreito_de_Bering" title="Estreito de Bering">estreito de Bering</a> e non podían cruzalo. Enviaron un telegrama desde a cidade de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anadyr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anadyr (a páxina aínda non existe)">Anadyr</a> para sinalar a súa localización. </p><p>Tras dous invernos conxelado no xeo, sen lograr o obxectivo de sobrevoar o Polo norte, Amundsen decidiu ir a Nome para reparar o barco e comprar provisións. Varios membros da tripulación desembarcada alí, entre eles Hanssen, non regresaron a tempo ao barco. Amundsen considerou que Hanssen incumprira o contrato e despediuno da tripulación. </p><p>Durante o terceiro inverno, o <i>Maud</i> quedou conxelado no estreito de Bering occidental. Finalmente liberouse e a expedición navegou cara ao sur, chegando a <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, no noroeste do Pacífico estadounidense, en 1921 para ser reparado. Amundsen regresou a Noruega, necesitado de poñer en orde as súas finanzas. levou consigo a dúas mozas indíxenas, unha nena de catro anos que adoptou, Kakonita, e a súa compañeira Camilla. Con todo, dous anos máis tarde, cando Amundsen crebou, enviou ás nenas ao coidado do pai de Camilla, que vivía no leste de Rusia.<sup id="cite_ref-Amundsen_adoption_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amundsen_adoption-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En xuño de 1922, Amundsen regresou ao <i>Maud</i>, que navegara ata Nome.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> Decidiu cambiar a expedición naval prevista por unha aérea, e dispuxo fretar un avión. Dividiu o equipo da expedición en dúas: unha parte, dirixida por el, debía invernar e prepararse para un intento de sobrevoar o polo en 1923. O segundo equipo, a bordo do <i>Maud</i> e baixo o mando de Wisting, debía retomar o plan orixinal de derivar o Polo norte sobre o xeo. O barco estivo á deriva no xeo durante tres anos ao leste das Novas Illas Siberianas, sen chegar nunca ao Polo norte. Finalmente o barco foi embargado polos acredores de Amundsen como garantía da súa crecente débeda. </p><p>Aínda que non puideron alcanzar o Polo norte, os resultados científicos da expedición, principalmente o traballo de Sverdrup, demostraron ter un valor considerable. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harald_Sverdrup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harald Sverdrup (a páxina aínda non existe)">Harald Sverdrup</a> chegou a solicitar 300.000 <a href="/wiki/Coroa_norueguesa" title="Coroa norueguesa">coroas</a> para continuar co proxecto.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> Gran parte dos datos científicos coidadosamente recompilados perdéronse durante a malograda viaxe de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Tessem_e_Paul_Knutsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Tessem e Paul Knutsen (a páxina aínda non existe)">Peter Tessem e Paul Knutsen</a>, dous tripulantes enviados en misión por Amundsen. Os materiais científicos foron recuperados máis tarde polo científico ruso <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Urvantsev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Urvantsev (a páxina aínda non existe)">Nikolay Urvantsev</a> de onde foran abandonados a beiras do <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Kara" title="Mar de Kara">mar de Kara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barr1919_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barr1919-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expedicións_aéreas_o_Polo_Norte"><span id="Expedici.C3.B3ns_a.C3.A9reas_o_Polo_Norte"></span>Expedicións aéreas o Polo Norte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Expedicións aéreas o Polo Norte»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Expedicións aéreas o Polo Norte"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Roald_Amundsen_Svalbard_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Roald_Amundsen_Svalbard_1925.jpg/170px-Roald_Amundsen_Svalbard_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Roald_Amundsen_Svalbard_1925.jpg/255px-Roald_Amundsen_Svalbard_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Roald_Amundsen_Svalbard_1925.jpg/340px-Roald_Amundsen_Svalbard_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>Amundsen co avión en <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (1925)</figcaption></figure> <p>O seu intento de 1923 de sobrevoar o Polo norte fracasou. Amundsen e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskar_Omdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oskar Omdal (a páxina aínda non existe)">Oskar Omdal</a>, da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mari%C3%B1a_Real_Noruega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariña Real Noruega (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mariña Real Noruega</a>, tentaron voar desde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wainwright,_Alasca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wainwright, Alasca (a páxina aínda non existe)">Wainwright, Alasca</a>, ata <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a> a través do Polo norte. Cando o seu avión resultou danado, abandonaron a viaxe. Para recadar fondos adicionais, Amundsen viaxou polos Estados Unidos en 1924 nunha xira dando conferencias. </p><p>En 1925, acompañado por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Ellsworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lincoln Ellsworth (a páxina aínda non existe)">Lincoln Ellsworth</a>, o piloto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hjalmar_Riiser-Larsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen</a>, o mecánico de voo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Feucht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Feucht (a páxina aínda non existe)">Karl Feucht</a> e outros dous membros do equipo, Amundsen levou dous <a href="/wiki/Hidroavi%C3%B3n" title="Hidroavión">hidroavións</a> <a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_J_Wal" title="Dornier Do J Wal">Dornier Do J Wal</a>, o N-24 e o N-25, a <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> 87° 44′ norte. Era a latitude máis setentrional alcanzada nun avión ata entón. Os avións aterraron a varias millas de distancia un do outro sen contacto por radio, pero aínda así as tripulacións conseguiron reunirse. O N-24 resultou danado. Amundsen e a súa tripulación traballaron durante máis de tres semanas para amañar unha pista de aterraxe e poder engalar do xeo.<sup id="cite_ref-historynet_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historynet-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> Palearon 600 toneladas de xeo mentres consumían só unha libra (450 g) de racións diarias de alimentos. Ao final, os seis tripulantes metéronse no N-25. Nunha fazaña extraordinaria, Riiser-Larsen despegou e a duras penas conseguiron manterse no aire sobre o xeo rachado. Regresaron triunfantes cando todos pensaban que se perderan para sempre. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Airship_Norge_Ny-%C3%85lesund.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Airship_Norge_Ny-%C3%85lesund.jpg/170px-Airship_Norge_Ny-%C3%85lesund.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Airship_Norge_Ny-%C3%85lesund.jpg/255px-Airship_Norge_Ny-%C3%85lesund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Airship_Norge_Ny-%C3%85lesund.jpg/340px-Airship_Norge_Ny-%C3%85lesund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Dirixible Norge sobre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ny-%C3%85lesund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ny-Ålesund (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ny-Ålesund</a>, <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En 1926, Amundsen e outros 15 homes (entre eles Ellsworth, Riiser-Larsen, Óscar Wisting e a tripulación aérea italiana dirixida polo enxeñeiro aeronáutico <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umberto_Nobile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umberto Nobile (a páxina aínda non existe)">Umberto Nobile</a>) realizaron a primeira travesía do Ártico no <a href="/wiki/Dirixible" title="Dirixible">dirixible</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norge_(dirixible)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norge (dirixible) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Norge</a></i>, deseñado por Nobile.<sup id="cite_ref-PBSorg_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBSorg-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> Sairon de <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a> o 11 de maio de 1926, sobrevoaron o Polo Norte e o 12 de maio,<sup id="cite_ref-dailytelegraph_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailytelegraph-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> ás 01:25 hora GMT, alcanzaron o Polo norte, momento no que se deixaron caer sobre o xeo as bandeiras norueguesa, italiana e norteamericana.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O 14 de maio a aeronave chegou á aldea esquimó de Teller en Alasca, onde en vista do empeoramento do tempo, tomouse a decisión de tomar terra no canto de seguir ata <a href="/wiki/Nome" title="Nome">Nome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenneth_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenneth-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversia_sobre_a_prioridade_polar">Controversia sobre a prioridade polar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar a sección: «Controversia sobre a prioridade polar»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Controversia sobre a prioridade polar"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As tres afirmacións anteriores de chegar ao Polo norte: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Cook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Cook (a páxina aínda non existe)">Frederick Cook</a> en 1908; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Robert Peary</a> en 1909; e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_E._Byrd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard E. Byrd (a páxina aínda non existe)">Richard E. Byrd</a> en 1926 (só uns días antes que o <i>Norge</i>) son discutidas por algúns, por ser de dubidosa exactitude ou directamente fraudulentas.<sup id="cite_ref-Henderson2005_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson2005-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rawlins2000_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rawlins2000-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> Se estas outras afirmacións son falsas, os exploradores da tripulación do <i>Norge</i> serían os primeiros verificados que chegaron ao Polo Norte, cando sobrevoaron sobre el no <i>Norge</i> en 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-whowasfirstatthenorthpole_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whowasfirstatthenorthpole-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dailytelegraph_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailytelegraph-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> Se a expedición <i>Norge</i> foi a primeira en chegar ao Polo norte, Amundsen e Óscar Wisting foron os primeiros homes que alcanzaron ambos os polos xeográficos, por terra ou por aire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Desaparición_e_morte"><span id="Desaparici.C3.B3n_e_morte"></span>Desaparición e morte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar a sección: «Desaparición e morte»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Desaparición e morte"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Latham_47_Roald_Amundsen_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Latham_47_Roald_Amundsen_1928.jpg/170px-Latham_47_Roald_Amundsen_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Latham_47_Roald_Amundsen_1928.jpg/255px-Latham_47_Roald_Amundsen_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Latham_47_Roald_Amundsen_1928.jpg/340px-Latham_47_Roald_Amundsen_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>O hidroavión <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latham_47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latham 47 (a páxina aínda non existe)">Latham 47</a> de Amundsen</figcaption></figure> <p>Amundsen desapareceu o 18 de xuño de 1928 mentres voaba nunha misión de rescate no <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rtico" title="Ártico">Ártico</a>. O seu equipo estaba formado polo piloto noruegués <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leif_Dietrichson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leif Dietrichson (a páxina aínda non existe)">Leif Dietrichson</a>, o piloto francés <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Guilbaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Guilbaud (a páxina aínda non existe)">René Guilbaud</a> e outros tres franceses. Buscaban aos membros desaparecidos da tripulación de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umberto_Nobile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umberto Nobile (a páxina aínda non existe)">Umberto Nobile</a>, cuxo novo dirixible o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italia_(dirixible)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italia (dirixible) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Italia</a> estrelouse cando regresaba do Polo norte. O hidroavión francés <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latham_47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latham 47 (a páxina aínda non existe)">Latham 47</a> de Amundsen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_de_desaparici%C3%B3ns_a%C3%A9reas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista de desaparicións aéreas (a páxina aínda non existe)">nunca regresou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Máis tarde, atopáronse preto da costa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Troms%C3%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tromsø (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tromsø</a> un flotador e un depósito de gasolina inferior do avión, que foran adaptados como á flotante de reposto. Suponse que o avión se estrelou no <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Barents" title="Mar de Barents">mar de Barents</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> e que Amundsen e a súa tripulación morreron no naufraxio ou pouco despois. A procura de Amundsen e o seu equipo foi suspendida en setembro de 1928 polo goberno noruegués, e nunca se atoparon os corpos. </p><p>En 2004 e a finais de agosto de 2009, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armada_Real_de_Noruega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armada Real de Noruega (a páxina aínda non existe)">Armada Real de Noruega</a> utilizou o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veh%C3%ADculo_submarino_aut%C3%B3nomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vehículo submarino autónomo (a páxina aínda non existe)">submarino non tripulado</a> <i>Hugin 1000</i> para buscar os restos do avión de Amundsen. As procuras centráronse nunha zona de 40 millas cadradas (100 km²) do fondo mariño, e foron documentadas pola produtora alemá ContextTV.<sup id="cite_ref-Rincon_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rincon-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-searchforamundsen_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-searchforamundsen-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> Non atoparon nada do voo de Amundsen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vida_persoal">Vida persoal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar a sección: «Vida persoal»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Vida persoal"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amundsen foi solteiro durante toda a súa vida, aínda que mantivo unha longa relación coa norueguesa Kristine Elisabeth ('Kiss') Bennett, esposa dun inglés, Charles Peto Bennett.<sup id="cite_ref-Thyvold2012_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thyvold2012-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> Coñeceuna en Londres en 1907 e mantiveron unha estreita relación durante moitos anos, aínda que Amundsen mantivo a relación en segredo para todo o mundo fóra do seu círculo íntimo. Máis tarde comprometeuse con Bess Magids, unha divorciada estadounidense á que coñecera en Alasca.<sup id="cite_ref-Bomann-Larsen2011_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bomann-Larsen2011-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> Aínda que hai poucas probas, dicíase que Amundsen tivo un breve romance coa súa caseira en Anveres, ata que chegou a casa e atopouna morta dun aparente suicidio.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> O seu biógrafo Tor Bomann-Larsen tamén suxire unha relación romántica entre Amundsen e Sigrid Castberg, esposa do avogado Leif Castberg de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gj%C3%B8vik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjøvik (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gjøvik</a>, nos anos previos á expedición ao Polo sur, relación que Amundsen rompeu tras a devandita expedición en favor de Kiss Bennett.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O autor Julian Sancton sinalou que, nos seus anos de mocidade, Amundsen ignoraba as relacións románticas en pos dos seus obxectivos. Resultábanlle pouco útiles as actividades que non lle axudaban a cumprir as súas ambicións polares".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legado">Legado</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar a sección: «Legado»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Legado"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Amundsen-scott-south_pole_station_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Amundsen-scott-south_pole_station_2007.jpg/170px-Amundsen-scott-south_pole_station_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Amundsen-scott-south_pole_station_2007.jpg/255px-Amundsen-scott-south_pole_station_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Amundsen-scott-south_pole_station_2007.jpg/340px-Amundsen-scott-south_pole_station_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Base_Amundsen-Scott" title="Base Amundsen-Scott">Estación do polo sur de Amundsen–Scott</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Debido aos numerosos e importantes logros de Amundsen na exploración polar, moitos lugares tanto do Ártico como da Antártida levan o seu nome. A <a href="/wiki/Base_Amundsen-Scott" title="Base Amundsen-Scott">Estación Amundsen-Scott do Polo sur</a>, operada polo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Programa_Ant%C3%A1rtico_dos_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programa Antártico dos Estados Unidos (a páxina aínda non existe)">Programa Antártico dos Estados Unidos</a>, foi bautizada conxuntamente en honra de Amundsen e o seu rival británico <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup> O nome de Amundsen tamén chegou á Lúa. O cráter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amundsen_(cr%C3%A1ter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amundsen (cráter) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Amundsen</a> foi bautizado co seu nome e o bordo do devandito cráter está a ser considerado pola NASA como posible lugar de aterraxe para o seu módulo de aterraxe lunar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemis 3 (a páxina aínda non existe)">Artemis 3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Así mesmo na súa honra tamén foron nomeados os seguintes accidentes xeográficos: </p> <ul><li>O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciar_Amundsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glaciar Amundsen (a páxina aínda non existe)">Glaciar Amundsen</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="Antártida">Antártida</a>.</li> <li>O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golfo_Amundsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golfo Amundsen (a páxina aínda non existe)">Golfo Amundsen</a>, no <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A1" title="Canadá">Canadá</a>.</li> <li>O <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Amundsen" title="Mar de Amundsen">Mar de Amundsen</a>, na Antártida.</li></ul> <p>A película de 1969 <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_tenda_vermella_(pel%C3%ADcula)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A tenda vermella (película) (a páxina aínda non existe)">A tenda vermella</a>' (en ruso Красная палатка, transliterado Krásnaya palatka, e en italiano La tenda rossa) narra a historia da expedición Nobile e a desaparición de Amundsen. <a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> interpreta o papel de Amundsen.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>O libro <i>Scott and Amundsen</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roland_Huntford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roland Huntford (a páxina aínda non existe)">Roland Huntford</a> foi adaptado á serie de televisión <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Place_on_Earth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Last Place on Earth (a páxina aínda non existe)">The Last Place on Earth</a></i> (<i>O último lugar na Terra</i>). Emitiuse en 1985 e contou con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sverre_Anker_Ousdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sverre Anker Ousdal (a páxina aínda non existe)">Sverre Anker Ousdal</a> como Amundsen.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O 15 de febreiro de 2019 estreouse unha película biográfica norueguesa titulada <i><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_(filme)" title="Amundsen (filme)">Amundsen</a></i>, dirixida por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espen_Sandberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espen Sandberg (a páxina aínda non existe)">Espen Sandberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reivindicacións_inuit_de_ascendencia_europea"><span id="Reivindicaci.C3.B3ns_inuit_de_ascendencia_europea"></span>Reivindicacións inuit de ascendencia europea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editar a sección: «Reivindicacións inuit de ascendencia europea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Reivindicacións inuit de ascendencia europea"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polo menos dous inuit de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gj%C3%B8a_Haven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjøa Haven (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gjøa Haven</a> con ascendencia europea afirmaron ser descendentes de Amundsen, desde o período da súa prolongada estancia invernal na <a href="/wiki/Illa_do_Rei_Guillerme" title="Illa do Rei Guillerme">Illa do Rei Guillerme</a> entre 1903 e 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup> Os relatos dos membros da expedición falaban das súas relacións con mulleres inuit, e os historiadores especularon coa posibilidade de que Amundsen tamén tivese parella,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> aínda que escribiron unha advertencia contra isto.<sup id="cite_ref-fram_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fram-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En concreto, os #medio irmán Bob Konona e Paul Ikuallaq afirman que o seu pai Luke Ikuallaq díxolles no seu leito de morte que era fillo de Amundsen. Konona di que o seu pai Ikuallaq foi abandonado no xeo para que morrese tras o seu nacemento, xa que a súa ascendencia europea convertíao en ilexítimo para os inuit, ameazando á súa comunidade. Os seus avós inuit salvarono. </p><p>En 2012, as análises de <a href="/wiki/Cromosoma_Y" title="Cromosoma Y">ADN-Y</a>, co permiso das familias, demostraron que Ikuallaq non coincidía coa liña masculina directa de Amundsen.<sup id="cite_ref-fram_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fram-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> Non todos os descendentes que afirman ter ascendencia europea sometéronse a probas de compatibilidade con Amundsen, nin se comparou o ADN de Ikuallaq cos doutros membros europeos da tripulación de Amundsen.<sup id="cite_ref-fram_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fram-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galería_de_imaxes"><span id="Galer.C3.ADa_de_imaxes"></span>Galería de imaxes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editar a sección: «Galería de imaxes»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Galería de imaxes"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Amundsenboy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amundsen de neno."><img alt="Amundsen de neno." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Amundsenboy.jpg/79px-Amundsenboy.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Amundsenboy.jpg/118px-Amundsenboy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Amundsenboy.jpg/157px-Amundsenboy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2494" data-file-height="3797" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amundsen de neno.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nlc_amundsen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roald Amundsen."><img alt="Roald Amundsen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nlc_amundsen.jpg/85px-Nlc_amundsen.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nlc_amundsen.jpg/128px-Nlc_amundsen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nlc_amundsen.jpg/171px-Nlc_amundsen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roald Amundsen.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Roald_Amundsen2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roald Amundsen ao temón na expedición polar de 1920."><img alt="Roald Amundsen ao temón na expedición polar de 1920." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Roald_Amundsen2.jpg/78px-Roald_Amundsen2.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Roald_Amundsen2.jpg/117px-Roald_Amundsen2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Roald_Amundsen2.jpg/156px-Roald_Amundsen2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2011" data-file-height="3100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roald Amundsen ao temón na expedición polar de <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>.</div> </li> </ul></center> <center><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Belgica1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amundsen (quinto pola esquerda) a bordo do buque "Belgica", 1896."><img alt="Amundsen (quinto pola esquerda) a bordo do buque "Belgica", 1896." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Belgica1.jpg/120px-Belgica1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Belgica1.jpg/180px-Belgica1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Belgica1.jpg/240px-Belgica1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amundsen (quinto pola esquerda) a bordo do buque "Belgica", 1896.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:NyAlesundAmundsenNorthPoleHotel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monumento a Amundsen en Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Noruega."><img alt="Monumento a Amundsen en Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Noruega." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/NyAlesundAmundsenNorthPoleHotel.jpg/120px-NyAlesundAmundsenNorthPoleHotel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/NyAlesundAmundsenNorthPoleHotel.jpg/180px-NyAlesundAmundsenNorthPoleHotel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/NyAlesundAmundsenNorthPoleHotel.jpg/240px-NyAlesundAmundsenNorthPoleHotel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monumento a Amundsen en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ny-%C3%85lesund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ny-Ålesund (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ny-Ålesund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noruega" title="Noruega">Noruega</a>.</div> </li> </ul></center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Weider History Network (12 de xuño de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/roald-amundsen-and-the-1925-north-pole-expedition.htm">"Roald Amundsen and the 1925 North Pole Expedition"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(HTML)</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en inglés)</span>. Historynet.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=Weider+History+Network&rft.btitle=Roald+Amundsen+and+the+1925+North+Pole+Expedition&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Historynet.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Froald-amundsen-and-the-1925-north-pole-expedition.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">PBS Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226050748/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/ice/peopleevents/pandeAMEX87.html">"Roald Amundsen"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en inglés)</span>. Pbs.org. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/ice/peopleevents/pandeAMEX87.html">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(HTML)</span> o 26 de decembro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=PBS+Online&rft.btitle=Roald+Amundsen&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Pbs.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Fice%2Fpeopleevents%2FpandeAMEX87.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Life-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Life_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Amundsen, Roald (1927). <i>My Life as an Explorer</i>. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=Amundsen%2C+Roald&rft.btitle=My+Life+as+an+Explorer&rft.date=1927&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pub=Doubleday%2C+Page+%26+company&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seda-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-seda_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">br101. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111203183649/http://viagem.br101.org/roald-amundsen.html">"Roald Amundsen, Viagens e Exploradores"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en portugués)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viagem.br101.org/roald-amundsen.html">o orixinal</a> o 3 de decembro de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 9 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=br101&rft.btitle=Roald+Amundsen%2C+Viagens+e+Exploradores&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fviagem.br101.org%2Froald-amundsen.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Thomas, Henry; Dana Lee Thomas (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FFXyKIa_-vgC"><i>Living Adventures in Science</i></a>. Ayer Publishing. pp. 196–201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-8369-2573-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-8369-2573-9">978-0-8369-2573-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=Dana+Lee+Thomas&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.btitle=Living+Adventures+in+Science&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8369-2573-9&rft.pages=196-201&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFFXyKIa_-vgC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mifflin-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mifflin_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mifflin_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/houghtonmifflind0000unse"><i>The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Reference Books. 2003. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/houghtonmifflind0000unse/page/43">43</a>, 1696. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-618-25210-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-618-25210-7">978-0-618-25210-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.btitle=The+Houghton+Mifflin+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-618-25210-7&rft.pages=43%2C+1696&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Reference+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhoughtonmifflind0000unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISBN9789509681958-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ISBN9789509681958_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Izaguirre, Irina; Mataloni, Gabriela (2000). <i>Antártida, descubriendo el continente blanco</i>. Buenos Aires: Editorial Del Nuevo Extremo. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-950-9681-95-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-950-9681-95-8">978-950-9681-95-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=Mataloni%2C+Gabriela&rft.aufirst=Irina&rft.aulast=Izaguirre&rft.btitle=Ant%C3%A1rtida%2C+descubriendo+el+continente+blanco&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-950-9681-95-8&rft.pages=190&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=Editorial+Del+Nuevo+Extremo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Derry-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Derry_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Derry_8-1">8,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kingston, Thomas (1979). <i>A History of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en inglés)</span>. U of Minnesota Press. pp. p. 298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0816637997" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0816637997">0816637997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Kingston&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Scandinavia%3A+Norway%2C+Sweden%2C+Denmark%2C+Finland%2C+and+Iceland&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0816637997&rft.pages=p.+298&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-explore-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-explore_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-explore_9-1">9,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-explore_9-2">9,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i><span></span></i>Roald Amundsen and the Exploration of the Northwest Passage<i><span></span></i>. Oslo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fram_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fram Museum (a páxina aínda non existe)">Fram Museum</a>. 2008. pp. 63–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9788282350013" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9788282350013">9788282350013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.btitle=Roald+Amundsen+and+the+Exploration+of+the+Northwest+Passage&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9788282350013&rft.pages=63-65&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Fram+Museum&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_Times_1909-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-New_York_Times_1909_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, ed. (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0406.html">"Peary Discovers the North Pole After Eight Trials in 23 Years"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en inglés)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 12 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.btitle=Peary+Discovers+the+North+Pole+After+Eight+Trials+in+23+Years&rft.date=1909&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbig%2F0406.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-novaresio-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-novaresio_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(en francès) Paolo Novaresio; <i>Les Grands explorateurs</i>; Gründ; 1996; <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/2700022408" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/2700022408">2700022408</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simpson-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Simpson_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Simpson_12-1">12,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Simpson-Housley, Paul (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M1ql3mx8xYgC"><i>Antarctica: Exploration, Perception and Metaphor</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 24–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-415-08225-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-415-08225-9">978-0-415-08225-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Simpson-Housley&rft.btitle=Antarctica%3A+Exploration%2C+Perception+and+Metaphor&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-08225-9&rft.pages=24-37&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM1ql3mx8xYgC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amundsen-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Amundsen_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Amundsen, Roald (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southpoleaccount00amun"><i>The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition ...</i></a> L. Keedick. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Roald&rft.aulast=Amundsen&rft.btitle=The+South+Pole%3A+An+Account+of+the+Norwegian+Antarctic+Expedition+...&rft.date=1913&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=L.+Keedick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsouthpoleaccount00amun&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(en inglés) Roald Amundsen; <i>The South Pole</i>; volumen II; capítulo XI</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_South_Pole-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_South_Pole_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roald Amundsen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/a/amundsen/roald/southpole/chapter12.html">The South Pole, Volumen 2, Capítulo XII</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080813065412/http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/a/amundsen/roald/southpole/chapter12.html">Arquivado</a> 13 de agosto de 2008 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISBN9781402770296-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ISBN9781402770296_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">MacPhee, Ross D. E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/racetoendamundse0000macp"><i>Race to the End: Amundsen, Scott, and the Attainment of the South Pole</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en inglés)</span>. Nova York: Sterling Innovation. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-4027-7029-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-4027-7029-6">978-1-4027-7029-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Ross+D.+E.&rft.aulast=MacPhee&rft.btitle=Race+to+the+End%3A+Amundsen%2C+Scott%2C+and+the+Attainment+of+the+South+Pole&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-7029-6&rft.pages=286&rft.place=Nova+York&rft.pub=Sterling+Innovation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fracetoendamundse0000macp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISBN9781441169822-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ISBN9781441169822_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Huntford, Roland (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raceforsouthpole00hunt"><i>Race for the south pole: the expedition diaries of Scott and Amundsen</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en inglés)</span>. Londres: Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raceforsouthpole00hunt/page/n352">330</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-4411-6982-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-4411-6982-2">978-1-4411-6982-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft.aulast=Huntford&rft.btitle=Race+for+the+south+pole%3A+the+expedition+diaries+of+Scott+and+Amundsen&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-6982-2&rft.pages=330&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fraceforsouthpole00hunt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISBN9780300154085-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ISBN9780300154085_18-0">18,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ISBN9780300154085_18-1">18,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Larson, Edward J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireoficescott0000lars"><i>An Empire of Ice: Scott, Shackleton, and the Heroic Age of Antarctic Science</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en inglés)</span>. Yale: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireoficescott0000lars/page/326">326</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-300-15408-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-300-15408-5">978-0-300-15408-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.btitle=An+Empire+of+Ice%3A+Scott%2C+Shackleton%2C+and+the+Heroic+Age+of+Antarctic+Science&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-300-15408-5&rft.pages=326&rft.place=Yale&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempireoficescott0000lars&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-june16-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-june16_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.norwegianamerican.com/featured/unsinking-a-ship-maud-returns-home/">Unsinking a ship: Maud returns home - Roald Amundsen and Maud</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-june17-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-june17_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maudreturnshome.no/project/">Maud Returns Home</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Karpoff, Jonathan M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520123322/http://faculty.washington.edu/karpoff/Research/Amundsen.pdf">"Roald Amundsen: Essay prepared for The Encyclopedia of the Arctic"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. University of Washington. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/karpoff/Research/Amundsen.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 20 de maio de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 12 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+M.&rft.aulast=Karpoff&rft.btitle=Roald+Amundsen%3A+Essay+prepared+for+The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Arctic&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fkarpoff%2FResearch%2FAmundsen.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amundsen_adoption-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Amundsen_adoption_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Véxase <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Roald_Amundsen/utdypning">Roald Amundsen</a>, <i>Store Norske Leksikon</i>. Consultado o 12 de abril do 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819063102/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c60a493fd679375e23729d2/t/5cb243c2e5e5f08d01387aed/1555186626295/roald-amundsen.pdf">"The Northern Explorer Roald Amundsen"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sewardpeninsula.com/s/roald-amundsen.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 19 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.btitle=The+Northern+Explorer+Roald+Amundsen&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sewardpeninsula.com%2Fs%2Froald-amundsen.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=N2osnxbUuuUC&dat=19210620&printsec=frontpage&hl=es">"El Tiempo - Búsqueda no arquivo de Google Noticias"</a>. <i>news.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 12 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.atitle=El+Tiempo+-+B%C3%BAsqueda+no+arquivo+de+Google+Noticias&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.google.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DN2osnxbUuuUC%26dat%3D19210620%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Des&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barr1919-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Barr1919_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Barr_(Arctic_historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Barr (Arctic historian) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Barr, William</a> (1919). <i>The Last Journey of Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.btitle=The+Last+Journey+of+Peter+Tessem+and+Paul+Knutsen&rft.date=1919&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-historynet-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-historynet_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Kenneth P. Czech (12 de xuño de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/roald-amundsen-and-the-1925-north-pole-expedition.htm">"Roald Amundsen and the 1925 North Pole Expedition"</a>. Aviation History magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 13 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=Kenneth+P.+Czech&rft.btitle=Roald+Amundsen+and+the+1925+North+Pole+Expedition&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Aviation+History+magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Froald-amundsen-and-the-1925-north-pole-expedition.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PBSorg-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PBSorg_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100115100611/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/ice/peopleevents/pandeAMEX87.html">"Roald Amundsen"</a>. PBS.org. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/ice/peopleevents/pandeAMEX87.html">o orixinal</a> o 15 de xaneiro de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 13 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.btitle=Roald+Amundsen&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=PBS.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Fice%2Fpeopleevents%2FpandeAMEX87.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dailytelegraph-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-dailytelegraph_28-0">28,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-dailytelegraph_28-1">28,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Troy Lennon (12 de maio de 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/today-in-history/south-pole-conqueror-roald-amundsen-won-air-race-to-the-north-pole/news-story/37de4bb45a376ce3ff4c25c9d1b828ec">"South Pole conqueror Roald Amundsen won air race to the North Pole"</a>. The Daily Telegraph<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 13 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=Troy+Lennon&rft.btitle=South+Pole+conqueror+Roald+Amundsen+won+air+race+to+the+North+Pole&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnews%2Ftoday-in-history%2Fsouth-pole-conqueror-roald-amundsen-won-air-race-to-the-north-pole%2Fnews-story%2F37de4bb45a376ce3ff4c25c9d1b828ec&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kumpch,Jens-Uwe. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berliner_Zeitung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berliner Zeitung (a páxina aínda non existe)">Berliner Zeitung</a>, ed. (11 de maio de 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070318162604/http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/1996/0511/kultur/0007/">"Tote Helden sind wahre Helden"</a>. <i>Textarchiv</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en alemán)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/1996/0511/kultur/0007/">o orixinal</a> o 18 de marzo de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 13 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.atitle=Tote+Helden+sind+wahre+Helden&rft.chron=11+de+maio+de+1996&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Textarchiv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlinonline.de%2Fberliner-zeitung%2Farchiv%2F.bin%2Fdump.fcgi%2F1996%2F0511%2Fkultur%2F0007%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kenneth-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kenneth_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">*<cite class="citation web">Kenneth Leish, Columbia University Oral History Research Office (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201122950/http://www.fathom.com/feature/121855">"Land or Ocean? Umberto Nobile Explores the North Pole Terrain"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fathom.com/feature/121855/">o orixinal</a> o 1 de decembro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 13 de abril do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.btitle=Land+or+Ocean%3F+Umberto+Nobile+Explores+the+North+Pole+Terrain&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fathom.com%2Ffeature%2F121855%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henderson2005-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Henderson2005_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Henderson, Bruce (2005). <i>True North: Peary, Cook, and the Race to the Pole</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. W. W. Norton and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-393-32738-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-393-32738-0">978-0-393-32738-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/63397177">63397177</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.btitle=True+North%3A+Peary%2C+Cook%2C+and+the+Race+to+the+Pole&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32738-0&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+and+Company&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F63397177&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rawlins2000-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rawlins2000_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Rawlins, Dennis (Xaneiro de 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120214012122/http://www.dioi.org/vols/wa0.pdf">"Byrd's Heroic 1926 Flight & Its Faked Last Leg"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>DIO, the International Journal of Scientific History</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span> <b>10</b>: 69–76; tamén as páxinas 54, 84–88, 99, 105. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1041-5440">1041-5440</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dioi.org/vols/wa0.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 14 de febreiro de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 13 de xullo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.atitle=Byrd%27s+Heroic+1926+Flight+%26+Its+Faked+Last+Leg&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.aulast=Rawlins&rft.chron=Xaneiro+de+2000&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1041-5440&rft.jtitle=DIO%2C+the+International+Journal+of+Scientific+History&rft.pages=69-76%3B+tam%C3%A9n+as+p%C3%A1xinas+54%2C+84-88%2C+99%2C+105&rft.volume=10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dioi.org%2Fvols%2Fwa0.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whowasfirstatthenorthpole-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-whowasfirstatthenorthpole_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Tierney, John (7 de setembro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220504010037/https://tierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/07/who-was-first-at-the-north-pole/">"Who Was First at the North Pole?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/07/who-was-first-at-the-north-pole/">o orixinal</a> o 4 de maio de 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de marzo de 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.atitle=Who+Was+First+at+the+North+Pole%3F&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Tierney&rft.chron=7+de+setembro+de+2009&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F09%2F07%2Fwho-was-first-at-the-north-pole%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625141357/https://www.normandythenandnow.com/the-disastrous-latham-47-polar-rescue-from-caudebec-en-caux/">"The disastrous Latham-47 Polar rescue, from Caudebec-en-Caux"</a>. <i>Normandy Then and Now</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. 1 de xullo de 2017. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.normandythenandnow.com/the-disastrous-latham-47-polar-rescue-from-caudebec-en-caux/">o orixinal</a> o 25 de xuño de 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 4 de xuño do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.atitle=The+disastrous+Latham-47+Polar+rescue%2C+from+Caudebec-en-Caux&rft.chron=1+de+xullo+de+2017&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normandy+Then+and+Now&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.normandythenandnow.com%2Fthe-disastrous-latham-47-polar-rescue-from-caudebec-en-caux%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Alexis S. Troubetzkoy (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502030119/https://books.google.com/books?id=ckZJZzRYCp4C&pg=PA232"><i>Arctic Obsession: The Lure of the Far North</i></a>. Dundurn. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-55488-855-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-55488-855-9">978-1-55488-855-9</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ckZJZzRYCp4C&pg=PA232">o orixinal</a> o 2 de maio de 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de xullo do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=Alexis+S.+Troubetzkoy&rft.btitle=Arctic+Obsession%3A+The+Lure+of+the+Far+North&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-55488-855-9&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DckZJZzRYCp4C%26pg%3DPA232&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rincon-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rincon_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Rincon, Paul (24 de agosto de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612224435/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8214237.stm">"BBC"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8214237.stm">o orixinal</a> o 12 de xuño de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de marzo de 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.atitle=BBC&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Rincon&rft.chron=24+de+agosto+de+2009&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F8214237.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-searchforamundsen-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-searchforamundsen_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100108014805/http://www.searchforamundsen.com/cms/">"Search for Amundsen"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.searchforamundsen.com/Home.html">o orixinal</a> o 8 de xaneiro de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 30 de abril de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.btitle=Search+for+Amundsen&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchforamundsen.com%2FHome.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thyvold2012-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Thyvold2012_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hans Olav Thyvold (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502030120/https://books.google.com/books?id=GrV7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT46"><i>Roald Amundsen</i></a>. Font Forlag AS. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-82-8169-179-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-82-8169-179-7">978-82-8169-179-7</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GrV7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT46">o orixinal</a> o 2 de maio de 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 3 de setembro do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=Hans+Olav+Thyvold&rft.btitle=Roald+Amundsen&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-82-8169-179-7&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Font+Forlag+AS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGrV7BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT46&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bomann-Larsen2011-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bomann-Larsen2011_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tor Bomann-Larsen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502030120/https://books.google.com/books?id=0CI7AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA358"><i>Roald Amundsen</i></a>. History Press. pp. 189, 355–358. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-7524-6682-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-7524-6682-8">978-0-7524-6682-8</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0CI7AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA358">o orixinal</a> o 2 de maio de 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 3 de setembro do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=Tor+Bomann-Larsen&rft.btitle=Roald+Amundsen&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-6682-8&rft.pages=189%2C+355-358&rft.pub=History+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0CI7AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA358&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sancton, p. 149 <i>(nota a pie de página);</i> Bomann-Larsen, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bomann-Larsen, Tor (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roaldamundsen0000boma"><i>Roald Amundsen</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roaldamundsen0000boma/page/72">72</a>–73, 117, 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-7509-4343-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-7509-4343-2">0-7509-4343-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Tor&rft.aulast=Bomann-Larsen&rft.btitle=Roald+Amundsen&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7509-4343-2&rft.pages=72-73%2C+117%2C+139&rft.place=Phoenix+Mill&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froaldamundsen0000boma&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sancton, Julian (2021). <i>Madhouse at the End of the Earth</i>. Crown/Random House. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-9848-2433-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-9848-2433-2">978-1-9848-2433-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.aulast=Sancton&rft.btitle=Madhouse+at+the+End+of+the+Earth&rft.date=2021&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-9848-2433-2&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Crown%2FRandom+House&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/support/southp.jsp">Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station – National Science Foundation.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802165047/https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/support/southp.jsp">Arquivado</a> 2 de agosto de 2018 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Consultado o 7 de setembro do 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Potter, Sean (19 de agosto de 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102210429/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-identifies-candidate-regions-for-landing-next-americans-on-moon/">"NASA Identifies Candidate Regions for Landing Next Americans on Moon"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-identifies-candidate-regions-for-landing-next-americans-on-moon">o orixinal</a> o 2 de novembro de 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de setembro do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.atitle=NASA+Identifies+Candidate+Regions+for+Landing+Next+Americans+on+Moon&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.chron=19+de+agosto+de+2022&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress-release%2Fnasa-identifies-candidate-regions-for-landing-next-americans-on-moon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326214645/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_red_tent">"The Red Tent (1971)"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_red_tent">o orixinal</a> o 26 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2019</span> – vía www.rottentomatoes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.btitle=The+Red+Tent+%281971%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fthe_red_tent&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">O'Connor, John J. (20 de outubro de 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524173313/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/20/arts/tv-view-the-last-place-on-earth-not-just-about-the-antarctic.html">"Tv View; 'the Last Place on Earth' – Not Just About the Antarctic"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/20/arts/tv-view-the-last-place-on-earth-not-just-about-the-antarctic.html">o orixinal</a> o 24 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de outubro do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.atitle=Tv+View%3B+%27the+Last+Place+on+Earth%27+%93+Not+Just+About+the+Antarctic&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.chron=20+de+outubro+de+1985&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F10%2F20%2Farts%2Ftv-view-the-last-place-on-earth-not-just-about-the-antarctic.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Imdb (extrea o 5 de novembro de 2019 en España). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6054846/?ref_=vp_vi_tt">"Amundsen (trailer oficial)"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 19 de novembro do 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.au=Imdb&rft.btitle=Amundsen+%28trailer+oficial%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt6054846%2F%3Fref_%3Dvp_vi_tt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414013620/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/polar-explorer-s-descendant-finds-nunavut-relatives-1.669276">"Polar explorer's descendant finds Nunavut relatives"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/polar-explorer-s-descendant-finds-nunavut-relatives-1.669276">o orixinal</a> o 14 de abril de 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 14 de xaneiro do 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ARoald+Amundsen&rft.btitle=Polar+explorer%27s+descendant+finds+Nunavut+relatives&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnorth%2Fpolar-explorer-s-descendant-finds-nunavut-relatives-1.669276&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article2081918.ece">"Vi er Amundsens etterkommere"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071104143441/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article2081918.ece">Arquivado</a> 2007-11-04 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>Aften Posten</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fram-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fram_50-0">50,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fram_50-1">50,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fram_50-2">50,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frammuseum.no/news/ROALD-AMUNDSEN-DESCENDANTS-IN-GJOA-HAVEN-.aspx">"Roald Amundsen Descendants in Gjoa Haven?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130416070253/http://www.frammuseum.no/News/ROALD-AMUNDSEN-DESCENDANTS-IN-GJOA-HAVEN-.aspx">Arquivado</a> 16 April 2013 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Fram Museum, 27 de xaneiro de 2012</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=17" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia sobre:  <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" class="extiw" title="commons:Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">A <a href="https://gl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Portada" class="extiw" title="q:Portada">Galicitas</a> posúe citas sobre:  <i><b><a href="https://gl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" class="extiw" title="q:Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=18" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Roald Amundsen's Belgica Diary. The first Scientific Expedition to the Antarctic</i> by Hugo Decleir. Bluntisham Books, Erskine Press.</li> <li><i>Roald Amundsen en biografi</i> av Tor Bomann-Larsen, Oslo: 2003. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/8202225191" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-02-22519-1</a>,</li> <li><i>Roald Amundsen som han var</i> av Odd Arnesen. Oslo 1929.</li> <li><i>The Last Place on Earth: Scott and Amundsen's Race to the South Pole</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roland_Huntford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roland Huntford (a páxina aínda non existe)">Roland Huntford</a> Modern Library (7 de setembro de 1999).</li> <li>Stephen Bown. <i>The Last Viking: The Life of Roald Amundsen: conqueror of the South Pole</i>. (London, Aurum Press, 2012)</li> <li>Tor Bomann-Larsen. <i>Roald Amundsen</i>. (Sutton Publishing, 2006)</li> <li>Garth Cameron. <i>From Pole to Pole: Roald Amundsen's Journey in Flight</i>. (New York, Skyhorse Publishing, 2014)</li> <li>Garth Cameron. <i>Umberto Nobile and the Arctic Search for the Airship Italia</i>. (Stroud, Fonthill Media, 2017)</li> <li>Hugo Decleir. <i>Roald Amundsen's Belgica Diary: the first Scientific Expedition to the Antarctic</i>. (Erskine Press, 1999)</li> <li>Roland Huntford. <i>The Last Place on Earth: Scott and Amundsen's Race to the South Pole</i>. (1979)</li> <li>Rainer-K. Langner. <i>Scott and Amundsen: Duel in the Ice</i>. (London, Haus Publishing, 2007)</li> <li>Julian Sancton. <i>Madhouse at the End of the Earth: The Belgica’s Journey into the Dark Antarctic Night.</i> (New York, Crown Publishing, 2021)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros_artigos">Outros artigos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Editar a sección: «Outros artigos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=19" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Outros artigos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="Antártida">Antártida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paso_do_Noroeste" title="Paso do Noroeste">Paso do Noroeste</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligazóns_externas"><span id="Ligaz.C3.B3ns_externas"></span>Ligazóns externas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Editar a sección: «Ligazóns externas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&action=edit&section=20" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ligazóns externas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.south-pole.com/p0000101.htm">Biografía</a> <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dioi.org/vols/wa0.pdf">Artigo en <i>The International Journal of Scientific History</i></a> <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2011/12/ciencia/antartida/protagonistas/amundsen.html">Artigo biográfico</a> no diario <a href="/wiki/El_Mundo" title="El Mundo">El Mundo</a>. <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/a/amundsen.htm">Biografía en biografiasyvidas.com</a> <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</i></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q926">Q926</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/71419820">WorldCat</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/71419820/">71419820</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90967973">90967973</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_do_Brasil" title="Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil">BLBNB</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acervo.bn.gov.br/sophia_web/autoridade/detalhe/000247834">000247834</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BNB: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bnb.data.bl.uk/doc/person/AmundsenRoald1872-1928">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Chile (a páxina aínda non existe)">BNCHL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F/?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000042005">000042005</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX831181">XX831181</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Francia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Francia">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12100328t">12100328t</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclopedia_Rusa" title="Grande Enciclopedia Rusa">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/1819181">1819181</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Bridgeman: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bridgemanimages.co.uk/en/search?filter_text=creatorid%3A53967">53967</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_de_autoridades_de_nomes_e_t%C3%ADtulos_de_Catalu%C3%B1a" title="Catálogo de autoridades de nomes e títulos de Cataluña">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a11507184">a11507184</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0193444X">DA0193444X</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">DeutscheBio: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118502670.html">118502670</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Documents_diplomatiques_suisses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Documents diplomatiques suisses (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dodis</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dodis.ch/P39832">P39832</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roald-Amundsen">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/51075">51075</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">GEC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0003699.xml">0003699</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118502670">118502670</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Proxecto_Gutenberg" title="Proxecto Gutenberg">Gutenberg</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/1189">1189</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/CUBV004768?core=autoriall">CUBV004768</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" title="Internet Movie Database">IMDb</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm0025468">nm0025468</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114475638">0000000114475638</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/KulturNav" title="KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kulturnav.org/c39ba57b-2b35-40f0-9cb7-0483761c97d7">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_e_Arquivos_do_Canad%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca e Arquivos do Canadá (a páxina aínda non existe)">LAC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collectionscanada.gc.ca/canadiana-authorities/index/view?index_name=cdnAutNbr&search_text=0071G1474&page=1&cdnAutNbr=0071G1474">0071G1474</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80025970">n80025970</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/4663">4663</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Dieta">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00431420">00431420</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional da República Checa">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700043">jn20000700043</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Australia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=35006131">35006131</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Grecia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Grecia">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://koha.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=211087">211087</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Notable_Names_Database" title="Notable Names Database">NNDB</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nndb.com/people/400/000087139/">000087139</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Real_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Biblioteca Real dos Países Baixos">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06991463X">06991463X</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">OBP: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Amundsen,Roald,1872-1928">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL985808A?mode=all">OL985808A</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">openMLOL: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medialibrary.it/media/ricercaopen.aspx?selcrea=22425">22425</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pers%C3%A9e_(portal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persée (portal) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Persée</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/authority/733693">733693</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Portugal" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal">PTBNP</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/38748">38748</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Rijksbureau_voor_Kunsthistorische_Documentatie" title="Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie">RKD</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/artists/402052">402052</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_do_Estado_Ruso" title="Biblioteca do Estado Ruso">RSL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000017948&CON_LNG=ENG">000017948</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/243569">243569</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">SNAC: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6hj77z3">w6hj77z3</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027375226">027375226</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Museo_de_Nova_Zelandia_Te_Papa_Tongarewa" title="Museo de Nova Zelandia Te Papa Tongarewa">TePapa</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/60273">60273</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">TMDb: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1289895">1289895</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/roald-engelbert-amundsen">roald-engelbert-amundsen</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500674056">500674056</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/WikiTree" title="WikiTree">WikiTree</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Amundsen-236">Amundsen-236</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78fc6dc798‐qtqzk Cached time: 20241121074412 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.533 seconds Real time usage: 2.011 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10791/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 268943/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 58779/2097152 bytes 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[others] 80 ms 6.8% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 47/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1839.993 1 -total 54.85% 1009.267 1 Modelo:Biografía 54.38% 1000.665 1 Modelo:Infobox_person 48.74% 896.764 1 Modelo:Infobox_person/formatglobal 48.25% 887.714 1 Modelo:InfoboxFrame 28.49% 524.123 1 Modelo:Control_de_autoridades 12.30% 226.326 1 Modelo:Listaref 12.17% 223.850 29 Modelo:If_empty 4.56% 83.996 16 Modelo:Cita_web 3.22% 59.211 17 Modelo:Cita_libro --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key glwiki:pcache:idhash:8734-0!canonical and timestamp 20241121074412 and revision id 6862359. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Traído desde «<a dir="ltr" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&oldid=6862359">https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roald_Amundsen&oldid=6862359</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categorías</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Exploradores" title="Categoría:Exploradores">Exploradores</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Nados_en_1872" title="Categoría:Nados en 1872">Nados en 1872</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Finados_en_1928" title="Categoría:Finados en 1928">Finados en 1928</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Nados_no_condado_de_%C3%98stfold" title="Categoría:Nados no condado de Østfold">Nados no condado de Østfold</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Finados_en_accidente_a%C3%A9reo" title="Categoría:Finados en accidente aéreo">Finados en accidente aéreo</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorías agochadas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Artigos_que_toda_Wikipedia_deber%C3%ADa_ter_(m%C3%A1is_de_30_kB)" title="Categoría:Artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter (máis de 30 kB)">Artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter (máis de 30 kB)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Artigos_que_toda_Wikipedia_deber%C3%ADa_ter_(Biograf%C3%ADas)" title="Categoría:Artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter (Biografías)">Artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter (Biografías)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:P%C3%A1xinas_que_usan_ligaz%C3%B3ns_m%C3%A1xicas_ISBN" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Páxinas que usan ligazóns máxicas ISBN">Wikipedia:Páxinas que usan ligazóns máxicas ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> A última edición desta páxina foi o 13 de outubro de 2024 ás 10:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Todo o texto está dispoñible baixo a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">licenza Creative Commons recoñecemento compartir igual 4.0</a>; pódense aplicar termos adicionais. 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