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Tilgængelig på 105 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologie" title="Topologie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Topologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topoloch%C3%ADa" title="Topolochía – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Topolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="طوبولوجيا – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طوبولوجيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="طوبولوجيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طوبولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolox%C3%ADa" title="Topoloxía – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Topoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologiya" title="Topologiya – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Topologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Топология – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Топология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolohiya" title="Topolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Topolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тапалогія – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тапалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тапалёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тапалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Топология – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Топология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4" title="টপোগণিত – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টপোগণিত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="ཐོ་ཕུ་རིག་པ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཐོ་ཕུ་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologija" title="Topologija – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Topologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia" title="Topologia – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Topologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C" title="تۆپۆلۆژی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆپۆلۆژی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologie" title="Topologie – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Topologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Топологи – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Топологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topoleg" title="Topoleg – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Topoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologie_(Mathematik)" title="Topologie (Mathematik) – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Topologie (Mathematik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τοπολογία – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τοπολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology" title="Topology – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Topology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologio" title="Topologio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Topologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolog%C3%ADa" title="Topología – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Topología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topoloogia" title="Topoloogia – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Topoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia" title="Topologia – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Topologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="توپولوژی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توپولوژی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia_(matematiikka)" title="Topologia (matematiikka) – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Topologia (matematiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology" title="Topology – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Topology" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologie" title="Topologie – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Topologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologii_(Matematiik)" title="Topologii (Matematiik) – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Topologii (Matematiik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologjie" title="Topologjie – friulisk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Topologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toipeola%C3%ADocht" title="Toipeolaíocht – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Toipeolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E6%92%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="拓撲學 – gan-kinesisk" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="拓撲學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topoloji" title="Topoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Topoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolox%C3%ADa" title="Topoloxía – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Topoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="טופולוגיה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טופולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="संस्थितिविज्ञान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संस्थितिविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologija" title="Topologija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Topologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topoloji" title="Topoloji – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Topoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topol%C3%B3gia" title="Topológia – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Topológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Տոպոլոգիա – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տոպոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia_(branca_de_mathematica)" title="Topologia (branca de mathematica) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Topologia (branca de mathematica)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi" title="Topologi – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Topologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologio" title="Topologio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Topologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grannfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Grannfræði – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grannfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia" title="Topologia – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Topologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E7%9B%B8%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="位相幾何学 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="位相幾何学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapalaji" title="Tapalaji – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Tapalaji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტოპოლოგია – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტოპოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologiya" title="Topologiya – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Topologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Топология – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Топология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="តូប៉ូវិទ្យា – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តូប៉ូវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಸಂಸ್ಥಿತಿವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಂಸ್ಥಿತಿವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%83%81%EC%88%98%ED%95%99" title="위상수학 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위상수학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Топология – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Топология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia" title="Topologia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Topologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologie" title="Topologie – luxembourgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Topologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Топология – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Топология" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolojia" title="Topolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Topolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologija" title="Topologija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Topologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolo%C4%A3ija" title="Topoloģija – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Topoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Топологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Топологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Топологија – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Топологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi" title="Topologi – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Topologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE" title="တိုပေါ်လော်ဂျီ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တိုပေါ်လော်ဂျီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologie" title="Topologie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Topologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi" title="Topologi – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Topologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi" title="Topologi – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Topologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia" title="Topologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Topologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia" title="Topologia – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Topologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਟੌਪੌਲੌਜੀ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੌਪੌਲੌਜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia" title="Topologia – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Topologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolog%C3%ACa" title="Topologìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Topologìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="ٹوپولوجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹوپولوجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologia_(matem%C3%A1tica)" title="Topologia (matemática) – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Topologia (matemática)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologie" title="Topologie – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Topologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Топология – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Топология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolugg%C3%ACa" title="Topoluggìa – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Topoluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologija" title="Topologija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Topologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ස්ථල විද්‍යාව – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්ථල විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology" title="Topology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Topology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topol%C3%B3gia" title="Topológia – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Topológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologija" title="Topologija – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Topologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologjia" title="Topologjia – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Topologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Топологија – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Топологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi" title="Topologi – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Topologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolojia" title="Topolojia – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Topolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இடவியல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Топология – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Топология" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5" title="ทอพอโลยี – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทอพอโลยี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologi%C3%BDa" title="Topologiýa – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Topologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolohiya" title="Topolohiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Topolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topoloji" title="Topoloji – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Topoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Топологія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Топологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="وضعیت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وضعیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topologiya" title="Topologiya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Topologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4_p%C3%B4" title="Tô pô – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tô pô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolohiya" title="Topolohiya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Topolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91%E5%AD%A6" title="拓扑学 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拓扑学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тополоҗик – kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Тополоҗик" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="טאפאלאגיע – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאפאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91%E5%AD%A6" title="拓扑学 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拓扑学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E6%92%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="拓撲學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="拓撲學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E6%92%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="拓撲學 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拓撲學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42989#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Topologi" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Topologi" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Specialsider" title="Liste over alle specialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&oldid=11842509" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Citer&page=Topologi&id=11842509&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om, hvordan man kan citere denne side"><span>Referer til denne side</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTopologi"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42989" title="Link til tilknyttet emne i Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/19px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/29px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Disambig_bordered_fade.svg/38px-Disambig_bordered_fade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><i> For alternative betydninger, se <a href="/wiki/Topologi_(flertydig)" class="mw-disambig" title="Topologi (flertydig)">Topologi (flertydig)</a>.</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Speciel:Pr%C3%A6fiksindeks/Topologi" title="Speciel:Præfiksindeks/Topologi">Se også artikler, som begynder med Topologi</a>)</small></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:M%C3%B6bius_strip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/M%C3%B6bius_strip.jpg/220px-M%C3%B6bius_strip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/M%C3%B6bius_strip.jpg/330px-M%C3%B6bius_strip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/M%C3%B6bius_strip.jpg/440px-M%C3%B6bius_strip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption>Et <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6biusb%C3%A5nd" title="Möbiusbånd">Möbiusbånd</a>: Et objekt med kun en side og en kant; bl.a. sådanne strukturer studeres i topologi.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Topologi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6sk_(sprog)" title="Græsk (sprog)">græsk</a> <i>topos</i>, '<a href="/wiki/Sted" title="Sted">sted</a>', og <i>logos</i>, 'lære') er en del af matematikken, der udvider <a href="/wiki/Geometri" title="Geometri">geometri</a>. Topologi begynder med en betragtning af rummets natur, og rummets finstruktur såvel som dets globale struktur analyseres. Topologi bygger på <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A6ngdel%C3%A6re" title="Mængdelære">mængdelære</a> og der arbejdes typisk med både <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A6ngde" title="Mængde">mængder</a> af punkter og familier af mængder. </p><p>Ordet <i>topologi</i> benyttes både om det matematiske område og om en familie af mængder, der har bestemte egenskaber, der beskrives nedenfor og benyttes til at definere et <a href="/wiki/Topologisk_rum" title="Topologisk rum">topologisk rum</a>. Af særlig interesse er en bestemt type <a href="/wiki/Afbildning" class="mw-redirect" title="Afbildning">afbildninger</a>, der kaldes <i><a href="/wiki/Hom%C3%B8omorfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Homøomorfi">homøomorfier</a></i>. Intuitivt er dette funktioner, der kan betragtes som deformationer af rummet, der ikke "ødelægger" det, eller som sætter forskellige dele sammen. </p><p>Da disciplinen blev grundlagt i slutningen af det <a href="/wiki/19._%C3%A5rhundrede" title="19. århundrede">19. århundrede</a>, blev den kaldt <i>geometria situs</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> 'stedgeometri') og <i>analysis situs</i> (latin 'stedanalyse'). Fra omkring 1925 til 1975 var området et vigtigt område i vækst indenfor matematikken, og der finder endnu megen forskning sted i forskellige områder, der stammer fra topologien: Den mest grundlæggende opdeling indenfor topologi er <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punktm%C3%A6ngdetopologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punktmængdetopologi (ikke skrevet endnu)">punktmængdetopologi</a></i>, hvor man undersøger begreber som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompakt_rum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompakt rum (ikke skrevet endnu)">kompakthed</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sammenh%C3%A6ngende_rum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sammenhængende rum (ikke skrevet endnu)">sammenhængenhed</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A6llelighedsaksiomet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tællelighedsaksiomet (ikke skrevet endnu)">tællelighed</a>; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algebraisk_topologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algebraisk topologi (ikke skrevet endnu)">algebraisk topologi</a></i>, hvor man undersøger begreber som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homotopi (ikke skrevet endnu)">homotopi</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homologi (ikke skrevet endnu)">homologi</a>; og <i><a href="/wiki/Geometrisk_topologi" title="Geometrisk topologi">geometrisk topologi</a></i>, der beskæftiger sig med <a href="/wiki/Mangfoldighed_(matematik)" title="Mangfoldighed (matematik)">mangfoldigheder</a> og deres indlejringer, herunder <a href="/wiki/Knudeteori" title="Knudeteori">knudeteori</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historie"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mug_and_Torus_morph.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mug_and_Torus_morph.gif/200px-Mug_and_Torus_morph.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Mug_and_Torus_morph.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>En kontinuert deformation (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Homotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homotopi (ikke skrevet endnu)">homotopi</a>) af en kaffekop til en munkering (<a href="/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">torus</a>) og tilbage igen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Området, der nu kaldes topologi, stammer oprindeligt fra undersøgelsen af bestemte spørgsmål i geometri. <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Eulers</a> afhandling om <i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsbergs_syv_broer" title="Königsbergs syv broer">Königsbergs syv broer</a></i> fra <a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a> betragtes som et af de første topologiske resultater. </p><p>Betegnelsen "topologie" blev introduceret på tysk i <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a> af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Benedict_Listing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Benedict Listing (ikke skrevet endnu)">Johann Benedict Listing</a> i <i>Vorstudien zur Topologie</i> (om end Listing havde brugt begrebet i korrespondancer ti år forinden). </p><p>Moderne topologi er i høj grad afhængigt af idéerne i <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A6ngdel%C3%A6re" title="Mængdelære">mængdelæren</a>, som blev udviklet af <a href="/wiki/Georg_Cantor" title="Georg Cantor">Georg Cantor</a> i den sidste del af det 19. århundrede. Udover at danne grundlaget for mængdelæren, betragtede Cantor punktmængder i <a href="/wiki/Euklidisk_rum" title="Euklidisk rum">euklidiske rum</a> i sin undersøgelse af <a href="/wiki/Fourierr%C3%A6kke" title="Fourierrække">Fourierrækker</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a>, der betragtes som en af grundlæggerne af moderne topologi, udgav <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analysis_Situs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analysis Situs (ikke skrevet endnu)">Analysis Situs</a></i> i 1895 og introducerede heri begreberne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homotopi (ikke skrevet endnu)">homotopi</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homologi (ikke skrevet endnu)">homologi</a>, der i dag betragtes som en del af algebraisk topologi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Fr%C3%A9chet" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice Fréchet">Maurice Fréchet</a>, der forenede Cantors, <a href="/wiki/Vito_Volterra" title="Vito Volterra">Volterras</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Arzel%C3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cesare Arzelâ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Arzelàs</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Hadamard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Hadamard (ikke skrevet endnu)">Hardamards</a>, Ascolis og andres forskning af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Funktionsrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funktionsrum (ikke skrevet endnu)">funktionsrum</a>, introducerede i 1906 begrebet <a href="/wiki/Metrisk_rum" title="Metrisk rum">metrisk rum</a>. Et metrisk rum, der er en generalisering af begrebet euklidisk rum, betragtes nu som et specialtilfælde af det mere generelle topologiske rum. Begrebet "topologisk rum" blev først brugt i <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a> af <a href="/wiki/Felix_Hausdorff" title="Felix Hausdorff">Felix Hausdorff</a>, der ligeledes definerede, hvad der i dag kaldes et <a href="/wiki/Hausdorffrum" title="Hausdorffrum">Hausdorffrum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grundlæggende_introduktion"><span id="Grundl.C3.A6ggende_introduktion"></span>Grundlæggende introduktion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Grundlæggende introduktion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Grundlæggende introduktion"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Konigsberg_bridges.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Konigsberg_bridges.png/220px-Konigsberg_bridges.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Konigsberg_bridges.png 1.5x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsbergs_syv_broer" title="Königsbergs syv broer">Königsbergs syv broer</a> er et berømt problem, der blev løst af <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Euler</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Topologiske rum optræder naturligt i stort set alle dele af matematikken, hvorfor topologi er blevet en af de store forenende idéer i matematikken. <i>Generel topologi</i>, eller <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punktm%C3%A6ngdetopologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punktmængdetopologi (ikke skrevet endnu)">punktmængdetopologi</a></i>, definerer og behandler egenskaber ved rum og afbildninger, såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sammenh%C3%A6ngende_rum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sammenhængende rum (ikke skrevet endnu)">sammenhængenhed</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompakt_rum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompakt rum (ikke skrevet endnu)">kompakthed</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kontinuitet" title="Kontinuitet">kontinuitet</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algebraisk_topologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algebraisk topologi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Algebraisk topologi</a></i> benytter sig af strukturer fra <a href="/wiki/Abstrakt_algebra" title="Abstrakt algebra">abstrakt algebra</a>, specielt <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_(matematik)" title="Gruppe (matematik)">gruppen</a>, til at studere topologiske rum og afbildninger mellem dem. </p><p>Motivationen bag topologi er, at nogle geometriske problemer ikke afhænger af den præcise form af de involverede objekter, men snarere af måden de er sat sammen. Eksempelvis har firkanten og cirklen mange egenskaber til fælles. Set fra et topologisk synspunkt, er begge endimensionale objekter, og de deler begge planen i to dele. En del, der ligger udenfor objektet, og en anden del, der ligger indenfor. </p><p>Som nævnt var Eulers afhandling om umuligheden af at finde en rute gennem Königsberg (nu <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>), der krydser alle broer netop én gang, blandt topologiens første. Eulers resultat afhang ikke af broernes længde, ej heller af afstanden mellem dem. Det er udelukkende sammenhængsegenskaber der bestemmer: Hvilke broer er forbundet til hvilke øer og bredder? Problemet, <i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsbergs_syv_broer" title="Königsbergs syv broer">Königsbergs syv broer</a></i>, er nu et berømt problem i grundlæggende matematik og på det matematiske område, der er kendt som <a href="/wiki/Grafteori" title="Grafteori">grafteori</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hairy_ball.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hairy_ball.png/200px-Hairy_ball.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Hairy_ball.png 1.5x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>Et mislykket forsøg på at rede en kugle flad, som efterlader en tot i hver ende.</figcaption></figure> <p>Det samme gælder <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6tningen_om_den_beh%C3%A5rede_kugle" title="Sætningen om den behårede kugle">sætningen om den behårede kugle</a></i> i algebraisk topologi, der siger, at "man ikke kan rede håret på en kugle glat" (se illustrationen til højre). Dette resultat virker umiddelbart oplagt for mange mennesker, selvom de ikke genkender sætningens formelle udsagn: At der ikke findes et <a href="/wiki/Kontinuitet" title="Kontinuitet">kontinuert</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vektorfelt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vektorfelt (ikke skrevet endnu)">tangentvektorfelt</a> på <a href="/wiki/Kugle" title="Kugle">kuglen</a>, der aldrig er 0. Som med Königsbergs broer afhænger resultatet ikke af kuglens præcise form; det gælder også om pæreformede objekter og faktisk om enhver formløs klat (med nogle betingelser på glatheden af overfladen); så længe objektet ikke har huller. </p><p>For at behandle disse problemer, der ikke har med objekters præcise form at gøre, må man gøre sig klart, hvilke egenskaber problemerne så faktisk <i>afhænger</i> af. Heraf opstår behovet for begrebet <i>topologisk ækvivalens</i>. Umuligheden af at krydse hver bro netop én gang kan bruges på enhver topologisk ækvivalent opstilling af broer, og sætningen om den behårede kugle kan bruges på ethvert rum, der er topologisk ækvivalent med kuglen. </p><p>Intuitivt er to rum topologisk ækvivalente, hvis det ene kan deformeres over i det andet uden behov for at skære eller lime. En typisk vittighed er, at topologer (forskere i topologi) ikke kan kende forskel på koppen de drikker af og munkeringen de spiser, da en tilstrækkeligt bøjelig munkering kan laves om til en kaffekop som på illustrationen i begyndelsen af dette afsnit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matematisk_definition">Matematisk definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Matematisk definition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Matematisk definition"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Topologisk_rum" title="Topologisk rum">Topologisk rum</a></span></span></div> <p>Lad <i>X</i> være en mængde og lad <i>T</i> være en familie af delmængder af <i>X</i>. Da kaldes <i>T</i> en <b>topologi</b> på <i>X</i>, hvis </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Den_tomme_m%C3%A6ngde" class="mw-redirect" title="Den tomme mængde">Den tomme mængde</a> og <i>X</i> er elementer i <i>T</i>.</li> <li>En vilkårlig forening af elementer i <i>T</i> igen ligger i <i>T</i>.</li> <li>Et snit af endeligt mange elementer i <i>T</i> igen ligger i <i>T</i>.</li></ol> <p>Hvis <i>T</i> er en topologi på <i>X</i>, kaldes parret (<i>X</i>,<i>T</i>) et <b>topologisk rum</b>. </p><p>Mængderne i <i>T</i> kaldes <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ben_m%C3%A6ngde" title="Åben mængde">åbne</a>; bemærk at dette ikke nødvendigvis er alle delmængder af <i>X</i> (eksempelvis er mængden bestående af den tomme mængde og <i>X</i> selv en topologi på <i>X</i>). En delmængde af <i>X</i> siges at være <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lukket_m%C3%A6ngde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lukket mængde (ikke skrevet endnu)">lukket</a>, hvis dens komplement ligger i <i>T</i> (dvs. komplementet er åbent). En delmængde af <i>X</i> kan være åben, lukket, begge dele eller ingen af delene. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Afbildning" class="mw-redirect" title="Afbildning">afbildning</a> fra et topologisk rum til et andet kaldes <b>kontinuert</b>, hvis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urbillede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urbillede (ikke skrevet endnu)">urbilledet</a> af en åben mængde under funktionen igen er åbent. Hvis funktionen afbilder de <a href="/wiki/Reelle_tal" title="Reelle tal">reelle tal</a> til de reelle tal (udstyret med de sædvanlige åbne mængder), er denne definition af kontinuitet ækvivalent med definitionen i <a href="/wiki/Infinitesimalregning" title="Infinitesimalregning">infinitesimalregningen</a>. Hvis en kontinuert funktion er <a href="/wiki/Bijektiv" title="Bijektiv">bijektiv</a> med kontinuert invers, kaldes funktionen en <a href="/wiki/Hom%C3%B8omorfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Homøomorfi">homøomorfi</a> og billedet af funktionen siges at være homøomorft på definitionsområdet. Hvis to rum er homøomorfe, har de de samme topologiske egenskaber, og de siges at være topologisk ækvivalente. Kuben og kuglen er homøomorfe, og det samme er kaffekoppen og munkeringen. Men cirklen er ikke homøomorf med munkeringen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencer">Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topologi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMunkres1999" class="citation book cs1">Munkres, James (1999). <i>Topology</i> (2 udgave). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prentice_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prentice Hall (ikke skrevet endnu)">Prentice Hall</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-13-181629-2" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-13-181629-2">0-13-181629-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Topology&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Munkres&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ATopologi" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFKelley1975" class="citation book cs1">Kelley, John L. (1975). <i>General Topology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer-Verlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-387-90125-6" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-387-90125-6">0-387-90125-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Topology&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ATopologi" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFPickover2006" class="citation book cs1">Pickover, Clifford A. (2006). <i>The Möbius Strip: Dr. August Möbius's Marvelous Band in Mathematics, Games, Literature, Art, Technology, and Cosmology</i>. Thunder's Mouth Press. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/1-56025-826-8" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/1-56025-826-8">1-56025-826-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+M%C3%B6bius+Strip%3A+Dr.+August+M%C3%B6bius%27s+Marvelous+Band+in+Mathematics%2C+Games%2C+Literature%2C+Art%2C+Technology%2C+and+Cosmology&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Pickover&rft.aufirst=Clifford+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ATopologi" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boto_von_Querenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boto von Querenburg (ikke skrevet endnu)">Querenburg, Boto von</a> (2006), <i>Mengentheoretische Topologie</i>. Heidelberg: Springer-Lehrbuch. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/3-540-67790-9" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/3-540-67790-9">3-540-67790-9</a> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(tysk)</span></li></ul> <table class="infobox sisterproject"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px; height:67px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Forside" class="extiw" title="commons:Forside">Wikimedia Commons</a> har medier relateret til: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Topology" class="extiw" title="commons:Topology">Topologi</a></b></i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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