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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #006B3F; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#006B3F"><b>Party Like It's 632</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam"><font size="5" color="White"><b>Islam</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam"><img alt="Icon islam.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/6/62/Icon_islam.svg/100px-Icon_islam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/6/62/Icon_islam.svg/150px-Icon_islam.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/6/62/Icon_islam.svg/200px-Icon_islam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#006B3F; text-align:center;"><b>Turning towards Mecca</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghazali" title="Ghazali">Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_Watch" title="Islamophobia Watch">Islamophobia Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Answering_Islam" title="Answering Islam">Answering Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everybody_Draw_Mohammed_Day" title="Everybody Draw Mohammed Day">Everybody Draw Mohammed Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-F%C4%81r%C4%81b%C4%AB" title="Al-Fārābī">Al-Fārābī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elevated_Places" title="The Elevated Places">The Elevated Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Naik" title="Zakir Naik">Zakir Naik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IslamQA" title="IslamQA">IslamQA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_ul-Rahman_Lomax" title="Abd ul-Rahman Lomax">Abd ul-Rahman Lomax</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamnav" title="Template:Islamnav">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamnav" title="Template talk:Islamnav">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Islamnav&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sharia</b> (Arabic <b>شريعة</b>, lit. "the way") is <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> law covering conduct in all aspects of life, though nowadays it is primarily applied in commercial and personal relationships. There are multiple schools of sharia jurisprudence, each, of course, claiming to be the correct understanding. Sharia is not codified, and is best thought instead as a way to enforce laws based on the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadiths</a>. Sharia is commonly and incorrectly labeled "<b>sharia law</b>" when it should simply be written as <i>sharia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[note 1]</a></sup> It is roughly analogous to <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">halakha</a> in Judaism. </p><p>Many Muslims consider it a good idea for <a href="/wiki/Moral" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral">moral</a> guidance. But in some countries under sharia, <i>Mutaween</i> (religious police) enforce the practice of the law. </p><p>When assessing sharia, however, it is important to remember that it is not a single thing. Every country that implements some form of "sharia" does so differently, in terms of the strictness of the laws, the specifics of the laws, and whether or not the laws apply to non-Muslims. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Religious_law"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Religious law</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Wahhabi-Salafist"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Wahhabi-Salafist</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Implementation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Implementation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Creeping_sharia_in_America"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Creeping sharia in America</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Sharia_in_Britain"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sharia in Britain</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Sharia_in_Canada"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sharia in Canada</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Religious_law">Religious law</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Religious law">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Unlike <a href="/wiki/Secular" title="Secular">secular</a> laws, sharia is based on <a href="/wiki/Religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious">religious</a> teachings, and is seen by <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">traditionalists</a> as a reflection of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">God</a>’s will. The precepts of sharia reach beyond criminal law and provide conventions for many other aspects of life, such as <a href="/wiki/Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Diet">diet</a>, clothing, and regulated <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Women are expected to be obedient</a>, husbands may <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">beat their wives even for suspected but unproved arrogance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[note 2]</a></sup> but those who disagree with this can argue that "the best example was the Messenger himself [Mohammed] never beating a woman".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[2]</a></sup> On top of that, there's a strong case to be made that "sharia" can and should be considered primarily a guide to personal morality, with its prescriptions for social laws being subject to override by civil authorities if it's in the public interest — and there's also a decent case that it's not.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a></sup><sup><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_links" title="Category:Articles with dead links"><span title=" Dead link since November 2018">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup> In other words, the sharia is a mess — nobody's really sure what it's supposed to be (some people say they're sure, but we call these people <a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic extremism">extremists</a> when we're being polite) or how it's supposed to be applied. It makes the <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> arguments over the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a> look small by comparison. </p><p>There are at least five main interpretations of sharia. They are largely based on common precepts, but are by no means identical: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanafi" class="extiw" title="wp:Hanafi" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Hanafi">Hanafi</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>. Generally predominant in Central <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbali" class="extiw" title="wp:Hanbali" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Hanbali">Hanbali</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (Sunni. Generally predominant in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%27fari_jurisprudence" class="extiw" title="wp:Ja'fari jurisprudence" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Ja'fari jurisprudence">Jaafari</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a>. Generally predominant in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki" class="extiw" title="wp:Maliki" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Maliki">Maliki</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (Sunni. Generally predominant in Northern <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>.)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafi%E2%80%98i" class="extiw" title="wp:Shafi‘i" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Shafi‘i">Shafi‘i</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (Sunni. Generally predominant in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>.)</li></ul> <p>Other Muslim scholars interpret the Qu'ran in much more moderate ways than the extremists.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wahhabi-Salafist">Wahhabi-Salafist</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wahhabi-Salafist">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The Hanbali school is the forerunner of the modern <a href="/wiki/Wahhabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahhabi">Wahhabi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Salafist" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafist">Salafist</a> school dominant in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>. It views the Qur'an and Hadith as true and correct and not open to interpretation. <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">Logic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reasoning" title="Reasoning">reasoning</a> are believed to open the way to human desire, distortion, and deviancy. Human desire will compromise human interests with religious truth. </p><p>Quentin Wotorowitz describes how Salafis arrive at legal judgments that affect all aspects of contemporary society, culture, and governance:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>Salafis like to approach the process of applying religious principles to contemporary issues and problems as though it is a scientific enterprise governed by the hard laws of nature (in this case divinity). The Salafi creed outlines the rules for generating religious opinions to ensure that conclusions are methodologically sound and based on solid evidence from the Qur’an, Sunna, and consensus of the companions. This creed, Salafis assume, eliminates (or at least limits) the potential of human bias and error by structuring the process of deduction and the criteria for acceptable findings according to the Prophetic model. In a way, it is a positivistic approach that eschews normative <a href="/wiki/Ambiguity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambiguity">ambiguity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moral_relativism" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral relativism">relativism</a>, and the possibility of multiple truths. If one follows the method and procedures of the Salafi creed, the expectation is that religious rulings represent the unadulterated and singular truth of God’s will because they rely on the original and pure sources of Islam. </p><p>In this endeavor, Salafis frequently exhibit the arrogance of scientific certitude. Because there is only one straight path and saved sect, the Salafi creed and method are seen as inexorably producing the "correct" Islamic understanding. Conclusions are represented as the teleology of a process rooted solely in the sources of Islam. It is as though Muslims posit questions to a computer run by divine software. <i>Ipso facto</i>, all alternative conclusions are misguidance and reflect the interjection of human reasoning or a lack of religious training and knowledge, the glitches of inferior programming. In these circumstances, well-trained scholars are truly doing God’s work: they merely take contemporary questions and follow methodological rules set out by God. </p> </blockquote> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cairo Declaration on Human Rights">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>In 1990, Muslim majority nations criticized the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>' <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> for being a secularized version of <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a> principles. They released a "sharia-compatible" version of the declaration called the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a></sup> It's rather ambiguous on a number of <a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">rights</a>. Article 1 states: </p> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>All human beings form one family whose members are united by their subordination to <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> and descent from <a href="/wiki/Adam" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam">Adam</a>. All men are equal in terms of basic human dignity and basic obligations and responsibilities, without any discrimination on the basis of race, color, language, belief, sex, religion, political affiliation, social status, or other considerations. The true religion is the guarantee for enhancing such dignity along the path to human integrity.</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>While Article 10 states: </p> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Islam is the religion of true unspoiled nature. It is prohibited to exercise any form of pressure on man or to exploit his poverty or ignorance in order to force him to change his religion to another religion or to <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a>.</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Humanist_and_Ethical_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Humanist and Ethical Union">International Humanist and Ethical Union</a> criticized the Declaration for limiting <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">speech</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">Blasphemy</a>, for example, is still punishable by death in some areas in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">apostasy</a> is punishable by death in some countries, including Iran and Saudi Arabia. The most infamous incident relating to this is probably <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Khomeini" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a>'s call for the execution of <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Implementation">Implementation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Implementation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Haziq-Ul-Khairi_Chief_Justice_Federal_Shariat_Court_of_Pakistan.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Haziq-Ul-Khairi_Chief_Justice_Federal_Shariat_Court_of_Pakistan.JPG/165px-Haziq-Ul-Khairi_Chief_Justice_Federal_Shariat_Court_of_Pakistan.JPG" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Haziq-Ul-Khairi_Chief_Justice_Federal_Shariat_Court_of_Pakistan.JPG/248px-Haziq-Ul-Khairi_Chief_Justice_Federal_Shariat_Court_of_Pakistan.JPG 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Haziq-Ul-Khairi_Chief_Justice_Federal_Shariat_Court_of_Pakistan.JPG/330px-Haziq-Ul-Khairi_Chief_Justice_Federal_Shariat_Court_of_Pakistan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Haziq-Ul-Khairi_Chief_Justice_Federal_Shariat_Court_of_Pakistan.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Haziq-Ul-Khairi, Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan</div></div></div> <p>The implementation of sharia varies across the globe. Saudi Arabia bases its <a href="/wiki/Legal" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal">legal</a> system heavily on its interpretations of sharia and has given sharia courts complete authority over jurisprudence. However, this is an uncommon feature, and many Muslim states use dual systems of secular and religious courts or only implement the sections of sharia that address financial and marital issues. Iran's government adheres to the Shi'a school of Islam and views sharia as a Sunni phenomenon. In practice, their laws are generally similar, but in <i>some</i> areas, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> are actually better in Iran when compared to Saudi Arabia. For example, only a certain brand of Islam is allowed in Saudi Arabia, whereas women in Iran must wear a headscarf (that is, the face may be uncovered) and most religious minorities are semi-protected. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">Corporal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishments</a> are common under the stricter interpretations of sharia, and much of the judgments are incomprehensible to <a href="/wiki/West" class="mw-redirect" title="West">Westerners</a>. In November 2007, a multiple <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a> victim in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> was sentenced to 200 lashes for initially being alone with a man who was not a relative. The victim's lawyer was suspended from the case as a result of the appeal, and his license was revoked.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a></sup> </p><p>Saudi interpretation of sharia has been strongly influenced by the dominant <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabist</a> movement and some claim that such cases cannot be seen as representative of Islam as such. Hence the significant outcry from "mainstream" Muslims about it, almost as loud as <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> denunciations of fundamentalists...oh, wait. </p><p>On 1 May 2014, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> became the first Southeast Asian state to introduce strict sharia, which applies to both Muslims and non-Muslims. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Creeping_sharia_in_America">Creeping sharia in America</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Creeping sharia in America">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>i often disagree with DigimonOtis, but his efforts to keep Sharia Law out of the donkey kong 64 wiki are much needed in this world of danger</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—wint<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[note 3]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharia-law-Billboard.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Sharia-law-Billboard.jpg/165px-Sharia-law-Billboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="75" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Sharia-law-Billboard.jpg/248px-Sharia-law-Billboard.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Sharia-law-Billboard.jpg/330px-Sharia-law-Billboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="241" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharia-law-Billboard.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An anti-sharia billboard in the US, 2008</div></div></div> <p>"Creeping sharia" is a fairly recent <a href="/wiki/Wingnut" title="Wingnut">wingnut</a> <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a> peddled by the likes of <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Geller" title="Pamela Geller">Pamela Geller</a> that asserts Muslims are implementing sharia in <a href="/wiki/American" class="mw-redirect" title="American">American</a> court systems. Alternatively, it's a reaction to what has happened in other nations. This fear has been stoked by comments from politicians such as <a href="/wiki/Sharron_Angle" title="Sharron Angle">Sharron Angle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> and manifested in the <a href="/wiki/Park51" title="Park51">Park51</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halal_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Halal soup">Halal soup</a> incidents, as well as legislation passed in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> banning the use of sharia in state courts<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a></sup> and efforts to prevent the opening of a mosque in Murfreesboro, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gaffney" title="Frank Gaffney">Frank Gaffney</a> has also touted "<a href="/wiki/PIDOOMA" title="PIDOOMA">research</a>" that supposedly proves that the Muslims are taking over the judicial system.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">Ironically</a>, many people raising the alarm about sharia <a href="/wiki/American_Taliban" class="mw-redirect" title="American Taliban">share the homophobic, misogynist, religiously intolerant attitudes of extremist groups which do not agree with actual modern sharia practiced by nonviolent Muslims</a>. References to the Qur'an in US judicial rulings are in fact rare, whereas references to the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> are widespread.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sharia_in_Britain">Sharia in Britain</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sharia in Britain">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_against_Sharia_in_the_United_Kingdom_2014.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Protest_against_Sharia_in_the_United_Kingdom_2014.jpg/165px-Protest_against_Sharia_in_the_United_Kingdom_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="110" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Protest_against_Sharia_in_the_United_Kingdom_2014.jpg/248px-Protest_against_Sharia_in_the_United_Kingdom_2014.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Protest_against_Sharia_in_the_United_Kingdom_2014.jpg/330px-Protest_against_Sharia_in_the_United_Kingdom_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="801" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_against_Sharia_in_the_United_Kingdom_2014.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A protest against sharia in the United Kingdom, 2014</div></div></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Britain">Britain</a>, Sharia courts have no legal standing any more than Jewish beth din or your mate with a gavel. Still, Muslims may accept their verdicts either for religious reasons or through community or family pressure or intimidation, including violence.<sup id="cite_ref-ukgov2018report_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukgov2018report-20">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-humanismuk_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humanismuk-21">[18]</a></sup> Sharia is implemented in the UK by Muslim Arbitration Tribunals, which were introduced in 2007, and sharia councils, which have existed since 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a></sup> These courts deal exclusively in civil law, and only in cases where both parties consent to the use of sharia. In areas of law such as divorce settlements, a civil court must still sign off on the verdict after a sharia court has ruled.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a></sup> </p><p>While these courts have no legal standing, Muslims can be pressured to accept the verdicts, particularly in divorce cases, where Islamic marriages are not properly registered and hence not recognized by civil authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-humanismuk_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humanismuk-21">[18]</a></sup> Those who do not consent to the use of sharia can be illegally coerced into cooperating by threat, intimidation, or the ostracization of being a "<a href="/wiki/Infidel" title="Infidel">kafir</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a></sup> Similar concerns have also been raised about other religious courts, such as Jewish beth din.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, the Law Society issued a practice note instructing lawyers on how to prepare Sharia-compliant wills.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a></sup> This note was strongly opposed by the Lawyers' Secular Society<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a></sup> and was later withdrawn.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a></sup> In January 2013, there were incidents described in the media as "<a href="/wiki/Muslim_Patrol" title="Muslim Patrol">Muslim Patrols</a>" where some <a href="/wiki/Vigilante" title="Vigilante">vigilantes</a> claimed to be imposing sharia, including on non-Muslims, by confronting <a href="/wiki/Gays" class="mw-redirect" title="Gays">gays</a>, women in miniskirts, and <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" title="Alcohol">alcohol</a> drinkers.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a></sup> These incidents were not recognized by the UK government as anything other than the acts of criminal gangs. Nonetheless, <a href="/wiki/Islamophobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamophobe">Islamophobes</a> frequently cite these as being somehow connected to the legal arbitration courts.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, sharia councils have been used increasingly in the UK, and there are claims some of them act unfairly toward women, legitimizing <a href="/wiki/Marriage#Forced_marriage" title="Marriage">forced marriages</a> and issuing discriminatory <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorces</a> to women. There are claims that some women were victims of inequitable decisions. In 2016, then-Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> launched an official inquiry into the relationship of sharia law to the secular justice system, led by Mona Siddiqui. At the time, May claimed there was only one rule of law in the UK, stating that there would be a review of whether sharia discriminates against women, and also "whether, and to what extent, the application of Sharia law may be incompatible with the law in England and Wales".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a></sup> There were serious concerns about the inclusion of theologians and fundamentalists in the review, as well as doubts over its impartiality.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a></sup> </p> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>We had hoped and understood that the inquiry into these alarming developments – that are conveniently ignored by some civil rights campaigners who decry state but not fundamentalist abuse of power – would be truly independent. However, we are now dismayed to learn that far from examining the key connections between religious fundamentalism and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a>, the narrow remit of the inquiry will render it a whitewash; and instead of human rights experts and campaigners, it is to be chaired and advised by theologians. The danger is that the inquiry is setting out with a pre-determined objective that will approve the expansion of the role of Sharia and religious arbitration forums and their jurisdiction over family matters in minority communities, albeit with a little tweaking to make it more palatable to the state.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—Open letter to Theresa May<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The inquiry reported in 2018; it recommended that all marriages in the UK should require civil registration, so they could not be conducted by religious leaders without official records or the legal protection that comes from a legally-recorded marriage. It also suggested an awareness campaign to tell Muslims that their Islamic marriages may not be officially recognized and better regulation of sharia councils.<sup id="cite_ref-nss2018_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nss2018-34">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ukgov2018report_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukgov2018report-20">[17]</a></sup> While they praised the recommendations as a small step in the right direction, the report was overall criticized by the <a href="/wiki/National_Secular_Society" title="National Secular Society">National Secular Society</a> for failing to fully protect women's rights and entangling religion and the secular authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-nss2018_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nss2018-34">[31]</a></sup> A requirement for civil registration is necessary because according to a 2017 report, the majority of UK Muslim marriages do not include a civil marriage recognized in UK law, leaving women unable to get what should be their legal right if the marriage breaks down.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a></sup> </p><p>Aside from these legitimate concerns, opposition to sharia law has also become a talisman of the far-right in the UK, despite the already-mentioned fact that sharia law has no legal status in the country. <a href="/wiki/UKIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UKIP">UKIP</a> have called for sharia law to be entirely banned.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a> rant incoherently about "the political ideology of Islam, which [...] seeks to subjugate us all under the barbaric rules of Sharia Law".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sharia_in_Canada">Sharia in Canada</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sharia in Canada">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In 2005, a <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> committee headed by former Attorney General Marion Boyd recommended allowing Muslims in the province of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> to establish sharia-based civil law tribunals (similar to religiously-based tribunals already in use by the province's <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews">Jews</a>). After a strong public outcry, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> Premier Dalton McGuinty vetoed the plan and moved to prohibit religious tribunals of <i>any</i> kind.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">Fatwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Law_for_All" title="One Law for All">One Law for All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_sharia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian sharia">Christian sharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/islsharia.htm">Sharia law: A brief introduction</a>, Religious Tolerance</li> <li>Gontowska, Luiza Maria, "Human Rights Violations Under the Sharia'a : A Comparative Study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran" (2005). Pace University Honors College Theses. Paper 13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/honorscollege_theses/13">Full text</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.matribunal.com/">Muslim Arbitration Tribunal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamic-sharia.org/">Islamic Sharia Council</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORQaH4DI15k&list=UUSsBnEeAbecbQucA0mmlolQ&index=1&feature=plcp">An Islamic happy marriage according to the Qur'an</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> quoting Tarik Ramadan of Oxford University <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22250412">How religions change their mind</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ispu.org/pdfs/ISPU_Report_ShariaDiversity_Final_web.pdf">Paper supporting the former proposition</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22640614">Viewpoint: What do radical Islamists actually believe in?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10576100500497004?src=recsys&journalCode=uter20">Anatomy of the Salafi Movement</a> by Quintan Wiktorowicz (2006), <i>Studies in Conflict & Terrorism</i> Volume 29, Issue 3, Pages 207-239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/cairodeclaration.html">Cairo Declaration of Human Rights</a>, Human Rights Library, University of Minnesota</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iheu.org/node/3162">IHEU statement on the declaration</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/malaysia/religious-conversion-sharia-law/p13552#p3">Religious Conversion and Sharia Law</a>, Council on Foreign Relations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/saudi/story/0,,2212583,00.html">Victim sentenced to be whipped - The Guardian</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://twitter.com/dril/status/892825482814771203">https://twitter.com/dril/status/892825482814771203</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/Oklahoma_%22Sharia_Law_Amendment%22,_State_Question_755_(2010)">Sharia Law Amendment</a>, Ballotpedia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religiondispatches.org/archive/politics/4335/welcome_to_the_shari%27ah_conspiracy_theory_industry">Welcome to the Shariah Conspiracy Theory Industry</a>, Religion Dispatches</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31shariah.html">The Man Behind the Anti-Shariah Movement</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/11/us-usa-tennessee-mosque-idUSBRE87A01P20120811">http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/11/us-usa-tennessee-mosque-idUSBRE87A01P20120811</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceblogs.com/dispatches/2011/06/the_fraudulent_sharia_in_ameri.php">The Fraudulent Sharia in American Courts "Study"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Brayton" title="Ed Brayton">Ed Brayton</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=952690">Quoting the Bible: The Use of Religious References in Judicial Decision-Making</a> by Sanja Zgonjanin (2005) <i>New York City Law Review</i>, Vol. 9, No. 31, Pages 31-91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukgov2018report-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukgov2018report_20-0">17.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ukgov2018report_20-1">17.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/applying-sharia-law-in-england-and-wales-independent-review">Applying sharia law in England and Wales: independent review</a>, UK Government website, 1 February 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-humanismuk-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-humanismuk_21-0">18.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-humanismuk_21-1">18.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanism.org.uk/campaigns/human-rights-and-equality/religious-courts/">Religious Courts</a>, Humanists UK, accessed 15 March 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onelawforall.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/New-Report-Sharia-Law-in-Britain_fixed.pdf">page 11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fullfact.org/law/uks-sharia-courts/">The UK's sharia courts</a>, FullFact.org, 3rd Aug 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.onelawforall.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/New-Report-Sharia-Law-in-Britain.pdf">[1]</a> Page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/scandal-of-women-trapped-in-marriages-by-jewish-courts-1765888.html">Scandal of women trapped in marriages by Jewish courts</a>, Independent, 1 Aug 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/10716844/Islamic-law-is-adopted-by-British-legal-chiefs.html">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lawyerssecularsociety.wordpress.com/2014/03/23/lss-condemns-law-societys-practice-note-on-sharia-compliant-wills/">"LSS condemns Law Society’s practice note on “Sharia compliant” wills"</a>. March 23, 2014.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=LSS+condemns+Law+Society%E2%80%99s+practice+note+on+%E2%80%9CSharia+compliant%E2%80%9D+wills&rft.atitle=&rft.date=March+23%2C+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawyerssecularsociety.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F03%2F23%2Flss-condemns-law-societys-practice-note-on-sharia-compliant-wills%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sharia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://lawyerssecularsociety.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/law-society-letter-to-lss-24-november-2014.pdf">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2013/jan/24/muslim-patrol-gang-arrests-homophobic-video">Muslim patrol gang: police arrest three more after homophobic video</a>, The Guardian, 24 Jan 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/these-misguided-muslim-sharia-squads-are-playing-right-into-the-edls-hands-8461901.html">These misguided Muslim ‘Sharia squads’ are playing right into the EDL's hands</a>, Hasnet Lais, The Independent, 23 January 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-36388560">Sharia law review to focus on fairness to UK women — Theresa May</a>, BBC, 26 May 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendemocracy.net/5050/gita-sahgal/sharia-security-and-church-in-uk-dangers-of-home-office-inquiry-into-sharia">Sharia, security and the church: dangers of the British Home Office Inquiry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.butterfliesandwheels.org/2016/a-fundamentalist-agenda-that-seeks-to-communalise-law-and-social-policy/">A fundamentalist agenda that seeks to communalize law and social policy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nss2018-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nss2018_34-0">31.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nss2018_34-1">31.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.secularism.org.uk/opinion/2018/02/the-government-should-be-wary-of-its-review-on-sharia-law">The Government should be wary of its review on sharia ‘law’</a>, National Secular Society, Feb 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/20/women-uk-islamic-wedding-legal-rights-civil-ceremony-marriage">Most women in the UK who have Islamic wedding miss out on legal rights</a>, The Guardian, 20 Nov 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/22/ukip-pledges-ban-burkas-outlaw-sharia-law-partys-election-manifesto/">Ukip pledges to ban the burka and outlaw Sharia law as party's election manifesto aims at core supporters</a>, The Daily Telegraph, 22 April 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newenglishreview.org/Tim_Burton/In_Defence_of_the_English_Defence_League/">In Defence of the English Defence League</a>, "M-CAT", New English Review, June 2013 (warning - far-right publication)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2005/09/09/sharia-protests-20050909.html">Ontario Premier Rejects Use of Shariah Law</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The term "sharia law" is similar to "chai tea" — that is to say, it's redundant. As far as Islam is concerned, "sharia" and "law" are synonyms, just as the word "chai" literally means "tea".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anyone who's familiar with the concept of <a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">paranoia</a> can see how that can turn catastrophic in a hurry, even if the husband in question doesn't consciously <i>intend</i> to treat his wife like cattle.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">To be fair, it is hard to imagine how Sharia law would be relevant in a discussion about <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="the_Qur.27an-navbox" style="clear:both;"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed autocollapse innercollapse outercollapse navbox nowraplinks" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#009958; color:white; text-align:center;"><div style="float:left;" class="navbar"><div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Qurbox" title="Template:Qurbox"><span style="color:white">v</span></a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Qurbox" title="Template talk:Qurbox"><span style="color:white">t</span></a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Qurbox&action=edit"><span style="color:white">e</span></a></div></div><span style="color:white; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Qur%27an" title="Category:Qur'an"><span style="color:white">Articles</span></a> about <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an"><span id="the_Qur.27an-navbox" style="color:white">the Qur'an</span></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#009958; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Suras" title="Category:Suras"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Suras:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/The_Ant" title="The Ant">The Ant</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Family_Of_Imran" title="The Family Of Imran">The Family Of Imran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Women_(sura)" title="Women (sura)">Women (sura)</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Cow" title="The Cow">The Cow</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Elevated_Places" title="The Elevated Places">The Elevated Places</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#009958; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Qur%27an_analysis" title="Category:Qur'an analysis"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Analysis:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_actions_prohibited_by_the_Qur%27an" title="List of actions prohibited by the Qur'an">List of actions prohibited by the Qur'an</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_scientific_foreknowledge" title="Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge">Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_scientific_errors" title="Qur'anic scientific errors">Qur'anic scientific errors</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_contradictions" title="Qur'anic contradictions">Qur'anic contradictions</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#009958; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Qur%27anic_scientific_foreknowledge" title="Category:Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Scientific foreknowledge:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/About_the_Rain_in_the_Qur%27an" title="About the Rain in the Qur'an">About the Rain in the Qur'an</a> • <a href="/wiki/From_Big_Bang_to_Big_Crunch" title="From Big Bang to Big Crunch">From Big Bang to Big Crunch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Water_is_a_must_have_for_having_life_in_any_planet_in_the_Universe" title="Water is a must have for having life in any planet in the Universe">Water is a must have for having life in any planet in the Universe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_scientific_foreknowledge" title="Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge">Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seven_Heavens_in_Quran" title="Seven Heavens in Quran">Seven Heavens in Quran</a> • <a href="/wiki/A_New_Astronomical_Quranic_Method_for_The_Determination_Of_The_Greatest_Speed_C" title="A New Astronomical Quranic Method for The Determination Of The Greatest Speed C">A New Astronomical Quranic Method for The Determination Of The Greatest Speed C</a> • <a href="/wiki/A_Scientist%27s_Interpretation_of_References_to_Embryology_in_the_Qur%27an" title="A Scientist's Interpretation of References to Embryology in the Qur'an">A Scientist's Interpretation of References to Embryology in the Qur'an</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Coming_of_the_Universe_into_Existence" title="The Coming of the Universe into Existence">The Coming of the Universe into Existence</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Conquest_of_Space" title="The Conquest of Space">The Conquest of Space</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Expansion_of_the_Universe" title="The Expansion of the Universe">The Expansion of the Universe</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Layers_of_the_Atmosphere" title="The Layers of the Atmosphere">The Layers of the Atmosphere</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Miracle_of_Honey" title="The Miracle of Honey">The Miracle of Honey</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_miracle_of_honey_as_an_alternative_medicine" title="The miracle of honey as an alternative medicine">The miracle of honey as an alternative medicine</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Weight_of_Clouds" title="The Weight of Clouds">The Weight of Clouds</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#009958; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Qur%27an" title="Category:Qur'an"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Other:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/Satanic_Verses" title="Satanic Verses">Satanic Verses</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Burqa" title="Burqa">Burqa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Houri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_actions_prohibited_by_the_Qur%27an" title="List of actions prohibited by the Qur'an">List of actions prohibited by the Qur'an</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_scientific_errors" title="Qur'anic scientific errors">Qur'anic scientific errors</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sexism_in_the_Qur%27an" title="Sexism in the Qur'an">Sexism in the Qur'an</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_contradictions" title="Qur'anic contradictions">Qur'anic contradictions</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> • </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Sharia&oldid=2636628">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Sharia&oldid=2636628</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">Islam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bronze-level_articles" title="Category:Bronze-level articles">Bronze-level articles</a></li><li><a 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