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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:197px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noam_Chomsky_(1977).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Noam_Chomsky_%281977%29.jpg/148px-Noam_Chomsky_%281977%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Noam_Chomsky_%281977%29.jpg/222px-Noam_Chomsky_%281977%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Noam_Chomsky_%281977%29.jpg/296px-Noam_Chomsky_%281977%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="2335" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:197px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michel_Foucault_1974_Brasil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Michel_Foucault_1974_Brasil.jpg/166px-Michel_Foucault_1974_Brasil.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Michel_Foucault_1974_Brasil.jpg/249px-Michel_Foucault_1974_Brasil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Michel_Foucault_1974_Brasil.jpg/332px-Michel_Foucault_1974_Brasil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Chomsky–Foucault debate</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debate</a> about <a href="/wiki/Human_nature" title="Human nature">human nature</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven_University_of_Technology" title="Eindhoven University of Technology">Eindhoven University of Technology</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, on 22 October 1971 at 7:30 p.m. The debate was broadcast on 28 November 1971 at 9:30 p.m. Chomsky and Foucault were invited by the Dutch philosopher <a href="/wiki/Fons_Elders" title="Fons Elders">Fons Elders</a> to discuss an age-old question: "is there such a thing as 'innate' <a href="/wiki/Human_nature" title="Human nature">human nature</a> independent of our experiences and external influences?"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debate">Debate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chomsky%E2%80%93Foucault_debate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the moderator summarized the topic: "All learning concerning man, ranging from history to linguistics and psychology, are faced with the question [of] whether in the last instance, we are the product of all kinds of external factors, or if, in spite of our differences, we have something we could call a common human nature by which we can call each other human beings."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a> assumed opposing viewpoints on the question. Chomsky argued human nature was real, and identified it with innate structures of the human mind, consistent with his theory of <a href="/wiki/Universal_grammar" title="Universal grammar">universal grammar</a>. Foucault explained the same phenomena by reference to human <a href="/wiki/Social_structure" title="Social structure">social structures</a>. </p><p>For example, while acknowledging that it would be futile to try to accurately predict the nature of a post-revolutionary society, Chomsky maintained that it still is worthwhile to engage in the task of theory construction. Even if they cannot provide a complete picture of a future society, theories can still offer a vision and a sense of direction for revolutionary struggle. Foucault replied to this by questioning the basis of such theories. According to him, our conceptions of human nature are acquired from our own society, civilization and culture. He gave, as an example of this, late 19th and early 20th century Marxism which, according to Foucault, borrowed its conception of happiness from bourgeois society. Ideas about sexuality, family life and aesthetics were borrowed from bourgeois examples. Foucault maintained that in adopting a certain conception of human nature we risk reconstituting old power relations in a post-revolutionary society, to which Chomsky replied: "Our concept of human nature is certainly limited, partial, socially conditioned, constrained by our own character defects and the limitations of the intellectual culture in which we exist, yet at the same time it's of critical importance that we have some direction, that we know what impossible goals we're trying to achieve, if we hope to achieve some of the possible goals."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the debate, Foucault was critical of what he saw as the hidden political power of seemingly neutral institutions. According to him, power is viewed in European society as something which belongs to institutions of political power (such as the government) and related sectors of society such as the state apparatus, police and the army. But according to Foucault, institutions such as the family, schools, universities, medicine and psychiatry all serve to maintain power in the hands of one social class and exclude the other. He saw it as a central intellectual task to criticize such institutions: "It seems to me that the real political task in a society such as ours is to criticize the workings of institutions, which appear to be both neutral and independent; to criticize and attack them in such a manner that the political violence which has always exercised itself obscurely through them will be unmasked, so that one can fight against them."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chomsky agreed, adding that he concurs not only in theory but also in practice. However, according to him, the main institutions which have to be fought in modern society are economic: namely, financial institutions and multinational corporations. According to Chomsky, even if they present themselves as subject to the democracy of the market-place, they are still autocratic. Power is vested in a minority of owners and managers while the working majority have no real control over the operation of the corporation. According to Chomsky, such institutions gain their power from the domination of market forces in what he saw were the inegalitarian societies of the West. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chomsky%E2%80%93Foucault_debate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Innateness_hypothesis" title="Innateness hypothesis">Innateness hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky_bibliography_and_filmography" title="Noam Chomsky bibliography and filmography">Noam Chomsky bibliography and filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Noam_Chomsky" title="Political positions of Noam Chomsky">Political positions of Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterson%E2%80%93%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_debate" title="Peterson–Žižek debate">Peterson–Žižek debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searle-Derrida_debate" class="mw-redirect" title="Searle-Derrida debate">Searle-Derrida debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chomsky%E2%80%93Foucault_debate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107023347/https://www.onscenes.com/video/-noam-chomsky-michel-foucault-debate-on-human-nature-1971">"Noam Chomsky & Michel Foucault Debate - 'On human nature'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONscenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONscenes (page does not exist)">ONscenes</a></i>. 1971. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onscenes.com/video/-noam-chomsky-michel-foucault-debate-on-human-nature-1971">the original</a> on 7 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ONscenes&rft.atitle=Noam+Chomsky+%26+Michel+Foucault+Debate+-+%27On+human+nature%27&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onscenes.com%2Fvideo%2F-noam-chomsky-michel-foucault-debate-on-human-nature-1971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChomsky%E2%80%93Foucault+debate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/03/noam_chomsky_michel_foucault_debate_human_nature_power_in_1971.html">"Clash of the Titans: Noam Chomsky & Michel Foucault Debate Human Nature & Power on Dutch TV, 1971"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Open_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Culture">Open Culture</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Culture&rft.atitle=Clash+of+the+Titans%3A+Noam+Chomsky+%26+Michel+Foucault+Debate+Human+Nature+%26+Power+on+Dutch+TV%2C+1971&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openculture.com%2F2013%2F03%2Fnoam_chomsky_michel_foucault_debate_human_nature_power_in_1971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChomsky%E2%80%93Foucault+debate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artandeducation.net/classroom/video/66054/noam-chomsky-debates-with-michel-foucault-1971">"Noam Chomsky debates with Michel Foucault (1971) - Classroom - Art & Education"</a>. <i>artandeducation.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=artandeducation.net&rft.atitle=Noam+Chomsky+debates+with+Michel+Foucault+%281971%29+-+Classroom+-+Art+%26+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artandeducation.net%2Fclassroom%2Fvideo%2F66054%2Fnoam-chomsky-debates-with-michel-foucault-1971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChomsky%E2%80%93Foucault+debate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chomsky.info/1971xxxx/">"Human Nature: Justice versus Power"</a>. <i>chomsky.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chomsky.info&rft.atitle=Human+Nature%3A+Justice+versus+Power&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchomsky.info%2F1971xxxx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChomsky%E2%80%93Foucault+debate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5wuB_p63YM&feature=youtu.be">"Chomsky & Foucault - Justice versus Power - YouTube"</a>. <i>www.youtube.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.youtube.com&rft.atitle=Chomsky+%26+Foucault+-+Justice+versus+Power+-+YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJ5wuB_p63YM%26feature%3Dyoutu.be&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChomsky%E2%80%93Foucault+debate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chomsky%E2%80%93Foucault_debate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Chomsky-Foucault Debate: On Human Nature</i> (2006). The New Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1595581341" title="Special:BookSources/978-1595581341">978-1595581341</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkin1999" class="citation journal cs1">Wilkin, Peter (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10707">"Chomsky and Foucault on Human Nature and Politics: An Essential Difference?"</a>. <i>Social Theory and Practice</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 177–210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5840%2Fsoctheorpract199925217">10.5840/soctheorpract199925217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Theory+and+Practice&rft.atitle=Chomsky+and+Foucault+on+Human+Nature+and+Politics%3A+An+Essential+Difference%3F&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=177-210&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5840%2Fsoctheorpract199925217&rft.aulast=Wilkin&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbura.brunel.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F2438%2F10707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChomsky%E2%80%93Foucault+debate" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chomsky%E2%80%93Foucault_debate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wfNl2L0Gf8">Debate Noam Chomsky & Michel Foucault - On human nature</a> (<a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">Yotube</a>, from Dutch TV 1971, English subtitles can be turned on by clicking on an icon below the frame)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chomsky.info/1971xxxx">Transcript of the debate</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Michel_Foucault" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michel_Foucault" title="Template:Michel Foucault"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michel_Foucault" title="Template talk:Michel Foucault"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michel_Foucault" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michel Foucault"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michel_Foucault" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mental_Illness_and_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental Illness and Psychology">Mental Illness and Psychology</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madness_and_Civilization" title="Madness and Civilization">Madness and Civilization</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_the_Clinic" title="The Birth of the Clinic">The Birth of the Clinic</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i>Death and the Labyrinth</i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Order_of_Things" title="The Order of Things">The Order of Things</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i>This Is Not a Pipe</i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Archaeology_of_Knowledge" title="The Archaeology of Knowledge">The Archaeology of Knowledge</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discipline_and_Punish" title="Discipline and Punish">Discipline and Punish</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Sexuality" title="The History of Sexuality">The History of Sexuality</a></i> (1976–2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays, lectures,<br /> dialogues and<br />anthologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Kant%27s_Anthropology" title="Introduction to Kant's Anthropology">Introduction to Kant's Anthropology</a></i> (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_an_Author%3F" title="What Is an Author?">What Is an Author?</a>" (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foucault%27s_lectures_at_the_Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Foucault's lectures at the Collège de France">Foucault's lectures at the Collège de France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=I,_Pierre_Riviere,_Having_Slaughtered_My_Mother,_My_Sister_and_My_Brother&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I, Pierre Riviere, Having Slaughtered My Mother, My Sister and My Brother (page does not exist)">I, Pierre Riviere, Having Slaughtered My Mother, My Sister and My Brother</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language,_Counter-Memory,_Practice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Language, Counter-Memory, Practice (page does not exist)">Language, Counter-Memory, Practice</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herculine_Barbin_(Foucault)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herculine Barbin (Foucault) (page does not exist)">Herculine Barbin</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power/Knowledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Power/Knowledge (page does not exist)">Power/Knowledge</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remarks_on_Marx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remarks on Marx (page does not exist)">Remarks on Marx</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_D%C3%A9sordre_des_familles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Désordre des familles (page does not exist)">Le Désordre des familles</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Foucault_Reader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Foucault Reader (page does not exist)">The Foucault Reader</a></i> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_Enlightenment%3F_(Foucault)" title="What Is Enlightenment? (Foucault)">What Is Enlightenment?</a>" (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics,_Philosophy,_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politics, Philosophy, Culture (page does not exist)">Politics, Philosophy, Culture</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foucault_Live&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foucault Live (page does not exist)">Foucault Live</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Politics_of_Truth_(Foucault)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Politics of Truth (Foucault) (page does not exist)">The Politics of Truth</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_Must_Be_Defended&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society Must Be Defended (page does not exist)">Society Must Be Defended</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethics:_Subjectivity_and_Truth_(Essential_Works_Volume_1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth (Essential Works Volume 1) (page does not exist)">Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth (Essential Works Volume 1)</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aesthetics,_Method,_Epistemology_(Essential_Works_Volume_2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aesthetics, Method, Epistemology (Essential Works Volume 2) (page does not exist)">Aesthetics, Method, Epistemology (Essential Works Volume 2)</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abnormal_(Foucault)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abnormal (Foucault) (page does not exist)">Abnormal</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_(Essential_Works_Volume_3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Power (Essential Works Volume 3) (page does not exist)">Power (Essential Works Volume 3)</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fearless_Speech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fearless Speech (page does not exist)">Fearless Speech</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hermeneutics_of_the_Subject" title="The Hermeneutics of the Subject">The Hermeneutics of the Subject</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Essential_Foucault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Essential Foucault (page does not exist)">The Essential Foucault</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychiatric_Power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychiatric Power (page does not exist)">Psychiatric Power</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Security,_Territory,_Population" title="Security, Territory, Population">Security, Territory, Population</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_Biopolitics" title="The Birth of Biopolitics">The Birth of Biopolitics</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Government_of_Self_and_Others&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Government of Self and Others (page does not exist)">The Government of Self and Others</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Courage_of_Truth" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courage of Truth">The Courage of Truth</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_the_Will_to_Know&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lectures on the Will to Know (page does not exist)">Lectures on the Will to Know</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=On_the_Government_of_the_Living&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On the Government of the Living (page does not exist)">On the Government of the Living</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjectivity_and_Truth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjectivity and Truth (page does not exist)">Subjectivity and Truth</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wrong-Doing,_Truth-Telling" title="Wrong-Doing, Truth-Telling">Wrong-Doing, Truth-Telling</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=On_the_Punitive_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On the Punitive Society (page does not exist)">On the Punitive Society</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-psychiatry" title="Anti-psychiatry">Anti-psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author_function" title="Author function">Author function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopolitics" title="Biopolitics">Biopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopower" title="Biopower">Biopower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carceral_archipelago" title="Carceral archipelago">Carceral archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_imperialism" title="Cultural imperialism">Cultural imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_institution" title="Disciplinary institution">Disciplinary institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discontinuity_(Postmodernism)" title="Discontinuity (Postmodernism)">Discontinuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_analysis" title="Discourse analysis">Discourse analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispositif" title="Dispositif">Dispositif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecogovernmentality" title="Ecogovernmentality">Ecogovernmentality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episteme" title="Episteme">Episteme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_(philosophy)" title="Genealogy (philosophy)">Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governmentality" title="Governmentality">Governmentality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterotopia_(space)" title="Heterotopia (space)">Heterotopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdiscourse" title="Interdiscourse">Interdiscourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limit-experience" title="Limit-experience">Limit-experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrhesia" title="Parrhesia">Parrhesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Power (social and political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postsexualism" title="Postsexualism">Postsexualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapere_aude" title="Sapere aude">Sapere aude</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Cogito_and_the_History_of_Madness" title="Cogito and the History of Madness">Cogito and the History of Madness</a>" (Derrida)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foucauldian_discourse_analysis" title="Foucauldian discourse analysis">Foucauldian discourse analysis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foucault_(Deleuze_book)" title="Foucault (Deleuze book)">Foucault</a></i> (Deleuze)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Michel_Foucault" title="The Passion of Michel Foucault">The Passion of Michel Foucault</a></i> (Miller)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Giorgio Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gutting" title="Gary Gutting">Gary Gutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lemke_(sociologist)" title="Thomas Lemke (sociologist)">Thomas Lemke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Miller_(academic)" title="James Miller (academic)">James Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rabinow" title="Paul Rabinow">Paul Rabinow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Raffestin" title="Claude Raffestin">Claude Raffestin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolas_Rose" title="Nikolas Rose">Nikolas Rose</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foucault_in_Iran" title="Foucault in Iran">Foucault in Iran</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault_bibliography" title="Michel Foucault bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foucault%E2%80%93Habermas_debate" title="Foucault–Habermas debate">Foucault–Habermas debate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chomsky–Foucault debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defert" title="Daniel Defert">Daniel Defert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ewald" title="François Ewald">François Ewald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sheridan" title="Alan Sheridan">Alan Sheridan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Noam_Chomsky" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Noam_Chomsky" title="Template:Noam Chomsky"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Noam_Chomsky" title="Template talk:Noam Chomsky"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Noam_Chomsky" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Noam Chomsky"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Noam_Chomsky" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky_bibliography_and_filmography" title="Noam Chomsky bibliography and filmography">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chomsky_hierarchy" title="Chomsky hierarchy">Chomsky hierarchy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Colorless_green_ideas_sleep_furiously" title="Colorless green ideas sleep furiously">Colorless green ideas sleep furiously</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_honorary_degrees_awarded_to_Noam_Chomsky" title="List of honorary degrees awarded to Noam Chomsky">Honorary degrees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Noam_Chomsky" title="Political positions of Noam Chomsky">Political positions</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Select<br />bibliography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linguistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Syntactic_Structures" title="Syntactic Structures">Syntactic Structures</a></i> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Current_Issues_in_Linguistic_Theory" title="Current Issues in Linguistic Theory">Current Issues in Linguistic Theory</a></i> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aspects_of_the_Theory_of_Syntax" title="Aspects of the Theory of Syntax">Aspects of the Theory of Syntax</a></i> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_linguistics" title="Cartesian linguistics">Cartesian Linguistics</a></i> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Language_and_Mind" title="Language and Mind">Language and Mind</a></i> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Pattern_of_English" title="The Sound Pattern of English">The Sound Pattern of English</a></i> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Remarks_on_Nominalization" title="Remarks on Nominalization">Remarks on Nominalization</a>" (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Conditions_on_Transformations" title="Conditions on Transformations">Conditions on Transformations</a>" (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Reflections_on_Language" title="Reflections on Language">Reflections on Language</a></i> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Logical_Structure_of_Linguistic_Theory" title="The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory">The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory</a></i> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lectures_on_Government_and_Binding" title="Lectures on Government and Binding">Lectures on Government and Binding</a></i> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_of_Language" title="Knowledge of Language">Knowledge of Language</a></i> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_program" title="Minimalist program">The Minimalist Program</a></i> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Horizons_in_the_Study_of_Language_and_Mind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind (page does not exist)">New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind</a></i> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_Responsibility_of_Intellectuals" title="The Responsibility of Intellectuals">The Responsibility of Intellectuals</a>" (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/American_Power_and_the_New_Mandarins" title="American Power and the New Mandarins">American Power and the New Mandarins</a></i> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/For_Reasons_of_State" title="For Reasons of State">For Reasons of State</a></i> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Counter-Revolutionary_Violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-Revolutionary Violence">Counter-Revolutionary Violence</a></i> (1973), with <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Herman" title="Edward S. Herman">Edward S. Herman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fateful_Triangle" title="The Fateful Triangle">The Fateful Triangle</a></i> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Consent" title="Manufacturing Consent">Manufacturing Consent</a></i> (1988), with <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Herman" title="Edward S. Herman">Edward S. Herman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Necessary_Illusions" title="Necessary Illusions">Necessary Illusions</a></i> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Deterring_Democracy" title="Deterring Democracy">Deterring Democracy</a></i> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_Lexington" title="Letters from Lexington">Letters from Lexington</a></i> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prosperous_Few_and_the_Restless_Many" title="The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many">The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many</a></i> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/World_Orders_Old_and_New" title="World Orders Old and New">World Orders Old and New</a></i> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Objectivity_and_Liberal_Scholarship" title="Objectivity and Liberal Scholarship">Objectivity and Liberal Scholarship</a></i> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hegemony_or_Survival" title="Hegemony or Survival">Hegemony or Survival</a></i> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Failed_States:_The_Abuse_of_Power_and_the_Assault_on_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy">Failed States</a></i> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Requiem_for_the_American_Dream" title="Requiem for the American Dream">Requiem for the American Dream</a></i> (2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Class_Warfare" title="Class Warfare">Class Warfare</a></i> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Illusions" title="Middle East Illusions">Middle East Illusions</a></i> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Ambitions" title="Imperial Ambitions">Imperial Ambitions</a></i> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Interventions_(Chomsky_book)" title="Interventions (Chomsky book)">Interventions</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gaza_in_Crisis" title="Gaza in Crisis">Gaza in Crisis</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/9-11:_Was_There_An_Alternative%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="9-11: Was There An Alternative?">9-11: Was There An Alternative?</a></i> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Making_the_Future" title="Making the Future">Making the Future</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Occupy_(book)" title="Occupy (book)">Occupy</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=On_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On Palestine (page does not exist)">On Palestine</a></i> (2015), with <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic<br />works about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Chomsky_(Lyons_book)" title="Chomsky (Lyons book)">Chomsky</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Chomsky%27s_Universal_Grammar:_An_Introduction" title="Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction">Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Decoding_Chomsky" title="Decoding Chomsky">Decoding Chomsky</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky:_A_Life_of_Dissent" title="Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent">Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Anti-Chomsky_Reader" title="The Anti-Chomsky Reader">The Anti-Chomsky Reader</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Companion_to_Chomsky" title="The Cambridge Companion to Chomsky">The Cambridge Companion to Chomsky</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_Speech" title="The Kingdom of Speech">The Kingdom of Speech</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filmography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Consent_(film)" title="Manufacturing Consent (film)">Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media</a></i> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Party_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Party 2000">Last Party 2000</a></i> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_and_Terror:_Noam_Chomsky_in_Our_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Power and Terror: Noam Chomsky in Our Times (page does not exist)">Power and Terror: Noam Chomsky in Our Times</a></i> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distorted_Morality_%E2%80%93_America%27s_War_on_Terror%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distorted Morality – America's War on Terror? (page does not exist)">Distorted Morality – America's War on Terror?</a></i> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noam_Chomsky:_Rebel_Without_a_Pause&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noam Chomsky: Rebel Without a Pause (page does not exist)">Noam Chomsky: Rebel Without a Pause</a></i> (2003) (TV)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Peace,_Propaganda_%26_the_Promised_Land" title="Peace, Propaganda & the Promised Land">Peace, Propaganda & the Promised Land</a></i> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Is_the_Man_Who_Is_Tall_Happy%3F" title="Is the Man Who Is Tall Happy?">Is the Man Who Is Tall Happy?</a></i> (2013)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Chomsky" title="William Chomsky">William Chomsky</a> (father)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Chomsky" title="Carol Chomsky">Carol Chomsky</a> (deceased wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Valeria Wasserman (wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aviva_Chomsky" title="Aviva Chomsky">Aviva Chomsky</a> (daughter)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chomsky–Foucault debate</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chomsky–Foucault_debate&oldid=1257154426">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chomsky–Foucault_debate&oldid=1257154426</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Post-structuralism" title="Category:Post-structuralism">Post-structuralism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophical_debates" title="Category:Philosophical debates">Philosophical debates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Michel_Foucault" title="Category:Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Noam_Chomsky" title="Category:Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:November_1971_events_in_Europe" title="Category:November 1971 events in Europe">November 1971 events in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1971_in_the_Netherlands" title="Category:1971 in the Netherlands">1971 in the Netherlands</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2021">Use dmy dates from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 14:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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