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href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Video_and_audio_content?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Video and audio content</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Other_embedding_technologies?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">From object to iframe — other embedding technologies</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Adding vector graphics to the web</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Responsive images</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Mozilla_splash_page?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Mozilla splash page</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>HTML tables</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">HTML tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Basics?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">HTML table basics</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Advanced?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">HTML table advanced features and accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Structuring_planet_data?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Structuring planet data</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="section"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS — Styling the web</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>CSS first steps</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS first steps</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/What_is_CSS?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">What is CSS?</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Getting_started?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Getting started with CSS</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_is_structured?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">How CSS is structured</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_works?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">How CSS works</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Styling_a_biography_page?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Styling a biography page</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>CSS building blocks</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS building blocks</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS selectors</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Type_Class_and_ID_Selectors?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Type, class, and ID selectors</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Attribute_selectors?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Attribute selectors</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Pseudo-classes_and_pseudo-elements?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Combinators?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Combinators</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_and_inheritance?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cascade, specificity, and inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_layers?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cascade layers</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/The_box_model?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">The box model</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Backgrounds_and_borders?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Backgrounds and borders</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Handling_different_text_directions?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Handling different text directions</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Overflowing_content?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Overflowing content</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Values_and_units?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS values and units</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Sizing_items_in_CSS?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Sizing items in CSS</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Images_media_form_elements?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Images, media, and form elements</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Styling_tables?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Styling tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Advanced_styling_effects?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Advanced styling effects</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Debugging_CSS?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Debugging CSS</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Organizing?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Organizing your CSS</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Fundamental CSS comprehension</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Creating_fancy_letterheaded_paper?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Creating fancy letterheaded paper</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/A_cool_looking_box?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">A cool-looking box</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Styling text</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS styling text</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Fundamentals?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Fundamental text and font styling</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_lists?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Styling lists</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_links?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Styling links</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Web_fonts?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Web fonts</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Typesetting_a_homepage?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Typesetting a community school homepage</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>CSS layout</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS layout</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introduction to CSS layout</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Normal Flow</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Flexbox</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Grids?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Grids</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Floats?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Floats</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Positioning?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Positioning</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Multiple-column_Layout?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Multiple-column layout</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Responsive design</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Media_queries?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Beginner's guide to media queries</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Legacy_Layout_Methods?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Legacy layout methods</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Supporting_Older_Browsers?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Supporting older browsers</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Fundamental layout comprehension</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="section"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">JavaScript — Dynamic client-side scripting</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>JavaScript first steps</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">JavaScript first steps</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_is_JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">What is JavaScript?</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/A_first_splash?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">A first splash into JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_went_wrong?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">What went wrong? Troubleshooting JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Variables?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Storing the information you need — Variables</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Math?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Basic math in JavaScript — numbers and operators</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Strings?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Handling text — strings in JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Useful_string_methods?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Useful string methods</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Arrays?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Arrays</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Silly_story_generator?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Silly story generator</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>JavaScript building blocks</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">JavaScript building blocks</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Making decisions in your code — conditionals</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Looping_code?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Looping code</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Functions?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Functions — reusable blocks of code</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Build_your_own_function?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Build your own function</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Return_values?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Function return values</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Events?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introduction to events</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Event_bubbling?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Event bubbling</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Image_gallery?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Image gallery</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Introducing JavaScript objects</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introducing JavaScript objects</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Basics?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">JavaScript object basics</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_prototypes?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Object prototypes</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object-oriented_programming?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Object-oriented programming</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Classes_in_JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Classes in JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/JSON?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Working with JSON</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_building_practice?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Object building practice</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Adding features to our bouncing balls demo</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Asynchronous JavaScript</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Asynchronous JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introducing asynchronous JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Promises?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">How to use promises</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Implementing_a_promise-based_API?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">How to implement a promise-based API</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing_workers?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introducing workers</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Sequencing_animations?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Sequencing animations</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Client-side web APIs</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Client-side web APIs</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introduction to web APIs</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Manipulating_documents?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Manipulating documents</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Fetching_data?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Fetching data from the server</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Third_party_APIs?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Third-party APIs</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Drawing_graphics?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Drawing graphics</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Video and Audio APIs</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Client-side_storage?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Client-side storage</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="section"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Web forms — Working with user data</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Web form building blocks</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Web form building blocks</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Your_first_form?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Your first form</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">How to structure a web form</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Basic native form controls</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML5_input_types?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">The HTML5 input types</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Other_form_controls?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Other form controls</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Styling_web_forms?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Styling web forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Advanced_form_styling?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Advanced form styling</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">UI pseudo-classes</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Form_validation?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Client-side form validation</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_and_retrieving_form_data?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Sending form data</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Advanced web form techniques</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_build_custom_form_controls?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">How to build custom form controls</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_forms_through_JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Sending forms through JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Property_compatibility_table_for_form_controls?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS property compatibility table for form controls</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML_forms_in_legacy_browsers?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">HTML forms in legacy browsers</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="section"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Accessibility — Make the web usable by everyone</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Accessibility guides</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">What is accessibility?</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/HTML?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">HTML: A good basis for accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS and JavaScript accessibility best practices</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">WAI-ARIA basics</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Multimedia?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Accessible multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Mobile?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Mobile accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Assessment: Accessibility troubleshooting</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="section"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Performance — Making websites fast and responsive</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Performance guides</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Web performance</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/why_web_performance?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">The "why" of web performance</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/What_is_web_performance?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">What is web performance?</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Perceived_performance?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Perceived performance</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Measuring_performance?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Measuring performance</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Multimedia?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Multimedia: Images</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/video?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Multimedia: video</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">JavaScript performance optimization</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/HTML?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">HTML performance optimization</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/CSS?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS performance optimization</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/business_case_for_performance?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">The business case for web performance</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="section"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">MathML — Writing mathematics with MathML</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>MathML first steps</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">MathML first steps</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Getting_started?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Getting started with MathML</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Text_containers?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">MathML Text Containers</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Fractions_and_roots?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">MathML fractions and roots</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Scripts?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">MathML scripted elements</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Tables?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">MathML tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Three_famous_mathematical_formulas?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Three famous mathematical formulas</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="section"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Games?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Games — Developing games for the web</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Guides and tutorials</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Games/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introduction to game development for the Web</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Techniques for game development</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Games/Tutorials?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tutorials</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Games/Publishing_games?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Publishing games</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="section"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tools and testing</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Client-side web development tools</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Understanding client-side web development tools</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Overview?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Client-side tooling overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Command line crash course</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Package_management?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Package management basics</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Introducing_complete_toolchain?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introducing a complete toolchain</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Deployment?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Deploying our app</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Introduction to client-side frameworks</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introduction to client-side frameworks</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Main_features?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Framework main features</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>React</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Getting started with React</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Beginning our React todo list</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Componentizing our React app</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_events_state?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_accessibility?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Accessibility in React</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_resources?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">React resources</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Ember</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_getting_started?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Getting started with Ember</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_structure_componentization?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Ember app structure and componentization</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_interactivity_events_state?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Ember interactivity: Events, classes and state</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_conditional_footer?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Ember Interactivity: Footer functionality, conditional rendering</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_routing?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Routing in Ember</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_resources?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Ember resources and troubleshooting</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details open> <summary>Vue</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Getting started with Vue</a></li> <li><em><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" aria-current="page">Creating our first Vue component</a></em></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Rendering a list of Vue components</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_methods_events_models?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Adding a new todo form: Vue events, methods, and models</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_styling?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Styling Vue components with CSS</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Using Vue computed properties</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Vue conditional rendering: editing existing todos</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Vue refs and lifecycle methods for focus management</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_resources?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Vue resources</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Svelte</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_getting_started?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Getting started with Svelte</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_Todo_list_beginning?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Starting our Svelte to-do list app</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_variables_props?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Dynamic behavior in Svelte: working with variables and props</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_components?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Componentizing our Svelte app</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_reactivity_lifecycle_accessibility?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Advanced Svelte: Reactivity, lifecycle, accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_stores?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Working with Svelte stores</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_TypeScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">TypeScript support in Svelte</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_deployment_next?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Deployment and next steps</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Angular</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_getting_started?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Getting started with Angular</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_todo_list_beginning?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Beginning our Angular todo list app</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_styling?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Styling our Angular app</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_item_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Creating an item component</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_filtering?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Filtering our to-do items</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_building?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Building Angular applications and further resources</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Git and GitHub</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/GitHub?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Git and GitHub</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Cross browser testing</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cross browser testing</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introduction to cross-browser testing</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Testing_strategies?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Strategies for carrying out testing</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/HTML_and_CSS?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Handling common HTML and CSS problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Handling common JavaScript problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Accessibility?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Handling common accessibility problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Feature_detection?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Implementing feature detection</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Automated_testing?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introduction to automated testing</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Your_own_automation_environment?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Setting up your own test automation environment</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="section"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Server-side website programming</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>First steps</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Server-side website programming first steps</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Introduction to the server side</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Client-Server Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Web_frameworks?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Server-side web frameworks</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Website_security?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Website security</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Django web framework (Python)</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Web Framework (Python)</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/development_environment?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Setting up a Django development environment</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Tutorial_local_library_website?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/skeleton_website?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Models?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial Part 3: Using models</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Admin_site?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial Part 4: Django admin site</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Home_page?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial Part 5: Creating our home page</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Generic_views?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial Part 6: Generic list and detail views</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Sessions?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial Part 7: Sessions framework</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Authentication?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial Part 8: User authentication and permissions</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Forms?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial Part 9: Working with forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Testing?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial Part 10: Testing a Django web application</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Deployment?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django Tutorial Part 11: Deploying Django to production</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/web_application_security?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Django web application security</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Assessment: DIY Django mini blog</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Express Web Framework (Node.js/JavaScript)</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Express web framework (Node.js/JavaScript)</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Express/Node introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Setting up a Node development environment</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Express Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Express Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/mongoose?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Express Tutorial Part 3: Using a Database (with Mongoose)</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Express Tutorial Part 4: Routes and controllers</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Displaying_data?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Express Tutorial Part 5: Displaying library data</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/forms?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Express Tutorial Part 6: Working with forms</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/deployment?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Express Tutorial Part 7: Deploying to production</a></li> </ol> </details></li> <li class="section"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Further resources</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Common questions</summary> <ol> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Common questions</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Howto?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Use HTML to solve common problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Howto?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Use CSS to solve common problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Howto?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Solve common problems in your JavaScript code</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Web_mechanics?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Web mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Tools_and_setup?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tools and setup</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Design_and_accessibility?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Design and accessibility</a></li> </ol> </details></li> </ol> </div> </div> <section class="place side"></section> </nav> </aside> <div class="toc-container"> <aside class="toc"> <nav> <div class="document-toc-container"> <section class="document-toc"> <header> <h2 class="document-toc-heading">In this article</h2> </header> <ul class="document-toc-list"> <li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#creating_a_todoitem_component">Creating a ToDoItem component</a></li> <li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#making_components_dynamic_with_props">Making components dynamic with props</a></li> <li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#vues_data_object">Vue's data object</a></li> <li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#giving_todos_a_unique_id">Giving Todos a unique id</a></li> <li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#summary">Summary</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> </aside> <section class="place side"></section> </div> </div> <main id="content" class="main-content "> <article class="main-page-content" lang="en-US"> <header> <h1>Creating our first Vue component</h1> </header> <div class="section-content"> <ul class="prev-next"> <li><a class="button secondary" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><span class="button-wrap"> Previous </span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><span class="button-wrap"> Overview: Understanding client-side JavaScript frameworks</span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><span class="button-wrap"> Next </span></a></li> </ul> <p>Now it's time to dive deeper into Vue, and create our own custom component — we'll start by creating a component to represent each item in the todo list. Along the way, we'll learn about a few important concepts such as calling components inside other components, passing data to them via props, and saving data state.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> If you need to check your code against our version, you can find a finished version of the sample Vue app code in our <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://github.com/mdn/todo-vue" class="external" target="_blank">todo-vue repository</a>. For a running live version, see <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdn.github.io/todo-vue/" class="external" target="_blank">https://mdn.github.io/todo-vue/</a>.</p> </div> <figure class="table-container"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">Prerequisites:</th> <td><p>Familiarity with the core <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">HTML</a>, <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">CSS</a>, and <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">JavaScript</a> languages, knowledge of the <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">terminal/command line</a>.</p><p>Vue components are written as a combination of JavaScript objects that manage the app's data and an HTML-based template syntax that maps to the underlying DOM structure. For installation, and to use some of the more advanced features of Vue (like Single File Components or render functions), you'll need a terminal with <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="external">Node</a> and <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.npmjs.com/get-npm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" class="external">npm</a> installed.</p></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Objective:</th> <td>To learn how to create a Vue component, render it inside another component, pass data into it using props, and save its state.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </figure> </div> <section aria-labelledby="creating_a_todoitem_component"> <h2 id="creating_a_todoitem_component"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#creating_a_todoitem_component">Creating a ToDoItem component</a></h2> <div class="section-content"> <p>Let's create our first component, which will display a single todo item. We'll use this to build our list of todos.</p> <ol> <li>In your <code>moz-todo-vue/src/components</code> directory, create a new file named <code>ToDoItem.vue</code>. Open the file in your code editor.</li> <li>Create the component's template section by adding <code><template></template></code> to the top of the file.</li> <li>Create a <code><script></script></code> section below your template section. Inside the <code><script></code> tags, add a default exported object <code>export default {}</code>, which is your component object.</li> </ol> <p>Your file should now look like this:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">vue</span> </div> <pre class="brush: vue notranslate"><code><template></template> <script> export default {}; </script> </code></pre> </div> <p>We can now begin to add actual content to our <code>ToDoItem</code>. Vue templates are currently only allowed a single root element — one element needs to wrap everything inside the template section (this will change when Vue 3 comes out). We'll use a <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/div?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><code><div></code></a> for that root element.</p> <ol> <li><p>Add an empty <code><div></code> inside your component template now.</p></li> <li><p>Inside that <code><div></code>, let's add a checkbox and a corresponding label. Add an <code>id</code> to the checkbox, and a <code>for</code> attribute mapping the checkbox to the label, as shown below.</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">vue</span> </div> <pre class="brush: vue notranslate"><code><template> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="todo-item" /> <label for="todo-item">My Todo Item</label> </div> </template> </code></pre> </div></li> </ol> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="using_todoitem_inside_our_app"> <h3 id="using_todoitem_inside_our_app"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#using_todoitem_inside_our_app">Using TodoItem inside our app</a></h3> <div class="section-content"> <p>This is all fine, but we haven't added the component to our app yet, so there's no way to test it and see if everything is working. Let's add it now.</p> <ol> <li><p>Open up <code>App.vue</code> again.</p></li> <li><p>At the top of your <code><script></code> tag, add the following to import your <code>ToDoItem</code> component:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">js</span> </div> <pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>import ToDoItem from "./components/ToDoItem.vue"; </code></pre> </div></li> <li><p>Inside your component object, add the <code>components</code> property, and inside it add your <code>ToDoItem</code> component to register it.</p></li> </ol> <p>Your <code><script></code> contents should now look like this:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">js</span> </div> <pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>import ToDoItem from "./components/ToDoItem.vue"; export default { name: "app", components: { ToDoItem, }, }; </code></pre> </div> <p>This is the same way that the <code>HelloWorld</code> component was registered by the Vue CLI earlier.</p> <p>To actually render the <code>ToDoItem</code> component in the app, you need to go up into your <code><template></code> element and call it as a <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code> element. Note that the component file name and its representation in JavaScript is in PascalCase (e.g. <code>ToDoList</code>), and the equivalent custom element is in <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Glossary/Kebab_case?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">kebab-case</a> (e.g. <code><to-do-list></code>). It's necessary to use this casing style if you're writing Vue templates <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=pl&tl=fr&hl=en-GB&u=https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/component-basics.html%23dom-template-parsing-caveats" class="external" target="_blank">in the DOM directly</a></p> <ol> <li>Underneath the <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/Heading_Elements?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><code><h1></code></a>, create an unordered list (<a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ul?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><code><ul></code></a>) containing a single list item (<a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/li?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><code><li></code></a>).</li> <li>Inside the list item add <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code>.</li> </ol> <p>The <code><template></code> section of your <code>App.vue</code> file should now look something like this:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">vue</span> </div> <pre class="brush: vue notranslate"><code><div id="app"> <h1>To-Do List</h1> <ul> <li> <to-do-item></to-do-item> </li> </ul> </div> </code></pre> </div> <p>If you check your rendered app again, you should now see your rendered <code>ToDoItem</code>, consisting of a checkbox and a label.</p> <p><img src="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component/rendered-todoitem.png" alt="The current rendering state of the app, which includes a title of To-Do List, and a single checkbox and label" width="385" height="142" loading="lazy"></p> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="making_components_dynamic_with_props"> <h2 id="making_components_dynamic_with_props"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#making_components_dynamic_with_props">Making components dynamic with props</a></h2> <div class="section-content"> <p>Our <code>ToDoItem</code> component is still not very useful because we can only really include this once on a page (IDs need to be unique), and we have no way to set the label text. Nothing about this is dynamic.</p> <p>What we need is some component state. This can be achieved by adding props to our component. You can think of props as being similar to inputs in a function. The value of a prop gives components an initial state that affects their display.</p> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="registering_props"> <h3 id="registering_props"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#registering_props">Registering props</a></h3> <div class="section-content"> <p>In Vue, there are two ways to register props:</p> <ul> <li>The first way is to just list props out as an array of strings. Each entry in the array corresponds to the name of a prop.</li> <li>The second way is to define props as an object, with each key corresponding to the prop name. Listing props as an object allows you to specify default values, mark props as required, perform basic object typing (specifically around JavaScript primitive types), and perform simple prop validation.</li> </ul> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Prop validation only happens in development mode, so you can't strictly rely on it in production. Additionally, prop validation functions are invoked before the component instance is created, so they do not have access to the component state (or other props).</p> </div> <p>For this component, we'll use the object registration method.</p> <ol> <li><p>Go back to your <code>ToDoItem.vue</code> file.</p></li> <li><p>Add a <code>props</code> property inside the export <code>default {}</code> object, which contains an empty object.</p></li> <li><p>Inside this object, add two properties with the keys <code>label</code> and <code>done</code>.</p></li> <li><p>The <code>label</code> key's value should be an object with 2 properties (or <strong>props</strong>, as they are called in the context of being available to the components).</p> <ol> <li>The first is a <code>required</code> property, which will have a value of <code>true</code>. This will tell Vue that we expect every instance of this component to have a label field. Vue will warn us if a <code>ToDoItem</code> component does not have a label field.</li> <li>The second property we'll add is a <code>type</code> property. Set the value for this property as the JavaScript <code>String</code> type (note the capital "S"). This tells Vue that we expect the value of this property to be a string.</li> </ol></li> <li><p>Now on to the <code>done</code> prop.</p> <ol> <li>First add a <code>default</code> field, with a value of <code>false</code>. This means that when no <code>done</code> prop is passed to a <code>ToDoItem</code> component, the <code>done</code> prop will have a value of false (bear in mind that this is not required — we only need <code>default</code> on non-required props).</li> <li>Next add a <code>type</code> field with a value of <code>Boolean</code>. This tells Vue we expect the value prop to be a JavaScript boolean type.</li> </ol></li> </ol> <p>Your component object should now look like this:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">js</span> </div> <pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>export default { props: { label: { required: true, type: String }, done: { default: false, type: Boolean }, }, }; </code></pre> </div> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="using_registered_props"> <h3 id="using_registered_props"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#using_registered_props">Using registered props</a></h3> <div class="section-content"> <p>With these props defined inside the component object, we can now use these variable values inside our template. Let's start by adding the <code>label</code> prop to the component template.</p> <p>In your <code><template></code>, replace the contents of the <code><label></code> element with <code>{{label}}</code>.</p> <p><code>{{}}</code> is a special template syntax in Vue, which lets us print the result of JavaScript expressions defined in our class, inside our template, including values and methods. It's important to know that content inside <code>{{}}</code> is displayed as text and not HTML. In this case, we're printing the value of the <code>label</code> prop.</p> <p>Your component's template section should now look like this:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">vue</span> </div> <pre class="brush: vue notranslate"><code><template> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="todo-item" /> <label for="todo-item">{{ label }}</label> </div> </template> </code></pre> </div> <p>Go back to your browser and you'll see the todo item rendered as before, but without a label (oh no!). Go to your browser's DevTools and you'll see a warning along these lines in the console:</p> <pre class="brush: plain notranslate">[Vue warn]: Missing required prop: "label" found in ---> <ToDoItem> at src/components/ToDoItem.vue <App> at src/App.vue <Root> </pre> <p>This is because we marked the <code>label</code> as a required prop, but we never gave the component that prop — we've defined where inside the template we want it used, but we haven't passed it into the component when calling it. Let's fix that.</p> <p>Inside your <code>App.vue</code> file, add a <code>label</code> prop to the <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code> component, just like a regular HTML attribute:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">vue</span> </div> <pre class="brush: vue notranslate"><code><to-do-item label="My ToDo Item"></to-do-item> </code></pre> </div> <p>Now you'll see the label in your app, and the warning won't be spat out in the console again.</p> <p>So that's props in a nutshell. Next we'll move on to how Vue persists data state.</p> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="vues_data_object"> <h2 id="vues_data_object"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#vues_data_object">Vue's data object</a></h2> <div class="section-content"> <p>If you change the value of the <code>label</code> prop passed into the <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code> call in your <code>App</code> component, you should see it update. This is great. We have a checkbox, with an updatable label. However, we're currently not doing anything with the "done" prop — we can check the checkboxes in the UI, but nowhere in the app are we recording whether a todo item is actually done.</p> <p>To achieve this, we want to bind the component's <code>done</code> prop to the <code>checked</code> attribute on the <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><code><input></code></a> element, so that it can serve as a record of whether the checkbox is checked or not. However, it's important that props serve as one-way data binding — a component should never alter the value of its own props. There are a lot of reasons for this. In part, components editing props can make debugging a challenge. If a value is passed to multiple children, it could be hard to track where the changes to that value were coming from. In addition, changing props can cause components to re-render. So mutating props in a component would trigger the component to rerender, which may in-turn trigger the mutation again.</p> <p>To work around this, we can manage the <code>done</code> state using Vue's <code>data</code> property. The <code>data</code> property is where you can manage local state in a component, it lives inside the component object alongside the <code>props</code> property and has the following structure:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">js</span> </div> <pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>data() { return { key: value } } </code></pre> </div> <p>You'll note that the <code>data</code> property is a function. This is to keep the data values unique for each instance of a component at runtime — the function is invoked separately for each component instance. If you declared data as just an object, all instances of that component would share the same values. This is a side-effect of the way Vue registers components and something you do not want.</p> <p>You use <code>this</code> to access a component's props and other properties from inside data, as you may expect. We'll see an example of this shortly.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Because of the way that <code>this</code> works in arrow functions (binding to the parent's context), you wouldn't be able to access any of the necessary attributes from inside <code>data</code> if you used an arrow function. So don't use an arrow function for the <code>data</code> property.</p> </div> <p>So let's add a <code>data</code> property to our <code>ToDoItem</code> component. This will return an object containing a single property that we'll call <code>isDone</code>, whose value is <code>this.done</code>.</p> <p>Update the component object like so:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">js</span> </div> <pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>export default { props: { label: { required: true, type: String }, done: { default: false, type: Boolean }, }, data() { return { isDone: this.done, }; }, }; </code></pre> </div> <p>Vue does a little magic here — it binds all of your props directly to the component instance, so we don't have to call <code>this.props.done</code>. It also binds other attributes (<code>data</code>, which you've already seen, and others like <code>methods</code>, <code>computed</code>, etc.) directly to the instance. This is, in part, to make them available to your template. The down-side to this is that you need to keep the keys unique across these attributes. This is why we called our <code>data</code> attribute <code>isDone</code> instead of <code>done</code>.</p> <p>So now we need to attach the <code>isDone</code> property to our component. In a similar fashion to how Vue uses <code>{{}}</code> expressions to display JavaScript expressions inside templates, Vue has a special syntax to bind JavaScript expressions to HTML elements and components: <strong><code>v-bind</code></strong>. The <code>v-bind</code> expression looks like this:</p> <pre class="brush: plain notranslate">v-bind:attribute="expression" </pre> <p>In other words, you prefix whatever attribute/prop you want to bind to with <code>v-bind:</code>. In most cases, you can use a shorthand for the <code>v-bind</code> property, which is to just prefix the attribute/prop with a colon. So <code>:attribute="expression"</code> works the same as <code>v-bind:attribute="expression"</code>.</p> <p>So in the case of the checkbox in our <code>ToDoItem</code> component, we can use <code>v-bind</code> to map the <code>isDone</code> property to the <code>checked</code> attribute on the <code><input></code> element. Both of the following are equivalent:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">vue</span> </div> <pre class="brush: vue notranslate"><code><input type="checkbox" id="todo-item" v-bind:checked="isDone" /> <input type="checkbox" id="todo-item" :checked="isDone" /> </code></pre> </div> <p>You're free to use whichever pattern you would like. It's best to keep it consistent though. Because the shorthand syntax is more commonly used, this tutorial will stick to that pattern.</p> <p>So let's do this. Update your <code><input></code> element now to include <code>:checked="isDone"</code>.</p> <p>Test out your component by passing <code>:done="true"</code> to the <code>ToDoItem</code> call in <code>App.vue</code>. Note that you need to use the <code>v-bind</code> syntax, because otherwise <code>true</code> is passed as a string. The displayed checkbox should be checked.</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">vue</span> </div> <pre class="brush: vue notranslate"><code><template> <div id="app"> <h1>My To-Do List</h1> <ul> <li> <to-do-item label="My ToDo Item" :done="true"></to-do-item> </li> </ul> </div> </template> </code></pre> </div> <p>Try changing <code>true</code> to <code>false</code> and back again, reloading your app in between to see how the state changes.</p> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="giving_todos_a_unique_id"> <h2 id="giving_todos_a_unique_id"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#giving_todos_a_unique_id">Giving Todos a unique id</a></h2> <div class="section-content"> <p>Great! We now have a working checkbox where we can set the state programmatically. However, we can currently only add one <code>ToDoList</code> component to the page because the <code>id</code> is hardcoded. This would result in errors with assistive technology since the <code>id</code> is needed to correctly map labels to their checkboxes. To fix this, we can programmatically set the <code>id</code> in the component data.</p> <p>We can use the <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/API/Crypto/randomUUID?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><code>Crypto.randomUUID()</code></a> method to generate a unique string to keep component <code>id</code>s unique. <code>randomUUID()</code> is built into modern browsers and provides a straightforward way to ensure uniqueness without relying on external libraries.</p> <p>Next, add an <code>id</code> field to the <code>data</code> property as shown below; this uses <code>crypto.randomUUID()</code> to return a unique string, which we then prefix with <code>todo-</code>:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">js</span> </div> <pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>export default { props: { label: { required: true, type: String }, done: { default: false, type: Boolean }, }, data() { return { isDone: this.done, id: "todo-" + crypto.randomUUID(), }; }, }; </code></pre> </div> <p>Next, bind the <code>id</code> to both our checkbox's <code>id</code> attribute and the label's <code>for</code> attribute, updating the existing <code>id</code> and <code>for</code> attributes as shown:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">vue</span> </div> <pre class="brush: vue notranslate"><code><template> <div> <input type="checkbox" :id="id" :checked="isDone" /> <label :for="id">{{ label }}</label> </div> </template> </code></pre> </div> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="summary"> <h2 id="summary"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#summary">Summary</a></h2> <div class="section-content"> <p>And that will do for this article. At this point we have a nicely-working <code>ToDoItem</code> component that can be passed a label to display, will store its checked state, and will be rendered with a unique <code>id</code> each time it is called. You can check if the unique <code>id</code>s are working by temporarily adding more <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code> calls into <code>App.vue</code>, and then checking their rendered output with your browser's DevTools.</p> <p>Now we're ready to add multiple <code>ToDoItem</code> components to our app. In our next article we'll look at adding a set of todo item data to our <code>App.vue</code> component, which we'll then loop through and display inside <code>ToDoItem</code> components using the <code>v-for</code> directive.</p> <ul class="prev-next"> <li><a class="button secondary" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><span class="button-wrap"> Previous </span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" 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Content available under <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Attrib_copyright_license?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">a Creative Commons license</a>.</p> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" id="hydration">{"url":"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component","doc":{"body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<ul class=\"prev-next\"><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Previous </span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Overview: Understanding client-side JavaScript frameworks</span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Next </span></a></li></ul>\n<p>Now it's time to dive deeper into Vue, and create our own custom component — we'll start by creating a component to represent each item in the todo list. Along the way, we'll learn about a few important concepts such as calling components inside other components, passing data to them via props, and saving data state.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>Note:</strong>\nIf you need to check your code against our version, you can find a finished version of the sample Vue app code in our <a href=\"https://github.com/mdn/todo-vue\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">todo-vue repository</a>. For a running live version, see <a href=\"https://mdn.github.io/todo-vue/\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">https://mdn.github.io/todo-vue/</a>.</p>\n</div>\n<figure class=\"table-container\"><table>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">Prerequisites:</th>\n <td>\n <p>\n Familiarity with the core <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML\">HTML</a>,\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS\">CSS</a>, and\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript\">JavaScript</a> languages,\n knowledge of the\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line\">terminal/command line</a>.\n </p>\n <p>\n Vue components are written as a combination of JavaScript objects that\n manage the app's data and an HTML-based template syntax that maps to\n the underlying DOM structure. For installation, and to use some of the\n more advanced features of Vue (like Single File Components or render\n functions), you'll need a terminal with\n <a href=\"https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external\">Node</a>\n and\n <a href=\"https://www.npmjs.com/get-npm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external\">npm</a>\n installed.\n </p>\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">Objective:</th>\n <td>\n To learn how to create a Vue component, render it inside another\n component, pass data into it using props, and save its state.\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n</table></figure>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"creating_a_todoitem_component","title":"Creating a ToDoItem component","isH3":false,"content":"<p>Let's create our first component, which will display a single todo item. We'll use this to build our list of todos.</p>\n<ol>\n<li>In your <code>moz-todo-vue/src/components</code> directory, create a new file named <code>ToDoItem.vue</code>. Open the file in your code editor.</li>\n<li>Create the component's template section by adding <code><template></template></code> to the top of the file.</li>\n<li>Create a <code><script></script></code> section below your template section. Inside the <code><script></code> tags, add a default exported object <code>export default {}</code>, which is your component object.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Your file should now look like this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">vue</span></div><pre class=\"brush: vue notranslate\"><code><template></template>\n<script>\nexport default {};\n</script>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>We can now begin to add actual content to our <code>ToDoItem</code>. Vue templates are currently only allowed a single root element — one element needs to wrap everything inside the template section (this will change when Vue 3 comes out). We'll use a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/div\"><code><div></code></a> for that root element.</p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Add an empty <code><div></code> inside your component template now.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Inside that <code><div></code>, let's add a checkbox and a corresponding label. Add an <code>id</code> to the checkbox, and a <code>for</code> attribute mapping the checkbox to the label, as shown below.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">vue</span></div><pre class=\"brush: vue notranslate\"><code><template>\n <div>\n <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"todo-item\" />\n <label for=\"todo-item\">My Todo Item</label>\n </div>\n</template>\n</code></pre></div>\n</li>\n</ol>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"using_todoitem_inside_our_app","title":"Using TodoItem inside our app","isH3":true,"content":"<p>This is all fine, but we haven't added the component to our app yet, so there's no way to test it and see if everything is working. Let's add it now.</p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Open up <code>App.vue</code> again.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>At the top of your <code><script></code> tag, add the following to import your <code>ToDoItem</code> component:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>import ToDoItem from \"./components/ToDoItem.vue\";\n</code></pre></div>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Inside your component object, add the <code>components</code> property, and inside it add your <code>ToDoItem</code> component to register it.</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Your <code><script></code> contents should now look like this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>import ToDoItem from \"./components/ToDoItem.vue\";\n\nexport default {\n name: \"app\",\n components: {\n ToDoItem,\n },\n};\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>This is the same way that the <code>HelloWorld</code> component was registered by the Vue CLI earlier.</p>\n<p>To actually render the <code>ToDoItem</code> component in the app, you need to go up into your <code><template></code> element and call it as a <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code> element. Note that the component file name and its representation in JavaScript is in PascalCase (e.g. <code>ToDoList</code>), and the equivalent custom element is in <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/Kebab_case\">kebab-case</a> (e.g. <code><to-do-list></code>).\nIt's necessary to use this casing style if you're writing Vue templates <a href=\"https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/component-basics.html#dom-template-parsing-caveats\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">in the DOM directly</a></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Underneath the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/Heading_Elements\"><code><h1></code></a>, create an unordered list (<a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ul\"><code><ul></code></a>) containing a single list item (<a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/li\"><code><li></code></a>).</li>\n<li>Inside the list item add <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code>.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>The <code><template></code> section of your <code>App.vue</code> file should now look something like this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">vue</span></div><pre class=\"brush: vue notranslate\"><code><div id=\"app\">\n <h1>To-Do List</h1>\n <ul>\n <li>\n <to-do-item></to-do-item>\n </li>\n </ul>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>If you check your rendered app again, you should now see your rendered <code>ToDoItem</code>, consisting of a checkbox and a label.</p>\n<p><img src=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component/rendered-todoitem.png\" alt=\"The current rendering state of the app, which includes a title of To-Do List, and a single checkbox and label\" width=\"385\" height=\"142\" loading=\"lazy\"></p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"making_components_dynamic_with_props","title":"Making components dynamic with props","isH3":false,"content":"<p>Our <code>ToDoItem</code> component is still not very useful because we can only really include this once on a page (IDs need to be unique), and we have no way to set the label text. Nothing about this is dynamic.</p>\n<p>What we need is some component state. This can be achieved by adding props to our component. You can think of props as being similar to inputs in a function. The value of a prop gives components an initial state that affects their display.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"registering_props","title":"Registering props","isH3":true,"content":"<p>In Vue, there are two ways to register props:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The first way is to just list props out as an array of strings. Each entry in the array corresponds to the name of a prop.</li>\n<li>The second way is to define props as an object, with each key corresponding to the prop name. Listing props as an object allows you to specify default values, mark props as required, perform basic object typing (specifically around JavaScript primitive types), and perform simple prop validation.</li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>Note:</strong>\nProp validation only happens in development mode, so you can't strictly rely on it in production. Additionally, prop validation functions are invoked before the component instance is created, so they do not have access to the component state (or other props).</p>\n</div>\n<p>For this component, we'll use the object registration method.</p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>Go back to your <code>ToDoItem.vue</code> file.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Add a <code>props</code> property inside the export <code>default {}</code> object, which contains an empty object.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Inside this object, add two properties with the keys <code>label</code> and <code>done</code>.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>The <code>label</code> key's value should be an object with 2 properties (or <strong>props</strong>, as they are called in the context of being available to the components).</p>\n<ol>\n<li>The first is a <code>required</code> property, which will have a value of <code>true</code>. This will tell Vue that we expect every instance of this component to have a label field. Vue will warn us if a <code>ToDoItem</code> component does not have a label field.</li>\n<li>The second property we'll add is a <code>type</code> property. Set the value for this property as the JavaScript <code>String</code> type (note the capital \"S\"). This tells Vue that we expect the value of this property to be a string.</li>\n</ol>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Now on to the <code>done</code> prop.</p>\n<ol>\n<li>First add a <code>default</code> field, with a value of <code>false</code>. This means that when no <code>done</code> prop is passed to a <code>ToDoItem</code> component, the <code>done</code> prop will have a value of false (bear in mind that this is not required — we only need <code>default</code> on non-required props).</li>\n<li>Next add a <code>type</code> field with a value of <code>Boolean</code>. This tells Vue we expect the value prop to be a JavaScript boolean type.</li>\n</ol>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Your component object should now look like this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>export default {\n props: {\n label: { required: true, type: String },\n done: { default: false, type: Boolean },\n },\n};\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"using_registered_props","title":"Using registered props","isH3":true,"content":"<p>With these props defined inside the component object, we can now use these variable values inside our template. Let's start by adding the <code>label</code> prop to the component template.</p>\n<p>In your <code><template></code>, replace the contents of the <code><label></code> element with <code>{{label}}</code>.</p>\n<p><code>{{}}</code> is a special template syntax in Vue, which lets us print the result of JavaScript expressions defined in our class, inside our template, including values and methods. It's important to know that content inside <code>{{}}</code> is displayed as text and not HTML. In this case, we're printing the value of the <code>label</code> prop.</p>\n<p>Your component's template section should now look like this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">vue</span></div><pre class=\"brush: vue notranslate\"><code><template>\n <div>\n <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"todo-item\" />\n <label for=\"todo-item\">{{ label }}</label>\n </div>\n</template>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Go back to your browser and you'll see the todo item rendered as before, but without a label (oh no!). Go to your browser's DevTools and you'll see a warning along these lines in the console:</p>\n<pre class=\"brush: plain notranslate\">[Vue warn]: Missing required prop: \"label\"\n\nfound in\n\n---> <ToDoItem> at src/components/ToDoItem.vue\n <App> at src/App.vue\n <Root>\n</pre>\n<p>This is because we marked the <code>label</code> as a required prop, but we never gave the component that prop — we've defined where inside the template we want it used, but we haven't passed it into the component when calling it. Let's fix that.</p>\n<p>Inside your <code>App.vue</code> file, add a <code>label</code> prop to the <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code> component, just like a regular HTML attribute:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">vue</span></div><pre class=\"brush: vue notranslate\"><code><to-do-item label=\"My ToDo Item\"></to-do-item>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Now you'll see the label in your app, and the warning won't be spat out in the console again.</p>\n<p>So that's props in a nutshell. Next we'll move on to how Vue persists data state.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"vues_data_object","title":"Vue's data object","isH3":false,"content":"<p>If you change the value of the <code>label</code> prop passed into the <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code> call in your <code>App</code> component, you should see it update. This is great. We have a checkbox, with an updatable label. However, we're currently not doing anything with the \"done\" prop — we can check the checkboxes in the UI, but nowhere in the app are we recording whether a todo item is actually done.</p>\n<p>To achieve this, we want to bind the component's <code>done</code> prop to the <code>checked</code> attribute on the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input\"><code><input></code></a> element, so that it can serve as a record of whether the checkbox is checked or not. However, it's important that props serve as one-way data binding — a component should never alter the value of its own props. There are a lot of reasons for this. In part, components editing props can make debugging a challenge. If a value is passed to multiple children, it could be hard to track where the changes to that value were coming from. In addition, changing props can cause components to re-render. So mutating props in a component would trigger the component to rerender, which may in-turn trigger the mutation again.</p>\n<p>To work around this, we can manage the <code>done</code> state using Vue's <code>data</code> property. The <code>data</code> property is where you can manage local state in a component, it lives inside the component object alongside the <code>props</code> property and has the following structure:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>data() {\n return {\n key: value\n }\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>You'll note that the <code>data</code> property is a function. This is to keep the data values unique for each instance of a component at runtime — the function is invoked separately for each component instance. If you declared data as just an object, all instances of that component would share the same values. This is a side-effect of the way Vue registers components and something you do not want.</p>\n<p>You use <code>this</code> to access a component's props and other properties from inside data, as you may expect. We'll see an example of this shortly.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>Note:</strong>\nBecause of the way that <code>this</code> works in arrow functions (binding to the parent's context), you wouldn't be able to access any of the necessary attributes from inside <code>data</code> if you used an arrow function. So don't use an arrow function for the <code>data</code> property.</p>\n</div>\n<p>So let's add a <code>data</code> property to our <code>ToDoItem</code> component. This will return an object containing a single property that we'll call <code>isDone</code>, whose value is <code>this.done</code>.</p>\n<p>Update the component object like so:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>export default {\n props: {\n label: { required: true, type: String },\n done: { default: false, type: Boolean },\n },\n data() {\n return {\n isDone: this.done,\n };\n },\n};\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Vue does a little magic here — it binds all of your props directly to the component instance, so we don't have to call <code>this.props.done</code>. It also binds other attributes (<code>data</code>, which you've already seen, and others like <code>methods</code>, <code>computed</code>, etc.) directly to the instance. This is, in part, to make them available to your template. The down-side to this is that you need to keep the keys unique across these attributes. This is why we called our <code>data</code> attribute <code>isDone</code> instead of <code>done</code>.</p>\n<p>So now we need to attach the <code>isDone</code> property to our component. In a similar fashion to how Vue uses <code>{{}}</code> expressions to display JavaScript expressions inside templates, Vue has a special syntax to bind JavaScript expressions to HTML elements and components: <strong><code>v-bind</code></strong>. The <code>v-bind</code> expression looks like this:</p>\n<pre class=\"brush: plain notranslate\">v-bind:attribute=\"expression\"\n</pre>\n<p>In other words, you prefix whatever attribute/prop you want to bind to with <code>v-bind:</code>. In most cases, you can use a shorthand for the <code>v-bind</code> property, which is to just prefix the attribute/prop with a colon. So <code>:attribute=\"expression\"</code> works the same as <code>v-bind:attribute=\"expression\"</code>.</p>\n<p>So in the case of the checkbox in our <code>ToDoItem</code> component, we can use <code>v-bind</code> to map the <code>isDone</code> property to the <code>checked</code> attribute on the <code><input></code> element. Both of the following are equivalent:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">vue</span></div><pre class=\"brush: vue notranslate\"><code><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"todo-item\" v-bind:checked=\"isDone\" />\n\n<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"todo-item\" :checked=\"isDone\" />\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>You're free to use whichever pattern you would like. It's best to keep it consistent though. Because the shorthand syntax is more commonly used, this tutorial will stick to that pattern.</p>\n<p>So let's do this. Update your <code><input></code> element now to include <code>:checked=\"isDone\"</code>.</p>\n<p>Test out your component by passing <code>:done=\"true\"</code> to the <code>ToDoItem</code> call in <code>App.vue</code>. Note that you need to use the <code>v-bind</code> syntax, because otherwise <code>true</code> is passed as a string. The displayed checkbox should be checked.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">vue</span></div><pre class=\"brush: vue notranslate\"><code><template>\n <div id=\"app\">\n <h1>My To-Do List</h1>\n <ul>\n <li>\n <to-do-item label=\"My ToDo Item\" :done=\"true\"></to-do-item>\n </li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n</template>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Try changing <code>true</code> to <code>false</code> and back again, reloading your app in between to see how the state changes.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"giving_todos_a_unique_id","title":"Giving Todos a unique id","isH3":false,"content":"<p>Great! We now have a working checkbox where we can set the state programmatically. However, we can currently only add one <code>ToDoList</code> component to the page because the <code>id</code> is hardcoded. This would result in errors with assistive technology since the <code>id</code> is needed to correctly map labels to their checkboxes. To fix this, we can programmatically set the <code>id</code> in the component data.</p>\n<p>We can use the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Crypto/randomUUID\"><code>Crypto.randomUUID()</code></a> method to generate a unique string to keep component <code>id</code>s unique. <code>randomUUID()</code> is built into modern browsers and provides a straightforward way to ensure uniqueness without relying on external libraries.</p>\n<p>Next, add an <code>id</code> field to the <code>data</code> property as shown below; this uses <code>crypto.randomUUID()</code> to return a unique string, which we then prefix with <code>todo-</code>:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>export default {\n props: {\n label: { required: true, type: String },\n done: { default: false, type: Boolean },\n },\n data() {\n return {\n isDone: this.done,\n id: \"todo-\" + crypto.randomUUID(),\n };\n },\n};\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Next, bind the <code>id</code> to both our checkbox's <code>id</code> attribute and the label's <code>for</code> attribute, updating the existing <code>id</code> and <code>for</code> attributes as shown:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">vue</span></div><pre class=\"brush: vue notranslate\"><code><template>\n <div>\n <input type=\"checkbox\" :id=\"id\" :checked=\"isDone\" />\n <label :for=\"id\">{{ label }}</label>\n </div>\n</template>\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"summary","title":"Summary","isH3":false,"content":"<p>And that will do for this article. At this point we have a nicely-working <code>ToDoItem</code> component that can be passed a label to display, will store its checked state, and will be rendered with a unique <code>id</code> each time it is called. You can check if the unique <code>id</code>s are working by temporarily adding more <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code> calls into <code>App.vue</code>, and then checking their rendered output with your browser's DevTools.</p>\n<p>Now we're ready to add multiple <code>ToDoItem</code> components to our app. In our next article we'll look at adding a set of todo item data to our <code>App.vue</code> component, which we'll then loop through and display inside <code>ToDoItem</code> components using the <code>v-for</code> directive.</p>\n<ul class=\"prev-next\"><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Previous </span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Overview: Understanding client-side JavaScript frameworks</span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Next </span></a></li></ul>"}}],"isActive":true,"isMarkdown":true,"isTranslated":false,"locale":"en-US","mdn_url":"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component","modified":"2024-09-04T06:57:27.000Z","native":"English (US)","noIndexing":false,"other_translations":[{"locale":"de","title":"Erstellen unserer ersten Vue-Komponente","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"zh-CN","title":"创建第一个 Vue 组件","native":"中文 (简体)"},{"locale":"zh-TW","title":"建立第一個 Vue 元件","native":"正體中文 (繁體)"}],"pageTitle":"Creating our first Vue component - Learn web development | MDN","parents":[{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn","title":"Guides"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing","title":"Tools and testing"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks","title":"Understanding client-side JavaScript frameworks"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component","title":"Creating our first Vue component"}],"popularity":null,"short_title":"Creating our first Vue component","sidebarHTML":"<ol><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web\">Complete beginners start here!</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Getting started with the web</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web\">Getting started with the web</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Installing_basic_software\">Installing basic software</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/What_will_your_website_look_like\">What will your website look like?</a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n<span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Dealing_with_files\">Dealing with files</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics\">HTML basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/CSS_basics\">CSS basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/JavaScript_basics\">JavaScript basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Publishing_your_website\">Publishing your website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/How_the_Web_works\">How the web works</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML\">HTML — Structuring the web</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Introduction to HTML</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML\">Introduction to HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Getting_started\">Getting started with HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/The_head_metadata_in_HTML\">What's in the head? Metadata in HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/HTML_text_fundamentals\">HTML text fundamentals</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Creating_hyperlinks\">Creating hyperlinks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Advanced_text_formatting\">Advanced text formatting</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Document_and_website_structure\">Document and website structure</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Debugging_HTML\">Debugging HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Marking_up_a_letter\">Marking up a letter</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Structuring_a_page_of_content\">Structuring a page of content</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Multimedia and embedding</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding\">Multimedia and embedding</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Images_in_HTML\">Images in HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Video_and_audio_content\">Video and audio content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Other_embedding_technologies\">From object to iframe — other embedding technologies</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web\">Adding vector graphics to the web</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images\">Responsive images</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Mozilla_splash_page\">Mozilla splash page</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>HTML tables</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables\">HTML tables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Basics\">HTML table basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Advanced\">HTML table advanced features and accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Structuring_planet_data\">Structuring planet data</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS\">CSS — Styling the web</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>CSS first steps</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps\">CSS first steps</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/What_is_CSS\">What is CSS?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Getting_started\">Getting started with CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_is_structured\">How CSS is structured</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_works\">How CSS works</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Styling_a_biography_page\">Styling a biography page</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>CSS building blocks</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks\">CSS building blocks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors\">CSS selectors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Type_Class_and_ID_Selectors\">Type, class, and ID selectors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Attribute_selectors\">Attribute selectors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Pseudo-classes_and_pseudo-elements\">Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Combinators\">Combinators</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_and_inheritance\">Cascade, specificity, and inheritance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_layers\">Cascade layers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/The_box_model\">The box model</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Backgrounds_and_borders\">Backgrounds and borders</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Handling_different_text_directions\">Handling different text directions</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Overflowing_content\">Overflowing content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Values_and_units\">CSS values and units</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Sizing_items_in_CSS\">Sizing items in CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Images_media_form_elements\">Images, media, and form elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Styling_tables\">Styling tables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Advanced_styling_effects\">Advanced styling effects</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Debugging_CSS\">Debugging CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Organizing\">Organizing your CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension\">Fundamental CSS comprehension</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Creating_fancy_letterheaded_paper\">Creating fancy letterheaded paper</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/A_cool_looking_box\">A cool-looking box</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Styling text</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text\">CSS styling text</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Fundamentals\">Fundamental text and font styling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_lists\">Styling lists</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_links\">Styling links</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Web_fonts\">Web fonts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Typesetting_a_homepage\">Typesetting a community school homepage</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>CSS layout</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout\">CSS layout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction\">Introduction to CSS layout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow\">Normal Flow</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox\">Flexbox</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Grids\">Grids</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Floats\">Floats</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Positioning\">Positioning</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Multiple-column_Layout\">Multiple-column layout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design\">Responsive design</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Media_queries\">Beginner's guide to media queries</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Legacy_Layout_Methods\">Legacy layout methods</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Supporting_Older_Browsers\">Supporting older browsers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension\">Fundamental layout comprehension</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript\">JavaScript — Dynamic client-side scripting</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>JavaScript first steps</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps\">JavaScript first steps</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_is_JavaScript\">What is JavaScript?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/A_first_splash\">A first splash into JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_went_wrong\">What went wrong? Troubleshooting JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Variables\">Storing the information you need — Variables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Math\">Basic math in JavaScript — numbers and operators</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Strings\">Handling text — strings in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Useful_string_methods\">Useful string methods</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Arrays\">Arrays</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Silly_story_generator\">Silly story generator</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>JavaScript building blocks</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks\">JavaScript building blocks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals\">Making decisions in your code — conditionals</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Looping_code\">Looping code</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Functions\">Functions — reusable blocks of code</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Build_your_own_function\">Build your own function</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Return_values\">Function return values</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Events\">Introduction to events</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Event_bubbling\">Event bubbling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Image_gallery\">Image gallery</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Introducing JavaScript objects</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects\">Introducing JavaScript objects</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Basics\">JavaScript object basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_prototypes\">Object prototypes</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object-oriented_programming\">Object-oriented programming</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Classes_in_JavaScript\">Classes in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/JSON\">Working with JSON</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_building_practice\">Object building practice</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features\">Adding features to our bouncing balls demo</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Asynchronous JavaScript</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous\">Asynchronous JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing\">Introducing asynchronous JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Promises\">How to use promises</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Implementing_a_promise-based_API\">How to implement a promise-based API</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing_workers\">Introducing workers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Sequencing_animations\">Sequencing animations</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Client-side web APIs</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs\">Client-side web APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Introduction\">Introduction to web APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Manipulating_documents\">Manipulating documents</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Fetching_data\">Fetching data from the server</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Third_party_APIs\">Third-party APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Drawing_graphics\">Drawing graphics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs\">Video and Audio APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Client-side_storage\">Client-side storage</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms\">Web forms — Working with user data</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Web form building blocks</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms\">Web form building blocks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Your_first_form\">Your first form</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form\">How to structure a web form</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls\">Basic native form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML5_input_types\">The HTML5 input types</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Other_form_controls\">Other form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Styling_web_forms\">Styling web forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Advanced_form_styling\">Advanced form styling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes\">UI pseudo-classes</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Form_validation\">Client-side form validation</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_and_retrieving_form_data\">Sending form data</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Advanced web form techniques</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_build_custom_form_controls\">How to build custom form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_forms_through_JavaScript\">Sending forms through JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Property_compatibility_table_for_form_controls\">CSS property compatibility table for form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML_forms_in_legacy_browsers\">HTML forms in legacy browsers</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility\">Accessibility — Make the web usable by everyone</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Accessibility guides</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility\">Accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility\">What is accessibility?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/HTML\">HTML: A good basis for accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript\">CSS and JavaScript accessibility best practices</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics\">WAI-ARIA basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Multimedia\">Accessible multimedia</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Mobile\">Mobile accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting\">Assessment: Accessibility troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance\">Performance — Making websites fast and responsive</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Performance guides</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance\">Web performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/why_web_performance\">The \"why\" of web performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/What_is_web_performance\">What is web performance?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Perceived_performance\">Perceived performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Measuring_performance\">Measuring performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Multimedia\">Multimedia: Images</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/video\">Multimedia: video</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/JavaScript\">JavaScript performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/HTML\">HTML performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/CSS\">CSS performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/business_case_for_performance\">The business case for web performance</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML\">MathML — Writing mathematics with MathML</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>MathML first steps</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps\">MathML first steps</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Getting_started\">Getting started with MathML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Text_containers\">MathML Text Containers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Fractions_and_roots\">MathML fractions and roots</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Scripts\">MathML scripted elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Tables\">MathML tables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Three_famous_mathematical_formulas\">Three famous mathematical formulas</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Games\">Games — Developing games for the web</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Guides and tutorials</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Games/Introduction\">Introduction to game development for the Web</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques\">Techniques for game development</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Games/Tutorials\">Tutorials</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Games/Publishing_games\">Publishing games</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing\">Tools and testing</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Client-side web development tools</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools\">Understanding client-side web development tools</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Overview\">Client-side tooling overview</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line\">Command line crash course</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Package_management\">Package management basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Introducing_complete_toolchain\">Introducing a complete toolchain</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Deployment\">Deploying our app</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Introduction to client-side frameworks</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Introduction\">Introduction to client-side frameworks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Main_features\">Framework main features</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>React</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started\">Getting started with React</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning\">Beginning our React todo list</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components\">Componentizing our React app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_events_state\">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering\">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_accessibility\">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_resources\">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Ember</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_getting_started\">Getting started with Ember</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_structure_componentization\">Ember app structure and componentization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_interactivity_events_state\">Ember interactivity: Events, classes and state</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_conditional_footer\">Ember Interactivity: Footer functionality, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_routing\">Routing in Ember</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_resources\">Ember resources and troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Vue</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started\">Getting started with Vue</a></li><li><em><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component\" aria-current=\"page\">Creating our first Vue component</a></em></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists\">Rendering a list of Vue components</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_methods_events_models\">Adding a new todo form: Vue events, methods, and models</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_styling\">Styling Vue components with CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties\">Using Vue computed properties</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering\">Vue conditional rendering: editing existing todos</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management\">Vue refs and lifecycle methods for focus management</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_resources\">Vue resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Svelte</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_getting_started\">Getting started with Svelte</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_Todo_list_beginning\">Starting our Svelte to-do list app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_variables_props\">Dynamic behavior in Svelte: working with variables and props</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_components\">Componentizing our Svelte app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_reactivity_lifecycle_accessibility\">Advanced Svelte: Reactivity, lifecycle, accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_stores\">Working with Svelte stores</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_TypeScript\">TypeScript support in Svelte</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_deployment_next\">Deployment and next steps</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Angular</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_getting_started\">Getting started with Angular</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_todo_list_beginning\">Beginning our Angular todo list app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_styling\">Styling our Angular app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_item_component\">Creating an item component</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_filtering\">Filtering our to-do items</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_building\">Building Angular applications and further resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Git and GitHub</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/GitHub\">Git and GitHub</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Cross browser testing</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing\">Cross browser testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Introduction\">Introduction to cross-browser testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Testing_strategies\">Strategies for carrying out testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/HTML_and_CSS\">Handling common HTML and CSS problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/JavaScript\">Handling common JavaScript problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Accessibility\">Handling common accessibility problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Feature_detection\">Implementing feature detection</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Automated_testing\">Introduction to automated testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Your_own_automation_environment\">Setting up your own test automation environment</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side\">Server-side website programming</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>First steps</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps\">Server-side website programming first steps</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction\">Introduction to the server side</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview\">Client-Server Overview</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Web_frameworks\">Server-side web frameworks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Website_security\">Website security</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Django web framework (Python)</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django\">Django Web Framework (Python)</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Introduction\">Django introduction</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/development_environment\">Setting up a Django development environment</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Django Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/skeleton_website\">Django Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Models\">Django Tutorial Part 3: Using models</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Admin_site\">Django Tutorial Part 4: Django admin site</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Home_page\">Django Tutorial Part 5: Creating our home page</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Generic_views\">Django Tutorial Part 6: Generic list and detail views</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Sessions\">Django Tutorial Part 7: Sessions framework</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Authentication\">Django Tutorial Part 8: User authentication and permissions</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Forms\">Django Tutorial Part 9: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Testing\">Django Tutorial Part 10: Testing a Django web application</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Deployment\">Django Tutorial Part 11: Deploying Django to production</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/web_application_security\">Django web application security</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog\">Assessment: DIY Django mini blog</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Express Web Framework (Node.js/JavaScript)</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs\">Express web framework (Node.js/JavaScript)</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction\">Express/Node introduction</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment\">Setting up a Node development environment</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Express Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website\">Express Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/mongoose\">Express Tutorial Part 3: Using a Database (with Mongoose)</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes\">Express Tutorial Part 4: Routes and controllers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Displaying_data\">Express Tutorial Part 5: Displaying library data</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/forms\">Express Tutorial Part 6: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/deployment\">Express Tutorial Part 7: Deploying to production</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions\">Further resources</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary>Common questions</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions\">Common questions</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Howto\">Use HTML to solve common problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Howto\">Use CSS to solve common problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Howto\">Solve common problems in your JavaScript code</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Web_mechanics\">Web mechanics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Tools_and_setup\">Tools and setup</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Design_and_accessibility\">Design and accessibility</a></li></ol></details></li></ol>","source":{"folder":"en-us/learn/tools_and_testing/client-side_javascript_frameworks/vue_first_component","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn/tools_and_testing/client-side_javascript_frameworks/vue_first_component/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/commit/7347dcddbde0fde17a8337bd5be0fd35996060e5","filename":"index.md"},"summary":"Now it's time to dive deeper into Vue, and create our own custom component — we'll start by creating a component to represent each item in the todo list. 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