CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Northern Catalonia - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"486c5451-c0f5-4818-a6c6-dd9a30fe3d3a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Northern_Catalonia","wgTitle":"Northern Catalonia","wgCurRevisionId":1252749561,"wgRevisionId":1252749561,"wgArticleId":2579686,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Catalan-language text","Pages with Catalan IPA","Articles containing French-language text","Pages with French IPA","Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text","Articles containing Spanish-language text","CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Use dmy dates from February 2022","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata", "Articles needing additional references from March 2021","All articles needing additional references","Webarchive template wayback links","Coordinates on Wikidata","Northern Catalonia","Principality of Catalonia","Geography of Pyrénées-Orientales","Catalan Countries"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Northern_Catalonia","wgRelevantArticleId":2579686,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false, "wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":42.63333333333333,"lon":2.6666666666666665},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q15580","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles": "ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1108"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="738"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png/640px-Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="591"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Northern Catalonia - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Catalonia"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Catalonia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Northern_Catalonia rootpage-Northern_Catalonia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Northern+Catalonia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Northern+Catalonia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Northern+Catalonia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Northern+Catalonia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cerdagne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cerdagne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Cerdagne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cerdagne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Administrative history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Carolingian_counties_and_the_County_of_Barcelona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carolingian_counties_and_the_County_of_Barcelona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Carolingian counties and the County of Barcelona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carolingian_counties_and_the_County_of_Barcelona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principality_of_Catalonia_and_the_Monarchy_of_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principality_of_Catalonia_and_the_Monarchy_of_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Principality of Catalonia and the Monarchy of Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principality_of_Catalonia_and_the_Monarchy_of_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees_and_cession_to_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees_and_cession_to_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>After the Treaty of the Pyrenees and cession to France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees_and_cession_to_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Present day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Language_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Language and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Language_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prominence_of_Catalan_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prominence_of_Catalan_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Prominence of Catalan heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prominence_of_Catalan_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suppression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suppression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Suppression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suppression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Leisure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Essays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Miscellaneous sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Catalonia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كتالونيا الشمالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتالونيا الشمالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya_d%27o_Norte" title="Catalunya d'o Norte – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Catalunya d'o Norte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogne_de_Bise" title="Catalogne de Bise – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Catalogne de Bise" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Паўночная Каталонія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўночная Каталонія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia_an_Norzh" title="Katalonia an Norzh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Katalonia an Norzh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya_del_Nord" title="Catalunya del Nord – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catalunya del Nord" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Katal%C3%A1nsko" title="Severní Katalánsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severní Katalánsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gogledd_Catalwnia" title="Gogledd Catalwnia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gogledd Catalwnia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkatalonien" title="Nordkatalonien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nordkatalonien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βόρεια Καταλονία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόρεια Καταλονία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a_del_Norte" title="Cataluña del Norte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cataluña del Norte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Katalunio" title="Nord-Katalunio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nord-Katalunio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipar_Katalunia" title="Ipar Katalunia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ipar Katalunia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کاتالونیای شمالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاتالونیای شمالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogne_nord" title="Catalogne nord – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catalogne nord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chataloan_Hwoaie" title="Yn Chataloan Hwoaie – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chataloan Hwoaie" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a_do_Norte" title="Cataluña do Norte – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cataluña do Norte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EC%B9%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A3%A8%EB%83%90" title="북카탈루냐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="북카탈루냐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Katalonija" title="Sjeverna Katalonija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjeverna Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia_Utara" title="Katalonia Utara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katalonia Utara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogna_del_Nord" title="Catalogna del Nord – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catalogna del Nord" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogna_del_Nord" title="Catalogna del Nord – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Catalogna del Nord" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89szak-Katal%C3%B3nia" title="Észak-Katalónia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észak-Katalónia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Catalonia" title="Nord-Catalonia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nord-Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonha_N%C3%B2rd" title="Catalonha Nòrd – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Catalonha Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna" title="Katalonia Północna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katalonia Północna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Северная Каталония – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Северная Каталония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogna_Nord" title="Catalogna Nord – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Catalogna Nord" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="Northern Catalonia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Northern Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="باکووری کەتەلۆنیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="باکووری کەتەلۆنیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Північна Каталонія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північна Каталонія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonyay_Z%C4%B1mey" title="Katalonyay Zımey – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Katalonyay Zımey" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="北加泰罗尼亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="北加泰罗尼亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15580#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Northern_Catalonia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Northern_Catalonia" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Northern_Catalonia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&oldid=1252749561" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Northern_Catalonia&id=1252749561&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNorthern_Catalonia"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNorthern_Catalonia"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Northern_Catalonia&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Northern_Catalonia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15580" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northern_Catalonia&params=42_38_N_2_40_E_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-cawiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°38′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°40′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.633°N 2.667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.633; 2.667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Catalan-speaking and Catalan-culture territory ceded to France by Spain (1659)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Northern_Catalonia" title="Special:EditPage/Northern Catalonia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Northern+Catalonia%22">"Northern Catalonia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Northern+Catalonia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Northern+Catalonia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Northern+Catalonia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Northern+Catalonia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Northern+Catalonia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist" style="width: 22em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="line-height:1.2; font-size:140%;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a></span> <span class="nowrap">cultural domain</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png/140px-Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png/210px-Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png/280px-Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales-Position.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales-Position.png/140px-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales-Position.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales-Position.png 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Northern Catalonia with respect to Catalonia, Spain (left); Northern Catalonia within France (right)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra" title="History of Andorra">History of Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Aragon">History of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Balearic_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Balearic Islands">History of the Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catalonia" title="History of Catalonia">History of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Roussillon" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Roussillon">History of Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sardinia" title="History of Sardinia">History of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Valencian_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Valencian Community">History of Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Kingdom of Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Kingdom of Valencia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_constitutions" title="Catalan constitutions">Catalan constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furs_of_Valencia" title="Furs of Valencia">Furs of Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Treaty of the Pyrenees">Treaty of the Pyrenees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Planta_decrees" title="Nueva Planta decrees">Nueva Planta decrees</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Andorran people">Andorrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_people" title="Aragonese people">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic people">Balearics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibizan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibizan people">Ibizans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorcan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorcan people">Majorcans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorcan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorcan people">Minorcans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_people" title="Sardinian people">Sardinians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alguerese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Alguerese people">Alguerese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencian people">Valencians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Language</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catalan" title="History of Catalan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_literature" title="Catalan literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_dialects" title="Catalan dialects">Dialects and varieties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_grammar" title="Catalan grammar">Grammar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_phonology" title="Catalan phonology">Pronunciation</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Phonological_history_of_Catalan" title="Phonological history of Catalan">Phonetic history</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">IPA guide</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_spelling-to-sound_correspondences_in_Catalan" title="Lists of spelling-to-sound correspondences in Catalan">Spelling-to-sound charts</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography">Orthography</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Catalan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan alphabet">Alphabet</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Braille</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_morphology" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan morphology">Morpho-</a><a href="/wiki/Catalan_syntax" title="Catalan syntax">syntax</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Catalan_nouns" title="Catalan nouns">Nouns</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Catalan_personal_pronouns" title="Catalan personal pronouns">Personal pronouns</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Catalan_verbs" title="Catalan verbs">Verbs</a></small> (<small><a href="/wiki/Catalan_conjugation" title="Catalan conjugation">Conjugation</a></small>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Valenciana_de_la_Llengua" title="Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua">Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua</a></i> (AVL)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Catalan_Studies" title="Institute for Catalan Studies">Institut d'Estudis Catalans</a></i> (IEC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Institut_Ramon_Llull" title="Institut Ramon Llull">Institut</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Ramon_Llull" title="Fundació Ramon Llull">Fundació Ramon Llull</a></i> (IRL & FRL)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Geo-political divisions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_Franja" title="La Franja">La Franja</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Minorca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carche" title="Carche">El Carxe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northern Catalonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alghero" title="Alghero">L'Alguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencia</a> <br /> <i>See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Countries" title="Catalan Countries">Catalan Countries</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Government and politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="General Council of Andorra">General Council of Andorra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Andorra" title="Politics of Andorra">Politics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Aragon" title="Cortes of Aragon">Courts of Aragon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Aragon">Politics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Government of the Balearic Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Balearic_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Balearic Islands">Politics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalunya" title="Generalitat de Catalunya">Generalitat of Catalonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Catalonia" title="Politics of Catalonia">Politics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Departmental Council of Pyrénées-Orientales">General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Pyrénées-Orientales">Politics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalitat_Valenciana" title="Generalitat Valenciana">Generalitat of Valencia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Valencian_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Valencian Community">Politics</a>) <br /> <i>See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valencian_nationalism" title="Valencian nationalism">Valencian nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalanophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalanophobia">Catalanophobia</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Traditions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_myths_and_legends" title="Catalan myths and legends">Myths and legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Catalonia" title="Traditions of Catalonia">Traditions</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caganer" title="Caganer">Caganer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Castell" title="Castell">Castells</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Correfoc" title="Correfoc">Correfoc</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falles" class="mw-redirect" title="Falles">Falles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bonfires_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonfires of Saint John">Fogueres de Sant Joan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gigantes_y_cabezudos" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigantes y cabezudos">Gegants i capgrossos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moros_y_cristianos" title="Moros y cristianos">Moros i cristians</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muixeranga" title="Muixeranga">Muixeranga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Day#Spain" title="Saint George's Day">Saint George's Day</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sardana" title="Sardana">Sardana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%B3_de_Nadal" title="Tió de Nadal">Tió de Nadal</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Cuisine</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan cuisine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coca_(pastry)" title="Coca (pastry)">Coca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ensa%C3%AFmada" title="Ensaïmada">Ensaïmada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pa_amb_tom%C3%A0quet" title="Pa amb tomàquet">Pa amb tomàquet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paella" title="Paella">Paella</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Art</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_art" title="Catalan art">Catalan art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Antoni Gaudí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_T%C3%A0pies" title="Antoni Tàpies">Antoni Tàpies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Sorolla" title="Joaquín Sorolla">Joaquim Sorolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_literature" title="Catalan literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Age of Valencia">Segle d'or</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Decad%C3%A8ncia" title="La Decadència">Decadència</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Renaixen%C3%A7a" title="Renaixença">Renaixença</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Music and performing arts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan music">Music</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_can%C3%A7%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova cançó">Nova cançó</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rock_catal%C3%A0" title="Rock català">Rock català</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Rumba catalana</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Sport</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Catalonia" title="Sport in Catalonia">Sport in Catalonia</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Symbols</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Catalonia" title="National symbols of Catalonia">National symbols of Catalonia</a></li> <li>Flags <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Andorra" title="Flag of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands" title="Flag of the Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senyera" title="Senyera">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community" title="Flag of the Valencian Community">Valencia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coats of Arms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Andorra" title="Coat of arms of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Balearic_Islands" title="Coat of arms of Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Crown_of_Aragon" title="Coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Valencian_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Valencian Community">Valencia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anthems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Gran_Carlemany" class="mw-redirect" title="El Gran Carlemany">El Gran Carlemany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Els_Segadors" title="Els Segadors">Els Segadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Balanguera" title="La Balanguera">La Balanguera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himne_de_l%27Exposici%C3%B3" title="Himne de l'Exposició">Himne de l'Exposició</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catalan/Valencian_cultural_domain" title="Template:Catalan/Valencian cultural domain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catalan/Valencian_cultural_domain" title="Template talk:Catalan/Valencian cultural domain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catalan/Valencian_cultural_domain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catalan/Valencian cultural domain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Northern Catalonia</b>, <b>North Catalonia</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>French Catalonia</b> is the formerly <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>-speaking and cultural territory ceded to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> through the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Treaty of the Pyrenees">Treaty of the Pyrenees</a> in 1659 in exchange of France's effective renunciation on the formal protection that it had given to the recently founded <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Republic_(1640%E2%80%931641)" title="Catalan Republic (1640–1641)">Catalan Republic</a>. The area corresponds roughly to the modern French <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" class="mw-redirect" title="Département">département</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> which were historically part of Catalonia since the old <a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">County of Barcelona</a>, and lasted during the times of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a> until they were given to France by Spain. </p><p>The equivalent term in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <i>Catalogne du Nord</i>, is used nowadays, although less often than the more politically neutral <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a> (Catalan: <a href="/wiki/Rossell%C3%B3_(comarca)" title="Rosselló (comarca)">Rosselló</a>); Roussillon, though, historically did not comprise <a href="/wiki/Vallespir" title="Vallespir">Vallespir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conflent" title="Conflent">Conflent</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Cerdagne" title="French Cerdagne">Cerdagne</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Cerdanya" title="Cerdanya">Cerdanya</a></i>). The term <i>Pays Catalan</i> (<i>País Català</i>), "Catalan Country" is sometimes used. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canig%C3%B3.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Canig%C3%B3.jpeg/220px-Canig%C3%B3.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Canig%C3%B3.jpeg/330px-Canig%C3%B3.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Canig%C3%B3.jpeg/440px-Canig%C3%B3.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Canigou" title="Canigou">Canigou</a> (2785 m) seen from near Perpignan: the massif is roughly 60 km (37 mi) from the point where the photograph was taken</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Northern Catalonia</i> forms a triangle between the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Corbi%C3%A8res_Massif" title="Corbières Massif">Corbières Massif</a> to the north-west and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> to the east. The Roussillon plain in the east, by far the most populated area, is formed by the <a href="/wiki/Flood_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood plain">flood plains</a> of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Tech_(river)" title="Tech (river)">Tech</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAt_(river)" title="Têt (river)">Têt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agly" title="Agly">Agly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">Tec, Tet, Aglí</i>). The districts of <a href="/wiki/Vallespir" title="Vallespir">Vallespir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conflent" title="Conflent">Conflent</a> cover the upper valleys of the Tech and the Têt respectively. The massif of the <a href="/wiki/Canigou" title="Canigou">Canigou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">Canigó</i>), 2785 m, dominates much of the territory. </p><p>The climate is of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean type</a>, with hot, dry summers and winters which are relatively mild, at least on the Roussillon plain where snow is rare. </p><p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">Perpinyà</i>) accounts for over a quarter of the population, over one-third of its urban area is taken into account, and is the only major administrative and service center. Major road and rail links run north–south through Northern Catalonia between France and Spain, while a railway line also links Perpignan to <a href="/wiki/Latour-de-Carol" title="Latour-de-Carol">Latour-de-Carol</a> (Catalan: <i>La Tor de Querol</i>) via <a href="/wiki/Prades,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales">Prades</a> (Catalan: <i>Prada de Conflent or Prada</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cerdagne">Cerdagne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cerdagne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Haute-Cerdagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Haute-Cerdagne">Haute-Cerdagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">Alta Cerdanya</i>) is geographically distinct from the rest of Northern Catalonia, lying to the south of the Pyrenean <a href="/wiki/Water_divide" class="mw-redirect" title="Water divide">watershed</a> in the upper valley of the <a href="/wiki/Segre_(river)" title="Segre (river)">Segre</a>. It is a mountainous and sparsely-populated district, and includes the town of <a href="/wiki/Ll%C3%ADvia" title="Llívia">Llívia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">pop.</a> 1252 <small>(2005)</small>) which is an <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclave</a> of Spain. </p><p>The district lies on the most direct route between <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Tolosa de Lengadoc</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Foix" title="Foix">Foix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ripoll" title="Ripoll">Ripoll</a>), and a railway line still links the two cities via <a href="/wiki/Latour-de-Carol" title="Latour-de-Carol">Latour-de-Carol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">La Tor de Querol</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administrative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carolingian_counties_and_the_County_of_Barcelona">Carolingian counties and the County of Barcelona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Carolingian counties and the County of Barcelona"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/County_of_Cerdanya" title="County of Cerdanya">County of Cerdanya</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Roussillon" title="County of Roussillon">County of Roussillon</a></div> <p>Northern Catalonia formed part of the southern counties of the Frankinsh Empire (historiographycally known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Marca_Hispanica" class="mw-redirect" title="Marca Hispanica">Marca Hispanica</a></i>), established by <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> as a buffer territory against <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> forces. As such, it was divided into feudal counties, <a href="/wiki/Rossell%C3%B3_(comarca)" title="Rosselló (comarca)">Rosselló</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallespir" title="Vallespir">Vallespir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conflent" title="Conflent">Conflent</a> north of the Pyrenees and <a href="/wiki/Cerdanya" title="Cerdanya">Cerdanya</a> to the south. By the end of the ninth century, these counties had gained <i>de facto</i> independence from the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a> kings and operated as princely states (whose rulers nevertheless retained the title of count). </p><p>As the seigneury of the counties became hereditary, the total number of Catalan counts fell steadily. One individual often had the charge of several counties, but these were not always transmitted based on <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>. Hence Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir%C3%B3_II_the_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miró II the Young (page does not exist)">Miró II the Young</a>, third son of <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_I_the_Hairy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilfred I the Hairy">Wilfred I the Hairy</a>, inherited the counties of Cerdanya and Conflent from his father in 897, and the counties of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Besal%C3%BA" title="County of Besalú">Besalú</a> and Vallespir from his elder brother <a href="/wiki/Sunyer_I,_Count_of_Emp%C3%BAries" title="Sunyer I, Count of Empúries">Sunyer I</a> when the latter became <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Barcelona" title="Count of Barcelona">Count of Barcelona</a> in 911. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Rossell%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Rosselló">Counts of Rosselló</a>, in alliance with their cousins the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Empuri%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Empuriés">Counts of Empuriés</a>, tried to resist this dilution of their power. However, the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Barcelona" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Barcelona">Counts of Barcelona</a> steadily gained suzerainty over the other Catalan counts, a process that was virtually complete by the twelfth century. The last Count of Rosselló, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Girard_II_of_Rossell%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girard II of Rosselló (page does not exist)">Girard II</a>, left his title to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> on his death in 1172 to prevent the territory passing to his illegitimate half-brothers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principality_of_Catalonia_and_the_Monarchy_of_Spain">Principality of Catalonia and the Monarchy of Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Principality of Catalonia and the Monarchy of Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royal administration in the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> was organized based on <i><a href="/wiki/Vegueria" title="Vegueria">vegueries</a></i>, under the charge of a <i>veguer</i> appointed by the King of Aragon as Count of Barcelona. In Northern Catalonia, the <i>vegueries</i> followed closely the boundaries of the old counties. The district of <a href="/wiki/Capcir" title="Capcir">Capcir</a> was a <i>sotsvegueria</i>, based around the castle of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puigbalador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puigbalador (page does not exist)">Puigbalador</a> (French: <i>Puyvalador</i>) but subordinate to the <i>vegueria</i> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conflent_(vegueria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conflent (vegueria) (page does not exist)">Conflent</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Corbeil_(1258)" title="Treaty of Corbeil (1258)">Treaty of Corbeil (1258)</a> confirmed the frontier between the lands of the Kingdom of France and the Crown of Aragon as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerb%C3%A8res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerbères (page does not exist)">Cerbères</a>, leaving the <a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitan</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Fenolheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenolheda">Fenolheda</a> to France. </p><p>On the death of King <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I the Conqueror</a> in 1276, Northern Catalonia was combined with the <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic Isles">Balearic Isles</a> to form a new <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Kingdom of Majorca</a>, which passed to <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Majorca" title="James II of Majorca">James II</a> while the rest of the territory of the Crown of Aragon passed to his brother <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" title="Peter III of Aragon">Peter III</a>. This division satisfied neither branch of the family, and the Kingdom of Majorca was retaken militarily by the Crown of Aragon in 1344, reintegrating the counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya into the Principality of Catalonia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees_and_cession_to_France">After the Treaty of the Pyrenees and cession to France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: After the Treaty of the Pyrenees and cession to France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catalonia2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Catalonia2.png/250px-Catalonia2.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Catalonia2.png/375px-Catalonia2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Catalonia2.png/500px-Catalonia2.png 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Treaty of the Pyrenees">Treaty of the Pyrenees</a> of 1659 ceded Northern Catalonia to France, where it became the province of <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a>. The French provinces were abolished at the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a> (Law of 1789-12-22), and Roussillon was joined with the district of <a href="/wiki/Fenouill%C3%A8des" title="Fenouillèdes">Fenouillèdes</a> (Occitan: <i>Fenolheda</i>) to form the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Département in France"><i>département</i></a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Perpiny%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpinyà">Perpinyà</a></i>) as its administrative centre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present_day">Present day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></div> <p>The <i>département</i> of the Pyrénées-Orientales is divided into the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrondissement in France"><i>arrondissements</i></a> of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ret" title="Céret">Céret</a> (Catalan: <i><a href="/wiki/Ceret" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceret">Ceret</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Perpiny%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpinyà">Perpinyà</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Prades" title="Arrondissement of Prades">Prades</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Prada_de_Conflent" class="mw-redirect" title="Prada de Conflent">Prada de Conflent</a></i>), which are further divided into <a href="/wiki/Canton_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton in France">cantons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commune_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Commune in France">communes</a>. Perpignan and sixteen surrounding communes are also associated in the <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration" class="mw-redirect" title="Communauté d'agglomération">Communauté d'agglomération</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%AAt_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Têt Méditerranée (page does not exist)">Têt Méditerranée</a>, created in 2001. Enclaved in the southwest of the <i>département</i> there is the Spanish (<a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>) exclave of <a href="/wiki/Ll%C3%ADvia" title="Llívia">Llívia</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comarques_de_la_Catalunya_Nord.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Comarques_de_la_Catalunya_Nord.svg/250px-Comarques_de_la_Catalunya_Nord.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Comarques_de_la_Catalunya_Nord.svg/375px-Comarques_de_la_Catalunya_Nord.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Comarques_de_la_Catalunya_Nord.svg/500px-Comarques_de_la_Catalunya_Nord.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>The territory of the Pyrénées-Orientales divided into "<a href="/wiki/Comarques_of_Catalonia" title="Comarques of Catalonia"><i>comarques</i></a>" according to Joan Becat (<i>Atles de Catalunya Nord</i>, 1977).</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrondissement in France"><i>Arrondissement</i></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Canton_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton in France">Cantons</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Commune_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Commune in France">Communes</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">Population</a> <small>(1999)</small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Area</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Population<br />density</a> <small>(1999)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_C%C3%A9ret" title="Arrondissement of Céret">Céret</a> (Ceret) </td> <td>5 </td> <td>40 </td> <td>66,624 </td> <td>954 km<sup>2</sup> </td> <td>69.8 /km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Perpignan" title="Arrondissement of Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (Perpinyà) </td> <td>20 </td> <td>86 </td> <td>287,272 </td> <td>1317 km<sup>2</sup> </td> <td>218 /km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Prades" title="Arrondissement of Prades">Prades</a> (Prada) </td> <td>6 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>38,907 </td> <td>1845 km<sup>2</sup> </td> <td>21.1 /km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>TOTAL </th> <th>31 </th> <th>226 </th> <th>392,803 </th> <th>4116 km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th>95.4 /km<sup>2</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><small>All figures include the district of <a href="/wiki/Fenouill%C3%A8des" title="Fenouillèdes">Fenouillèdes</a>.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As is common, the present-day <i>arrondissements</i> do not correspond to pre-<a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolutionary</a> boundaries. The <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Prades" title="Arrondissement of Prades">arrondissement of Prades</a> (<i>Prada</i>) covers the whole of <a href="/wiki/Haute-Cerdagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Haute-Cerdagne">Haute-Cerdagne</a> (<i>Alta Cerdanya</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Conflent" title="Conflent">Conflent</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Capcir" title="Capcir">Capcir</a>), as well as about a third of <a href="/wiki/Fenolheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenolheda">Fenolheda</a> (not part of the province of Roussillon). The <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_C%C3%A9ret" title="Arrondissement of Céret">arrondissement of Céret</a> covers the whole of <a href="/wiki/Vallespir" title="Vallespir">Vallespir</a> but also the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_Vermeille" title="Côte Vermeille">Côte Vermeille</a> (<i>Costa Vermella</i>), which was historically under the control of the counts and <i>veguers</i> of Rosselló at <a href="/wiki/Perpiny%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpinyà">Perpinyà</a> (Perpignan). </p><p>Catalan writers sometimes speak of the <i>"<a href="/wiki/Comarques_of_Catalonia" title="Comarques of Catalonia">comarques</a> of Northern Catalonia"</i>. Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Catalonia_(autonomous_community)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalonia (autonomous community)">autonomous community of Catalonia</a>, these <i>comarques</i> have no administrative significance, although they usually correspond to a certain historical and geographical unity. A commonly used division is that of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Becat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Becat (page does not exist)">Joan Becat</a> in his 1977 work <i>Atles de Catalunya Nord</i>, which follows closely the boundaries of the former <i>vegueries</i> except insofar as it promotes the former <i>sotsvegueria</i> of <a href="/wiki/Capcir" title="Capcir">Capcir</a> (177 km<sup>2</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">pop.</a> 1532 <small>(1990)</small>) to a full <i>comarca</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region is divided among those who support a union with France and those who support reuniting with <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>. A large majority of Northern Catalans oppose reuniting with Catalonia, but the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Unity" title="Catalan Unity">Catalan Unity</a> political party promotes the idea. The party has had some success since 1993, winning seats in <a href="/wiki/Municipal_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal elections">municipal elections</a>. It is now the most popular Catalan nationalist party in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-as_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-as-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hd_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Northern Catalans are proud of their Catalan heritage and have developed a "Northern Catalan" identity. However, unlike their Southern neighbors in Spanish Catalonia, the Catalan identity is not a nationalist movement in French Catalonia. According to a 2020 study, French Catalans experienced mass education in the second half of the 19th century, leading them to adopt French patriotism. Catalans in Spain were mass educated in the early 20th century locally by Catalans and not by a strong Spanish state, which led to the formation of a salient Catalan national identity.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Northern Catalonia was merged with other areas of <a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitania</a> to form a new French region. This has led to fears that the <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan language and culture</a> will be given precedence over the Catalan language and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-as_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-as-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2017, <a href="/wiki/Express.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Express.co.uk">Express.co.uk</a> reported that 2000 people took part in a protest in Perpignan, in order to get the French government to hold a referendum on Northern Catalonia reuniting with Southern Catalonia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Northern Catalans helped print <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballot_slip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballot slip (page does not exist)">ballot slips</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2017_Catalan_independence_referendum" title="2017 Catalan independence referendum">2017 Catalan independence referendum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_and_culture">Language and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Language and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Extensi%C3%B3_del_catal%C3%A0_als_Pirineus_Orientals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Extensi%C3%B3_del_catal%C3%A0_als_Pirineus_Orientals.svg/250px-Extensi%C3%B3_del_catal%C3%A0_als_Pirineus_Orientals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Extensi%C3%B3_del_catal%C3%A0_als_Pirineus_Orientals.svg/375px-Extensi%C3%B3_del_catal%C3%A0_als_Pirineus_Orientals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Extensi%C3%B3_del_catal%C3%A0_als_Pirineus_Orientals.svg/500px-Extensi%C3%B3_del_catal%C3%A0_als_Pirineus_Orientals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>Extent of traditionally Catalan speaking municipalities in <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prominence_of_Catalan_heritage">Prominence of Catalan heritage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prominence of Catalan heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Language">Language</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catalan is spoken in all regions of Northern Catalonia except for <a href="/wiki/Fenolleda" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenolleda">Fenolleda</a> which speaks the related (and mutually intelligible) <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hd_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a>, where a quarter of the population lives, 44% know the Catalan language.<sup id="cite_ref-hd_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Culture">Culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Catalan folk dance <a href="/wiki/Sardana" title="Sardana">Sardana</a> is a dance in the region. Northern Catalans support the <a href="/wiki/USA_Perpignan" title="USA Perpignan">USAP</a> rugby union team and the <a href="/wiki/Catalans_Dragons" title="Catalans Dragons">Catalans Dragons</a> rugby league team.<sup id="cite_ref-hd_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are four <a href="/wiki/Castell" title="Castell">castells</a> (Catalan human towers) teams in Northern Catalonia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognition">Recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> in France as a whole, and therefore of these municipalities. <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, in its <a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalan" title="Northern Catalan">Northern Catalan</a> variety, is however recognized as a regional language by the region of <a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon">Languedoc-Roussillon</a> which contains Northern Catalunya; this recognition provides cultural support in education and public media, with some more regional power since the laws of regionalization of France during the 1980s. The language is estimated to be spoken by 34% of the population of Northern Catalonia,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but understood by 65%. </p><p>On 10 December 2007, the <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" class="mw-redirect" title="General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales">General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales</a> proclaimed Catalan as one of the languages of the department, alongside French and <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> (in Fenouillèdes),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 'Charter in Support of Catalan' was adopted which called for the inclusion of the Catalan language on signs and its use in material produced by the administrative department.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suppression">Suppression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Suppression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1700, the government of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> prohibited the use of the Catalan language in official documents,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the government only irregularly enforced the edict throughout the eighteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Perpignan Catalan was also prohibited from being used by priests during <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jstor_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1700 all <a href="/wiki/Public_acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Public acts">public acts</a> had to be written in French, from 1738 this was extended to include registers of births, marriages and deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-jstor_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s, after centuries of being forbidden in education, the Catalan language was permitted to be studied for one hour per week in secondary school. In the 1970s, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrels_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrels Association (page does not exist)">Arrels Association</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Bressola" title="La Bressola">la Bressola</a> network of private schools started to offer complete bilingual French/Catalan classes from nursery up to secondary education.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leisure">Leisure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Leisure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North Catalonia is one of just two regions in France where <a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Spanish-suited playing cards</a> are used.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region has its own <a href="/wiki/French_Catalan_pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="French Catalan pattern">French Catalan pattern</a> cards which are used to play local games like a variant of Spanish <a href="/wiki/Truc" title="Truc">Truc</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/32px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/48px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/64px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Andorra" title="Portal:Andorra">Andorra portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albera_Massif" title="Albera Massif">Albera Massif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_France" title="Language policy in France">Language policy in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Catalonia" title="Sport in Catalonia">Sport in Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Roussillon" title="County of Roussillon">County of Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Basque_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Basque Country">Northern Basque Country</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">Catalunya (del) Nord</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ca-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[kətəˈluɲə<span class="wrap"> </span>(ðəl)<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈnɔɾt]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Catalogne (du) Nord</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[katalɔɲ<span class="wrap"> </span>(dy)<span class="wrap"> </span>nɔʁ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Catalonha (del) Nòrd</i>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Cataluña (del) Norte</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The other being the region of <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> where <a href="/wiki/Aluette" title="Aluette">Aluette</a> cards are used to play the eponymous game.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-as-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-as_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-as_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNoble2017" class="citation web cs1">Noble, Ainslie (21 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atlanticsentinel.com/2017/11/independence-sentiment-aroused-in-french-catalonia/">"Independence Sentiment Aroused in French Catalonia"</a>. <i>Atlantic Sentinel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Independence+Sentiment+Aroused+in+French+Catalonia&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=Ainslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatlanticsentinel.com%2F2017%2F11%2Findependence-sentiment-aroused-in-french-catalonia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hd-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hd_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hd_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hd_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hd_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBufferyMarcer2011" class="citation book cs1">Buffery, Helena; Marcer, Elisenda (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ssQhIHb-gx8C&q=unitat+catalana&pg=PA113"><i>Historical Dictionary of the Catalans</i></a>. Volume 10 of Historical Dictionaries of Peoples and Cultures. The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810875142" title="Special:BookSources/9780810875142"><bdi>9780810875142</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Catalans&rft.series=Volume+10+of+Historical+Dictionaries+of+Peoples+and+Cultures&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780810875142&rft.aulast=Buffery&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft.au=Marcer%2C+Elisenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DssQhIHb-gx8C%26q%3Dunitat%2Bcatalana%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalcells2013" class="citation journal cs1">Balcells, Laia (2013). "Mass Schooling and Catalan Nationalism". <i>Nationalism and Ethnic Politics</i>. <b>19</b> (4): 467–486. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13537113.2013.847602">10.1080/13537113.2013.847602</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143653041">143653041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nationalism+and+Ethnic+Politics&rft.atitle=Mass+Schooling+and+Catalan+Nationalism&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=467-486&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13537113.2013.847602&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143653041%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Balcells&rft.aufirst=Laia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2017" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Oli (6 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/875662/French-Northern-Catalonia-independence-Macron-thousands-protest">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'French Catalonia' independence Stuns Macron: Thousands Demand to Join Catalan State"</a>. <i>Express</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Express&rft.atitle=%27French+Catalonia%27+independence+Stuns+Macron%3A+Thousands+Demand+to+Join+Catalan+State&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Oli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F875662%2FFrench-Northern-Catalonia-independence-Macron-thousands-protest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2017/10/05/how-the-french-helped-catalonia-hold-its-controversial-independence-vote">"How the French Helped Catalonia Hold Its Controversial Independence Vote"</a>. <i>Euronews</i>. 5 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=How+the+French+Helped+Catalonia+Hold+Its+Controversial+Independence+Vote&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2017%2F10%2F05%2Fhow-the-french-helped-catalonia-hold-its-controversial-independence-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmilla2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Armilla, Jordina (30 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revistacastells.cat/2015/06/esclat-casteller-a-la-catalunya-nord/">"Esclat casteller a la Catalunya Nord"</a>. <i>Revista Castells</i> (in Catalan)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Castells&rft.atitle=Esclat+casteller+a+la+Catalunya+Nord&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft.aulast=Armilla&rft.aufirst=Jordina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistacastells.cat%2F2015%2F06%2Fesclat-casteller-a-la-catalunya-nord%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVila_i_Moreno2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vila i Moreno, F. Xavier (10 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929091927/http://www.iecat.net/CRUSCAT/documents/coneixementiusos/index.htm">"El coneixement del català"</a>. <i>Xarxa CRUSCAT</i> (in Catalan). <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Catalan_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Catalan Studies">Institute of Catalan Studies</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iecat.net/CRUSCAT/documents/coneixementiusos/index.htm">the original</a> on 29 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xarxa+CRUSCAT&rft.atitle=El+coneixement+del+catal%C3%A0&rft.date=2004-11-10&rft.aulast=Vila+i+Moreno&rft.aufirst=F.+Xavier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iecat.net%2FCRUSCAT%2Fdocuments%2Fconeixementiusos%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Council_of_the_Pyrénées-Orientales" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" class="mw-redirect" title="General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales">General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121222154353/http://www.cg66.fr/202-charte-en-faveur-du-catalan.htm">"Charte en faveur du Catalan"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cg66.fr/202-charte-en-faveur-du-catalan.htm">the original</a> on 22 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charte+en+faveur+du+Catalan&rft.au=General+Council+of+the+Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cg66.fr%2F202-charte-en-faveur-du-catalan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTufiBlackwood2015" class="citation book cs1">Tufi, Stefania; Blackwood, Robert J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SGmkCgAAQBAJ&q=northern+catalonia+culture&pg=PA91"><i>The Linguistic Landscape of the Mediterranean: French and Italian Coastal Cities</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-31456-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-31456-7"><bdi>978-1-137-31456-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Linguistic+Landscape+of+the+Mediterranean%3A+French+and+Italian+Coastal+Cities&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-137-31456-7&rft.aulast=Tufi&rft.aufirst=Stefania&rft.au=Blackwood%2C+Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSGmkCgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dnorthern%2Bcatalonia%2Bculture%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_XIV1700" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> (2 April 1700). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214055235/http://crdp-montpellier.fr/cd66/artscult/fichesVauban/cdvauban/PERIODES/moyenagetempsmodernes/chateaucollioureinterdictioncatalan.pdf">"L'interdiction de la langue catalane en Roussillon"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crdp-montpellier.fr/cd66/artscult/fichesVauban/cdvauban/PERIODES/moyenagetempsmodernes/chateaucollioureinterdictioncatalan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27interdiction+de+la+langue+catalane+en+Roussillon&rft.date=1700-04-02&rft.au=Louis+XIV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crdp-montpellier.fr%2Fcd66%2Fartscult%2FfichesVauban%2Fcdvauban%2FPERIODES%2Fmoyenagetempsmodernes%2Fchateaucollioureinterdictioncatalan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart1997" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, David (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7B4umSpJmioC&q=Roussillonnais+justified+resistance+assimilation+grounds+preserving+cultural+linguistic+heritage&pg=PA76"><i>Assimilation and Acculturation in Seventeenth-Century Europe: Roussillon and France, 1659-1715</i></a>. Contributions to the Study of World History, No. 57. Greenwood Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-30045-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-30045-3"><bdi>0-313-30045-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assimilation+and+Acculturation+in+Seventeenth-Century+Europe%3A+Roussillon+and+France%2C+1659-1715&rft.series=Contributions+to+the+Study+of+World+History%2C+No.+57&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-313-30045-3&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7B4umSpJmioC%26q%3DRoussillonnais%2Bjustified%2Bresistance%2Bassimilation%2Bgrounds%2Bpreserving%2Bcultural%2Blinguistic%2Bheritage%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jstor-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jstor_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jstor_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPhee1980" class="citation journal cs1">McPhee, Peter (1980). "A Case-Study of Internal Colonization: The Francisation of Northern Catalonia". <i>Review (Fernand Braudel Center)</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 398–428. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40240842">40240842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+%28Fernand+Braudel+Center%29&rft.atitle=A+Case-Study+of+Internal+Colonization%3A+The+Francisation+of+Northern+Catalonia&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=398-428&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40240842%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=McPhee&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100806233026/http://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/web/document/catala/an/i5/i5.html">"Catalan in France"</a>. Institut de Sociolingüística Catalana. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/web/document/catala/an/i5/i5.html">the original</a> on 6 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalan+in+France&rft.pub=Institut+de+Socioling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica+Catalana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uoc.edu%2Feuromosaic%2Fweb%2Fdocument%2Fcatala%2Fan%2Fi5%2Fi5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Catalonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grec.net/cgibin/hecangcl.pgm?NDCHEC=0016496">"Catalunya del Nord"</a> from the <i>Enciclopèdia catalana</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821085708/http://www.flaixfm.fr/">Flaix FM</a> radio station</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arrels.net/">Ràdio Arrels</a> radio station</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalunyainformacio.cat/">Catalunya Info</a> radio station</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la-clau.net/">La Clau</a> magazine in Catalan & French</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060720065202/http://www.mil-dimonis.com/">Dimonis</a> magazine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trabucaire.com/">Editorial del Trabucaire</a> publishing house</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llibreriacatalana.com/">Llibreria Catalana</a> Catalan bookstore in Perpinyà (Perpignan)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mirmanda.com/">Mirmanda</a> Cultural Journal in Catalan & French</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associations">Associations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bressola.com">La Bressola</a> – organises primary education in Catalan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portadelspaisoscatalans.com">La Porta dels Països Catalans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070401084056/http://www.portadelspaisoscatalans.com/">Archived</a> 1 April 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herve.pi.free.fr">Aire Nou de Bao</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays">Essays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Essays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arrels.free.fr/QUISOM/SUMARI.HTM"><i>Qui som els catalans del nord?</i></a> (Who are we Northern Catalans?)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060108211953/http://membres.lycos.fr/catalunyadelnord/llistamunicipis.htm">Catalan, Occitan and French toponomy in Northern Catalonia</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous_sites">Miscellaneous sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalunya-nord.com/ang/">Catalunya-Nord.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206235723/http://www.catalunya-nord.com/ang/">Archived</a> 6 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vilaweb.com/catalunyanord/">VilaWeb Catalunya Nord</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15580#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15580#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15580#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312801592">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125862573">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007005700">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987009293907205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northern_Catalonia&params=42_38_N_2_40_E_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-cawiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°38′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°40′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.633°N 2.667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.633; 2.667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&oldid=1252749561">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&oldid=1252749561</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northern_Catalonia" title="Category:Northern Catalonia">Northern Catalonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Category:Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Category:Geography of Pyrénées-Orientales">Geography of Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catalan_Countries" title="Category:Catalan Countries">Catalan Countries</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Catalan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Catalan-language text">Articles containing Catalan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Catalan_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Catalan IPA">Pages with Catalan IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Occitan_(post_1500)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text">Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Catalan-language_sources_(ca)" title="Category:CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)">CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2022">Use dmy dates from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2021">Articles needing additional references from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 October 2024, at 19:54<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northern_Catalonia&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-rzp8g","wgBackendResponseTime":991,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.579","walltime":"0.833","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1872,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":76714,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2635,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":68904,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 615.531 1 -total"," 24.05% 148.053 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.25% 112.304 2 Template:Efn"," 17.03% 104.841 10 Template:Langx"," 12.97% 79.856 5 Template:Cite_web"," 12.71% 78.212 1 Template:Catalan-speaking_world"," 11.93% 73.410 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.85% 54.492 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.78% 47.907 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 7.48% 46.061 1 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.386","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22703072,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-rzp8g","timestamp":"20241127205500","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Northern Catalonia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Catalonia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15580","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15580","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-08-31T00:56:37Z","dateModified":"2024-10-22T19:54:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d7\/Localitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Catalunya_Nord_respecte_Catalunya.png","headline":"term coined to refer to the territory ceded to France by Spain through the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659"}</script> </body> </html>