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In some cases, participant data is also collected and stored. Access policies details may vary across biobanks but generally involve obtaining <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a> approval from <a href="/wiki/Institutional_review_board" title="Institutional review board">institutional review boards</a> (IRB) and scientific review or <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer review</a> approval from the institutions under which the biobanks operate as well as Ethics approval from the institutions where the research projects will be undertaken. The samples and data are safeguarded so that researchers can use them in experiments deemed adequate. This article contains a list of biobanks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_biobanks&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biobanks can be classified in several ways. Some examples of how they can be classified is by their controlling entity (government, commercial enterprise, or private research institution), by their geographical location, or by what sorts of samples they collect. </p><p>Biobanks may be classified by purpose or design. Disease-oriented biobanks usually have a hospital affiliation through which they collect samples representing a variety of diseases, perhaps to look for biomarkers affiliated with disease.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Population-based biobanks need no particular hospital affiliation because they sample from large numbers of all kinds of people, perhaps to look for biomarkers for disease susceptibility in a general population.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="7" style="background-color: #CCEEEE;">List of biobanks </td></tr> <tr> <th>Biobank </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Focus </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Founding </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/All_of_Us_(initiative)" title="All of Us (initiative)">All of Us</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Population </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>United States </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Autism_Genetic_Resource_Exchange" title="Autism Genetic Resource Exchange">Autism Genetic Resource Exchange</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autism_Speaks" title="Autism Speaks">Autism Speaks</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">Autism</a> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>North America and Asia </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Avon_Longitudinal_Study_of_Parents_and_Children" title="Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children">Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>1990 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>BioBank Graz </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Graz" title="Medical University of Graz">Medical University of Graz</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Austria </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vilnius Santaros Klinikos Biobank </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University_Hospital_Santaros_Klinikos" title="Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos">Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Lithuania </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=BioBank_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BioBank Japan (page does not exist)">BioBank Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/RIKEN" class="mw-redirect" title="RIKEN">RIKEN</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a> </td> <td>Population, personalized medicine </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Japan </td> <td>2003 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Biosample_Repository" title="Canadian Biosample Repository">Canadian Biosample Repository</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Canada </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CARTaGENE_biobank" title="CARTaGENE biobank">CARTaGENE biobank</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre_hospitalier_universitaire_Sainte-Justine" title="Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine">Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Quebec </td> <td>2009 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-awadallaphilipJofEpi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-awadallaphilipJofEpi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cartagene_project_website_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartagene_project_website-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Human_Tissue_Network" title="Cooperative Human Tissue Network">Cooperative Human Tissue Network</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">Cancer</a> </td> <td>government </td> <td>USA </td> <td>1987 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coriell_Institute_for_Medical_Research" title="Coriell Institute for Medical Research">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Genetic Disorders, rare diseases, <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">Stem Cells</a> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>United States </td> <td>1953 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DeCODE_genetics" title="DeCODE genetics">DeCODE genetics</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>commercial </td> <td>Iceland </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Genome_Project" title="Estonian Genome Project">Estonian Genome Project</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Estonia </td> <td>2000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EuroBioBank" title="EuroBioBank">EuroBioBank</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Rare diseases </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Europe </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>FINBB </td> <td> </td> <td>Population </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Finland </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FinnGen" title="FinnGen">FinnGen</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Population, disease focused </td> <td>public-private </td> <td>Finland </td> <td>2017 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Generation_Scotland" title="Generation Scotland">Generation Scotland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NHS_Scotland" title="NHS Scotland">NHS Scotland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>government </td> <td>Scotland </td> <td>1999 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Macleod_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macleod-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Genomics_England" title="Genomics England">Genomics England</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Rare diseases, <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> </td> <td>public-private </td> <td>England </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HUNT_Biobank" title="HUNT Biobank">HUNT Biobank</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Norwegian University of Science and Technology">Norwegian University of Science and Technology</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Norway </td> <td>2002 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg </td> <td>Luxembourg Institute of Health </td> <td>Cancer, immunology </td> <td> </td> <td>Luxembourg </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interdisziplin%C3%A4re_Biomaterial-_und_Datenbank_W%C3%BCrzburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interdisziplinäre Biomaterial- und Datenbank Würzburg (page does not exist)">Interdisziplinäre Biomaterial- und Datenbank Würzburg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="University of Würzburg">University of Würzburg</a> & Universitätsklinikum Würzburg </td> <td> </td> <td>public agency </td> <td>Würzburg, Germany </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kaiser Permanente Research Bank </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Permanente" title="Kaiser Permanente">Kaiser Permanente</a> </td> <td>Population </td> <td> </td> <td>United States </td> <td>2016<sup id="cite_ref-kaiserpr_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaiserpr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Kaiser_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaiser-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LifeLines" title="LifeLines">Lifelines</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">University of Groningen</a> & <a href="/wiki/University_Medical_Center_Groningen" title="University Medical Center Groningen">University Medical Centre Groningen</a> </td> <td>Healthy aging </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Groningen, The Netherlands </td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Million_Veterans_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Million Veterans Project (page does not exist)">Million Veterans Project</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">United States Department of Veterans Affairs</a> </td> <td>American veterans </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>United States </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MyCode </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geisinger_Health_System" title="Geisinger Health System">Geisinger Health System</a> </td> <td>Electronic health records, personalized medicine </td> <td>commercial </td> <td>Pennsylvania, United States </td> <td>2007 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Carey_Fetterolf_Davis_Faucett_2016_pp._906–913_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carey_Fetterolf_Davis_Faucett_2016_pp._906–913-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Network_for_Pancreatic_Organ_Donors_with_Diabetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes">nPOD</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/JDRF" class="mw-redirect" title="JDRF">JDRF</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">Diabetes</a> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>United States </td> <td>2007 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PATH_Biobank" title="PATH Biobank">PATH Biobank</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">Breast cancer</a> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>2002 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Plasma Services Group </td> <td> </td> <td>Autoimmune, Infectious, Coagulation, Diagnostics<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>commercial </td> <td>United States </td> <td>2017 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sapien Biosciences </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Hospitals" title="Apollo Hospitals">Apollo Hospitals</a> & Saarum Innovations </td> <td>Population, with special focus on tailoring treatment for <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">Cancer</a> </td> <td>private </td> <td>India (headquartered in Hyderabad) </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signature_biobank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signature biobank (page does not exist)">Signature biobank</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biobanque_Signature" class="extiw" title="fr:Biobanque Signature">fr</a>]</span> </td> <td>Research centre of the Montreal Mental Health Institute </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">Mental health</a> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Canada (Quebec) </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Malaysian_Cohort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Malaysian Cohort (page does not exist)">The Malaysian Cohort</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="National University of Malaysia">National University of Malaysia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Malaysia </td> <td>2003 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tohoku_Medical_Megabank_Project" title="Tohoku Medical Megabank Project">Tohoku Medical Megabank Project</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tohoku_University" title="Tohoku University">Tohoku University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iwate_Medical_University" title="Iwate Medical University">Iwate Medical University</a> </td> <td>Population, Birth and Three-Generation </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>Japan </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UK_Biobank" title="UK Biobank">UK Biobank</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>non-profit </td> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>2006 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biobank Sweden </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Social_Care_Inspectorate" title="Health and Social Care Inspectorate">Health and Social Care Inspectorate</a> </td> <td>Collaborative biobank infrastructure (nearly 250 biobanks) </td> <td>government </td> <td>Sweden </td> <td>2017 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pmbb.med.upenn.edu">The Penn Medicine BioBank</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>United States </td> <td>2008 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_biobanks&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBevilacquaBosmanDassesseHöfler2010" class="citation journal cs1">Bevilacqua, G.; Bosman, F.; Dassesse, T.; Höfler, H.; Janin, A.; Langer, R.; Larsimont, D.; Morente, M. 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bioinformatics" title="Template:Bioinformatics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bioinformatics" title="Template talk:Bioinformatics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bioinformatics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bioinformatics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bioinformatics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Databases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sequence databases: <a href="/wiki/GenBank" title="GenBank">GenBank</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Nucleotide_Archive" title="European Nucleotide Archive">European Nucleotide Archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/DNA_Data_Bank_of_Japan" title="DNA Data Bank of Japan">DNA Data Bank of Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/China_National_GeneBank" title="China National GeneBank">China National GeneBank</a></li> <li>Secondary databases: <a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>, database of protein sequences grouping together <a href="/wiki/UniProt#UniProtKB.2FSwiss-Prot" title="UniProt">Swiss-Prot</a>, <a href="/wiki/UniProt#UniProtKB.2FTrEMBL" title="UniProt">TrEMBL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protein_Information_Resource" title="Protein Information Resource">Protein Information Resource</a></li> <li>Other databases: <a href="/wiki/BioNumbers" title="BioNumbers">BioNumbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">Protein Data Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, <a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>, <a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene Ontology</a></li> <li>Specialised genomic databases: <a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_Genome_Database" title="Saccharomyces Genome Database">Saccharomyces Genome Database</a>, <a href="/wiki/FlyBase" title="FlyBase">FlyBase</a>, <a href="/wiki/VectorBase" title="VectorBase">VectorBase</a>, <a href="/wiki/WormBase" title="WormBase">WormBase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rat_Genome_Database" title="Rat Genome Database">Rat Genome Database</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHI-base" title="PHI-base">PHI-base</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Arabidopsis_Information_Resource" title="The Arabidopsis Information Resource">Arabidopsis Information Resource</a>, <a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">GISAID</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zebrafish_Information_Network" title="Zebrafish Information Network">Zebrafish Information Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BLAST_(biotechnology)" title="BLAST (biotechnology)">BLAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowtie_(sequence_analysis)" title="Bowtie (sequence analysis)">Bowtie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clustal" title="Clustal">Clustal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMBOSS" title="EMBOSS">EMBOSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMMER" title="HMMER">HMMER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUSCLE_(alignment_software)" title="MUSCLE (alignment software)">MUSCLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_Assignment_of_Named_Global_Outbreak_Lineages" title="Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages">PANGOLIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAMtools" title="SAMtools">SAMtools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Oligonucleotide_Analysis_Package" title="Short Oligonucleotide Analysis Package">SOAP suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TopHat_(bioinformatics)" title="TopHat (bioinformatics)">TopHat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Server: <a href="/wiki/ExPASy" class="mw-redirect" title="ExPASy">ExPASy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_(education_platform)" title="Rosalind (education platform)">Rosalind (education platform)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Institute" title="Broad Institute">Broad Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_Biology_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Computational Biology Department">Computational Biology Department</a> (CBD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COSBI" title="COSBI">Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology</a> (COSBI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_Center_for_Life_Science" title="Database Center for Life Science">Database Center for Life Science</a> (DBCLS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_Data_Bank_of_Japan" title="DNA Data Bank of Japan">DNA Data Bank of Japan</a> (DDBJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bioinformatics_Institute" title="European Bioinformatics Institute">European Bioinformatics Institute</a> (EMBL-EBI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Molecular_Biology_Laboratory" title="European Molecular Biology Laboratory">European Molecular Biology Laboratory</a> (EMBL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatiron_Institute" title="Flatiron Institute">Flatiron Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Craig_Venter_Institute" title="J. Craig Venter Institute">J. Craig Venter Institute</a> (JCVI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Molecular_Cell_Biology_and_Genetics" title="Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics">Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics</a> (MPI-CBG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">US National Center for Biotechnology Information</a> (NCBI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Genetics" title="National Institute of Genetics">Japanese Institute of Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Bioinformatics_Centre" title="Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre">Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre</a> (NBIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Genome_Center" title="Philippine Genome Center">Philippine Genome Center</a> (PGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_Research" title="Scripps Research">Scripps Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Institute_of_Bioinformatics" title="Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics</a> (SIB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Sanger_Institute" title="Wellcome Sanger Institute">Wellcome Sanger Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_Institute" title="Whitehead Institute">Whitehead Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Society_for_Bioinformatics_and_Computational_Biology" title="African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology">African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology</a> (ASBCB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_Bioinformatics_Resource" title="Australia Bioinformatics Resource">Australia Bioinformatics Resource</a> (EMBL-AR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMBnet" title="EMBnet">European Molecular Biology network</a> (EMBnet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Nucleotide_Sequence_Database_Collaboration" title="International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration">International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration</a> (INSDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Biocuration" title="International Society for Biocuration">International Society for Biocuration</a> (ISB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Computational_Biology" title="International Society for Computational Biology">International Society for Computational Biology</a> (ISCB) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Computational_Biology_Student_Council" title="International Society for Computational Biology Student Council">Student Council</a> (ISCB-SC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Genomics_and_Integrative_Biology" title="Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology">Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology</a> (CSIR-IGIB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Society_for_Bioinformatics" title="Japanese Society for Bioinformatics">Japanese Society for Bioinformatics</a> (JSBi)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Computational_Biology_Conference" title="Basel Computational Biology Conference">Basel Computational Biology Conference‎</a> ([BC<sup>2</sup>])</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conference_on_Computational_Biology" title="European Conference on Computational Biology">European Conference on Computational Biology</a> (ECCB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Systems_for_Molecular_Biology" title="Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology">Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology</a> (ISMB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Bioinformatics" title="International Conference on Bioinformatics">International Conference on Bioinformatics</a> (InCoB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Computational_Intelligence_Methods_for_Bioinformatics_and_Biostatistics" title="International Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics">International Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics</a> (CIBB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISCB_Africa_ASBCB_Conference_on_Bioinformatics" title="ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics">ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Symposium_on_Biocomputing" title="Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing">Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing</a> (PSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_in_Computational_Molecular_Biology" title="Research in Computational Molecular Biology">Research in Computational Molecular Biology</a> (RECOMB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CRAM_(file_format)" title="CRAM (file format)">CRAM format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTA_format" title="FASTA format">FASTA format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTQ_format" title="FASTQ format">FASTQ format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXML_format" title="NeXML format">NeXML format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_file" title="Nexus file">Nexus format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pileup_format" title="Pileup format">Pileup format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAM_(file_format)" title="SAM (file format)">SAM format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_format" title="Stockholm format">Stockholm format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_Call_Format" title="Variant Call Format">VCF format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_feature_format" title="General feature format">GFF format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_transfer_format" title="Gene transfer format">GTF format</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computational_biology" title="Computational biology">Computational biology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of biobanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biological_databases" title="List of biological databases">List of biological databases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">Molecular phylogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequencing" title="Sequencing">Sequencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_database" title="Sequence database">Sequence database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_alignment" title="Sequence alignment">Sequence alignment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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