CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91366aa1dbfe404e',cH: 'HrmhtAAHD_XSCYV6VyRpmKkoWjzUEYpLScAdVThe44I-1739802009-1.2.1.1-RqYktA08Lg.8ni8s2uX29WtgyJ_7UT3t_i.oVJL06QN6pjPCOHY01Cu_04rWVD84',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=tempered&__cf_chl_tk=di1U1KI6CKdeo.fS6y_pjG10gGFM.s3kkspv0EhlFqY-1739802009-1.0.1.1-w.Omc5SyXXp8jRHwCVJuioQT6emyMLVMWT8G8_rQcRU",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739802009',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=tempered&__cf_chl_f_tk=di1U1KI6CKdeo.fS6y_pjG10gGFM.s3kkspv0EhlFqY-1739802009-1.0.1.1-w.Omc5SyXXp8jRHwCVJuioQT6emyMLVMWT8G8_rQcRU",md: "9j7w6qDecLGbCvdyfjUTjKPyR6MCyB.oh9Q9A1TNCVo-1739802009-1.2.1.1-OcSOHt0WtMRUITd_bHwt5T80ZXId9S6BR_YHMFTFLeMu3ECeUZTXe2av7zPyTAHFLgUhtiEeRNGd.H6oycr8wS_ER_.xhAOTB2VU45plGMIWxB6kSJX6tayl2rdnMpAulcVg9WBruQ5DfaGiUNc5Xan.ki25THhbaesCHhof26eVyydvDhn3Y35PJHHY5Jb9nlpLtUWaOwJz3PEtfyPyX6MO2h5EwGxzq5OhoK.L11jX6hGXM2BsrMZVM70Po3ZHTs6JEIrjACYxXKAxc3C.ZuhRNlmZS20ulDrJEo9DlcUidzzgV8kIc0yZoQUbtIuWmdYTYN9uCqaN0SG.XCl3FW6g89GcGHzy2FEgra.7jFjoXI.77Lq0jnRtzBKvIwKSh3mlyZIWPTTxIIljGdObr.OjROP0ihllkdUJO.CBxDzXm0zWvnkS10_e5CNikrzFZmnUzOqQhxnjNJ01Iva9gqS8nJ5CKf9UehCqu9W.Cm0DZkKaBYpVEnhFfw9YsHBcq0hGW8fk7qUAPeogmnf8K.lVz8PQNgYp4TK0SUz6R0GCFN0P8exXKdYPZzCkVspubRfsRhRMGA8997khlvKELtOiUALhquf4xU0_3f0EAhdUBPKAV4HNKh4faP0YTq_MkfIUTxlNKReZu82_sSQRJKiGmC6eDQ8zQgEyHTftAXDkfMvvvEHXueV2LLtgPQDaTLuPycI_GVTMROoJ1pftZegJ.1O50QUnDYpsAaQRoAn23o3Iwawy4_wCtpOKp2.nj.2p4R34uYRxM9jcuvCzy4bB4qNEWtqdkDRdl94LQcU4UxeYaUbJM9ZHzSWdQ013Er2leZWqsZEpWmlvEc0c4At268F5pqJUPEH_GxvkXeVlc.JK5SUDKZ1L1aZoe0i.IG1B4BNsGMEKRLzq6SNmLrR7GBrVs2dBKS2csGdcfIT7Vau0O5WC6NIOiaV66GltxCnWqSjFF8QJteekbDvzJ.Ixp.t82DzcF.R2VJHyRsQIsSW8Ee.bsEGiGHY54yukPGigQS7C248fr.WOd.Epz8er4FGQeo1_zxeSWDT5cvHQm8aJhiBja5K9FpRN07IbwIOZG3GHQRDVJvTXF6NrhDLGa5y29IkbntBMWi4pfnHATfWvsGYnn5mAbUgZ4EIY5c.b1mS1THKeXxhZXG8lb_7sMhM0OSc3GwMVP3bmraB0HA0KBqi2wbqW2LM8Iel1yAzoBd7zGZCOPrimf9LOoEO79h4rGegx.q334no5xTHaaztEV1V06miwC7TqkJwpaJHKn_v3JmUaxJQSQoyqk09wtnQCx_8FYr2flPlRfL7Xc.vi_QYVGueRF9FeZ70xNkYV1vVzqvYGjm5Sup8w9IJpNFC6Hg9T411AVydQYd5oFW9t8ALWA6xmPWDYGNXCfSvFz1hvH2m9xTWF8PMOUe4rNIJHfAW8kBshY_IdXWc2kZjc6IKgQL1yD9FePdEB0wV0N52p6Ly2mVlVyE1ocoX5UbaHlHxXbu9TH9KDhb4oNseO1X6.Mt6p0exObD_D3jKxhLP_jOlZaZgUlw9Zo_DOUrZU2cJ8YQqy0qdzzaarh.D.H7egoWUbVsXbXUE32Tim1IhvOvjQbGmg95EESa_quSJK2Igjv6k7Xu.BefYUiAVKo4RBn7IP6qtapONHdicaGq8PjU5ygVe6KPOZIat_ovX4B09cHlrNrNeHyGWUPm91GMnlt4_EfVQRuuJEGk.9dUWIEfjpUu1a7dL15MY1FN.o.iuWyLvFpyQmWzJSSMu66DPj6HCFWKbxeoz8RKkQ2bbXwJvGlGUdAWPrWgGVI5UeApw0or7JoRReutvgCOD6HEq1cw9Lq_JrKvbVLNiDrOMLWD_JZ0ikkJoFOsx5uBJu0X1BM_1TLpAunqBxI.VxK0pwIyPKx7CUKvW0QesbXCL0A2Ig4DzV5ndO_g",mdrd: "hBkvrtmLgKEpc0d4dslRpLloYoQpgudtfydEXW9nGpE-1739802009-1.2.1.1-yaG57dmoyxUwc5gpN_W0xHGaD9qUSec_XOvNIgRUyGw7LOyRMmD4frJKqrXTPeXB2y4dlTdUtAZvL_z0ALMKx7rqDJDXVIpuxEwqxTJgYZ9oBI0xin.n01hCAOsd0Om.dQ3aEVih_MohLtPeb0CrCSC74ZDR8QrRJZH57qH7uHtmPFIT7FIC.kVLWM2MHvMEmIyZOGlwjwqw5hdYRSTIJ_5WcXFqwVyW3uZ0LBxFmq9yTgowQ2Rrq0kwus_8fMVLs.iP7gRYtLsFz2RDtzFK1NCqYfClSPw1vmd7weUKj02dibgTNoIQhRBhOGaxmANSCQAHKzHA2kuGVMaKEE9XwWvXvM4wEFWokv6L7tf5sFlGP9va.bW7.s_5Wfph.r_AxBr_5vnFDC4.3miQVsrDtq27ewsv0HpcbsWiUl5gctM3uALmedU6G36L93F0Iq7tc4E138kKOg1ijoZGuXc75.ZbzTSg9LcHT4Nd9bUPaz_iYC1tHfMbRCX9E82xSGJ3fzd8yH4WCJY4rKsBujFoCx1G9QyPRLU_tTXgmakGBnOnuegM4bhDeDqOnIr9BasKaYRlnxPebh4kgVJv7QrIq6mSStC3_gk3P844ZCNBDxKhgE0qX2Lwo1FJJn0WfKiaMYAhGeyrDxo20bZ7lR5ajaj8_t6ExhhUt2cR3ivlttiNc9KeCc.jqk54MhBuHjT3ebMAMI9Xno_b16_zFTviTp1gXIQPuoMduobSJ0aPWt60OqaefSLSZ0oNDXYechVgBQV4tHj2NIeCVuxAkr_GRPjmTEzxNypI9bXZm6ycFWFrEttgIQWZtJi1HoW8hYCi_Tdd5nZ_hBs1cyd8HwTAs5mRdVyarPPysDYqAGUvKgZiA3nvxGEJYPpSytb6774zaH9CP8y0NMc1b4k1JzlMiU80XGCwgUgX7UP8z2jsi41M.xcz19D3iYDjTNJHEEQ9QtCykRmBDBJVCS_Uwg9rHHG4FUhJ95GCWapSxPaD7goW2IITqI8gQx0H3o9Uc1ur_zU4pnrPuOJlkz8iYtnZVqoKp3Ie6Rbw4zWBtu_ZhcCWNxbLTbrW2tZ5jx_Pjv3FofomdJORhjiXUUQgbw5gJkLAmn7ftn.BuxjRS7S6VNqvZ0B65bhPwShn1TKFpz1aaaJ_8JtAhqza80OZmWWd_isQ2yi00aqhsSok0qMQfFEkkWcQyZi0n8rFrMZxbuy979.tcBJlvkZBzyp_j8WAA9YXBZFF8UXt49xJAXELZb9o4ONyV4vCtyEIGVdQc6zHeU793O.qkm8VVhgakTNeYEyn4SRyJH0ZjleKatnV2oliciRNHiypuVXQ9rVF5dnYToSJrF0iBoUfbdGgDZHHPwr73qams.DNIYaT3kZHPxDzHJuOBQHDaos39eaQlGEdedovPaa6k2B69bKqrI.cmk_Vt.171Y.uOynqDvIkWewLYpnt0CRKNqCSC61w04QNTcCshnRug6A3Y_tuVuSiPc8xNwgog9pxn_4K0r46p0UVIr2G0CxgupHaZwyGQjnvpQnEIzvLhWH.ebXRRn.IX43QhaNQjOhZiXOFy_sA2vt3pVi4kNDXrFqW19RWB33bxoJaEZiUHjsyO1WMODKLDNt_ufDqFWbd0gxNG4d5qBzLxB50iikymL_sB8A2UV_mHlXPAgssAewoMZg6qXWx4qU.2sa22RXTaVzmT9dDYJPIGe1SL6MZRUBX2HVJgSQphEz7IFZt2UpSLYzhkRIAWZv7OHNvgLi1ZxTH5MLTrHmJ5cWLzF.ZSq90C4eEJhJ4UsQlxiGPCm_CuFm3xzRmvProB.EZ4adKPZD6Lu3kVQV6cOm8rk6kdP4DkxY8uFjswICW6wa3EAtnbqKpHMUHAecNpz2oc.GJL_YD2lByxnn0d2dMxbfOoyor6LNA9nTdRGOsE_6ZzO1935iySf09SCv.XrcXdTQc69HV.AyLdW142.GU.oc2.qTicDqgWZP6o_c.RCGIg3ejjYNxISJr2A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91366aa1dbfe404e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=tempered&__cf_chl_rt_tk=di1U1KI6CKdeo.fS6y_pjG10gGFM.s3kkspv0EhlFqY-1739802009-1.0.1.1-w.Omc5SyXXp8jRHwCVJuioQT6emyMLVMWT8G8_rQcRU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>