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href="#Border_barriers_in_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Border barriers in history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Border_barriers_in_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Border barriers in history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Border_barriers_in_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Early modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defunct_barriers_in_modern_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defunct_barriers_in_modern_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Defunct barriers in modern times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defunct_barriers_in_modern_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84" title="جدار فاصل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جدار فاصل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гранични заграждения – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гранични заграждения" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur_de_seguretat" title="Mur de seguretat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mur de seguretat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_befestigter_Grenzen" title="Liste befestigter Grenzen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste befestigter Grenzen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muro_de_seguridad" title="Muro de seguridad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muro de seguridad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="دیوار مرزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوار مرزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghalang_perbatasan" title="Penghalang perbatasan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penghalang perbatasan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muro_di_confine" title="Muro di confine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muro di confine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="גדר גבול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גדר גבול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%B1szaki_hat%C3%A1rz%C3%A1r" title="Műszaki határzár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Műszaki határzár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grensbarri%C3%A8re" title="Grensbarrière – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grensbarrière" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bariera_graniczna" title="Bariera graniczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bariera graniczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Разделительная стена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Разделительная стена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejna_pregrada" title="Mejna pregrada – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mejna pregrada" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajaeste" title="Rajaeste – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rajaeste" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Separation barrier that runs along or near an international border</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Algodones_sand-dune-fence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Algodones_sand-dune-fence.jpg/230px-Algodones_sand-dune-fence.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Algodones_sand-dune-fence.jpg/345px-Algodones_sand-dune-fence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Algodones_sand-dune-fence.jpg/460px-Algodones_sand-dune-fence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico–United States barrier">Mexico–United States barrier</a> in California</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_(4261536735).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg/230px-Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg/345px-Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg/460px-Israel_-_Jerusalem_-_Mount_Zion_-_03_%284261536735%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">Defensive wall</a>.</div> <p>A <b>border barrier</b>, <b>border fence</b> or <b>border wall</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Separation_barrier" title="Separation barrier">separation barrier</a> that runs along or near an <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">international border</a>. Such barriers are typically constructed for <a href="/wiki/Border_control" title="Border control">border control</a> purposes such as curbing <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some such barriers are constructed for defence or security reasons. In cases of a <a href="/wiki/List_of_border_conflicts" title="List of border conflicts">disputed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Boundary_delimitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundary delimitation">unclear border</a>, erecting a barrier can serve as a <i>de facto</i> unilateral consolidation of a <a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">territorial claim</a> that can supersede formal <a href="/wiki/Boundary_delimitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundary delimitation">delimitation</a>. A border barrier does not usually indicate the location of the actual border, and is usually constructed unilaterally by a country, without the agreement or cooperation of the other country. </p><p>Examples of border walls include the ancient <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a>, a series of walls separating China from <a href="/wiki/Nomadic_empire" title="Nomadic empire">nomadic empires</a> to the north. The construction of border barriers increased in the early 2000s; half of all the border barriers built since World War II, which ended in 1945, were built after 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-FriedmanWalls_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FriedmanWalls-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_current_barriers">List of current barriers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of current barriers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_des_barri%C3%A8res_de_s%C3%A9paration.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Border Barriers in the World"><img alt="Border Barriers in the World" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Carte_des_barri%C3%A8res_de_s%C3%A9paration.svg/820px-Carte_des_barri%C3%A8res_de_s%C3%A9paration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="820" height="420" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Carte_des_barri%C3%A8res_de_s%C3%A9paration.svg/1230px-Carte_des_barri%C3%A8res_de_s%C3%A9paration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Carte_des_barri%C3%A8res_de_s%C3%A9paration.svg/1640px-Carte_des_barri%C3%A8res_de_s%C3%A9paration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span> </p><p><i>Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sort_both.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Sort_both.gif" decoding="async" width="21" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="9" /></a></span> icon.</i> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Countries affected </th> <th>Built and maintained by </th> <th>Date built </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Length (km) </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Deaths during crossing attempts </th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Argentina–Paraguay</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></td> <td>Argentina</td> <td>2014</td> <td>1.3</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Austrian_border_barrier" title="Austrian border barrier">Austrian border barrier</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>Austria</td> <td>2015</td> <td>3.7</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Belize–Guatemala</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></td> <td>Belize</td> <td>Proposed, agreed</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>Disputed territory and anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Botswana–Zimbabwe</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td> <td>Botswana</td> <td>2003</td> <td>500</td> <td>Protection of livestock against disease (Botswana), anti-immigration (purported from Zimbabwe officials) </td> <td>8</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Brunei–Malaysia</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limbang" title="Limbang">the city of Limbang, Malaysia</a></td> <td>Brunei</td> <td>2005</td> <td>20</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Turkey_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgaria–Turkey barrier">Bulgaria–Turkey barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>Bulgaria</td> <td>2014</td> <td>30</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Calais_border_barrier" title="Calais border barrier">Calais border barrier</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>United Kingdom and France</td> <td>2016</td> <td>1</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-McAuleyBuilding_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McAuleyBuilding-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ceuta_border_fence" title="Ceuta border fence">Ceuta border fence</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>Spain</td> <td>2001</td> <td>8</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td>13–18 depending on estimates.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Costa Rica–Nicaragua</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></td> <td>Costa Rica</td> <td>Proposed</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Cyprus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Line (Cyprus)">Green Line (Cyprus)</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></td> <td>Cyprus and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></td> <td>1964</td> <td>180</td> <td>Buffer Zone </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Chinese%E2%80%93Korean_border_fence" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese–Korean border fence">Chinese–Korean border fence</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></td> <td>China</td> <td>2011</td> <td>1,416</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Chile–Bolivia ditch</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>Chile </td> <td>2022 (Under construction) </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>China-Vietnam/Myanmar border wall</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and<a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </td> <td>China </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>3,468 </td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Germany_border#Border_controls" title="Denmark–Germany border">Denmark–Germany border fence</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>Denmark</td> <td>2019</td> <td>70</td> <td>Wildlife control (official), Anti-immigration (third party claims) </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Dominican–Haiti border fence</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></td> <td>Dominican Republic</td> <td>Under construction 2022</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration and crime </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt–Gaza barrier">Egypt–Gaza barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></td> <td>Egypt</td> <td>1979, subterranean barrier under construction</td> <td>3.1</td> <td>Anti-terrorism and anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FraserBuildingWall_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FraserBuildingWall-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93Russia_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonia–Russia barrier">Estonia–Russia barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Estonia</td> <td>2018</td> <td>110</td> <td>Anti-intrusion, illegal trade and illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Finland–Russia border barrier">Finland–Russia border barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Finland</td> <td>2023</td> <td>200</td> <td>Against Russian intrusion, illegal trade and illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Greece–Turkey border">Greece–Turkey border</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>Greece</td> <td>2012, expanded 2021<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>200</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_border_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian border barrier">North Macedonia–Greece barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>North Macedonia</td> <td>2015</td> <td>30</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Malaysia–Thailand border">Malaysia–Thailand border</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td>Thailand</td> <td>Proposed</td> <td>650</td> <td>Anti-terrorism </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Melilla_border_fence" title="Melilla border fence">Melilla border fence</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>Spain</td> <td>1998</td> <td>11</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Serbia_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary–Serbia barrier">Hungary–Serbia barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>Hungary</td> <td>2015</td> <td>175</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26_August_2016_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26_August_2016-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Croatia_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary–Croatia barrier">Hungary–Croatia barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>Hungary</td> <td>2015</td> <td>41</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Bangladesh_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="India–Bangladesh barrier">India–Bangladesh barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td>India</td> <td>Under construction</td> <td>3,268</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Myanmar_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="India–Myanmar barrier">India–Myanmar barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></td> <td>India</td> <td>Under construction</td> <td>1,624</td> <td>Anti-drug smuggling and anti-terrorism </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>India-Nepal barrier</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td> <td>India</td> <td>Under construction</td> <td>?</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration Anti-terrorism</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="India–Pakistan barrier">India–Pakistan barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>India</td> <td>2004</td> <td>550</td> <td>Anti-terrorism </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Pakistan_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran–Pakistan barrier">Iran–Pakistan barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>Pakistan<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Iran</td> <td>Under construction</td> <td>959</td> <td>Anti-terrorism and Anti-drug smuggling </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Iran_border" title="Afghanistan–Iran border">Iran–Afghanistan barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td>Iran </td> <td>Under construction </td> <td>930 </td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration Anti-terrorism Anti-drug smuggling </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier"><b>Israel-West Bank barrier</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> </td> <td>Israel </td> <td>Partially Completed </td> <td>708 </td> <td>Anti-terrorism and disputed territory </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_barrier" title="Egypt–Israel barrier"><b>Israel-Egypt barrier</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>Israel </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>245 </td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Line_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Line (Lebanon)"><b>Israel-Lebanon barrier</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td>Israel </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>Conflict zone </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Gaza barrier"><b>Israel-Gaza barrier</b></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> </td> <td>Israel </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>Anti-terrorism </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan barrier">Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></td> <td>Kazakhstan</td> <td>2006</td> <td>45</td> <td>Anti-drug smuggling </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>North Korea and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Command" title="United Nations Command">United Nations Command</a></td> <td>1953</td> <td>248</td> <td>Conflict zone </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kruger_National_Park" title="Kruger National Park">Kruger National Park</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></td> <td>South Africa</td> <td>1975</td> <td>120</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td>89 (<a href="/wiki/South_African_Army" title="South African Army">Army</a>), over 200 (Various churches)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_border" title="South Africa–Zimbabwe border">South Africa–Zimbabwe Border</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td> <td>South Africa</td> <td>2000s</td> <td>225</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration, anti-drug smuggling, anti-weapon smuggling </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Iraq_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwait–Iraq barrier">Kuwait–Iraq barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>Kuwait</td> <td>1991</td> <td>193</td> <td>Conflict zone </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Latvia%E2%80%93Russia_border" title="Latvia–Russia border">Latvia–Russia border fence</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Latvia</td> <td>2015</td> <td>90</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Tunisia_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya–Tunisia barrier">Libya–Tunisia barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>Tunisia</td> <td>TBA</td> <td>460</td> <td>Anti-terrorism, Anti-irregular immigration and smuggling of illicit goods </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Lithuania_border#Border_barrier" title="Belarus–Lithuania border">Lithuania-Belarus barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td>Lithuania</td> <td>2021<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>502</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93Russia_border" title="Lithuania–Russia border">Lithuania–Russia border fence</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Lithuania</td> <td>2017</td> <td>130</td> <td>Anti-smuggling, anti-illegal immigration, anti-intrusion </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Western_Sahara_Wall" title="Moroccan Western Sahara Wall">Moroccan Western Sahara Wall</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></td> <td>Morocco</td> <td>1980</td> <td>2,700</td> <td>Conflict zone </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Norway–Russia border barrier">Norway–Russia border barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>Norway</td> <td>2016</td> <td>0,2</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Osborne_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osborne-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Afghanistan_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier">Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>Pakistan</td> <td>ongoing</td> <td>2,670</td> <td>Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration, anti drug smuggling </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Belarus_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland–Belarus barrier">Poland–Belarus barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td>Poland</td> <td>2022<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>186</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td>21<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Yemen_barrier" title="Saudi–Yemen barrier">Saudi–Yemen barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td> <td>Saudi Arabia</td> <td>2004</td> <td>75</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Iraq_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi–Iraq barrier">Saudi–Iraq barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>Saudi Arabia</td> <td>2014</td> <td>900</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration and conflict zone </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Slovenia%E2%80%93Croatia_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenia–Croatia barrier">Slovenia–Croatia barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>Slovenia</td> <td>2016</td> <td>220</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Surk_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Surk-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Macedonia-Serbia_border_barrier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Macedonia-Serbia border barrier (page does not exist)">Serbia–North Macedonia barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td>Serbia</td> <td>2020</td> <td>240</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Syria_border_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–Syria border barrier">Turkey–Syria border barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>Turkey</td> <td>2018</td> <td>828</td> <td>Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration and smuggling </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Iran_border_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–Iran border barrier">Turkey–Iran border barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td>Turkey</td> <td>2019</td> <td>144</td> <td>Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration and smuggling </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Turkmen%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen–Uzbekistan barrier">Turkmen–Uzbekistan barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></td> <td>Turkmenistan</td> <td>2001</td> <td>1,700</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine–Russia barrier">Ukraine–Russia barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td>Ukraine</td> <td>Under construction</td> <td>2,000</td> <td>Anti Weapon Smuggling and Conflict zone </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates%E2%80%93Oman_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="United Arab Emirates–Oman barrier">United Arab Emirates–Oman barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></td> <td>United Arab Emirates</td> <td>2018</td> <td>410</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico–United States barrier">Mexico–United States barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>Partially Constructed</td> <td>1,000</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration and smuggling </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pew_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gallup_Poll_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallup_Poll-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Uzbek%E2%80%93Afghanistan_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbek–Afghanistan barrier">Uzbek–Afghanistan barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>Uzbekistan</td> <td>2001</td> <td>209</td> <td>Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Uzbek%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbek–Kyrgyzstan barrier">Uzbek–Kyrgyzstan barrier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></td> <td>Uzbekistan</td> <td>1999</td> <td>870</td> <td>Conflict zone </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Closed_Area" title="Frontier Closed Area">Hong Kong-China barrier</a> <a href="/wiki/MacIntosh_Forts" title="MacIntosh Forts">and Forts</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a></td> <td>United Kingdom and Hong Kong</td> <td>1950s</td> <td>?</td> <td>Anti-terrorism Anti-illegal immigration</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar-Spain_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar-Spain border">(Gibraltar) United Kingdom-Spain barrier</a></b> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>) <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>United Kingdom and Gibraltar</td> <td>1909</td> <td>1.24</td> <td>Anti-terrorism Anti-illegal immigration </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ethiopia–Eritrea barrier</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></td> <td>Ethiopia and Eritrea</td> <td>1990s–2000s</td> <td>?</td> <td>Anti-terrorism</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Border_barriers_in_history">Border barriers in history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Border barriers in history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limes_and_borders.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Limes_and_borders.gif/220px-Limes_and_borders.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Limes_and_borders.gif/330px-Limes_and_borders.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Limes_and_borders.gif/440px-Limes_and_borders.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, along with locations of <i><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">limes</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreatWallChina4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/GreatWallChina4.png/220px-GreatWallChina4.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/GreatWallChina4.png/330px-GreatWallChina4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/GreatWallChina4.png/440px-GreatWallChina4.png 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>The extent of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> and its walls, which formed most of what is called the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a> today</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a> (began in AD 142 by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasian_Wall" title="Anastasian Wall">Anastasian Wall</a> (built from AD 469, west of Istanbul, Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a> (parts were built as early as the 7th century BC by the <a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Qi dynasty</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_Gorgan" title="Great Wall of Gorgan">Great Wall of Gorgan</a> (built in 5th or 6th century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a> (begun in AD 122)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madukkarai_Wall" title="Madukkarai Wall">Madukkarai Wall</a> (may have been built as early as the 1st century AD in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li>Southern Great Wall, southern counterpart wall to the Great Wall, erected to protect and divide the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a> from the "southern barbarians" called <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Miao</a> (meaning barbaric and nomadic)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheolli_Jangseong" title="Cheolli Jangseong">Cheolli Jangseong</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Border_of_Granada" title="Border of Granada">fortifications, castles and border walls</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> between 1238 and 2 January 1492 although it continued as the internal border of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Granada">Kingdom of Granada</a> from 2 January 1492 to 29 September 1833. A large part of the <a href="/wiki/Border_of_Granada" title="Border of Granada">fortifications, castles and walls</a> is currently in good condition.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Asilah</a>: The King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso V of Portugal">Alfonso V of Portugal</a> built walls on the outskirts of the city of <a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Asilah</a>, serving as a border between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marinid_dynasty" title="Marinid dynasty">Marinid dynasty</a> (1471–1472), the <a href="/wiki/Saadi_Sultanate" title="Saadi Sultanate">Saadi Sultanate</a> (1472–1550), the <a href="/wiki/Wattasid_dynasty" title="Wattasid dynasty">Wattasid dynasty</a> (1577–1589), in the area of the sea there are still cannons next to a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portuguese</a> square tower. Currently the Wall is in good condition.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (currently <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>) built a wall around <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> in 1570.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_period">Early modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hedge_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Hedge of India">Great Hedge of India</a>, built by the British in 1803</li> <li>The border forts between the <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Captaincy General of Chile</a> later <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> territory that served as the border between the two from 1598 to 1883, which was delimited mainly by the <a href="/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Biobío river">Biobío river</a>, the route passed through the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Biob%C3%ADo" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Biobío">Province of Biobío</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Region_of_Biob%C3%ADo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Region of Biobío (page does not exist)">Region of Biobío</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Region_of_Araucan%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Region of Araucanía (page does not exist)">Region of Araucanía</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanja_de_Alsina" title="Zanja de Alsina">Zanja de Alsina</a>, built in the 1870s along the southern frontier of <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li>The points, forts and border barriers that functioned between the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Conchinchina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Conchinchina (page does not exist)">French Conchinchina</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> that functioned between 1862 and 1887.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defunct_barriers_in_modern_times">Defunct barriers in modern times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Defunct barriers in modern times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The posts and barriers between <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_Leased_Territory" title="Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory">Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> later <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912-1949)">China</a> between 1898 and 1914 and later served as the border between the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912-1949)">China</a>, that worked between November 7, 1914, and December 10, 1922, and reoccupied in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> from 1937 and 1945.</li> <li>The posts and border barriers between <a href="/wiki/Leased_Territory_of_Guangzhouwan" title="Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan">Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> later <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912-1949)">China</a> that worked between 1898 and 1945.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_border_fortifications" title="Czechoslovak border fortifications">Czechoslovak border fortifications</a> and fortified defensive lines built between 1935 and 1938 as a defensive countermeasure against the rising threat of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maginot_Line" title="Maginot Line">Maginot Line</a>, built between 1929 and 1938 by France on the <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_border" title="France–Germany border">French–German border</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Defense_line" title="Defense line">defensive structure</a>.</li> <li>The border posts and barriers between the (<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>) through the (<a href="/wiki/Karafuto_Prefecture" title="Karafuto Prefecture">Karafuto Prefecture</a>) and the (<a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> after <a href="/wiki/Russian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SSR">Russian SSR</a> after <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>) through the <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Oblast" title="Sakhalin Oblast">Sakhalin Oblast</a> that operated between 5 September 1907 and 25 August 1945.</li> <li>The border posts, forts and walls between the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Dalian" title="Russian Dalian">Russian Dalian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> between 27 March 1898 – 5 September 1905 and between the <a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Leased_Territory" title="Kwantung Leased Territory">Kwantung Leased Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>) and the (<a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> 5 September 1905 – 10 October 1911 and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1911-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1911-1949)">Republic of China</a> 10 October 1911 – 1932), later <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> (1932 – 14 August 1945) later by the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet occupation of Manchuria">Soviet occupation of Manchuria</a> between August 14, 1945, and May 3, 1946, when it was returned to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1911-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1911-1949)">Republic of China</a>.</li> <li>The posts, forts and border barriers that operated between the <a href="/wiki/British_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="British Burma">British Burma</a> (1824–1858, 1947–1948) later <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="British Burma">British Burma</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom">Kingdom of Siam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing">Qing dynasty</a> later <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1911-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1911-1949)">China</a>).</li> <li>The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">colony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">overseas territory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a> and (<a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> after <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a> after <a href="/wiki/Company_Rule_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Company Rule in India">Company Rule in India</a> after <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> after <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>) which operated between 1664 and 1 November 1954.</li> <li>The posts, forts and border barriers between <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Hanko_Peninsula" title="Hanko Peninsula">Hanko peninsula</a> (1940–1941) and in the <a href="/wiki/Porkkala_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Porkkala peninsula">Porkkala peninsula</a> (1945–1956).</li> <li>The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">colony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Overseas_province" title="Overseas province">overseas province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> and (<a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> after <a href="/wiki/Bijapur_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijapur Sultanate">Bijapur Sultanate</a> after <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a> after <a href="/wiki/Company_Rule_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Company Rule in India">Company Rule in India</a> after <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> after <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>) which functioned between 15 August 1505 and 19 December 1961.</li> <li>The coastal posts, forts and walls that were in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_New_Guinea" title="Dutch New Guinea">Dutch New Guinea</a> (27 December 1949 – 1 October 1962) after <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Provisional_Executive_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Provisional Executive Authority (page does not exist)">United Nations Provisional Executive Authority</a> (1 October 1962 – 1 May 1963) and served to ward off the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a> (27 December 1949 – 17 August 1950) and after <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (17 August 1950 – 1 May 1963).</li> <li>The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">colony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Overseas_province" title="Overseas province">overseas province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a>, (Independent East Timor between November 1975 to December 7, 1975) and (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (15 August 1702 – 27 December 1949) later <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a> (27 December 1949 – 17 August 1950) later <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (17 August 1950 – 7 December 1975) which functioned between 15 August 1702 and 7 December 1975, the border continues to function but is currently free passage.</li> <li>The border posts, forts and <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_fence" title="Panama Canal fence">barriers</a> between the (<a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone" title="Panama Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</a>) <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> in operation between November 18, 1903, until October 1, 1979, partially and totally the July 1, 1999.</li> <li>The former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> had a security barrier (see <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1-175_%22%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%22" class="extiw" title="ru:С-175 "Гардина"">С-175 "curtain"</a>) along its entire border from <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> to <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The barrier also existed along to direct border to Soviet allies, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. In Europe, the more than 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) long direct border between the Soviet Union and Finland/Norway was of particular importance during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. Along the Finnish border, the barrier was not so well guarded however since Finland agreed to send back all Soviet citizens who escaped.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The fence was located a few kilometers (miles) from the border, and still partly remains. Russian law still forbids crossing the border outside of a border station.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zum_Kubat-Dreieck,_Mauer_am_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Zum_Kubat-Dreieck%2C_Mauer_am_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg/220px-Zum_Kubat-Dreieck%2C_Mauer_am_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Zum_Kubat-Dreieck%2C_Mauer_am_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg/330px-Zum_Kubat-Dreieck%2C_Mauer_am_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Zum_Kubat-Dreieck%2C_Mauer_am_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg/440px-Zum_Kubat-Dreieck%2C_Mauer_am_Potsdamer_Platz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2897" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>, 1988.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a> in Europe and Asia: apart from the direct border between the former Soviet Union and Norway/Finland, this former barrier includes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_German_border" title="Inner German border">Inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone">Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakian_border_fortifications_during_the_Cold_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovakian border fortifications during the Cold War">German–Czech Border</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_Yemen_border&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inner Yemen border (page does not exist)">Inner Yemen border</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Alexander" title="Gates of Alexander">Gates of Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tavirke" title="Götavirke">Götavirke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Germanicus" title="Limes Germanicus">Limes Germanicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Saxoniae" title="Limes Saxoniae">Limes Saxoniae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offa%27s_Dyke" title="Offa's Dyke">Offa's Dyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Palisade" title="Willow Palisade">Willow Palisade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zasechnaya_cherta" class="mw-redirect" title="Zasechnaya cherta">Zasechnaya cherta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffer_zone" title="Buffer zone">Buffer zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–United States border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">Citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_line" title="Defense line">Defense line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_lines" title="Peace lines">Peace lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demilitarised_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Demilitarised zone">Demilitarised zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive walls">Defensive walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_with_defensive_walls" title="List of cities with defensive walls">List of cities with defensive walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fortifications" title="List of fortifications">List of fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_walls" title="List of walls">List of walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_sanctuary" title="Second Amendment sanctuary">Second Amendment sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">Trump wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favela#Public_policy_towards_favelas" title="Favela">Fences in Rio de Janeiro</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Return+of+the+Fence%3A+Immigration+crisis+spurs+renewed+calls+for+border+barrier&rft.date=2014-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Freturn-of-the-fence-immigration-crisis-spurs-renewed-calls-for-border-barrier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1819/18191290.htm">"Border Barrier"</a>. <i>Frontline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Published on December 16, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1768340/lithuania-completes-building-fence-along-border-with-belarus">"Lithuania completes building fence along border with Belarus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baltic_News_Service" title="Baltic News Service">BNS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">lrt.lt</a></i>. 2022-08-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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January 18, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071027155338/http://www.minurso.unlb.org/MINURSO_Ceasefire.pdf"><i>Deployment of Minurso</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minurso.unlb.org/MINURSO_Ceasefire.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unhcr.org&rft.atitle=UNHCR+%E2%80%93+Western+Sahara+Atlas+Map+%E2%80%93+June+2006&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2F453f1b104.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osborne-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Osborne_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne2016" class="citation news cs1">Osborne, Samuel (25 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/norway-border-fence-russia-refugees-refugee-crisis-schengen-syria-war-a7208806.html">"Norway to build border fence with Russia to keep out refugees"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Norway+to+build+border+fence+with+Russia+to+keep+out+refugees&rft.date=2016-08-25&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fnorway-border-fence-russia-refugees-refugee-crisis-schengen-syria-war-a7208806.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061009092416/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=26761">"Pakistan doing all it can in terror war – Musharraf"</a>. Turkish weekly. February 28, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=26761">the original</a> on October 9, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-03</span></span>. <q>Washington (Reuters) – Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf said on Monday his country was doing all it could in the U.S.-led war against terrorism and offered to fence and mine its border with Afghanistan to stem Taliban infiltration. "I have been telling Karzai and the United States, 'Let us fence the border and let us mine it.' Today I say it again. Let us mine their entire border. Let us fence it. It's not difficult", Musharraf said, referring to Afghan President Hamid Karzai.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+doing+all+it+can+in+terror+war+%E2%80%93+Musharraf&rft.pub=Turkish+weekly&rft.date=2006-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D26761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlett2006" class="citation news cs1">Plett, Barbara (March 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4761338.stm">"Musharraf interview: Full transcript"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-03</span></span>. <q>Now the other thing that I've said: if he thinks everyone is crossing from here, I've been saying let us fence the border and let us also mine the border. We are experts at mining, they should mine the border on their side. We will fence it on our side. If that is all right I am for it, so that they are not allowed to go across at all. And then let us see what is happening in Afghanistan. Why don't they agree to this, I've said this openly many times before, they don't do it, for whatever are their reasons. I know how effective the fence, the Indian fence which is about 1,800 kilometres, and they are fencing the Kashmir mountains also, it is so difficult. Why are they doing that, are they mad, they are spending billions of rupees. Because it is effective. Let's fence this border so that this blame game is killed once for ever.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Musharraf+interview%3A+Full+transcript&rft.date=2006-03-01&rft.aulast=Plett&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F4761338.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2022/06/30/poland-completes-186-kilometre-border-wall-with-belarus-after-migration-dispute">"Poland completes 186-kilometre border wall with Belarus"</a>. <i>euronews</i>. 2022-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Tak wyglądają pozostałe [ZDJĘCIA]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gazeta.pl" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazeta.pl">Gazeta.pl</a></i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Polish+MPs+approve+%E2%82%AC350M+wall+on+Belarusian+border+as+migrant+death+toll+rises&rft.date=2021-10-14&rft.aulast=Huemer&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fpolish-border-migrants-dead-body-found-and-parliament-approves-funding-for-physical-barrier-belarus-lukashenko%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2021" class="citation web cs1">Porter, Fred (October 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jurist.org/news/2021/10/poland-parliament-authorizes-border-wall-with-belarus/">"oland parliament authorizes border wall with Belarus"</a>. <i>Jurist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=rs.n1info.com%2F&rft.atitle=RFE%3A+Serbia+builds+wire+fence+on+border+with+North+Macedonia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frs.n1info.com%2FEnglish%2FNEWS%2Fa630957%2FRFE-Serbia-builds-wire-fence-on-border-with-North-Macedonia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-syria-border-wall-to-be-completed-by-spring-124303">"Turkey-Syria border wall to be completed by spring – Turkey News"</a>. 19 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey-Syria+border+wall+to+be+completed+by+spring+%E2%80%93+Turkey+News&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fturkey-syria-border-wall-to-be-completed-by-spring-124303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/trumpometer/promise/1397/build-wall-and-make-mexico-pay-it/">"Trump-O-Meter: | PolitiFact"</a>. <i>politifact.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Orders+Mexican+Border+Wall+to+Be+Built+and+Plans+to+Block+Syrian+Refugees&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Julie+Hirschfeld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F01%2F25%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Frefugees-immigrants-wall-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerns2018" class="citation web cs1">Kerns, Jen (2018-02-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/372152-new-polling-proves-president-trump-is-right-americans-are-dreamers-too/">"New polling proves President Trump is right – 'Americans are #Dreamers, too'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Hill</i>. News Communication. <q>61 percent think that current border security is inadequate, and ... 54 percent support a physical barrier</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=New+polling+proves+President+Trump+is+right+%E2%80%93+%27Americans+are+%23Dreamers%2C+too%27&rft.date=2018-02-03&rft.aulast=Kerns&rft.aufirst=Jen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fopinion%2Fwhite-house%2F372152-new-polling-proves-president-trump-is-right-americans-are-dreamers-too%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_PintoBackusKhannaSalvanto2018" class="citation web cs1">De Pinto, Jennifer; Backus, Fred; Khanna, Kabir; Salvanto, Anthony (20 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/most-americans-support-daca-but-oppose-border-wall-cbs-news-poll/">"Most Americans support DACA, but oppose border wall – CBS News poll"</a>. <i>CBS</i>. <q>Most Americans ... oppose building a border wall, but seven in 10 Republicans support it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS&rft.atitle=Most+Americans+support+DACA%2C+but+oppose+border+wall+%E2%80%93+CBS+News+poll&rft.date=2018-01-20&rft.aulast=De+Pinto&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Backus%2C+Fred&rft.au=Khanna%2C+Kabir&rft.au=Salvanto%2C+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmost-americans-support-daca-but-oppose-border-wall-cbs-news-poll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalvantoDe_Pinto2018" class="citation web cs1">Salvanto, Anthony; De Pinto, Jennifer (21 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-poll-americans-dont-support-building-the-wall/">"Most Americans don't support building the wall"</a>. <i>CBS</i>. <q>59 percent of Americans oppose building a wall... A large majority of Republicans support the wall – 79 percent. A majority of independents – 66 percent – oppose the wall, and 84 percent of Democrats are also against it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS&rft.atitle=Most+Americans+don%27t+support+building+the+wall&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft.aulast=Salvanto&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=De+Pinto%2C+Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fcbs-news-poll-americans-dont-support-building-the-wall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtzleben2018" class="citation web cs1">Kurtzleben, Danielle (23 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/01/23/580037717/what-the-latest-immigration-polls-do-and-dont-say/">"What The Latest Immigration Polls Do (And Don't) Say"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <q>Given the choice between "open borders" ... and a "secure border," 79 percent of Americans agreed that the U.S. needs "secure borders." ... 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Declares+a+National+Emergency%2C+and+Provokes+a+Constitutional+Clash&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F15%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fnational-emergency-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pew-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pew_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGramlich" class="citation web cs1">Gramlich, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/16/how-americans-see-illegal-immigration-the-border-wall-and-political-compromise/">"How Americans see illegal immigration, the border wall and political compromise"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=How+Americans+see+illegal+immigration%2C+the+border+wall+and+political+compromise&rft.aulast=Gramlich&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F01%2F16%2Fhow-americans-see-illegal-immigration-the-border-wall-and-political-compromise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallup_Poll-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gallup_Poll_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2019" class="citation web cs1">Norman, Jim (4 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/246455/solid-majority-opposes-new-construction-border-wall.aspx">"Solid Majority Still Opposes New Construction on Border Wall"</a>. <i>Gallup News</i>. Gallup<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup+News&rft.atitle=Solid+Majority+Still+Opposes+New+Construction+on+Border+Wall&rft.date=2019-02-04&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F246455%2Fsolid-majority-opposes-new-construction-border-wall.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLearned,_J.G." class="citation web cs1">Learned, J.G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101208155406/http://www.north-by-north-east.com/articles/04_04_1.asp">"The Hmong: Part 1 Legend and History"</a>. <i>North-by-North-East.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.north-by-north-east.com/articles/04_04_1.asp">the original</a> on December 8, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North-by-North-East.com&rft.atitle=The+Hmong%3A+Part+1+Legend+and+History&rft.au=Learned%2C+J.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.north-by-north-east.com%2Farticles%2F04_04_1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_barrier&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Boundary_walls" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Boundary walls">Boundary walls</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/world/international-walls.html">"Around Globe, Walls Spring Up to Divide Neighbors"</a>. Reuters. April 30, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Around+Globe%2C+Walls+Spring+Up+to+Divide+Neighbors&rft.date=2007-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Freuters%2Fworld%2Finternational-walls.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://subtopia.blogspot.com/2007/04/border-to-border-wall-to-wall-fence-to.html">"Border to Border, Wall to Wall, Fence to Fence"</a>. <i>Subtopia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Subtopia&rft.atitle=Border+to+Border%2C+Wall+to+Wall%2C+Fence+to+Fence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsubtopia.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F04%2Fborder-to-border-wall-to-wall-fence-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206221142/http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=181&Itemid=83">"CityWalls"</a>. <i>Erasmuspc</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erasmuspc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=181&Itemid=83">the original</a> on 2012-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Erasmuspc&rft.atitle=CityWalls&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erasmuspc.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D181%26Itemid%3D83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/now/shows/527/index.html">"Obama's Border Fence"</a>. <i>NOW</i>. PBS. July 3, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOW&rft.atitle=Obama%27s+Border+Fence&rft.date=2009-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnow%2Fshows%2F527%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200503/cutler">"Security Fences"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Monthly">The Atlantic Monthly</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic+Monthly&rft.atitle=Security+Fences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fdoc%2Fprem%2F200503%2Fcutler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorder+barrier" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortifications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abatis" title="Abatis">Abatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">Acropolis</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Agger_(ancient_Rome)" title="Agger (ancient Rome)">Agger</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco"><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Burgus" title="Burgus">Burgus</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Castellum" title="Castellum">Castellum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Castra</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Castro_culture" title="Castro culture">Castros</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_city_wall" title="Chinese city wall">Chengqiang</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_rampart" title="Circular rampart">Circular rampart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_gate" title="City gate">City gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crannog" title="Crannog">Crannog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditch_(fortification)" title="Ditch (fortification)">Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">Defensive wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dun_(fortification)" title="Dun (fortification)">Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faussebraye" title="Faussebraye">Faussebraye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatehouse" title="Gatehouse">Gatehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gord_(archaeology)" title="Gord (archaeology)">Gord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillfort" title="Hillfort">Hillfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landwehr_(border)" title="Landwehr (border)">Landwehr</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Limes</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuraghe" title="Nuraghe">Nuraghe</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">Oppidum</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">Palisade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pincer_gate" title="Pincer gate">Pincer gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promontory_fort" title="Promontory fort">Promontory fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampart_(fortification)" title="Rampart (fortification)">Rampart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringfort" title="Ringfort">Ringfort</a> (Rath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_castle" title="Refuge castle">Refuge castle</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schwedenschanze" title="Schwedenschanze">Schwedenschanze</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockade" title="Stockade">Stockade</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Sudis_(stake)" title="Sudis (stake)">Sudis</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Trou_de_loup" title="Trou de loup">Trou de loup</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Vallum" title="Vallum">Vallum</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagon_fort" title="Wagon fort">Wagon fort</a> (<span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">Laager</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitrified_fort" title="Vitrified fort">Vitrified fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_fortification" title="Medieval fortification">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_work" title="Advanced work">Advanced work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albarrana_tower" title="Albarrana tower">Albarrana tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcazaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcazaba">Alcazaba</a></li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar" title="Alcázar">Alcázar</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(landform)" title="Amba (landform)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrowslit" title="Arrowslit">Arrowslit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbican" title="Barbican">Barbican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartizan" title="Bartizan">Bartizan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">Bastion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_tower" title="Battery tower">Battery tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlement" title="Battlement">Battlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawn" title="Bawn">Bawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bent_entrance" title="Bent entrance">Bent entrance</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bergfried" title="Bergfried">Bergfried</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Berm" title="Berm">Berm</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_(navigational_barrier)" title="Boom (navigational barrier)">Boom</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Bret%C3%A8che" title="Bretèche">Bretèche</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_castle" title="Bridge castle">Bridge castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_tower" title="Bridge tower">Bridge tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burh" title="Burh">Burh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter-churn_tower" title="Butter-churn tower">Butter-churn tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caer" title="Caer">Caer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caltrop" title="Caltrop">Caltrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_gate" title="Chamber gate">Chamber gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartaque" title="Chartaque">Chartaque</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Chashi" title="Chashi">Chashi</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chemin_de_ronde" title="Chemin de ronde">Chemin de ronde</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chemise_(wall)" title="Chemise (wall)">Chemise</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cheval_de_frise" title="Cheval de frise">Cheval de frise</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">Citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coercion_castle" title="Coercion castle">Coercion castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_castle" title="Concentric castle">Concentric castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_tower" title="Corner tower">Corner tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-castle" title="Counter-castle">Counter-castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_wall_(fortification)" title="Curtain wall (fortification)">Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawbridge" title="Drawbridge">Drawbridge</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Enceinte" title="Enceinte">Enceinte</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Embrasure" title="Embrasure">Embrasure</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanking_tower" title="Flanking tower">Flanking tower</a></li> <li>Fortified buildings (<a href="/wiki/Fortified_church" title="Fortified church">church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortified_house" title="Fortified house">house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_tulou" title="Fujian tulou">Fujian tulou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganerbenburg" title="Ganerbenburg">Ganerbenburg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_tower" title="Gate tower">Gate tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabion" title="Gabion">Gabion</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Glacis" title="Glacis">Glacis</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_tower" title="Guard tower">Guard tower</a></li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gulyay-gorod" title="Gulyay-gorod">Gulyay-gorod</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gusuku" title="Gusuku">Gusuku</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_tower" title="Half tower">Half tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoarding_(castle)" title="Hoarding (castle)">Hoarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_bailey" title="Inner bailey">Inner bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasbah" title="Kasbah">Kasbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep" title="Keep">Keep</a></li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_(fortification)" title="Kremlin (fortification)">Kremlin</a></i></span> <small>(<span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Detinets" title="Detinets">Detinets</a></i></span>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksar" title="Ksar">Ksar</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Landesburg" title="Landesburg">Landesburg</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-plan_castle" title="L-plan castle">L-plan castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machicolation" title="Machicolation">Machicolation</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Merlon" title="Merlon">Merlon</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moat" title="Moat">Moat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_castle" title="Motte-and-bailey castle">Motte-and-bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_hole" title="Murder hole">Murder hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_ditch" title="Neck ditch">Neck ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_bailey" title="Outer bailey">Outer bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwork" title="Outwork">Outwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_tower" title="Peel tower">Peel tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portcullis" title="Portcullis">Portcullis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postern" title="Postern">Postern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_tower" title="Powder tower">Powder tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalat_(fortress)" title="Qalat (fortress)">Qalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduit" title="Reduit">Reduit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribat" title="Ribat">Ribat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricetto" title="Ricetto">Ricetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringwork" title="Ringwork">Ringwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundel_(fortification)" title="Roundel (fortification)">Roundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangular_castle" title="Quadrangular castle">Quadrangular castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_keep" title="Shell keep">Shell keep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_wall_(castle)" title="Shield wall (castle)">Shield wall</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_castle" title="Japanese castle">Shiro</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_castle" title="Toll castle">Toll castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_castle" title="Tower castle">Tower castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_house" title="Tower house">Tower house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turret_(architecture)" title="Turret (architecture)">Turret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_ring_fortress" title="Viking ring fortress">Viking ring fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_tower" title="Fortified tower">Wall tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_(castle)" title="Bailey (castle)">Bailey (or ward)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchtower" title="Watchtower">Watchtower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_tower" title="Witch tower">Witch tower</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yagura_(tower)" title="Yagura (tower)">Yagura</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yett" title="Yett">Yett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwinger" title="Zwinger">Zwinger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Abwurfdach" class="mw-redirect" title="Abwurfdach">Abwurfdach</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal" title="Arsenal">Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barricade" title="Barricade">Barricade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">Bastion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockhouse" title="Blockhouse">Blockhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastwork_(fortification)" title="Breastwork (fortification)">Breastwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canal</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Caponier" title="Caponier">Caponier</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">Casemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_(fortification)" title="Cavalier (fortification)">Cavalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterguard" title="Counterguard">Counterguard</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Couvreface" title="Couvreface">Couvreface</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Coupure" title="Coupure">Coupure</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covertway" title="Covertway">Covertway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crownwork" title="Crownwork">Crownwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_Forts" title="Device Forts">Device Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrenchment_(fortification)" title="Entrenchment (fortification)">Entrenchment</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A8che_(fortification)" title="Flèche (fortification)">Flèche</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorge_(fortification)" title="Gorge (fortification)">Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_magazine" title="Gunpowder magazine">Gunpowder magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornwork" title="Hornwork">Hornwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotta_mara" title="Kotta mara">Kotta mara</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Lunette_(fortification)" title="Lunette (fortification)">Lunette</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine_(artillery)" title="Magazine (artillery)">Magazine</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Orillon" title="Orillon">Orillon</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ostrog_(fortress)" title="Ostrog (fortress)">Ostrog</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palanka_(fortification)" title="Palanka (fortification)">Palanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place-of-arms" title="Place-of-arms">Place-of-arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_fort" title="Polygonal fort">Polygonal fort</a></li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Presidio" title="Presidio">Presidio</a></i></span> (Spanish America)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punji_stick" title="Punji stick">Punji sticks</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ravelin" title="Ravelin">Ravelin</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Redan" title="Redan">Redan</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redoubt" title="Redoubt">Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrenchment_(military)" title="Retrenchment (military)">Retrenchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_port" title="Sally port">Sally port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandbag" title="Sandbag">Sandbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterscarp" title="Counterscarp">Scarp and Counterscarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sconce_(fortification)" title="Sconce (fortification)">Sconce</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Schanze" title="Schanze">Schanze</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea fort">Sea fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_(frontier_defensive_structure)" title="Station (frontier defensive structure)">Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Star fort">Star fort</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Tenaille" title="Tenaille">Tenaille</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">Barbed wire</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">Barbette</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_outpost" title="Border outpost">Border outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker" title="Bunker">Bunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_artillery" title="Coastal artillery">Coastal artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappearing_gun" title="Disappearing gun">Disappearing gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_control_tower" title="Fire control tower">Fire control tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Gun turret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">Land mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martello_tower" title="Martello tower">Martello tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(military)" title="Outpost (military)">Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_fort" title="Polygonal fort">Polygonal fort</a></li> <li><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sangar_(fortification)" title="Sangar (fortification)">Sangar</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_obstacle" title="Wire obstacle">Wire obstacles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_scaffolding" title="Admiralty scaffolding">Admiralty scaffolding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">Air raid shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_trench" title="Anti-tank trench">Anti-tank trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbed_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbed tape">Barbed tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cointet-element" title="Cointet-element">Belgian gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_shelter" title="Blast shelter">Blast shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_wall" title="Blast wall">Blast wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Border security">Border security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomb_shelter" title="Bomb shelter">Bomb shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buoy_anti-tank_obstacle" title="Buoy anti-tank obstacle">Buoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremer_wall" title="Bremer wall">Bremer wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concertina_wire" title="Concertina wire">Concertina wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Defensive fighting position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_anti-invasion_preparations_of_the_Second_World_War#Lines_and_islands" title="British anti-invasion preparations of the Second World War">British "hedgehog" road block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_hedgehog" title="Czech hedgehog">Czech hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_teeth_(fortification)" title="Dragon's teeth (fortification)">Dragon's teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_operating_base" title="Forward operating base">Entry control point (ECP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_fence" title="Electric fence">Electric fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallout_shelter" title="Fallout shelter">Fallout shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_support_base" title="Fire support base">Fire support base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flak_tower" title="Flak tower">Flak tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardened_aircraft_shelter" title="Hardened aircraft shelter">Hardened aircraft shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesco_bastion" title="Hesco bastion">Hesco bastion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabal_(earthworks)" title="Kabal (earthworks)">Kabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loophole_(firearm)" title="Loophole (firearm)">Loophole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_line_of_resistance" title="Main line of resistance">Main line of resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_launch_facility" title="Missile launch facility">Missile launch facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillbox_(military)" title="Pillbox (military)">Pillbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revetment_(aircraft)" title="Revetment (aircraft)">Revetment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentry_gun" title="Sentry gun">Sentry gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_hole" title="Spider hole">Spider hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_pen" title="Submarine pen">Submarine pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_hangar" title="Underground hangar">Underground hangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_storage_area" title="Weapon storage area">Weapon storage area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System" title="Weapons Storage and Security System">Weapons Storage and Security System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_castle" title="Cave castle">Cave castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_castle" title="Hill castle">Hill castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillfort" title="Hillfort">Hillfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillside_castle" title="Hillside castle">Hillside castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop_castle" title="Hilltop castle">Hilltop castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_castle" title="Island castle">Island castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_castle" title="Lowland castle">Lowland castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_castle" title="Marsh castle">Marsh castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_castle" title="Water castle">Moated castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promontory_fort" title="Promontory fort">Promontory fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge_castle" title="Ridge castle">Ridge castle</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Rocca_(fortification)" title="Rocca (fortification)">Rocca</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_castle" title="Rock castle">Rock castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spur_castle" title="Spur castle">Spur castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_castle" title="Water castle">Water castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotta_mara" title="Kotta mara">Floating water castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_and_fortification" title="Coastal defence and fortification">Coastal defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coercion_castle" title="Coercion castle">Coercion castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-castle" title="Counter-castle">Counter-castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fence" title="Fence">Fence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganerbenburg" title="Ganerbenburg">Ganerbenburg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdschloss" title="Jagdschloss">Hunting lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_castle" title="Imperial castle">Imperial castle</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kaiserpfalz" title="Kaiserpfalz">Kaiserpfalz</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Landesburg" title="Landesburg">Landesburg</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Lustschloss" title="Lustschloss">Lustschloss</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">Military base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstacle" title="Obstacle">Obstacle</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ordensburg" title="Ordensburg">Ordensburg</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_castle" title="Refuge castle">Refuge castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_castle" title="Toll castle">Toll castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_castle" title="Urban castle">Urban castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastion_fort" title="Bastion fort">Bastion fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_castle" title="Bridge castle">Bridge castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_rampart" title="Circular rampart">Circular rampart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_castle" title="Concentric castle">Concentric castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-plan_castle" title="L-plan castle">L-plan castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_castle" title="Motte-and-bailey castle">Motte-and-bailey castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangular_castle" title="Quadrangular castle">Quadrangular castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringfort" title="Ringfort">Ringfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringwork" title="Ringwork">Ringwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_castle" title="Tower castle">Tower castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-plan_castle" title="Z-plan castle">Z-plan castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bastion_forts" title="List of bastion forts">Bastion forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles" title="List of castles">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_with_defensive_walls" title="List of cities with defensive walls">Cities with defensive walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_line" title="Defense line">Defense line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified estate">Fortified estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fortifications" title="List of fortifications">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts" title="List of forts">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_installations" title="Lists of military installations">Military installations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_walls" title="List of walls">Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related word</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_town" title="Castle town">Castle town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Château">Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon" title="Dungeon">Dungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festung" title="Festung">Festung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_gateway" title="Fortified gateway">Fortified gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatekeeper" title="Gatekeeper">Gatekeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loophole_(firearm)" title="Loophole (firearm)">Loophole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_redoubt" title="National redoubt">National redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palas" title="Palas">Palas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picket_(military)" title="Picket (military)">Picket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schloss" title="Schloss">Schloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench" title="Trench">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedette_(sentry)" title="Vedette (sentry)">Vedette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_of_government" title="Continuity of government">Continuity of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_urbanism" title="Military urbanism">Military urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_engine" title="Siege engine">Siege engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_siege_engines" title="List of siege engines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_guerrilla_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nobold">See also</span>: <b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fortification" title="Category:Fortification">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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