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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ecology and conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Micronation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Micronation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Micronation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Micronation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ريدوندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريدوندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islla_Redonda_(Antigua_y_Barbuda)" title="Islla Redonda (Antigua y Barbuda) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islla Redonda (Antigua y Barbuda)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Рэдонда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэдонда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda_(parokya)" title="Redonda (parokya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Redonda (parokya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ρεντόντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρεντόντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Redonda_(Antigua_y_Barbuda)" title="Isla Redonda (Antigua y Barbuda) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla Redonda (Antigua y Barbuda)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redondo" title="Redondo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Redondo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_Redonda" title="Illa Redonda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa Redonda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%8F%88%EB%8B%A4%EC%84%AC" title="레돈다섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레돈다섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रेडोन्डा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेडोन्डा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda_(Antigva_i_Barbuda)" title="Redonda (Antigva i Barbuda) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Redonda (Antigva i Barbuda)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="רדונדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רדונדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Редонда – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Редонда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Редонда – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Редонда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda_(Antigua_en_Barbuda)" title="Redonda (Antigua en Barbuda) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Redonda (Antigua en Barbuda)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E5%B3%B6" title="レドンダ島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レドンダ島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Редонда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Редонда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F" title="රෙඩොන්ඩා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රෙඩොන්ඩා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Редонда – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Редонда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda_(parish_i_Antigua_och_Barbuda)" title="Redonda (parish i Antigua och Barbuda) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Redonda (parish i Antigua och Barbuda)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Редонда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Редонда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ریدوندا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریدوندا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Redonda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9D%B1%E9%81%94%E5%B3%B6" title="雷東達島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雷東達島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q457261#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Redonda" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Redonda&params=16_56_18_N_62_20_42_W_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°56′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">62°20′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.93833°N 62.34500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.93833; -62.34500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Uninhabited island and dependency in Saint John, Antigua and Barbuda</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Caribbean island. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Redonda_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Redonda (disambiguation)">Redonda (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Rodondo_Island" title="Rodondo Island">Rodondo Island</a> in Australia or <a href="/wiki/Redonda_Rock" title="Redonda Rock">Redonda Rock</a> in the Galapagos.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Redonda</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Redonda_by_sea_1,_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Redonda_by_sea_1%2C_2023.jpg/260px-Redonda_by_sea_1%2C_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Redonda_by_sea_1%2C_2023.jpg/390px-Redonda_by_sea_1%2C_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Redonda_by_sea_1%2C_2023.jpg/520px-Redonda_by_sea_1%2C_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The island of Redonda, viewed from the south in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Redonda_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Redonda_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/260px-Redonda_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Redonda_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/390px-Redonda_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Redonda_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/520px-Redonda_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="994" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Redonda highlighted in Antigua and Barbuda</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_location_map_Topographic.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Redonda is located in Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Redonda is located in Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Antigua_and_Barbuda_location_map_Topographic.png/260px-Antigua_and_Barbuda_location_map_Topographic.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Antigua_and_Barbuda_location_map_Topographic.png/390px-Antigua_and_Barbuda_location_map_Topographic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Antigua_and_Barbuda_location_map_Topographic.png/520px-Antigua_and_Barbuda_location_map_Topographic.png 2x" data-file-width="1111" data-file-height="1278" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:97.688%;left:7.227%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Redonda"><img alt="Redonda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Redonda</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Antigua and Barbuda</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_Lesser_Antilles.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Redonda is located in Lesser Antilles"><img alt="Redonda is located in Lesser Antilles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Relief_map_of_Lesser_Antilles.png/260px-Relief_map_of_Lesser_Antilles.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Relief_map_of_Lesser_Antilles.png/390px-Relief_map_of_Lesser_Antilles.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Relief_map_of_Lesser_Antilles.png/520px-Relief_map_of_Lesser_Antilles.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="578" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.807%;left:71.535%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Redonda"><img alt="Redonda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Redonda</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Lesser Antilles</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La2-demis-caribbean.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Redonda is located in Caribbean"><img alt="Redonda is located in Caribbean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La2-demis-caribbean.png/260px-La2-demis-caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La2-demis-caribbean.png/390px-La2-demis-caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La2-demis-caribbean.png/520px-La2-demis-caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="561" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.675%;left:87.586%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Redonda"><img alt="Redonda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Redonda</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Caribbean</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Redonda&params=16_56_18_N_62_20_42_W_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°56′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">62°20′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.93833°N 62.34500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.93833; -62.34500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">1.6 km (0.99 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">0.5 km (0.31 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">296 m (971 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parishes_and_dependencies_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parishes and dependencies of Antigua and Barbuda">Parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Parish,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John Parish, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint John</a><sup id="cite_ref-laws.gov.ag_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws.gov.ag-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Additional information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Standard Time">AST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC-4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-4">UTC-4</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Redonda</b> is an <a href="/wiki/List_of_uninhabited_regions" title="List of uninhabited regions">uninhabited</a> <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> which is a dependency of <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Saint John, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>. The island is about 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) long, 0.5 kilometres (0.3 mi) wide, and is 296 metres (971 ft) high at its highest point.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It lies between the islands of <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, 56.2 kilometres (34.9 mi) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a>. Redonda is closer to Montserrat than to any other island; it is located 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi) northwest of Montserrat and 32 kilometres (20 mi) southeast of Nevis. </p><p>Redonda is home to vast numbers of sea birds, and the island was an important source of <a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">guano</a> before artificial fertilisers started to be mass-produced. Guano-mining operations started in the 1860s and ceased after the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. During the mining operations a few buildings and other installations were put in place on the island, and some physical remnants of that phase in its history are still visible. </p><p>"Redonda" is the feminine form of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> adjective meaning "round". In 1493, on his second voyage to the New World, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> saw the island and named it "Santa María la Redonda" (the name in the Spanish language means "Saint Mary the Round"). </p><p>The island was annexed by the Antiguan <a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Parish,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John Parish, Antigua and Barbuda">Parish of Saint John</a> on 26 March 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-laws.gov.ag_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws.gov.ag-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redonda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Antigua_and_Barbuda_map.png/225px-Antigua_and_Barbuda_map.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Antigua_and_Barbuda_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Antigua and Barbuda map with Redonda (lower left).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Redonda_west_cliffs.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Redonda_west_cliffs.JPG/225px-Redonda_west_cliffs.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Redonda_west_cliffs.JPG/338px-Redonda_west_cliffs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Redonda_west_cliffs.JPG/450px-Redonda_west_cliffs.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The west (leeward) coast of Redonda consists almost entirely of sheer cliffs many hundreds of feet high, 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>At a distance, Redonda appears as if it were one very large rock. It is the remnant of an ancient extinct <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a>. The land rises from sea level mostly as sheer cliffs, especially on the <a href="/wiki/Leeward" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeward">leeward</a> (west) side. At the top of the island there is a relatively flat but tilted area of grassland which slopes to the east. There is no source of fresh water other than rain. </p><p>Judging by the name he gave the island, to <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Columbus</a> the island appeared to be rounded, at least in profile. In reality the island is long and narrow, and reaches a height of almost 1,000 feet (300 m). The actual land area of the island is hard to estimate because of the extreme steepness of the slopes, but it is calculated to be somewhere between 1.6 square kilometres (400 acres) and 2.6 square kilometres (640 acres). </p><p>Redonda is uninhabited. The difficult topography, the lack of a safe place to land a boat, and the absence of any freshwater source other than rainfall makes the island inhospitable to humans. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunny_Redonda_w_hut.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sunny_Redonda_w_hut.JPG/180px-Sunny_Redonda_w_hut.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sunny_Redonda_w_hut.JPG/270px-Sunny_Redonda_w_hut.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sunny_Redonda_w_hut.JPG/360px-Sunny_Redonda_w_hut.JPG 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>A small stone hut on the top of the island dates from the days when guano was mined there.</figcaption></figure><p>A herd of feral goats and thousands of rats were cleared from the island in 2017 as part of an <a href="/wiki/Island_restoration" title="Island restoration">island restoration</a> programme.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Redonda_west_coast_detail.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Redonda_west_coast_detail.JPG/225px-Redonda_west_coast_detail.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Redonda_west_coast_detail.JPG/338px-Redonda_west_coast_detail.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Redonda_west_coast_detail.JPG/450px-Redonda_west_coast_detail.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A detail of the west coast shows the reddish volcanic rock cliffs and a small rock islet with a visible intertidal algal zone, 2011</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redonda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1493, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> and his crew became the first known Europeans to see Redonda, on his second journey. He claimed it for the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>, but did not land there. He named the island <i>Santa María la Redonda</i>, meaning Saint Mary the Round, reflecting the island's apparent profile when viewed from the side. </p><p>As the island is a rock of just over a square kilometre, it did not represent any interest for the powers involved in the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">colonisation of the Americas</a> and, for centuries, it was a refuge for <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">pirates</a>. </p><p>In the 1860s, the island became a <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a> possession.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Please clarify the preceding statement or statements with a good explanation from a reliable source. (March 2015)">how?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the decades after the 1860s, the rich <a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">guano</a> deposits of Redonda were <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mined</a> for <a href="/wiki/Fertiliser" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertiliser">fertiliser</a>, with an annual yield of up to 7,000 <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tons</a>. Only during this time was the island inhabited by workers; the population was 120 in 1901. After the guano mining, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_phosphate" title="Aluminium phosphate">aluminium phosphate</a> for <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> production was discovered and mined. A <a href="/wiki/Cableway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cableway">cableway</a> was constructed to transport material down to the loading pier on the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-kras-2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kras-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1914, during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the mining operations ceased, and most workers left the island. Maintenance workers remained on the island until 1929, when a <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a> destroyed almost all the remaining facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-kras-2008_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kras-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island has remained uninhabited since then. Two stone huts still stand from the time when the island was occupied. Although the closest island to Redonda is <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, and the second closest is <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a>, in 1967 Redonda became a dependency of the more distant <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a>, now part of <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a>. </p><p>Scientists from the <a href="/wiki/Montserrat_Volcano_Observatory" title="Montserrat Volcano Observatory">Montserrat Volcano Observatory</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> visit the island in a helicopter periodically; they are using Redonda as an observation point from which to take measurements of the <a href="/wiki/Soufri%C3%A8re_Hills" title="Soufrière Hills">Soufrière Hills</a>, an active volcano on <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_conservation">Ecology and conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redonda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island is a breeding colony for multiple species of <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabirds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been designated an <a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA) by <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> because it supports <a href="/wiki/Red-footed_booby" title="Red-footed booby">red-footed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_booby" title="Brown booby">brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masked_booby" title="Masked booby">masked boobies</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Magnificent_frigatebird" title="Magnificent frigatebird">magnificent frigatebirds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bli_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bli-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Animals <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to the island include the <a href="/wiki/Redonda_ameiva" title="Redonda ameiva">Redonda ground dragon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Redonda_anole" title="Redonda anole">Redonda anole</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an unnamed species of dwarf gecko.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island's local ecology was severely affected by <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>, particularly introduced <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_rat" title="Black rat">rats</a>, for almost a century. <a href="/wiki/Island_restoration" title="Island restoration">Island restoration</a> efforts were initiated in 2016, beginning with removing the island's 60 goats and roughly 6,000 rats.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Redonda Restoration Programme involves the Environmental Awareness Group, Wildlife Management International and <a href="/wiki/Fauna_and_Flora_International" title="Fauna and Flora International">Fauna and Flora International</a>. Several years after the goats were removed, some local plant life began to recover.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_2023_u594_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_2023_u594-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2023, the Redonda Ecosystem Reserve was established, covering nearly 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) of land and sea.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Micronation">Micronation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redonda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Micronation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Redonda" title="Kingdom of Redonda">Kingdom of Redonda</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Redonda_Day.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Redonda_Day.JPG/170px-Redonda_Day.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Redonda_Day.JPG/255px-Redonda_Day.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Redonda_Day.JPG/340px-Redonda_Day.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption>The island of Redonda, seen from <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> in the distance, 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Redonda is the setting for the myth of the "<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Redonda" title="Kingdom of Redonda">Kingdom of Redonda</a>". <a href="/wiki/M._P._Shiel" title="M. P. Shiel">M. P. Shiel</a>, an author of fantasy novels, claimed that in the year of his birth, 1865, his father <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dowdy_Shiell" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Dowdy Shiell">Matthew Dowdy Shiell</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, decided to celebrate his first male child by arranging for the boy to be crowned <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> of Redonda at the age of 15, in a ceremony purportedly carried out on the small island by a bishop. </p><p>Shiel first expressed the idea of the "Kingdom of Redonda" in a promotional leaflet for his books. Since then, the title has been "passed down", and continues to the present day. For a period of time the "Royal" lineage of Redonda had a more or less solely literary theme, with the title being given to writers, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Gawsworth" title="John Gawsworth">John Gawsworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Wynne-Tyson" title="Jon Wynne-Tyson">Jon Wynne-Tyson</a>. Wynne-Tyson (King Juan II), his successor the Spanish novelist <a href="/wiki/Javier_Mar%C3%ADas" title="Javier Marías">Javier Marías</a> (King Xavier), and rival contenders for the Redondan title, such as Gawsworth, William L. Gates and Bob Williamson, were featured in a <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> documentary, <i>Redonda: The Island with Too Many Kings</i>, which was broadcast in May 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redonda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodondo_Island" title="Rodondo Island">Rodondo Island</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a> between <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, which was named for its resemblance to Redonda</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redonda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-laws.gov.ag-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laws.gov.ag_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws.gov.ag_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-373.pdf">"The Redonda Annexation Act"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Marshall Cavendish. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761425700" title="Special:BookSources/9780761425700"><bdi>9780761425700</bdi></a> – via books.google.com. <q>a cableway using baskets was built to transfer the mined phosphate to a pier for shipping</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Redonda&rft.btitle=Antigua+and+Barbuda&rft.series=Cultures+of+the+World&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780761425700&rft.aulast=Kras&rft.aufirst=Sara+Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTnItHSAgevMC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARedonda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mvo.ms/">"MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory"</a>. <i>www.mvo.ms</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=A+Caribbean+island+once+ruled+by+rats+is+now+a+wildlife+haven&rft.date=2023-09-29&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Nell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F09%2F29%2Ftravel%2Fredonda-caribbean-restoration-wildlife-c2e-scn-spc-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARedonda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandy2023" class="citation news cs1">Handy, Gemma (1 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-66922735">"Redonda: Tiny Caribbean island's transformation to wildlife haven"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. St John's, Antigua<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Redonda%3A+Tiny+Caribbean+island%27s+transformation+to+wildlife+haven&rft.date=2023-10-01&rft.aulast=Handy&rft.aufirst=Gemma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-66922735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARedonda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007j7t6">"Redonda: The Island with Too Many Kings"</a>. <i>BBC Radio 4</i>. 27 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Radio+4&rft.atitle=Redonda%3A+The+Island+with+Too+Many+Kings&rft.date=2007-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb007j7t6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARedonda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redonda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/copyright-and-contributors/">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/"><i>The World Factbook</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARedonda" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redonda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiguamuseums.org">Antigua and Barbuda Museum</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Redonda Island"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Redonda_Island">"Redonda Island" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Redonda+Island&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARedonda" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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and dependencies of Antigua and Barbuda</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Saint George, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Saint John, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Saint Mary, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Saint Paul, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Saint Peter, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Philip,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Saint Philip, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint Philip</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/60px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/90px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/120px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbuda" title="Barbuda">Barbuda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Redonda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Antigua_and_Barbuda&#124;link=Antigua_and_Barbuda_Populated_places_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Populated places of <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Largest city: <b><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda">St. John's</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Parish,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint George Parish, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint George</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Hill" title="Barnes Hill">Barnes Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Saint_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, Saint George">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolidge,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosbies" title="Crosbies">Crosbies</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fitches_Creek" title="Fitches Creek">Fitches Creek</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunthorpes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunthorpes">Gunthorpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Winthorpes" title="New Winthorpes">New Winthorpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osbourn,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Osbourn, Antigua and Barbuda">Osbourn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paynters" class="mw-redirect" title="Paynters">Paynters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piggotts" title="Piggotts">Piggotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_View_Farm" title="Sea View Farm">Sea View Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Factory,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Sugar Factory, Antigua and Barbuda">Sugar Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Lightfoot" title="Upper Lightfoot">Upper Lightfoot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Parish,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John Parish, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint John</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelin,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelin, Saint John">Adelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Belmont, Saint John">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendals" title="Bendals">Bendals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Waters,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Waters, Saint John">Blue Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branns_Hamlet" title="Branns Hamlet">Branns Hamlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckleys" title="Buckleys">Buckleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Grove,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedar Grove, Saint John">Cedar Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Valley,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedar Valley, Saint John">Cedar Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Hall,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Clare Hall, Saint John">Clare Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarkes_Hill,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarkes Hill, Saint John">Clarkes Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosbies" title="Crosbies">Crosbies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Emanuel, Saint John">Emanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Islands,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Islands, Saint John">Five Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Grove,_St._John%27s" title="Golden Grove, St. John's">Golden Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenbay" title="Greenbay">Greenbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herberts,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Herberts, Saint John">Herberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Grove,_St._John%27s" title="Nut Grove, St. John's">Nut Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottos,_St._John%27s" title="Ottos, St. John's">Ottos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potters_Village" title="Potters Village">Potters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Range,_St._John%27s" title="Radio Range, St. John's">Radio Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyline,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyline, Saint John">Skyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Claire,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Claire, Saint John">St. Claire</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's, Saint John">St. John's</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johnston,_St._John%27s" title="St. Johnston, St. John's">St. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomlinson,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomlinson, Saint John">Tomlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Gamble%27s" title="Upper Gamble's">Upper Gamble's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa,_St._John%27s" title="Villa, St. John's">Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeptons" title="Yeptons">Yeptons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary_Parish,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Mary Parish, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishops,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishops, Antigua and Barbuda">Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blubber_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Blubber Valley">Blubber Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolans" title="Bolans">Bolans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cades_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cades Bay (page does not exist)">Cades Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cedar_Hall,_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cedar Hall, Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Cedar Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Claremont, Antigua and Barbuda">Claremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabs_Hill" title="Crabs Hill">Crabs Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Ebenezer, Antigua and Barbuda">Ebenezer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glebe,_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glebe, Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Glebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Jennings, Antigua and Barbuda">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hughes,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="John Hughes, Antigua and Barbuda">John Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnsons_Point" title="Johnsons Point">Johnsons Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Division,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="New Division, Antigua and Barbuda">New Division</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Old_Road,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Old Road, Antigua and Barbuda">Old Road</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Valley_Mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange Valley Mill">Orange Valley Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawcolts" title="Sawcolts">Sawcolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaforths,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaforths, Antigua and Barbuda">Seaforths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urlings" title="Urlings">Urlings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorks,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorks, Antigua and Barbuda">Yorks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_Parish,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul Parish, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint Paul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Bethesda, Antigua and Barbuda">Bethesda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burkes,_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burkes, Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Burkes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Hill (page does not exist)">Christian Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delaps (page does not exist)">Delaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Bay,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Dieppe Bay, Antigua and Barbuda">Dieppe Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Harbour" title="English Harbour">English Harbour</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falmouth,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Falmouth, Antigua and Barbuda">Falmouth</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberta,_Antigua" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberta, Antigua">Liberta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathews,_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathews, Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattersons" title="Pattersons">Pattersons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swetes" title="Swetes">Swetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Hill_Gardens" title="Table Hill Gardens">Table Hill Gardens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Parish,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter Parish, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint Peter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamonds,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Diamonds, Antigua and Barbuda">Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemans,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Freemans, Antigua and Barbuda">Freemans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercers_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercers Creek">Mercers Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pares,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Pares, Antigua and Barbuda">Pares</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Parham,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parham, Antigua and Barbuda">Parham</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernons,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Vernons, Antigua and Barbuda">Vernons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Philip_Parish,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Philip Parish, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint Philip</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collins,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Collins, Antigua and Barbuda">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ffryes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ffryes">Ffryes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freetown,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Freetown, Antigua and Barbuda">Freetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glanvilles" title="Glanvilles">Glanvilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Montpelier, Antigua and Barbuda">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfield,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Newfield, Antigua and Barbuda">Newfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seatons" class="mw-redirect" title="Seatons">Seatons</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St._Philips,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Philips, Antigua and Barbuda">St. Phillip's</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willikies" title="Willikies">Willikies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barbuda" title="Barbuda">Barbuda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Codrington,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Codrington, Antigua and Barbuda">Codrington</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbuda-North" title="Barbuda-North">Barbuda-North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbuda-South" title="Barbuda-South">Barbuda-South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbuda-East" title="Barbuda-East">Barbuda-East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Redonda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>n/a</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antigua_and_Barbuda_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antigua_and_Barbuda_topics" title="Template:Antigua and Barbuda topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antigua_and_Barbuda_topics" title="Template talk:Antigua and Barbuda topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antigua_and_Barbuda_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antigua and Barbuda topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antigua_and_Barbuda_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Antigua and Barbuda–related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Pre-Columbian Antigua and Barbuda">Pre-Columbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Antigua" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Antigua">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leeward_Islands" title="British Leeward Islands">British Leeward Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Klaas#Coronation_and_the_plot_to_create_the_Kingdom_of_Antigua" title="Prince Klaas">Kingdom of Antigua plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda_(1871%E2%80%931958)" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda (1871–1958)">Presidency of Antigua (1871–1958)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda_(1958%E2%80%931962)" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda (1958–1962)">Territory of Antigua (1958–1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda_(1962%E2%80%931967)" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda (1962–1967)">Colony of Antigua (1962–1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_State_of_Antigua" title="Associated State of Antigua">Associated State of Antigua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Geography of Antigua and Barbuda">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbuda" title="Barbuda">Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="List of birds of Antigua and Barbuda">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Antigua and Barbuda">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="List of capitals in Antigua and Barbuda">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antiguan_and_Barbudan_settlements_by_population" title="List of Antiguan and Barbudan settlements by population">Population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="List of mammals of Antigua and Barbuda">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parishes_and_dependencies_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parishes and dependencies of Antigua and Barbuda">Parishes and dependencies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Politics of Antigua and Barbuda">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Attorney General of Antigua and Barbuda">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Elections in Antigua and Barbuda">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Flag of Antigua and Barbuda">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Government of Antigua and Barbuda">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Judiciary of Antigua and Barbuda">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Antigua and Barbuda)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Local government in Antigua and Barbuda">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbuda_Council" title="Barbuda Council">Barbuda Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_councils_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="Village councils (Antigua and Barbuda)">Village councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_Defence_Force" title="Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Monarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Royal tours of Antigua and Barbuda">Royal tours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="National security of Antigua and Barbuda">National security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of Antigua and Barbuda">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Antigua and Barbuda">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigua and Barbuda police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="List of political parties in Antigua and Barbuda">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Economy of Antigua and Barbuda">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="List of airlines of Antigua and Barbuda">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="List of companies of Antigua and Barbuda">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_Central_Bank" title="Eastern Caribbean Central Bank">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Caribbean_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="East Caribbean dollar">East Caribbean dollar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="International rankings of Antigua and Barbuda">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="List of newspapers in Antigua and Barbuda">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Trade unions in Antigua and Barbuda">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Transport in Antigua and Barbuda">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Category:Society of Antigua and Barbuda">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Disability in Antigua and Barbuda">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Education in Antigua and Barbuda">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Religion in Antigua and Barbuda">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Demographics of Antigua and Barbuda">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Squatting in Antigua and Barbuda">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Youth in Antigua and Barbuda">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Culture of Antigua and Barbuda">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Art in Antigua and Barbuda">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_Carnival" title="Antigua Carnival">Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudan_Creole" title="Antiguan and Barbudan Creole">Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_cuisine" title="Antigua and Barbuda cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Music of Antigua and Barbuda">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antiguans_and_Barbudans" title="List of Antiguans and Barbudans">Notable Antiguans and Barbudans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Outline of Antigua and Barbuda">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Antigua and Barbuda–related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda#Further_reading" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Category:Antigua and Barbuda">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parish_of_Saint_John" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saint_John" title="Template:Saint John"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saint_John" title="Template talk:Saint John"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saint_John" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saint John"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parish_of_Saint_John" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parish of <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Saint John, Antigua and Barbuda">Saint John</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelin,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelin, Saint John">Adelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Belmont, Saint John">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendals" title="Bendals">Bendals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Waters,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Waters, Saint John">Blue Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branns_Hamlet" title="Branns Hamlet">Branns Hamlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckleys" title="Buckleys">Buckleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Grove,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedar Grove, Saint John">Cedar Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Valley,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedar Valley, Saint John">Cedar Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Hall,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Clare Hall, Saint John">Clare Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarkes_Hill,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarkes Hill, Saint John">Clarkes Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosbies" title="Crosbies">Crosbies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Emanuel, Saint John">Emanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Islands,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Islands, Saint John">Five Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Grove,_St._John%27s" title="Golden Grove, St. John's">Golden Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenbay" title="Greenbay">Greenbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herberts,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Herberts, Saint John">Herberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Grove,_St._John%27s" title="Nut Grove, St. John's">Nut Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottos,_St._John%27s" title="Ottos, St. John's">Ottos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potters_Village" title="Potters Village">Potters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Range,_St._John%27s" title="Radio Range, St. John's">Radio Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyline,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyline, Saint John">Skyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Claire,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Claire, Saint John">St. Claire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's, Saint John">St. John's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johnston,_St._John%27s" title="St. Johnston, St. John's">St. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomlinson,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomlinson, Saint John">Tomlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Gamble%27s" title="Upper Gamble's">Upper Gamble's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa,_St._John%27s" title="Villa, St. John's">Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeptons" title="Yeptons">Yeptons</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_John_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda_(cropped).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint John"><img alt="Saint John" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Saint_John_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda_%28cropped%29.svg/110px-Saint_John_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda_%28cropped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Saint_John_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda_%28cropped%29.svg/165px-Saint_John_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda_%28cropped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Saint_John_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda_%28cropped%29.svg/220px-Saint_John_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda_%28cropped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="253" /></a></span><br /><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/32px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/48px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/64px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="561" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Caribbean portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographical features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boon_Point" title="Boon Point">Boon Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooks_Creek_(Antigua)" title="Cooks Creek (Antigua)">Cooks Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickenson_Bay" title="Dickenson Bay">Dickenson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Island_Harbour" title="Five Island Harbour">Five Island Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinnon%27s_Pond" title="McKinnon's Pond">McKinnon's Pond</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Redonda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Barrington,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Fort Barrington, Antigua and Barbuda">Fort Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_James,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Fort James, Antigua and Barbuda">Fort James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Government House, Antigua and Barbuda">Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Antigua" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Antigua">Kingdom of Antigua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks and tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_Carnival" title="Antigua Carnival">Antigua Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Waters_Hotel" title="Blue Waters Hotel">Blue Waters Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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