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class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Klask</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ostilhoù personel"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Neuz"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Neuz" > <label 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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_br.wikipedia.org&uselang=br" class=""><span>Reiñ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kroui%C3%B1Kont&returnto=Roparz+Hemon" title="Erbedet eo deoc'h krouiñ ur gont ha kevreañ ; n'eo ket ret koulskoude." class=""><span>Krouiñ ur gont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kevrea%C3%B1Implijer&returnto=Roparz+Hemon" title="Daoust ma n'eo ket ret, ec'h aliomp deoc'h kevreañ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kevreañ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Muioc'h a 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kevreañ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pajennoù evit implijerien digevreet <a href="/wiki/Skoazell:Introduction" aria-label="Gouzout hiroc’h a-zivout degas kemmoù"><span>gouzout hiroc'h</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:MaC%27haozeadenno%C3%B9" title="Kaozeadennoù diwar-benn ar c'hemmoù graet adal ar chomlec'h-mañ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Kaozeal</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lec'hienn"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Taolenn" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Taolenn</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Deroù</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Buhez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buhez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Buhez</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Buhez-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Diskwel/kuzhat isrann Buhez</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Buhez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bugaleaj,_oad-krenn_ha_yaouankiz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bugaleaj,_oad-krenn_ha_yaouankiz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bugaleaj, oad-krenn ha yaouankiz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bugaleaj,_oad-krenn_ha_yaouankiz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breiz_Atao_ha_Gwalarn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breiz_Atao_ha_Gwalarn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Breiz Atao ha Gwalarn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breiz_Atao_ha_Gwalarn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-An_eil_Brezel-Bed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_eil_Brezel-Bed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>An eil Brezel-Bed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_eil_Brezel-Bed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Skingomz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skingomz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Skingomz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skingomz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peurunvan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peurunvan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Peurunvan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peurunvan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prosez_gant_lez-varn_an_Dieubidigezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prosez_gant_lez-varn_an_Dieubidigezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Prosez gant lez-varn an Dieubidigezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prosez_gant_lez-varn_an_Dieubidigezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harlu_en_Iwerzhon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harlu_en_Iwerzhon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Harlu en Iwerzhon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harlu_en_Iwerzhon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Marv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kealioù_hag_obererezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kealioù_hag_obererezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kealioù hag obererezh</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kealioù_hag_obererezh-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Diskwel/kuzhat isrann Kealioù hag obererezh</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kealioù_hag_obererezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gwalarn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gwalarn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Gwalarn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gwalarn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soñjoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soñjoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Soñjoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soñjoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mont_d'ar_bobl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mont_d'ar_bobl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mont d'ar bobl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mont_d'ar_bobl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labour_en_harlu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_en_harlu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Labour en harlu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_en_harlu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hêrezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hêrezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hêrezh</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hêrezh-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Diskwel/kuzhat isrann Hêrezh</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hêrezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enorioù_en_Emsav" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enorioù_en_Emsav"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Enorioù en Emsav</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enorioù_en_Emsav-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabutoù_a-zivout_Roparz_Hemon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabutoù_a-zivout_Roparz_Hemon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Tabutoù a-zivout Roparz Hemon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabutoù_a-zivout_Roparz_Hemon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levrlennadur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levrlennadur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Levrlennadur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Levrlennadur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Diskwel/kuzhat isrann Levrlennadur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Levrlennadur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oberenn_lennegel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oberenn_lennegel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Oberenn lennegel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oberenn_lennegel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kelaouennoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelaouennoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Kelaouennoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelaouennoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C'hoariva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C'hoariva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>C'hoariva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C'hoariva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romantoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romantoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Romantoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romantoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Danevelloù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danevelloù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Danevelloù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danevelloù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barzhoniezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barzhoniezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.5</span> <span>Barzhoniezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barzhoniezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eñvorennoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eñvorennoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.6</span> <span>Eñvorennoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eñvorennoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Troidigezhioù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troidigezhioù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.7</span> <span>Troidigezhioù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troidigezhioù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skridoù_diechu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skridoù_diechu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.8</span> <span>Skridoù diechu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skridoù_diechu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oberennoù_a_ouiziegezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oberennoù_a_ouiziegezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Oberennoù a ouiziegezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oberennoù_a_ouiziegezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arnodskridoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arnodskridoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Arnodskridoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arnodskridoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelennerezh_ha_yezhouriezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelennerezh_ha_yezhouriezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Kelennerezh ha yezhouriezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelennerezh_ha_yezhouriezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studi_al_lennegezh_kozh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studi_al_lennegezh_kozh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Studi al lennegezh kozh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studi_al_lennegezh_kozh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Embann" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embann"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Embann</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embann-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studiadennoù_a-zivout_Roparz_Hemon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studiadennoù_a-zivout_Roparz_Hemon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Studiadennoù a-zivout Roparz Hemon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studiadennoù_a-zivout_Roparz_Hemon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ereoù_diabarzh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ereoù_diabarzh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ereoù diabarzh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ereoù_diabarzh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ereoù_diavaez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ereoù_diavaez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ereoù diavaez</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ereoù_diavaez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notennoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notennoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notennoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notennoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Taolenn" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwintañ an daolenn" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwintañ an daolenn</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roparz Hemon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mont d’ur pennad en ur yezh all. 11 yezh a zo." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 yezh</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86" title="روپارز هيمون – arabeg Egipt" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روپارز هيمون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabeg Egipt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Roparz Hemon – katalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roparz Hemon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Roparz Hemon – kembraeg" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Roparz Hemon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kembraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Roparz Hemon – saozneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Roparz Hemon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="saozneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Roparz Hemon – esperanteg" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Roparz Hemon" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Roparz Hemon – spagnoleg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Roparz Hemon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Roparz Hemon – galleg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roparz Hemon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="galleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Roparz Hemon – iwerzhoneg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Roparz Hemon" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iwerzhoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Roparz Hemon – galizeg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Roparz Hemon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galizeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Roparz Hemon – kerneveureg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Roparz Hemon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kerneveureg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7" title="Эмон, Ропарз – rusianeg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эмон, Ропарз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q968716#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Kemmañ al liammoù etreyezhel" class="wbc-editpage">Kemmañ al liammoù</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Esaouennoù anv"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Gwelet ar pennad [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pajenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaozeal:Roparz_Hemon" rel="discussion" title="Kaozeadennoù diwar-benn ar pennad [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Kaozeadenn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kemmañ adstumm yezh" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">brezhoneg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Gweladennoù"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Roparz_Hemon"><span>Lenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Neuz"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Neuz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Eus Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="br" dir="ltr"><table style="background: #f9f9f9; color: #000; font-size:90%; line-height:1.1em; float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:280px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 0.1em;" cellspacing="7"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="talbenn skrivagner" style="height:45px; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:150%; font-weight:bolder; line-height:1.2em; color:#000; background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF">Roparz Hemon </th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Roparz_Hemon_krennard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roparz Hemon"><img alt="Roparz Hemon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/9/9d/Roparz_Hemon_krennard.jpg/220px-Roparz_Hemon_krennard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="456" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/9/9d/Roparz_Hemon_krennard.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="471" /></a></span> </td></tr><tr> <th scope="row">Anv ofisiel </th> <td>Louis Paul Nemo </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Anv pluenn </th> <td>Roparz Hemon<br />Pendaran<br />Gawain </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Obererezh </th> <td>Embanner<br />Geriadurour<br />Kelaouenner<br /><a href="/wiki/Kazetennerezh" title="Kazetennerezh">Kazetenner skingomz</a><br />Kelenner<br /><a href="/wiki/Lennegezh" title="Lennegezh">Skrivagner</a><br />Troour<br />Yezhour </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Ganedigezh </th> <td>D'an <a href="/wiki/18_a_viz_Du" class="mw-redirect" title="18 a viz Du">18 a viz Du</a> <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a><br />e <a href="/wiki/Brest" title="Brest">Brest</a>, <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Banniel_Bro_Leon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bro-Leon"><img alt="Bro-Leon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Banniel_Bro_Leon.svg/20px-Banniel_Bro_Leon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Banniel_Bro_Leon.svg/30px-Banniel_Bro_Leon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Banniel_Bro_Leon.svg/40px-Banniel_Bro_Leon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="265" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bro-Leon" title="Bro-Leon">Bro-Leon</a>,<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Brittany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Brittany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brittany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Brittany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brittany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Brittany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brittany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Breizh" title="Breizh">Breizh</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Marv </th> <td>D'an <a href="/wiki/29_a_viz_Mezheven" class="mw-redirect" title="29 a viz Mezheven">29 a viz Mezheven</a> <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a><br />e <a href="/wiki/Dulenn" title="Dulenn">Dulenn</a>, <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iwerzhon"><img alt="Iwerzhon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Iwerzhon" title="Republik Iwerzhon">Iwerzhon</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Yezh skrivañ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Brezhoneg" title="Brezhoneg">Brezhoneg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galleg" title="Galleg">Galleg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saozneg" title="Saozneg">Saozneg</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Luskad lennegel </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gwalarn" title="Gwalarn">Gwalarn</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF"> Oberennoù pennañ </th></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"><i>A historical morphology and syntax of Breton </i><br /> <i>Alanig an tri roue</i><br /> <i>Al laer avel</i><br /> <i>An aotrou Bimbochet e Breizh</i><br /> <i>An tri boulomig kalon aour</i><br /> <i>Barzhonegoù</i><br /> <i>Diamantoù Keroulaz</i><br /> <i>Geriadur istorel ar brezhoneg</i><br /> <i>Ho kervel a rin en noz</i><br /> <i>Kleier eured</i><br /> <i>Mari-Vorgan</i><br /> <i>Nenn Jani</i><br /> <i>Santez Dahud</i><br /> <i>Tangi Kerviler</i><br /> <i>Ur Breizhad oc'h adkavout Breizh</i> </td></tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF"> Traoù ouzhpenn </th></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"><i>Amourousted eun den koz</i> (Studiadenn)<br /> <i>An dud am eus anavezet</i><br /> <i>An ti a drizek siminal</i><br /> <i>Ar c'horf dindan dreid va zad-kozh</i><br /> <i>Ar Varn diwezhañ</i> (Studiadenn)<br /> <i>C'hoariva</i><br /> <i>Cours élémentaire de breton</i><br /> <i>Danevelloù</i><br /> <i>Dictionnaire breton-français et français-breton</i><br /> <i>Distagadur ar brezhoneg</i><br /> <i>Eñvorennoù</i><br /> <i>Gaovan hag an den gwer</i><br /> <i>Geriadurig an troioù-lavar poblel</i><br /> <i>Gwarizi vras Emer</i><br /> <i>Kontadennoù an amzer-vremañ</i><br /> <i>La destruction de Jérusalem</i> (studiadenn)<br /> <i>La langue bretonne et ses combats</i><br /> <i>Meurlarjez</i><br /> <i>Teñzor ar gwenedeg</i><br /> <i>Trois poèmes en moyen breton</i> (studiadenn)<br /> <i>Ur prenestr a oa digor</i><br /> <i>Viktor ha Petronilh</i> (diechu)<br /> <i>War ribl an hent</i><br /> <i>Yezhadur berr ar brezhoneg</i><br /> <i>Yezhadur istorel ar brezhoneg</i> </td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px;background-color: #4C6099;color:#4C6099;" /> </td></tr><tr> <th scope="row">Sinadur </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Sinadur_Roparz_Hemon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/3/39/Sinadur_Roparz_Hemon.jpg/150px-Sinadur_Roparz_Hemon.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/3/39/Sinadur_Roparz_Hemon.jpg/225px-Sinadur_Roparz_Hemon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/3/39/Sinadur_Roparz_Hemon.jpg/300px-Sinadur_Roparz_Hemon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="281" /></a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="" style="border-top: 2px #4C6099 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">kemmañ</span></a></span> <span title="Lennit teuliadur ar patrom"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrom:Infobox_Skrivagner" title="Lennit teuliadur ar patrom"><img alt="Lennit teuliadur ar patrom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Roparz Hemon</b> eo <a href="/wiki/Anv-pluenn" title="Anv-pluenn">anv-pluenn</a> <b>Louis-Paul Nemo</b> hag a oa ur skrivagner brezhon, bet ganet e <a href="/wiki/Brest" title="Brest">Brest</a> d'an <a href="/wiki/18_a_viz_Du" class="mw-redirect" title="18 a viz Du">18 a viz Du</a> <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>, hag aet da Anaon d'an <a href="/wiki/29_a_viz_Mezheven" class="mw-redirect" title="29 a viz Mezheven">29 a viz Mezheven</a> <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> e <a href="/wiki/Dulenn" title="Dulenn">Dulenn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iwerzhon" title="Iwerzhon">Iwerzhon</a>). E labour zo fonnus ha bet eo bet barzh, dramaour, embanner, geriadurour, kelaouennour, kazetenner skingomz, kelenner, romantour, troour ha yezhour. </p><p>Roparz Hemon zo gwelet evel skrivagner meur an <a href="/wiki/XXvet_kantved" title="XXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>, "an hini en deus graet ar muiañ evit ar brezhoneg en ugentved kantved" hervez <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Delaporte" title="Raymond Delaporte">Remont ar Porzh</a>. Ali eo al lod vrasañ eus ar vurutellerion war al lennegezh vrezhonek evel <a href="/wiki/Abeozen" class="mw-redirect" title="Abeozen">Abeozen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%B1ch_Morvannou" title="Fañch Morvannou">Fañch Morvannou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youenn_Olier" title="Youenn Olier">Youenn Olier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yann-Ber_Piriou" title="Yann-Ber Piriou">Yann-Ber Piriou</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Lukian_Raoul" title="Lukian Raoul">Lukian Raoul</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Skrivañ a reas e-doug muioc'h eget hanter-kant vloaz, adalek deroù ar <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1920" title="Bloavezhioù 1920">bloavezhioù 1920</a> betek ar <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1970" title="Bloavezhioù 1970">bloavezhioù 1970</a>. Pleustriñ a reas kement doare skrid a zo en ur sevel oberennoù <a href="/wiki/Barzhoniezh" title="Barzhoniezh">barzhoniel</a>, c'hoariva, komz-plaen, skridvarnerezh, troidigezhioù... Ur gouizieg war ar brezhoneg hag ar yezhoù keltiek e voe ivez. </p><p>Gouestlañ a reas e vuhez a-bezh d'ar <a href="/wiki/Brezhoneg" title="Brezhoneg">brezhoneg</a> ha meur a ziskibl en deus bet. </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buhez">Buhez</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Buhez" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Buhez"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bugaleaj,_oad-krenn_ha_yaouankiz"><span id="Bugaleaj.2C_oad-krenn_ha_yaouankiz"></span>Bugaleaj, oad-krenn ha yaouankiz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Bugaleaj, oad-krenn ha yaouankiz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bugaleaj, oad-krenn ha yaouankiz"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ganet e voe Louis Paul Nemo d'an <a href="/wiki/18_a_viz_Du" class="mw-redirect" title="18 a viz Du">18 a viz Du</a> <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>, en ur ranndi e niverenn <i>32, Grand'Rue</i>, e <a href="/wiki/Brest" title="Brest">Brest</a>, ar straed Pasteur hiziv-an-deiz. Tad Louis Paul Nemo a oa un emzivad bet kavet ha kaieret <i>Nemo</i> gant ar velestradurezh<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hemañ a laboure er velestradurezh vrezel. An tiegezh a oa bet o chom e Brest hag e <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> hervez amstaeloù an tad. E vamm, Julie Foricher he anv plac'h, a oa he familh eus <a href="/wiki/Bro-Leon" title="Bro-Leon">Goueled-Leon</a> ha skolaerez e oa eus he micher. </p><p>C'hwec'h bugel a oa en tiegezh : Marie, Louis Paul, Aimée ganet e <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>, Jean ha daou arall hag a varvas en o oad tenerañ<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>., an holl anezho desavet en un doare bourc'hiz e <a href="/wiki/Galleg" title="Galleg">galleg</a>. Tost e chomas Louis Paul ouzh e c'hoar Aimée a-hed e vuhez ; honnezh a zeuas da vout renerez lise ar merc'hed e Brest en he oad gour. </p><p>A-vihanik e klevas brezhoneg en e diegezh dre hanterouriezh e vamm-gozh a-berzh mamm ha hini koskor an ti. Div eus ar mitizhien dreist-holl, Mari Urien ha Jeannette Omnes, o doa bet ul levezon war entan ar paotrig e-keñver ar brezhoneg pa ganent alies er yezh-se hag e lennent kontadennoù pobl dezhañ<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hervez e desteni e kenskrivas gant <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Frañsez Vallée">Frañsez Vallée</a> adalek <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>, evit resev e gelaouenn <i><a href="/wiki/Kroaz_ar_Vretoned" title="Kroaz ar Vretoned">Kroaz ar Vretoned</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Louis Paul Nemo a reas e studi e lise Brest, kent mont da <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Bariz</a>, da lise Sant Loeiz, evit prientiñ kenstrivadeg an <i>École Polytechnique</i> (“Skol Boliteknik”) e <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>. Fellout a rae dezhañ, war atiz e gerent, dont da vout ofiser a <a href="/wiki/Mor" title="Mor">vor</a>. Peogwir e skoas klañv e nac'has kenderc'hel gant ar mennad-se hag e krogas da studiañ ar yezhoù. </p><p>Mont a reas da <a href="/wiki/Bwcle" title="Bwcle">Vwcle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kembre" title="Kembre">Kembre</a>) e <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> evit gwellaat e anaoudegezh eus ar <a href="/wiki/Saozneg" title="Saozneg">saozneg</a>. War-lerc'h e tremenas ur bloavezh studi e skol-veur <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>. </p><p>Distreiñ a reas da Vreizh evit ober e goñje. En em gavout a reas en ur rejimant kanolerion war varc'h, a-gevret gant <a href="/wiki/Jakez_Kerrien" title="Jakez Kerrien">Jakez Kerrien</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Gwened" title="Gwened">Gwened</a> evit ober e amzer soudard. </p><p>Adalek <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> e oa studier e skol-veur ar <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne" title="Sorbonne">Sorbonne</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Pariz</a> betek bout skolveuriad war ar saozneg e <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>. D'ar c'houlz-se e oa krog da zeskiñ brezhoneg e kelc'h keltiek Pariz gant <a href="/wiki/Yann-Eozen_Jarl" title="Yann-Eozen Jarl">Yann-Eozen Jarl</a>. </p><p>Anvet e voe da gelenner war ar saozneg e lise ar baotred e Brest adalek <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> betek <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>. E-pad an abadenn neveziant e reas ur brezegenn diwar-benn “meuleudi al leziregezh”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anvet e veze “an aotrou Nemo” gant al liseidi koulz ha gant ar gelennerion arall. Anavezet e oa evel un den sioul, sekred ha dilavar<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breiz_Atao_ha_Gwalarn"><a href="/wiki/Breiz_Atao" title="Breiz Atao">Breiz Atao</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Gwalarn" title="Gwalarn">Gwalarn</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Breiz Atao ha Gwalarn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Breiz Atao ha Gwalarn"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Mordier,_Vall%C3%A9e,_Elies,_Hemon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/7/71/Mordier%2C_Vall%C3%A9e%2C_Elies%2C_Hemon.jpg/220px-Mordier%2C_Vall%C3%A9e%2C_Elies%2C_Hemon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/7/71/Mordier%2C_Vall%C3%A9e%2C_Elies%2C_Hemon.jpg/330px-Mordier%2C_Vall%C3%A9e%2C_Elies%2C_Hemon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/7/71/Mordier%2C_Vall%C3%A9e%2C_Elies%2C_Hemon.jpg/440px-Mordier%2C_Vall%C3%A9e%2C_Elies%2C_Hemon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>A-gleiz da zehou : <a href="/wiki/Meven_Mordiern" title="Meven Mordiern">Meven Mordiern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Frañsez Vallée">Frañsez Vallée</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%B1ch_Elies_Abeozen" title="Fañch Elies Abeozen">Fañch Elies Abeozen</a> ha Roparz Hemon.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mont a reas e darempred gant emsaverion p'edo o studiañ ar yezhoù e Pariz adalek <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>. Da heul e reas anaoudegezh gant ur yoc'h mat a dud eus an <i><a href="/wiki/Emsav" title="Emsav">Emsav</a></i>, tud yaouank ha tud kozh, koulz rannvroelourion, emrenerion ha broadelourion. En e levr <i>An dud am eus anavezet</i> e kaver e zezrevell eus an anaoudegezh a reas gant emsaverion ha yezhourion war ar brezhoneg e Pariz pe e Breizh evel <a href="/wiki/Jakez_Kerrien" title="Jakez Kerrien">Jakez Kerrien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yann_Sohier" title="Yann Sohier">Yann Sohier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakez_Riou" title="Jakez Riou">Jakez Riou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emil_Ernod" title="Emil Ernod">Emil Ernod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Debauvais" title="Frañsez Debauvais">Frañsez Debauvais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meven_Mordiern" title="Meven Mordiern">Meven Mordiern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangi_Malmanche" title="Tangi Malmanche">Tangi Malmanche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abeozen" class="mw-redirect" title="Abeozen">Abeozen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarl_Priel" title="Jarl Priel">Jarl Priel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youenn_Drezen" title="Youenn Drezen">Youenn Drezen</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Langleiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Langleiz">Langleiz</a> etre an daou vrezel-bed. </p><p>Dindan an anv "Roparz Loeiz Hemon" e sinas e bennad kentañ evit <i><a href="/wiki/Breiz_Atao" title="Breiz Atao">Breiz Atao</a></i> e <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>, “An diouganer”. Klasket en doa lakaat ur pennad a-zivout dispac'h <a href="/wiki/Iwerzhon" title="Iwerzhon">Iwerzhon</a> da vout embannet a-raok er gelaouenn <i><a href="/wiki/Feiz_ha_Breiz" title="Feiz ha Breiz">Feiz ha Breiz</a></i>, hogen diembann e chomas hennezh. </p><p>Al lesanv "Roparz Hemon" a zibabas pa vage un estlamm d'ar skrivagner ha barzh saoz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupert_Brooke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupert Brooke (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Rupert Brooke</a>, bet lazhet er brezel, er bloavezh <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>. P'edo war ar studi e oa lakaet ar skrivagner-se da studiañ. Stumm brezhonek <i>Rupert</i> eo “Roparz”. E anv-pluenn “Hemon” a voe ur c'hoari diwar e anv Nemo, lakaet da hañvalout breizhekoc'h war un dro ha marteze un dave da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Hemon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Hemon (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Louis Hemon</a>, ur skrivagner eus Brest<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Derc'hel a reas gant an anv-pluenn-se e vuhez-pad, koulz evit e skridoù lennegel hag evit e skridoù a yezhoniezh. </p><p>Adalek <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> e krogas da verañ ar gelaouenn <i><a href="/wiki/Gwalarn" title="Gwalarn">Gwalarn</a></i> savet e <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Pariz</a> a-gevret gant <a href="/wiki/Olier_Mordrel" title="Olier Mordrel">Olier Mordrel</a>, ur stagadenn lennegel da <i>Breiz Atao</i> da gentañ. E brezhoneg e veze skrivet hepken. <i>Gwalarn</i> a zeuas da vout ur gelaouenn emren distag diouzh <i>Breiz Atao</i> kentizh ha <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>. Adalek <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> e krouas <i><a href="/wiki/Kannadig_Gwalarn" title="Kannadig Gwalarn">Kannadig Gwalarn</a></i>, a oa poblekoc'h e zanvez eget hini <i>Gwalarn</i> a oa uhel ha lennegel-rik. </p><p>Roparz Hemon a grogas da gelenn ar brezhoneg gant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skol_dre_Lizer_Gwalarn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skol dre Lizer Gwalarn (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Skol dre Lizer Gwalarn</a>, savet e <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> pe “Brezhoneg ar vugale” d'ar memes bloavezh. Dre hanterouriezh <i>Gwalarn</i> e savas un dastumad testennoù aes evit an deraouidi anvet “Levriou pemp gwenneg”, skrivet en ur brezhoneg eeun. </p><p>Adalek diwezh ar <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1920" title="Bloavezhioù 1920">bloavezhioù 1920</a> ez ae ingal da gendalc'hioù ar <a href="/wiki/Bleun-Brug" title="Bleun-Brug">Bleun-Brug</a> a-benn arvestiñ ouzh ar pezhioù-c'hoari savet gant <a href="/wiki/Tangi_Malmanche" title="Tangi Malmanche">Tangi Malmanche</a> pe veleion 'zo, a-benn o diverrañ evit <i>Gwalarn</i>. Enno e reas anaoudegezh gant tud eus an emsav <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kreisteniezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kreisteniezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">kristen</a> evel <a href="/wiki/Yann-Vari_Perrot" title="Yann-Vari Perrot">Yann-Vari Perrot</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Maodez_Glanndour" title="Maodez Glanndour">Maodez Glanndour</a>. Daoust dezhañ bout neptu a-fet <a href="/wiki/Relijion" title="Relijion">relijion</a> e komprenas Roparz Hemon e oa <a href="/wiki/Katoligiezh" title="Katoligiezh">katoliked</a> dreist-holl eus lennerion ar brezhoneg. Klask a reas skignañ e levrioù evit ar vugale er skolioù kristen, o vout ma oa an darn vrasañ eus lennerion <i>Gwalarn</i> mistri-skol en deskadurezh katolik. Adalek <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> e kemmeskas e oberenn "Brezhoneg ar vugale" gant ar striv renet gant <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Delaporte" title="Raymond Delaporte">Remont ar Porzh</a> eus ar <a href="/wiki/Bleun-Brug" title="Bleun-Brug">Bleun-Brug</a>, evit lakaat brezhoneg er skolioù kristen dindan anv "Ar Brezhoneg er skolioù"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_eil_Brezel-Bed">An <a href="/wiki/Eil_Brezel-Bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Eil Brezel-Bed">eil Brezel-Bed</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Kemmañ ar rann : An eil Brezel-Bed" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: An eil Brezel-Bed"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Roparz-Hemon03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/3/31/Roparz-Hemon03.jpg/220px-Roparz-Hemon03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/3/31/Roparz-Hemon03.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Roparz Hemon e-kerzh an eil Brezel-bed.</figcaption></figure> <p>Enrollet el <a href="/wiki/Lu" title="Lu">lu</a> gall e voe lakaet da servijout e kreizenn jubennourion an arme en <a href="/wiki/Auxi-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Auxi-le-Château">Auxi-le-Château</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>). Gloazet e voe e penn-kentañ ar brezel gant ur strinker-tan e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%A9cy-en-Ponthieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crécy-en-Ponthieu (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Crécy-en-Ponthieu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arondisamant_Abbeville" title="Arondisamant Abbeville">Arondisamant Abbeville</a>, er <a href="/wiki/Somme_(departamant)" title="Somme (departamant)">Somme</a>), d'an 23 a viz Mae <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>. Prizoniad e teuas da vout d'ar 24 a viz Mae 1940 ha kaset da ospital <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Riquier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Riquier (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Saint-Riquier</a> (Somme). Toullbac'het e voe e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_Alexisdorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp Alexisdorf (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">kamp Alexisdorf</a> hag en unan arall e-tal <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> e-men e veze tolpet Brezhoned gant Alamaned a-benn o lakaat da labourat a-enep <a href="/wiki/Bro-C%27hall" title="Bro-C'hall">Bro-C'hall</a>. </p><p>Distro da Vreizh e kendalc'has da verañ <i>Gwalarn</i>. Meur a gelaouenn a roas lañs dezho e-pad ar brezel : ar gelaouenn <a href="/wiki/Sterenn" class="mw-disambig" title="Sterenn">Sterenn</a> savet e <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>, un dastumad skridoù lennegel pe skiantel, hag ar gelaouenn <a href="/wiki/Arvor" class="mw-disambig" title="Arvor">Arvor</a> a savas e <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>, ur gelaouenn divyezhek er penn-kentañ, hag e brezhoneg hepken buan-kenañ, graet evit an holl, e doare kent <i><a href="/wiki/Kannadig_Gwalarn" title="Kannadig Gwalarn">Kannadig Gwalarn</a></i> a oa aet da get en abeg d'ar brezel. Er gelaouenn <i>Arvor</i> e skrivas meur a bennad <a href="/wiki/Enepyuzevegezh" title="Enepyuzevegezh">enep-yuzev</a> dre an anv-pluenn "Pendaran".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>D'ar 1<sup>añ</sup> a viz Kerzu <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> e sinas a-gevret gant <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gis-Marie-Joseph_de_l%27Estourbeillon_de_la_Garnache" title="Régis-Marie-Joseph de l'Estourbeillon de la Garnache">Markiz an Estourbeillon</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Jaffrennou" title="Frañsez Jaffrennou">Frañsez Jaffrennou</a> ur reketig anvet <i>Placet au Maréchal Pétain, Chef de l’État Français</i> ("Plased d'ar marichal Pétain, Arlevier ar Stad-C’hall") evit ma vije kelennet ar brezhoneg er skolioù<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Distrujet e voe e ranndi e <a href="/wiki/Brest" title="Brest">Brest</a> gant ur vombezadeg da zeiz <a href="/wiki/Pask" title="Pask">Lun Fask</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> en <i>12, plasenn La Tour d'Auvergne</i>. Dilojañ a reas da <a href="/wiki/Gwengamp" title="Gwengamp">Wengamp</a> da gentañ, d'ar <i>7, straed ar Salioù</i>. War-lerc'h ez eas da <a href="/wiki/Roazhon" title="Roazhon">Roazhon</a> da vevañ adalek ar 1añ a viz Gouere 1941. Gant distrujadenn e ranndi e Brest e kollas ur paot-mat a oberennoù en doa skrivet kent, notennoù yezhadur hag all. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:L%27Heure_Bretonne_-_13_juin_1942_-_Roparz_Hemon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/L%27Heure_Bretonne_-_13_juin_1942_-_Roparz_Hemon.jpg/220px-L%27Heure_Bretonne_-_13_juin_1942_-_Roparz_Hemon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/L%27Heure_Bretonne_-_13_juin_1942_-_Roparz_Hemon.jpg/330px-L%27Heure_Bretonne_-_13_juin_1942_-_Roparz_Hemon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/L%27Heure_Bretonne_-_13_juin_1942_-_Roparz_Hemon.jpg/440px-L%27Heure_Bretonne_-_13_juin_1942_-_Roparz_Hemon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption>Roparz Hemon en <a href="/wiki/L%27Heure_Bretonne" title="L'Heure Bretonne">L'Heure Bretonne</a> - 13 a viz Even 1942</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skingomz">Skingomz</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Skingomz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Skingomz"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dont a reas da vout <i>speaker</i> war <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Roazon-Breiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Roazon-Breiz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Radio Roazon-Breiz</a> ma teuas da vout rener da-c'houde. Labourat a rae dindan veli an Alamaned ken a-fet melestradurezh, ken a-fet <a href="/wiki/Ideologiezh" title="Ideologiezh">kealiadurezh</a>. Er skingomz-se e reas an abadennoù brezhonek kentañ. <a href="/wiki/Sevenadur" title="Sevenadur">Sevenadurel</a>-rik e oa an abadennoù-se. E-touesk ar pezhioù-c'hoari a ginnigas war gwagennoù Radio-Roazon e voe skignet unan eus e oberennoù : <i>Roperzh Emmet</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Paeet e oa e labour gant ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propaganda_Staffel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propaganda Staffel (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Propaganda Staffel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peurunvan">Peurunvan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Peurunvan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Peurunvan"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D'an 8 a viz Gouhere <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> e kemeras perzh en un emvod a-benn peurunvaniñ doare-skrivañ ar brezhoneg. Se a oa diwezh ul luskad kroget un nebeud bloavezhioù kentoc'h, gant ar re a veze graet "peurunvanerien" anezho. En emvod en em gavas tud hag a oa boazet d'ober gant doare-skrivañ Emgleo ar Skrivagnerien, savet e <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> gant <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Frañsez Vallée">Frañsez Vallée</a>, evel <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Kervella" title="Frañsez Kervella">Frañsez Kervella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yann-Vari_Perrot" title="Yann-Vari Perrot">Yann-Vari Perrot</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AAr_Bourdellez" title="Pêr Bourdellez">Pêr Bourdellez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%B1ch_Elies_Abeozen" title="Fañch Elies Abeozen">Fañch Elies Abeozen</a> ha tud hag a oa boazet d'ober gant doare-skrivañ hengounel eskopti Gwened evel <a href="/wiki/Loeiz_Herrieu" title="Loeiz Herrieu">Loeiz Herrieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roperzh_ar_Mason" title="Roperzh ar Mason">Roperzh ar Mason</a> pe ar yezhour an tad Le Goff. Un emglev a voe kavet dindan anv ar skritur <a href="/wiki/Peurunvan" title="Peurunvan">peurunvan</a> ha kerkent ha diwezh ar bloavezh 1941 e voe aotreet ar skolioù d'ober un eurvezh brezhoneg bep sizhun, e-maez an eurvezhioù ret. Buan a-walc'h etre 1941 ha 1942 e voe graet gant ar skritur peurunvan-se gant an emsaverion. </p><p>Dont a reas Roparz Hemon da vezañ rener ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Framm_Keltiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Framm Keltiek (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Framm Keltiek</a>, ur bloaz war-lerc'h e grouidigezh e miz Here <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> gant Leo Weisgerber, un aozadur sevenadurel a vode arzourion, furcherion, enklaskerion...Ar savadur-se a hañvale bout levezonet gant an <i>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</i> ("Fondezon alaman evit an imbourc'h", un doare <i><a href="/wiki/Centre_National_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique">CNRS</a></i> alaman<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<br /> Evel ma tiskouezas fichennoù-titouriñ laosket gant an SD alaman hag adkavet gant an Amerikaned e Roazhon e 1944-1945<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e kenlabouras gant an Alamaned ez-politikel en ur gemer perzh e savidigezh an teuliadoù a-enep ar prefed François Ripert<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>E dibenn ar brezel e tec'has eus <a href="/wiki/Roazhon" title="Roazhon">Roazhon</a> war-du <a href="/wiki/Alamagn" title="Alamagn">Alamagn</a> en ur c'harr-samm gant broadelourion arall d'an <a href="/wiki/2_a_viz_Eost" class="mw-redirect" title="2 a viz Eost">2 a viz Eost</a> <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lakaet e voe harz warnañ e dibenn miz Meurzh/deroù miz Ebrel <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> gant ur ged soudarded <a href="/wiki/Stadunanat" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadunanat">stadunanat</a> nepell diouzh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limburg_an_der_Lahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limburg an der Lahn (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Limburg an der Lahn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen">Hessen</a>). Toullbac'het e voe e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheinbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheinbach (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Rheinbach</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen">Nordrhein-Westfalen</a>) kent bezañ kaset da <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> gant pennadurezhioù gall ar mare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prosez_gant_lez-varn_an_Dieubidigezh">Prosez gant lez-varn an Dieubidigezh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Prosez gant lez-varn an Dieubidigezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Prosez gant lez-varn an Dieubidigezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E fin ar brezel e voe rebechet outañ e skridoù enepgall hag enepyuzev<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Adalek <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> e oa pellaet diouzh lod eus e skridoù bet embannet etre 1923 ha 1929<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Harzet e voe, ha prosez a voe da-heul dre m'en devoa taget « surentez diavaez ar Stad ». Ar brezegenn-damall a spisa ar pezh a zisklêrias Roparz Hemon evit e zagañ hag e lakaat da vout anavezet evel den kablus : "<i>Emziskleriañ a ran a-du, nemetken war an dachenn sevenadurel a zo hon re, gant ur c'henlabour leal gant ar pobloù a gizell an Europa Nevez dindan va daoulagad e-pad un emvod foran eus ar Framm keltiek e Roazhon.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Goude ur bloavezh toull-bac'h a ziarbenn e prizon Jacques Cartier e <a href="/wiki/Roazhon" title="Roazhon">Roazhon</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e krogas e brosez d'ar 15 a viz Meurzh <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>. En em zifenn a reas en ur lavarout e oa ur gouizieg ha n'en doa obererezh politikel sirius ebet, ha neuze levezon, pa oa dalc'het Bro-C'hall gant an Alamaned<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ha difennet eo bet gant miliadoù a Gelted tramor o doa komzet en un doare mat anezhañ<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ne voe ket barnet evit ar prosez a dreitouriezh a oa bet savet enep dezhañ hogen kondaonet e voe d'ar 31 a viz Mae <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> d'un divri vroadel e-pad dek bloavezh<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Diwar-neuze e kollas e statud a gelenner en deskadurezh-Stad<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harlu_en_Iwerzhon">Harlu en Iwerzhon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Harlu en Iwerzhon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Harlu en Iwerzhon"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Roparz_Hemon_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/9/9e/Roparz_Hemon_02.jpg/220px-Roparz_Hemon_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/9/9e/Roparz_Hemon_02.jpg/330px-Roparz_Hemon_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/9/9e/Roparz_Hemon_02.jpg/440px-Roparz_Hemon_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption>Roparz Hemon en harlu.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dreistbevañ a reas un nebeud amzer e <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Pariz</a> ha mont kuit a reas da Iwerzhon e miz Gouhere <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>, ma labouras evit an <i>Institute for Advanced Studies</i> (“Savadur an imbourc'hioù araokaet”) evel kelenner hag enklasker war ar brezhoneg. Mont a rae da labourat er <i>School of Celtic Studies</i> (“Skol ar studioù keltiek”), en <i>Institute for Advanced Studies</i>, en <i>10 Burlington Road</i> e <a href="/wiki/Dulenn" title="Dulenn">Dulenn</a>. Bevañ a reas e-pad meur a vloavezh en ti lec'hiet en <i>12, Norwood Park Ranelagh</i> e Dulenn. Gant ur Breizhad yaouank, Anton ar Roue e anv<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, e veve eno. Biskoazh ne zistroas da Vreizh. </p><p>War-lerc'h ar brezel e chomas Roparz Hemon meur a vloavezh hep ober tra pe dra a-fet Emsav. E <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> e tivizas diazezañ ur strollad nevez, stag ouzh ar C'hendalc'h Keltiek. Dre ul lizher deiziadet d'ar 24 a viz Gwengolo <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> en doa goulennet an emsaver gant danvez izili Skourr Breizh ar C'hendalc'h Keltiek en em vodañ e Gwengamp d'an 3 a viz Du, e ti <a href="/wiki/Vefa_de_Bellaing" title="Vefa de Bellaing">Vefa de Bellaing</a>. Meur a emsaver en em gavas en emvod-se, war galv Roparz Hemon, evel <a href="/wiki/Marsel_Klerg" title="Marsel Klerg">Marsel Klerg</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AAr_Denez" title="Pêr Denez">Pêr Denez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maodez_Glanndour" title="Maodez Glanndour">Maodez Glanndour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronan_Huon" title="Ronan Huon">Ronan Huon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roperzh_ar_Mason" title="Roperzh ar Mason">Roperzh ar Mason</a>, da lavarout eo rummad nevez an emsaverion. Roparz Hemon n'edo ket en emvod-se, met dre e baeroniezh e voe roet lañs d'ul luskad nevez en Emsav<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<br /> Hervez testeni Per Denez hag Alan Heussaf<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ne glaskas ker Roparz Hemon kaout ur vuhez sokial en Iwerzhon hag e reas nebeud a veajoù er-maezh Dulenn. Beuzet gant al labour skol-veur hag an hini war an embann e brezhoneg, ne voe ket prest da resev tud na ouient ket komz e brezhoneg. Ingal e veze degemeret an dud bet liammet gant ‘’Gwalarn<i> hag </i>Al Liamm<i> evel Arzel Even, Ronan Huon, Per Denez. Darempredoù a veze gant an harluidi all en Iwerzhon : <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heusaff" title="Alan Heusaff">Alan Heusaff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yann_Goulet" title="Yann Goulet">Yann Goulet</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_Lain%C3%A9" title="Célestin Lainé">Neven Henaff</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marv">Marv</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Marv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Marv"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roparz Hemon a varvas da heul un hir a gleñved. Abaoe meur a vloavezh e oa pareet gant seurezed e klinikenn e <a href="/wiki/Dun_Laoghaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dun Laoghaire">Dun Laoghaire</a>. Mervel a reas gant krign-bev ar bouzelloù d'an <a href="/wiki/29_a_viz_Mezheven" class="mw-redirect" title="29 a viz Mezheven">29 a viz Mezheven</a> <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> e ospital Sant-Visant e Droichead na Dotra dres goude bezañ klozet <a href="/wiki/Geriadur_istorel_ar_brezhoneg" title="Geriadur istorel ar brezhoneg">Geriadur istorel ar brezhoneg</a> en ur reizhañ ar pajennoù diwezhañ war e wele ospital. </p><p>Interet e voe e bered Sant-Varzhin e Brest (karrezenn 19, renk 3 ha bez 2 adalek ar biz), gant bezañs ur bern emsaverion ha dre lidoù broadel brezhon ha prezegennoù e brezhoneg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kealioù_hag_obererezh"><span id="Kealio.C3.B9_hag_obererezh"></span>Kealioù hag obererezh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Kealioù hag obererezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Kealioù hag obererezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gwalarn">Gwalarn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Gwalarn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Gwalarn"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> e savas Roparz Hemon ar gelaouenn <i><a href="/wiki/Gwalarn_(kelaouenn)" title="Gwalarn (kelaouenn)">Gwalarn</a></i>, gant ar pal krouiñ ul <a href="/wiki/Lennegezh" title="Lennegezh">lennegezh</a> wirion evit ar brezhoneg. Gant <a href="/wiki/Olier_Mordrel" title="Olier Mordrel">Olier Mordrel</a> en doa savet, da gentañ, ur stagadenn lennegel d'ar gelaouenn <a href="/wiki/Breiz_Atao" title="Breiz Atao">Breiz Atao</a>, renet gant ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strollad_Broadel_Breiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strollad Broadel Breiz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Strollad Broadel Breiz</a>. Dont a reas ar gelaouenn lennegel <i>Gwalarn</i> da vezañ distag er bloaz war-lerc'h. Chom a reas rener ar gelaouenn betek <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> ha delc'her da lakaat anezhi da zont er-maez bep daou viz ingal. Enni e veze embannet oberennoù nevez o stumm, darn anezho levezonet kreñv gant lennegezhioù ar yezhoù all (<a href="/wiki/Saozneg" title="Saozneg">saozneg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spagnoleg" title="Spagnoleg">spagnoleg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alamaneg" title="Alamaneg">alamaneg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italianeg" title="Italianeg">italianeg</a>). Ur <a href="/wiki/Roll_skrivagnerien_Skol_Walarn" title="Roll skrivagnerien Skol Walarn">bochad skrivagnerien yaouank</a> a gemeras o lañs ken e vez lavaret ez eus ul luskad lennegel anavezet dindan anv <a href="/wiki/Skol_Walarn" class="mw-redirect" title="Skol Walarn">Skol Walarn</a>. Digeriñ ar brezhoneg war ar bed a oa e bal, ha troidigezhioù e-leizh a oa bet kaset da benn, diwar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Chrisstian_Andersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Chrisstian Andersen (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Andersen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cervantes" class="mw-disambig" title="Cervantes">Cervantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pouchkin" class="mw-disambig" title="Pouchkin">Pouchkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>... Lakaat al lennegezh keltiek da vezañ anavezet a oa bet graet ivez, evel mojennoù kozh <a href="/wiki/Iwerzhon" title="Iwerzhon">Iwerzhon</a> hag ar <a href="/wiki/Mabinogion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a>. </p><p>En-dro dezhañ e teuas ur bagad brav a dud yaouank ez eo chomet o anv en istor ar yezh, evel <a href="/wiki/Youenn_Drezen" title="Youenn Drezen">Youenn Drezen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%B1ch_Elies" class="mw-redirect" title="Fañch Elies">Fañch Elies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abeozen" class="mw-redirect" title="Abeozen">Abeozen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Loeiz_ar_Floc%27h" class="mw-disambig" title="Loeiz ar Floc'h">Loeiz ar Floc'h</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maodez_Glanndour" title="Maodez Glanndour">Maodez Glanndour</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Kervella" title="Frañsez Kervella">Frañsez Kervella</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kenan_Kongar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenan Kongar">Kenan Kongar</a>), <a href="/wiki/Langleiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Langleiz">Langleiz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakez_Riou" title="Jakez Riou">Jakez Riou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fant_Rozeg" title="Fant Rozeg">Meavenn</a>, ha meur a hini all c'hoazh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soñjoù"><span id="So.C3.B1jo.C3.B9"></span>Soñjoù</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Soñjoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Soñjoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Roparz_Hemon_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/8/87/Roparz_Hemon_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>E dibenn e vuhez</figcaption></figure> <p>Un den a breder e oa Roparz Hemon ivez, pa lenner e zastumad pennadoù <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur_Breizhad_oc%27h_adkavout_Breizh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ur Breizhad oc'h adkavout Breizh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Ur Breizhad oc'h adkavout Breizh</a></i> e weler e oa levezonet kalz gant tud evel <a href="/wiki/Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi">Gandhi</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a>.<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ivona_Martin" title="Ivona Martin">Ivona Martin</a> a ziskleir<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e oa ur c'hatolik anezhañ, met <a href="/wiki/Youenn_Olier" title="Youenn Olier">Youenn Olier</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a soñj dezhañ e c'haller krediñ e vire ur seurt elevez war an arvez-se eus e vuhez diabarzh, evel war arvezioù all anezhi. "<i>Dre-se n'eus ket da ober anezhañ ur c'hatolik hep n'en dije diarc'het e-unan ar perzh-se</i>". </p><p>A-du-krenn e oa ivez gant an <a href="/wiki/Esperanteg" title="Esperanteg">esperanteg</a>, ur yezh etrebroadel. Ur benveg evitañ evit sevel a-enep d'ar yezhoù “impalaer” ha da lakaat an holl yezhoù par. Sevel a reas un dastumad esperantek anvet <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nord-Okcidento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nord-Okcidento (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Nord-Okcidento</a></i> e <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>, ur yezhadur bihan hag ur geriadurig esperanteg-brezhoneg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mont_d'ar_bobl"><span id="Mont_d.27ar_bobl"></span>Mont d'ar bobl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Mont d'ar bobl" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Mont d'ar bobl"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kentañ tra a reas a voe dismegañsiñ al lennegezh vrezhonek poblek, a veze lennet gant dekmiliadoù a dud war <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Courrier_du_Finist%C3%A8re" title="Le Courrier du Finistère">Le Courrier du Finistère</a></i> (da skouer), en ur skrid gallek anvet <i>Manifeste de Gwalarn</i>. </p><p>«Deskadurezh ar bobl vrezhon gant ar brezhoneg» hag e «brezhoneg hepken» e oa bet mennad bras Roparz Hemon a-hed e vuhez. A-raok mont d'ar bobl avat, e oa ret kaout traoù a-zoare da ginnig dezhi, ha binvioù a-feson ivez. Setu perak e savas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skol_dre_lizer_Gwalarn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skol dre lizer Gwalarn (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Skol dre lizer Gwalarn</a> (<a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>) ha <a href="/wiki/Kannadig_Gwalarn" title="Kannadig Gwalarn">Kannadig Gwalarn</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>) evit an holl. </p><p>Ur benveg all evit deskiñ brezhoneg buan, pe deskiñ lenn buan, e voe ar <a href="/wiki/Brezhoneg_eeun" title="Brezhoneg eeun">brezhoneg eeun</a>, ur roll gerioù diazez, a gaver e pep <a href="/wiki/Rannyezh" title="Rannyezh">rannyezh</a>, un tammig en tu-hont da 1000 ger (<a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>), ha <a href="/wiki/Geriadur" title="Geriadur">geriadurioù</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Yezhadur" title="Yezhadur">yezhadurioù</a> bihan ha marc'had-mat. </p><p>Lakaat ar vugale d'ober gant ar brezhoneg a oa ivez ur pal bras evitañ, pa ne vezent ket skoliataet en o yezh, ha pa veze enebet garv ouzh ar brezhoneg er skolioù, a zo gwashoc'h. Setu pal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brezoneg_ar_vugale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brezoneg ar vugale (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Brezoneg ar vugale</a> (<a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>) hag an dastumad “Levriou pemp gwenneg”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labour_en_harlu">Labour en harlu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Labour en harlu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Labour en harlu"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daoust da se e kendalc'has da labourat dizehan evit ar brezhoneg, labourioù gouiziek koulz ha traoù dudi pe <a href="/wiki/Lennegezh" title="Lennegezh">lennegezh</a> wirion. Kenderc'hel a reas da skrivañ e meur a stil (barzhoniezh, c'hoariva, romantoù, yezhadurioù, geriadurioù, arnodskridoù, levrioù evit ar re yaouank). Sevel a reas ar gelaouenn <i>Ar Bed keltiek</i> e miz Genver <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> ha kenlabourat a reas gant ar gelaouenn <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Liamm" title="Al Liamm">Al Liamm</a></i> (renet gant <a href="/wiki/Ronan_Huon" title="Ronan Huon">Ronan Huon</a>) a zo ur meni heuliadenn da <i>Gwalarn</i>. Betek miz Kerzu <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> e voe embannet <i>Ar Bed keltiek</i>. Tost ouzh danvez <a href="/wiki/Kannadig_Gwalarn" title="Kannadig Gwalarn">Kannadig Gwalarn</a> pe hini <a href="/wiki/Arvor" class="mw-disambig" title="Arvor">Arvor</a> e voe endalc’h ar miziek-se Da gentañ, ar gelaouenn-se a oa bizskrivet gant Roparz Hemon e-unan e Dulenn, hogen war-lerc'h e kemeras <a href="/wiki/Ivona_Martin" title="Ivona Martin">Ivona Martin</a> ar gefridi d'he bizskrivañ, hag e veze embannet e Brest ma oa-hi o chom. <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heussaff" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Heussaff">Alan Heussaff</a>, dreist-holl, a skrive kalz e-barzh : hennezh a oa en harlu en Iwerzhon ivez, ha darempredoù stank en doa gant Roparz Hemon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hêrezh"><span id="H.C3.AArezh"></span>Hêrezh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Hêrezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Hêrezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:KreizennSevenadurelGwengamp2003.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/5/57/KreizennSevenadurelGwengamp2003.JPG/220px-KreizennSevenadurelGwengamp2003.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/5/57/KreizennSevenadurelGwengamp2003.JPG/330px-KreizennSevenadurelGwengamp2003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/5/57/KreizennSevenadurelGwengamp2003.JPG/440px-KreizennSevenadurelGwengamp2003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption>Kreizenn sevenadurel Roparz Hemon e Gwengamp e 2003.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enorioù_en_Emsav"><span id="Enorio.C3.B9_en_Emsav"></span>Enorioù en Emsav</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Enorioù en Emsav" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Enorioù en Emsav"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ar savadurioù sevenadurel brezhonek o deus rentet klod dezhañ meur a wezh, anaoudek eus e labour ramzel evit ar brezhoneg. Ur <a href="/wiki/Priz_Roparz_Hemon" title="Priz Roparz Hemon">Priz Roparz Hemon</a> zo bet krouet. </p><p>E labour war ar yezh ha war al lennegezh zo bet kendalc'het gant meur a yezhour hag a skrivagner en tier-embann <a href="/wiki/Al_Liamm" title="Al Liamm">Al Liamm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preder" title="Preder">Preder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imbourc%27h" title="Imbourc'h">Imbourc'h</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aber_(kelaouenn)" title="Aber (kelaouenn)">Aber</a>... Meur a wezh eo bet adembannet e oberennoù ha pouezus eo e gelennadurezh en Emsav hiziv-an-deiz c'hoazh. E bezhioù c'hoari a vez c'hoariet gant meur a strollad evel <a href="/wiki/Strollad_ar_Vro_Bagan" title="Strollad ar Vro Bagan">Strollad ar Vro Bagan</a> pe c'hoazh er <a href="/wiki/Skinwel" title="Skinwel">skinwel</a>, evel <i>Meurlarjez</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pe <i>Al laer avel</i><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Skolaj kentañ <a href="/wiki/Diwan" title="Diwan">Diwan</a> er <a href="/wiki/Ar_Releg-Kerhuon" title="Ar Releg-Kerhuon">Releg-Kerhuon</a> a voe badezet diouzh e anv evel ar greizenn sevenadurel e <a href="/wiki/Gwengamp" title="Gwengamp">Gwengamp</a>. Ar geriadur hollvrezhonek kentañ a voe dediet dezhañ<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Bilhed_20_lur_RH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/a/af/Bilhed_20_lur_RH.jpg/220px-Bilhed_20_lur_RH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/a/af/Bilhed_20_lur_RH.jpg/330px-Bilhed_20_lur_RH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/a/af/Bilhed_20_lur_RH.jpg/440px-Bilhed_20_lur_RH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2766" data-file-height="2570" /></a><figcaption>Bilhed 20 lur arveret e-pad Gouel broadel ar brezhoneg.</figcaption></figure> <p>Meur a straed zo bet badezet diouzh Roparz Hemon e Breizh, evel e <a href="/wiki/Pempoull" title="Pempoull">Pempoull</a> pe e <a href="/wiki/Plouzeniel" title="Plouzeniel">Plouzeniel</a>. </p><p>E-pad ar <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1990" title="Bloavezhioù 1990">bloavezhioù 1990</a> e oa bilhedoù bank arveret war lec'h Gouel Broadel ar brezhoneg, dre fent hag evit paeañ ar marc'hadourezhioù a veze kavet war an dachenn fest. Unan anezho a oa gouestlet da Roparz Hemon hag un dalvoudegezh a ugent lur en doa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tabutoù_a-zivout_Roparz_Hemon"><span id="Tabuto.C3.B9_a-zivout_Roparz_Hemon"></span>Tabutoù a-zivout Roparz Hemon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Tabutoù a-zivout Roparz Hemon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Tabutoù a-zivout Roparz Hemon"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>, skourr MRAP <a href="/wiki/Il-ha-Gwilen" title="Il-ha-Gwilen">Il-ha-Gwilen</a>, diwar vroud hag atiz <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Morvan" title="Françoise Morvan">Françoise Morvan</a>, a savas trouz a-enep an enor a reas <a href="/wiki/Skol-Uhel_Ar_Vro" class="mw-redirect" title="Skol-Uhel Ar Vro">Skol-Uhel Ar Vro</a> da goun Roparz Hemon, en ur lakaat war-wel e obererezh e-pad an eil Brezel-bed. </p><p>E-tro ar bloavezh <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> e savas tabut bras en-dro da vrud Roparz Hemon, pa voe tamallet outañ, da gentañ-penn, e emzalc’h da vare ar Brezel hag un nebeud frazennoù bet skrivet er mare-se ivez evit ar braz anezho, e enebiezh e-keñver an divyezhegezh hag e sell war ar yezh. Ken ma voe divadezet skolaj <a href="/wiki/Diwan" title="Diwan">Diwan</a> Roparz Hemon er <a href="/wiki/Ar_Releg-Kerhuon" title="Ar Releg-Kerhuon">Releg-Kerhuon</a> e <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>, ha Kreizenn sevenadurel <a href="/wiki/Gwengamp" title="Gwengamp">Gwengamp</a> un nebeud bloavezhioù war-lerc'h. Renet e oa an divrudadeg-se gant aozadurioù ha metoù enebet groñs ouzh ar brezhoneg pe reoù a gav dezho n’eus dazont ebet da gaout evit ar brezhoneg. E <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> e voe distaolet ar panell « Roparz Hemon » a oa stag ouzh moger Kreizenn sevenadurel Gwengamp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Levrlennadur">Levrlennadur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Levrlennadur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Levrlennadur"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liesseurt eo oberenn divent Roparz Hemon. Lennegel kentoc'h da gentañ, ha skrivet e brezhoneg dreist-holl hag un tammig e galleg ha tolpet er gelaouenn <i><a href="/wiki/Gwalarn" title="Gwalarn">Gwalarn</a></i> a-raok ar Brezel-bed, e teuas da vout ul labour a ouiziegezh skrivet e saozneg e-ser kenderc'hel da skrivañ levrioù ha pennadoù brezhonek embannet gant an ti-embann hag ar gelaouenn <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Liamm" title="Al Liamm">Al Liamm</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oberenn_lennegel">Oberenn lennegel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Oberenn lennegel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Oberenn lennegel"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kelaouennoù"><span id="Kelaouenno.C3.B9"></span>Kelaouennoù</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Kelaouennoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Kelaouennoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gwalarn_(kelaouenn)" title="Gwalarn (kelaouenn)">Gwalarn</a></i>, 1925-1944 (er penn anezhi eus an niverenn gentañ betek an hini diwezhañ)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sterenn_(kelaouenn)" title="Sterenn (kelaouenn)">Sterenn</a></i>, 1941-1943; reiñ a reas da embann pep miz unskridoù brezhonek e stumm ul levr, un nebeud anezho kempennet gantañ.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ar_Bed_Keltiek" title="Ar Bed Keltiek">Ar Bed Keltiek</a></i>, 1959-1971. Ar gelaouenn a veze renet gantañ eus Iwerzhon hag embannet evit Breizhiz dreist-holl.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="C'hoariva"><span id="C.27hoariva"></span><a href="/wiki/Arz_ar_c%27hoariva" title="Arz ar c'hoariva">C'hoariva</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Kemmañ ar rann : C'hoariva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: C'hoariva"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Meurlarjez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/4/41/Meurlarjez.jpg/220px-Meurlarjez.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/4/41/Meurlarjez.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Skritell <i>Meurlarjez</i>, c'hoariet gant <a href="/wiki/Strollad_ar_Vro_Bagan" title="Strollad ar Vro Bagan">Strollad ar Vro Bagan</a> e <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>An Den a netra</i>, 1927 ;</li> <li><i>Meurlarjez</i>, 1952 ;</li> <li><i>C’hoariva</i>, div zastumadenn embannet e <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Romantoù"><span id="Romanto.C3.B9"></span><a href="/wiki/Romant" title="Romant">Romantoù</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Romantoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Romantoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_aotrou_Bimbochet_e_Breiz" title="An aotrou Bimbochet e Breiz">An aotrou Bimbochet e Breiz</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a> ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santez_Dahud" title="Santez Dahud">Santez Dahud</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>, Gwalarn ; 4e embannadur gant <a href="/wiki/Hor_Yezh" title="Hor Yezh">Hor Yezh</a>, 1998 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/2910699293" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-910699-29-3</a>)</small>;</li> <li><i>An Aotrou Bimbochet e Breiz</i>, Brest, <a href="/wiki/Skrido%C3%B9_Breizh" title="Skridoù Breizh">Skridoù Breizh</a>, 1942 ;</li> <li><i>Ar c'horf dindan dreid va zad-kozh</i>, emb. Al Liamm, 1949 ;</li> <li><i>Gaovan hag an den gwer</i>, Brest, Al Liamm, 1949.Adembannet gant <a href="/wiki/An_Here" title="An Here">An Here</a>, 1988 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/286843052X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-86843-052-X</a>)</small> ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alanig_an_Tri_Roue" title="Alanig an Tri Roue">Alanig an Tri Roue</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>, emb. Al Liamm (golo gant <a href="/wiki/Langleiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Langleiz">Langleiz</a>) ;</li> <li><i>Ur prenestr a oa digor</i>, emb. Skridou Nevez, 1952 ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Ti_a_Drizek_Siminal" title="An Ti a Drizek Siminal">An Ti a Drizek Siminal</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> Al Liamm, adembannet gant Hor Yezh e 1998 ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_tri_boulomig_kalon_aour" title="An tri boulomig kalon aour">An tri boulomig kalon aour</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> ha <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> Al Liamm ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mari_Vorgan" title="Mari Vorgan">Mari Vorgan</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a> ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamanto%C3%B9_Keroulaz" title="Diamantoù Keroulaz">Diamantoù Keroulaz</a></i>, Al Liamm, <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>. Adembannet gant Embannadurioù <a href="/wiki/Al_Lanv" title="Al Lanv">Al Lanv</a>, 2006 ;</li> <li><i>Tangi Kerviler</i>, Al Liamm, 1971, 169 p. ;</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nenn_Jani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nenn Jani (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Nenn Jani</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> ;</li> <li><i>Troioù-kaer ar baron pouf</i>, <a href="/wiki/An_Here" title="An Here">An Here</a>, 1986 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/2868430368" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-86843-036-8</a>)</small> ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viktor_ha_Petronilh" title="Viktor ha Petronilh">Viktor ha Petronilh</a></i>, romant diechu, <a href="/wiki/Al_Liamm" title="Al Liamm">Al Liamm</a>, niv. 387, Gouere-Eost <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Danevelloù"><span id="Danevello.C3.B9"></span><a href="/wiki/Danevell" title="Danevell">Danevelloù</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Danevelloù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Danevelloù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Kleier_Eured.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/1/1f/Kleier_Eured.jpg/220px-Kleier_Eured.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/1/1f/Kleier_Eured.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption><i>Kleier eured</i>, Skridoù Breizh, <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kleier_Eured" title="Kleier Eured">Kleier Eured</a></i> Brest, Gwalarn, 1934, danevelloù a-zivout buhez Brestiz <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/2951172184" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-9511721-8-4</a>)</small> ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kleier_Eured" title="Kleier Eured">Kleier Eured</a></i> (danevelloù), Skridou Breiz, 1943, adembannet gant Embannadurioù Al Liamm e <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> ha 1979. ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ho_kervel_a_rin_en_noz_ha_marvailho%C3%B9_all" title="Ho kervel a rin en noz ha marvailhoù all">Ho kervel a rin en noz ha marvailhoù all</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> Al Liamm ;</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_ribl_an_hent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War ribl an hent (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">War ribl an hent</a></i>, Embannadurioù Al Liamm, <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> ;</li> <li><i>Danevelloù troet gant Roparz Hemon</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mouladurio%C3%B9_Hor_Yezh" title="Mouladurioù Hor Yezh">Mouladurioù Hor Yezh</a> (teir levrenn), <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ar_Pesk_Aour" title="Ar Pesk Aour">Ar Pesk Aour</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>), troidigezh vrezhonek eus <i>Le Poisson d'Or</i> (<a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>) gant <a href="/wiki/Paul_F%C3%A9val" title="Paul Féval">Paul Féval</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a>-<a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>), skeudennaouet gant <a href="/wiki/Robert_Micheau-Vernez" title="Robert Micheau-Vernez">Robert Micheau-Vernez</a> (<a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>-<a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>), prientet evit an embann gant <a href="/wiki/Pierrette_Kermoal" title="Pierrette Kermoal">Pierrette Kermoal</a>, André Soubigou Embanner, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782918202134" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-918202-13-4</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : brezhoneg">(br)</span> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Barzhoniezh"><a href="/wiki/Barzhoniezh" title="Barzhoniezh">Barzhoniezh</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Barzhoniezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Barzhoniezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Barzhonegoù</i>, Skridou Breiz, <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>, adembannet gant Embannadurioù Al Liamm e <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>. <ul><li>en o zouez <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirc%27hirin_ar_mor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirc'hirin ar mor (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Pirc'hirin ar mor</a></i> a vez gwelet evel a varzhoneg gwellañ gant lod. Skrivet en doe daou barzhoneg hir pa voe e Dulenn : <i>Kanenn evit Deiz an Anaon</i> (1948) ha <i>Galv ar bezioù</i> (1957).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eñvorennoù"><span id="E.C3.B1vorenno.C3.B9"></span>Eñvorennoù</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Eñvorennoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Eñvorennoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Eñvorennoù</i>, <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> Al Liamm, adembannet gant Al Liamm e <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a> ;</li> <li><i>An dud am eus anavezet</i>, Mouladurioù Hor Yezh, <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Troidigezhioù"><span id="Troidigezhio.C3.B9"></span>Troidigezhioù</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Troidigezhioù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Troidigezhioù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Andersen</a>, <i>Plac'hig vihan ar Mor</i>, Brest, Kenta Mouladur Moulerez, <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> ;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Marlowe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Marlowe (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Christopher Marlowe</a>, <i>Fostus an doktor daonet</i>, Bleun Brug, <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> ;</li> <li><i>C'hoariva troet</i>, <i>Hor Yezh</i>, 1991, 204 f. ;</li> <li><i>Danevelloù iwerzhonek</i>, <i>Hor Yezh</i>, 1994, 110 p.</li> <li><i>Barzhaz dianav ha barzhaz troet</i>, <i>Hor Yezh</i>, 1997 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/2910699218" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-910699-21-8</a>)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanaouenno%C3%B9" title="Kanaouennoù">Kanaouennoù</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skridoù_diechu"><span id="Skrido.C3.B9_diechu"></span>Skridoù diechu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Skridoù diechu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Skridoù diechu"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gevred_ha_skrido%C3%B9_diechu_all" title="Gevred ha skridoù diechu all">Gevred ha skridoù diechu all</a></i>, Roparz Hemon, aozet ha kinniget gant <a href="/wiki/Erwan_Hupel" title="Erwan Hupel">Erwan Hupel</a>, Embannadurioù <a href="/wiki/Al_Liamm" title="Al Liamm">Al Liamm</a>, 2018 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782736801274" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7368-0127-4</a>)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oberennoù_a_ouiziegezh"><span id="Oberenno.C3.B9_a_ouiziegezh"></span>Oberennoù a ouiziegezh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Oberennoù a ouiziegezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Oberennoù a ouiziegezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Ur_Breizhad_oc%27h_adkavout_Breizh.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/2/29/Ur_Breizhad_oc%27h_adkavout_Breizh.jpeg/220px-Ur_Breizhad_oc%27h_adkavout_Breizh.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/2/29/Ur_Breizhad_oc%27h_adkavout_Breizh.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption><i>Ur Breizhad oc'h adkavout Breizh</i>, Al Liamm, <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arnodskridoù"><span id="Arnodskrido.C3.B9"></span>Arnodskridoù</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Arnodskridoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Arnodskridoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_langue_bretonne_et_ses_combats" title="La langue bretonne et ses combats">La langue bretonne et ses combats</a></i>, Skridou Breiz, <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> & La Baule : Éditions de Bretagne, 3<sup>de</sup> trimiziad <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> ; a-bouez eo ar meneger a 1001 levr a gaver e diwezh al levr.</li> <li><i>Ur Breizhad oc'h adkavout Breizh</i>, dastumad pennadoù, <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> ha <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>; adembannet e <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a> gant <a href="/wiki/Al_Lanv" title="Al Lanv">Al Lanv</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kelennerezh_ha_yezhouriezh">Kelennerezh ha yezhouriezh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Kelennerezh ha yezhouriezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Kelennerezh ha yezhouriezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:An_doare-skriva_nevez_RH_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/An_doare-skriva_nevez_RH_1945.jpg/220px-An_doare-skriva_nevez_RH_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/An_doare-skriva_nevez_RH_1945.jpg/330px-An_doare-skriva_nevez_RH_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/An_doare-skriva_nevez_RH_1945.jpg/440px-An_doare-skriva_nevez_RH_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption><i>An doare-skriva nevez</i>, Imprimerie Centrale de Rennes, 1945</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Distagadur ar brezhoneg</i>, 1928 ;</li> <li><i>Précis de Grammaire bretonne</i>, Brest, Moulerez Stread ar C'hastell, 1928.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_breton-fran%C3%A7ais_fran%C3%A7ais-breton_Roparz_Hemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictionnaire breton-français français-breton Roparz Hemon">Dictionnaire breton-français et français-breton</a></i>. Meur a embannadur adalek 1928 betek 1970 ;</li> <li><i>Yezhadur berr ar brezhoneg</i>, meur a embannadur adalek <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> betek <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> ;</li> <li><i>L'Orthographe bretonne</i>, Brest, Moulerez Stread ar C'hastell, <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cours_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire_de_breton" title="Cours élémentaire de breton">Cours élémentaire de breton</a></i>, Rennes, <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> <small>(ISBN B0000DV9R9)</small>.</li> <li><i>Teñzor ar gwenedeg</i>, Gwalarn, 1935 ;</li> <li><i>Geriadurig gallek-brezhonek an troioù-lavar poblel</i>, 1935, 1962, 1990, <a href="/wiki/Hor_Yezh" title="Hor Yezh">Hor Yezh</a> ;</li> <li><i>Grammaire bretonne</i>, ha <i>La Prononciation bretonne</i> da heul, Brest, Gwalarn, 1940 ;</li> <li><i>Les Mots du breton usuel classés d'après le sens</i> ; Brest, emb. de Bretagne, 1942, <small>(ISBN B0000DPLFZ)</small> ;</li> <li><i>Méthode rapide de breton</i>, 1942 <small>(ISBN B0000DUM0V)</small> ;</li> <li><i>An doare-skriva nevez</i> ; Rennes, Imprimerie Centrale de Rennes, <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a></li> <li><i>Geriadur istorel ar brezhoneg, Dictionnaire historique du breton</i>, Preder, 36 rann, adalek 1958 betek 1991 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/2901383017" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-901383-01-7</a>)</small>;</li> <li><i>Cours élémentaire de breton</i>, 1975, <small>(ISBN B0000DRE3H)</small> ;</li> <li><i>A historical morphology and syntax of Breton</i>, Institute for Adanced Studies, 1975 ;</li> <li><i>Geriadurig gallek-brezhonek an troioù-lavar poblel</i>, Hor Yezh, 1990 ;</li> <li><i>Yezhadur istorel ar brezhoneg</i>, lakaet e brezhoneg gant <a href="/wiki/Alan_Dipode" title="Alan Dipode">Alan Dipode</a>, Hor Yezh, 1998 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/2910699366" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-910699-36-6</a>)</small> ;</li> <li><i>Alc'hwez ar brezhoneg eeun</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/2868631266" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-86863-126-6</a>)</small>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Studi_al_lennegezh_kozh">Studi al lennegezh kozh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Studi al lennegezh kozh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Studi al lennegezh kozh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Christmas Hymns in the Vannes dialect of breton</i>, Dublin, Institute for advanced studies, 1956 ;</li> <li><i>Trois poèmes en moyen-breton</i>, troet ha notennet gant Roparz Hemon (Tremenuan an ytron Maria - Pemzec leuenez Maria - Buhez mab den), Dublin, Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Celtic Studies, 1962, XXIV+172 p <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/1855000636" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85500-063-6</a>)</small> ;</li> <li><i>Les fragments de la Destruction de Jérusalem et des Amours du Vieillard</i> (testennoù e krennvrezhoneg), troet ha notennet, Dublin, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1969, XXXII+448 p. ;</li> <li><i>Doctrin an Christenien</i> (testenn eus 1622 e krennvrezhoneg gant un doare c'hallek hag un doare e brezhoneg kempred eus testenn 1677, gant rakskrid ha notennoù), Dublin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies</a>, School of Celtic Studies, 1977, XII+84 p. ;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danevello%C3%B9_kozh_danvez_Breizh" title="Danevelloù kozh danvez Breizh">Danevelloù kozh danvez Breizh</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hor_Yezh" title="Hor Yezh">Hor Yezh</a>, 1992, 164 f. ;</li> <li><i>Testennoù evit ar studi</i> (An Mirouer a confession (1621), An Dialog etre Arzur Roe d'an Bretounet ha Guynglaff, La Resurection de Jesus Christ en forme de tragedy en air bretton, La Création), Hor Yezh, n° 200, 1994 ;</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar_Varn_diwezha%C3%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ar Varn diwezhañ (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Ar Varn diwezhañ</a></i> (pezh-c'hoari eus an XVIIIvet kantved), <a href="/wiki/Sant-Brieg" title="Sant-Brieg">Sant-Brieg</a>, Skol, 1998.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Embann">Embann</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Embann" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Embann"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aogust_Brizeug" title="Aogust Brizeug">Aogust Brizeug</a>, <i>Telenn Arvor, Furnez Breiz</i>, <a href="/wiki/Gwalarn" title="Gwalarn">Gwalarn</a>, 1929 ;</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studiadennoù_a-zivout_Roparz_Hemon"><span id="Studiadenno.C3.B9_a-zivout_Roparz_Hemon"></span>Studiadennoù a-zivout Roparz Hemon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Studiadennoù a-zivout Roparz Hemon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Studiadennoù a-zivout Roparz Hemon"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:La_radio_en_langue_bretonne.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/1/1f/La_radio_en_langue_bretonne.png" decoding="async" width="156" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption><i>La radio en langue bretonne, Roparz Hemon et Pierre-Jakez Hélias</i>, Ronan Le Calvez, <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Meur a studiadenn zo bet gouestlet da studiañ oberennoù ha buhez Roparz Hemon :<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>“Roparz Hemon ha brezhoneg ar vugale”, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AAr_Denez" title="Pêr Denez">Pêr Denez</a>, niverenn 37 <a href="/wiki/Hor_Yezh" title="Hor Yezh">Hor Yezh</a>, <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a> ;</li> <li>“ Eus Gwarizi vras Emer da vMari Vorgan”, <a href="/wiki/Pierrette_Kermoal" title="Pierrette Kermoal">Pierrette Kermoal</a>, niverenn 91 <a href="/wiki/Preder" title="Preder">Preder</a>, <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a> ;</li> <li>“O sellout war va c'hiz”, <a href="/wiki/Youenn_Olier" title="Youenn Olier">Youenn Olier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imbourc%27h" title="Imbourc'h">Imbourc'h</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> ;</li> <li>“Faltazi Roparz Hemon”, A. Even, niverenn 142 <a href="/wiki/Al_Liamm" title="Al Liamm">Al Liamm</a>, <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> ;</li> <li><i>Skol Walarn I - Un tonkad hag un oberenn (Roparz Hemon)</i>, Youenn Olier, Roazhon, <a href="/wiki/Imbourc%27h" title="Imbourc'h">Imbourc'h</a>, <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> 192 b. ; adembannet ha kresket e 1995, 291 b. ;</li> <li>“Lenn ha dilenn : Nann Jenni”, M. Briant, Pobl Vreizh, n. 62, p. 6, <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> ;</li> <li>“Mortuach Roparz Hemon”, Herve Latimier, niverenn 103 Pobl Vreizh, <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> ;</li> <li>Niverenn 190 Al Liamm gouestlet da Roparz Hemon da-geñver e varv e <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a> : <ul><li>”Roparz Hemon e Dulenn”, A. Heussaff, niverenn 190 Al Liamm, 1978 ;</li> <li>“Roparz Hemon, bloavezhioù hag oberennoù pennañ”, <a href="/wiki/Ronan_Huon" title="Ronan Huon">Ronan Huon</a>, niverenn 190 Al Liamm, 1978 ;</li> <li>“Va breur, p'edomp yaouank ha koshoc'h”, A. Nemo, niverenn 190 Al Liamm, 1978 ;</li></ul></li> <li>“Nécrologie de Roparz Hemon”, <a href="/wiki/Yann-Ber_Piriou" title="Yann-Ber Piriou">Yann-Ber Piriou</a>, niverenn 177 Le peuple breton, 1978 ;</li> <li>“Roparz Hemon de gauche à droite”, P. Rannou, niverenn 29 Canard de Nantes à Brest, <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> ;</li> <li>“Roparz Hemon : 1900-1978”, Sylvia Morgan, niverennoù 14-15 Studia Celtica, <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> ;</li> <li>“Introduction à la traduction française de la Marie-Morgane”, <a href="/wiki/Gwion_Etienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwion Etienne">Gwion Etienne</a>, Presses d'aujourd'hui, <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> ;</li> <li>“Roparz Hemon, gouestlad gant ar brezhoneg e-pad 50 vloaz”, <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%B1ch_Morvannou" title="Fañch Morvannou">Fañch Morvannou</a>, niverenn 23 Planedenn, <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> ;</li> <li>“Hag eo Roparz Hemon eun doue ?”, J. Salaun, niverenn 96 <a href="/wiki/Brud_Nevez" title="Brud Nevez">Brud Nevez</a>, <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> ;</li> <li>“Un demi-siècle au service du breton : Roparz Hemon”, Fañch Morvannou, <i>Histoire littéraire et culturelle de la Bretagne</i>, <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a> ;</li> <li>“Comment j'ai connu Louis Némo”, P. Laurent, niverenn 24 Dalc'homp soñj, <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> ;</li> <li>“Al laer avel”, <a href="/wiki/Mikael_Madeg" title="Mikael Madeg">Mikael Madeg</a>, niverenn 121 Brud Nevez, <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> ;</li> <li>“Roparz Hemon, hor mestr”, <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Kervella" title="Frañsez Kervella">Frañsez Kervella</a>, levrig Gwalarn, 1989 ;</li> <li>“Al laer avel”, Ronan Huon, niverenn 252 Al Liamm, 1989 ;</li> <li>”Roll oberennoù Roparz Hemon”, P. Penneg, niverennoù 192 da 194, 251, 252 da 256 Al Liamm, 1979-1989 ;</li> <li>“Roparz Hemon et l'art dramatique breton”, R. Caouissin, Gwalarn, 1989 ;</li> <li>“Roparz Hemon (1900-1978), Dalc'homp soñj<i>, Yves Tymen ren., <a href="/wiki/An_Oriant" title="An Oriant">An Oriant</a>, 187 p. (testennoù gant Vefa de Bellaing, Yann Bouessel du Bourg, Herri Caouissin, Per Denez, Yann Gwegen, Alan Heusaff, Ronan Huon, Pierre Laurent, Ivona Martin, Aimée Nemo, Yves Tymen) <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/290592908X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-905929-08-X</a>)</small> ;</i></li> <li>“Un tonkad hag un oberenn”, Youenn Olier, Imbourc'h, 1990 ;</li> <li>Eibhlín Ní Chatailriabhaigh & Malachy McKenna (renerezh), <i>Roparzh Hemon : Kounioù & hengoun lennegel ar brezhoneg = Roparz Hemon : Cuimhní cinn agus liteatha na Briotdinise’’, 3 brezegenn dalc’het e Dulenn d’an 15-16 Mezheven 1990 dindan atiz Áras Bhord na Gaeilge, Baile Atha Cliath, Coiscéim, 1990. Da-heul, ur studiadenn diwar-benn <a href="/wiki/Yann_Goulet" title="Yann Goulet">Yann Goulet</a>, savet gant Eibhlín Ní Chatailriabhaigh.</i></li> <li>“La radio en langue bretonne, R. Hemon et P.J.Helias, deux rêves de la Bretagne”, R. Calvez, PUR, tezenn soutenet e miz Kerzu 1999 e <a href="/wiki/Skol-veur_Brest" class="mw-redirect" title="Skol-veur Brest">Skol-veur Brest</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/2868475345" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-86847-534-5</a>)</small>;</li> <li>“Roparz Hemon”, S. Danielou, <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1s_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Frañs 3">Frañs 3</a> (abadenn skinwel), 2000 ;</li> <li>“Gweltre an hunvre”, <a href="/wiki/Fulup_Lannuzel" title="Fulup Lannuzel">F. Lannuzel</a>, niverenn 326 Al Liamm, <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> ;</li> <li><i>Aborigène Occidental</i>, M; Treger, Mille et une nuits, <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. Burutellat a ra hentenn Ronan Calvez ha <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Morvan" title="Françoise Morvan">Françoise Morvan</a> a-zivout o studiadennoù diwar-benn Roparz Hemon ;</li> <li>“Brest en oberenn Roparz Hemon”, Jorj Abherve-Gwegen, niverenn 32 Aber, <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a> ;</li> <li><i>Arthur et David - Bretons et Juifs sous l'Occupation</i>, Y. Mervin, Yoran Embanner, <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> ;</li> <li>“War roudoù Roparz Hemon – War glask ar gêr aet da get”, Jorj Abherve-Gwegen, niverenn 52 <a href="/wiki/Aber_(kelaouenn)" title="Aber (kelaouenn)">Aber</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>;</li> <li>“Mojenn ha kan a van...”, a-zivout Porzh, gant Roparz Hemon”, Pierrette Kermoal, niverenn 52 Aber, 2013 (...)</li> <li><i>Ha ret eo lazhañ Roparz Hemon</i> ?, <a href="/wiki/Erwan_Vallerie" title="Erwan Vallerie">Even Gwalereg</a>, Sav Breizh, niv. 2, p. 46</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ereoù_diabarzh"><span id="Ereo.C3.B9_diabarzh"></span>Ereoù diabarzh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Ereoù diabarzh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Ereoù diabarzh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breiz_Atao" title="Breiz Atao">Breiz Atao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emsav" title="Emsav">Emsav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalarn_(kelaouenn)" title="Gwalarn (kelaouenn)">Gwalarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peurunvan" title="Peurunvan">Peurunvan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ereoù_diavaez"><span id="Ereo.C3.B9_diavaez"></span>Ereoù diavaez</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Ereoù diavaez" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Ereoù diavaez"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdJAj6i701E">Mouezh Roparz Hemon</a> war al load Youtube.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notennoù"><span id="Notenno.C3.B9"></span>Notennoù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Notennoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roparz_Hemon&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Notennoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:2; -moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gw. "Roparz Hemon", <i>Lennegezh ar brezhoneg en <a href="/wiki/XXvet_kantved" title="XXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Favereau" title="Frañsez Favereau">Frañsez Favereau</a>, levrenn 2, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">”Eus al latin <i>nec homo</i>, o talvezout kement ha “den ebet” “ Roparz Hemon, Frañsez Favereau, <i>Lennegezh ar brezhoneg en <a href="/wiki/XXvet_kantved" title="XXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>, levrenn 2 “Breiz Atao hag ar re all el lennegezh “1919/1945, pajenn 265.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">”Eus Brest da Gonk-Leon, war roudoù Roparz Hemon”, Jorj Abherve-Gwegen, niverenn 52 <a href="/wiki/Aber_(kelaouenn)" title="Aber (kelaouenn)">Aber</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdJAj6i701E">Selaouit mouezh Roparz Hemon</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">”Frañsez Vallée”, Roparz Hemon, niverenn 16 <a href="/wiki/Al_Liamm" title="Al Liamm">Al Liamm</a>, Gwengolo-Here 1949.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gw. “Roparz Hemon”, <i>Lennegezh ar brezhoneg en <a href="/wiki/XXvet_kantved" title="XXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a></i>, Frañsez Favereau, levrenn 2, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En un notenn eus ar <i>Renseignements Généraux</i> gall eus <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> e kaver kement-mañ diwar e benn : “<i>Bon professeur, pas connu</i>” (“Kelenner mat, dianav”).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gw. “Roparz Hemon, hor mestr”, Frañsez Kervella, 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Skol Walarn, un tonkad hag un oberenn</i>, <a href="/wiki/Youenn_Olier" title="Youenn Olier">Youenn Olier</a>, emb. Imbourc'h, 1995, pajenn 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gw. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://membres.lycos.fr/leguenne/etudes/arvor/arvor.htm">« Roparz Hémon, Arvor, l'antisémitisme et le PNB, en janvier 1944 »</a></i> war load al <i>Libre Pensée</i>. Dindan an anv-pluenn Pendaran (evel ma tiskouez Georges Cadiou en e levr <i>L'hermine et la croix gammée : le mouvement breton et la collaboration</i>, Mango, 2001, 262 bajenn, p. 139) ha neuze, e 1990, er gelaouenn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalc%27homp_Sonj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalc'homp Sonj (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Dalc'homp Sonj</a> ez eo anavezet, pajenn 47, gant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yann_Bouessel_du_Bourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yann Bouessel du Bourg (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Yann Bouessel du Bourg</a> : « E berzh hiniennel zo divent pe dindan e anv-pluenn boutin (Roparz Hemon) pe dindan hini Pendaran. » Anna Debauvais a lavar : «sinañ a ra Pendaran » (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fransez_Debauvais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fransez Debauvais (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Fransez Debauvais</a></i>, levrenn 3, p. 197)) hag e skriv : <ul><li>« Er memes pennad evel <a href="/wiki/Loeiz_Herrieu" title="Loeiz Herrieu">Loeiz Herrieu</a>, (...) e kavomp ur skouer eus e c'houlennoù (...) e vefe Breizh paneve an dornad dud yuzevekaet a gred hon ren (...) », e niverenn 16 d'an 20 a viz Ebrel 1941 ;</li> <li>« An trede Republik he deus skuilhet er bobl ur sevenadur diazezet war kevrin an dispac'h gall, adwelet ha reizhet gant ar strollad radikal, gant, gwell eo en lavarout, kenlabour ar Yuzevion hag al lojoù ; sevenadur ma vez an divez a fell mont e-maez an dogmoù relijiel» e niverenn 2 d'ar c'hentañ a viz Even 1941.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gw. <i>Lennegezh ar brezhoneg en <a href="/wiki/XXvet_kantved" title="XXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a></i>, <i>Levrenn gentañ</i>, Frañsez Favereau, pajenn 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Skol Walarn, un tonkad hag un oberenn</i>, Youenn Olier, pajenn 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lionel Boissou, « L'Allemagne et le nationalisme breton (1939-1945) », in <i>Bretagne et identités régionales durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale</i>, dindan renerezh Christian Bougeard, Brest, Kreizenn an enklaskoù breizhek ha keltiek, 2002, p. 332. Bout ez eus c'hoazh eus ar savadur-se en deiz a hiziv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gw. <i>Le Bezen Perrot</i>, Kristian Hamon, Yoran embanner.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Fr%C3%A9ville" title="Henri Fréville">Henri Fréville</a> (1985), <i>Archives secrètes de la Bretagne</i>. Embannadur Ouest-France, 2004, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">« E-pad kentañ devezhioù miz Eost» 1944, « pa oa al luskad alaman o kuitaat Roazhon, e tegasjont <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_Lain%C3%A9" title="Célestin Lainé">C. Lainé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Guieysse" title="Marcel Guieysse">Marcel Guieysse</a>, e wreg hag e verc'h, e skoazeller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ange_P%C3%A9resse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ange Péresse (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Ange Péresse</a> gant e familh, Roparz Hemon ha stourmerion dizalc'her vrezhon, war un dro gant luourion ar Bezen Perrot, gwisket ganto o dilhad lu alaman. » <a href="/wiki/Yann_Fou%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Yann Fouéré">Yann Fouéré</a>, <i>La Patrie interdite, Histoire d'un Breton</i>, France Empire, 1987, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">« <i>La Troisième République française a répandu dans le peuple une culture axée sur la mystique de la Révolution de 1789, revue et corrigée par le parti radical, avec, cela va sans dire, la collaboration des Juifs et des Loges ; culture où la morale, surtout négative, veut échapper aux dogmes religieux, où les sciences dites exactes prennent le pas sur les sciences d'observation, où l'histoire obéit aux concepts jacobins, où la littérature se réclame du monde gréco-latin</i> », <i>in</i> Pendaran « Culte et culture », en <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvor_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvor (journal) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Arvor</a></i> niverenn 22, d'ar 1<sup>añ</sup> a viz Even 1944.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">« <i>L'histoire de Bretagne, croyons-nous, est au programme des écoles, et obligatoirement les petits Bretons doivent apprendre que les Celtes ont subi plusieurs siècles de honte et d'esclavage, depuis le temps où les légions romaines débarquaient dans l'île de Bretagne jusqu'au temps où feu Marianne livrait notre pays à ses juifs</i> », <i>in</i> Pendaran, « Me a lenno dans les écoles », <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvor_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvor (journal) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Arvor</a></i> niverenn 81, 26 Gouhere 1942.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Er memes pennad evel <a href="/wiki/Loeiz_Herrieu" title="Loeiz Herrieu">Loeiz Herrieu</a> e kaver, «(…) <i>nous trouvons un exemple de ces revendications</i> (…) <i>que toute la Bretagne, à part la poignée d'enjuivés qui croient si naïvement pouvoir encore nous gouverner</i> (…) <i>nous construisons et nous agissons. Quelques-uns de nos ennemis s'en sont aperçus déjà à leurs dépens.</i>» <i>in</i> Pendaran, « Les petits ruisseaux… », <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvor_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvor (journal) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Arvor</a></i> niverenn 16, 20 Ebrel 1941.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ur c'hoari-gerioù war <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pons-Pilat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pons-Pilat (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Pons-Pilat</a>, ar marechal <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a> hag ar Yuzevion e Arvor, niverenn 155, p. 4, 9 Genver 1944.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<i>La Bretagne n'a qu'une langue : le breton. Le français n'est qu'une langue étrangère. Bien qu'il soit, et qu'il sera encore utilisé parmi nous, bannir le français est notre but. Tant qu'il restera un francisant dans notre pays, ce sera un de trop.</i>» <i>in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvor_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvor (journal) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Arvor</a></i>, niv. 74, 7 Even 1942.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gw. rakskrid kentañ (1931) <i>Eur Breizhad oc'h adkavout Breizh</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Je me déclare, me tenant sur le terrain strictement culturel qui est le nôtre, partisan d'une collaboration loyale avec les peuples qui façonnent sous mes yeux l'Europe Nouvelle lors d'une réunion publique de l'Institut celtique au théâtre municipal de Rennes", Ronan Calvez, <i>La Radio en Langue bretonne. Roparz Hemon et Pierre-Jakez Hélias : deux rêves de la Bretagne</i>, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2000, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronan Caerléon, <i>Complots pour une République bretonne: les dossiers secrets de l'autonomisme breton</i>, La Table ronde, 1967, 384 fajenn, p. 301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Skol Walarn, un tonkad hag un oberenn</i>, <a href="/wiki/Youenn_Olier" title="Youenn Olier">Youenn Olier</a>, pajenn 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Georges Cadiou, 2001, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geneviève Vermes, <i>Vingt-cinq communautés linguistiques de la France: Langues régionales et langues non territorialisées</i>, L'Harmattan, 1988, levrenn 1, 422 bajenn, p. 120 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/2858029083" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2858029083</a>)</small>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Il parvint environ trois mille dépositions en sa faveur, émanant des milieux culturels européens, des autres pays celtiques, aussi d'hommes politiques comme le ministre britannique <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Bevin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Bevin (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Ernest Bevin</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel Denis, <i>Mouvement breton et fascisme. Signification de l'échec du second Emsav</i>, aktoù ar gendael <i>Régions et régionalisme en France du XVIII<sup>e</sup> à nos jours</i>, PUF, <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>, hag a ra meneg eus ur pennad embannet er gelaouenn <i><a href="/wiki/Preder" title="Preder">Preder</a></i> e <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Diwezh ur prosez</i>, pennad e <a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADr_na_n%C3%93g_(kelaouenn)" title="Tír na nÓg (kelaouenn)">Tir na n-Og</a> ni. 1, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hervez Alan Heusaf « Graet e veze (e ti Roparz Hemon) war-dro ar gegin hag al liorzh gant ur Breizhad all, Anton ar Roue". Meneget e-barzh Eibhlín Ní Chatailriabhaigh & Malachy McKenna (renerezh), <i>Roparzh Hemon : Kounioù & hengoun lennegel ar brezhoneg…</i>, Dulenn, 1990, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Skol Walarn, Un tonkad hag un oberenn</i>, <a href="/wiki/Youenn_Olier" title="Youenn Olier">Youenn Olier</a>, Imbourc'h, 1995, pajennoù 14-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. Al levr brezhoneg-iwerzhoneg <i>Roparzh Hemon : Kounioù & hengoun lennegel ar brezhoneg</i> embannet e 1990 gant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhord_na_Gaeilge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhord na Gaeilge (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Bhord na Gaeilge</a> dindan renerezh Eibhlín Ní Chatailriabhaigh ha Malachy McKenna.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Niv. 310 <a href="/wiki/Imbourc%27h" title="Imbourc'h">Imbourc'h</a> p. 17-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Y. Olier, <i>Skol Walarn, levrenn 1. Roparz Hemon : un tonkad hag un oberenn’’, Imbourc'h, 1995.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Meurlarjez</i>, <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1s_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Frañs 3">Frañs 3</a>, 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Al laer avel</i>, <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1s_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Frañs 3">Frañs 3</a>, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Geriadur_brezhoneg_An_Here" title="Geriadur brezhoneg An Here">Geriadur brezhoneg An Here</a>, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gw. <i>Lennegezh ar brezhoneg en <a href="/wiki/XXvet_kantved" title="XXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a></i>, Levrenn 2 “Breiz atao hag ar re all el lennegezh (1919/1944)”, <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Favereau" title="Frañsez Favereau">Frañsez Favereau</a>, Skol Vreizh, 2003, pp. 289 – 290.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="alerte" id="style1" style="clear:both;padding:1em 0 0 0;"> <table border="0" width="100%" style="border:1px solid #c30;background-color:#ffc;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:4px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Brittany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Brittany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brittany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Brittany.svg/53px-Flag_of_Brittany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Brittany.svg/70px-Flag_of_Brittany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td width="100%"><b><a href="/wiki/Porched:Breizh" title="Porched:Breizh">Porched Breizh</a></b> – Adkavit pennadoù ha rummadoù Wikipedia a denn da Vreizh. </td></tr></tbody></table> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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