The Normale of the Grand Duke | ScuolaNormaleSuperiore

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class="block-inner"><h2>Conoscere la normale</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-conoscere-la-normale" id="block-conoscerelanormale"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-conoscere-la-normale">Conoscere la normale</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--active-trail"> <a href="/en/getting-know-normale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4249">Getting to know the Normale</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/la-normale-si-presenta" title="La Scuola si presenta" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4235">The Normale introduces itself</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--active-trail"> <a href="/en/la-storia" title="Storia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4237">History</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/la-fondazione-il-periodo-napoleonico" title="La Fondazione - Il periodo napoleonico" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4253">The foundation and the Napoleonic 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class="sns-menu-highlight menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span>The library of the Normale</span> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="http://biblio.sns.it/">Web site of the library</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://primo.sns.it/primo-explore/search?vid=39PIS_VISTA">Search the catalogue</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="Studiare in Normale" data-id="1b6c2b9b-7025-4b0d-ac6a-202e36a816c4" data-submenu="1" data-hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/en" target=""> Studying at the SNS </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="900" data-class="" style="width: 900px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="offertavita" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Offerta+Vita</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-offerta-vita" id="block-offertavita"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-offerta-vita">Offerta+Vita</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/didactic-offer" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91">Teaching Syllabus</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/node/8694" title="Classe di Lettere e Filosofia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8694">Faculty of Humanities</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/classe-di-scienze" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8695">Faculty of Sciences</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/classe-di-scienze-politico-sociali" title="Classe di Scienze politico-sociali" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8696">Faculty of Political and Social Sciences</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/course-obligations" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/85">Study regulations</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/es-tutti-i-seminari" title="Seminari" data-drupal-link-system-path="es-tutti-i-seminari">Seminars</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/foreign-languages" title="Lingue straniere" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7590">Foreign Languages</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/node/8925" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8925">English Courses and Materials</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/admission-single-courses" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/473359">Admission to single courses</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/vita-collegiale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7561">College life</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/collegi-e-mensa" title="Collegi e mensa" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7562">Colleges and canteen</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/i-luoghi" title="Luoghi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4238">Places</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="http://biblio.sns.it/" title="Biblioteca">Library</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/opportunita-di-collaborazione" title="Opportunità di collaborazione " data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7563">Collaboration opportunities</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/peer-tutoring" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/124438">Peer tutoring</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/financing-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/58742">Financing opportunities</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/benessere-e-supporto-psicologico" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7564">Psychological wellbeing and support</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/support-people-disabilities" title="Supporto alle disabilità" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8087">Disability support</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/attivita-degli-allievi-e-delle-allieve" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7568">Student activities</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="perchestudiareallanormaleplacement" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Perché studiare alla normale + placement</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-studiare-normale-placement" id="block-perchestudiareallanormaleplacement"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-studiare-normale-placement">Perché studiare alla normale + placement</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/perche-studiare-alla-normale" title="Placement" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7509">Why apply to the Normale?</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/all-avanguardia-per-tradizione" title="All'avanguardia per tradizione" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7510">At the forefront of tradition</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/una-fucina-di-talenti" title="Una fucina di talenti" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7534">A hotbed of talents</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/la-qualita-della-formazione-e-della-ricerca" title="La qualità della formazione e della ricerca" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7535">The quality of training and research</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/connessa-al-mondo" title="Connessa al mondo" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7536">Connected to the world</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/studiare-a-costo-zero" title="Studiare a costo zero" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7537">Study free of charge</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/una-sede-ideale" title="Una sede ideale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7538">An ideal setting</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/placement" title="Placement" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/161">Placement</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/tirocini-incoming" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8095">Incoming internships</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/tirocini-outgoing" title="Tirocini outgoing" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8094">Outgoing Internships</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/orientamento-e-consulenza-personalizzata" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8093">Customised orientation and consultancy</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/seminari-del-placement" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8096">Placement seminars</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/portali-per-il-placement" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8092">Placement portals</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/placement/jobfair" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8091">JOBFair</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/per-aziende-e-istituzioni" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8090">For companies and institutions</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/alumni-e-mentoring" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8089">Alumni and Mentoring</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="sns_orientamento" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-orientamento" id="block-sns-orientamento"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-orientamento">Orientamento</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/university-orientation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/346366">University orientation</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/normale-weekly-orientation-courses" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/333979">The Normale weekly orientation courses</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/alla-normale-anche-tu" title="Alla Normale anche tu" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/138693">Alla Normale anche tu</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/tomorrows-women-scientists" title="Tomorrow's women scientists" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/287438">Tomorrow's women scientists</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/didactic-workshops-sns" title="Didactic Workshops at the SNS" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/264627">Didactic Workshops at the SNS</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/orientation-mini-courses" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/171172">Orientation mini-courses</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/ispira" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/54813">ISPIRA</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/la-normale-va-a-scuola" title="The" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7544">The Normale at school</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/percorsi-le-competenze-trasversali-e-lorientamento" title="Courses in transversal skills and orientation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7556">Courses in transversal skills and orientation</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/orientation-scuola-superiore-santanna" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/333982">Orientation with the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/esiti-delle-selezioni" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7553">Results of selections</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3 sns-main-navigation__last-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="ammissioni" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class="sns-main-navigation__last-row"> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Ammissioni</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-ammissioni" id="block-ammissioni"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-ammissioni">Ammissioni</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="sns-menu-highlight menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span>Admissions</span> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/concorso-ordinario" title="Corso ordinario" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/82">Undergraduate</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/phd-admission-competition" title="Corso PhD" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/84">PhD</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/national-doctorates-and-joint-phd-partner-universities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12101">National Doctorates and Joint PhD at Partner Universities</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sns-menu-highlight menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span>High School Student?</span> </li> <li class="sns-menu-highlight menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span title="Mobilità internazionale">How To Study Abroad</span> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/soggiorni-di-studio-fuori-sede" title="Mobilità internazionale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7594">Outgoing</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sns-menu-highlight menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span>How to attend a single course at the Scuola Normale Superiore</span> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/admission-single-courses" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/473359">How to apply</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li left dropdown-menu" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="1ab3e313-c770-4c1b-a12d-994e4121ab7c" data-submenu="1" data-hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="left" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/ricerca" target=""> Research </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="900" data-class="" style="width: 900px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="farericercainnormale" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Fare ricerca in Normale</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-fare-ricerca-in-normale" id="block-farericercainnormale"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-fare-ricerca-in-normale">Fare ricerca in Normale</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/fare-ricerca-in-normale" title="La ricerca in Normale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7604">Research at the Normale</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/cutting-edge-research" title="Una ricerca all'avanguardia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7605">Cutting-edge research</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/departments-excellence" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/166988">Departments of Excellence</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/node/132881" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/132881">PNRR Projects</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/valorisation-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7610">Valorisation of research</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/open-science" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/26962">Open Science</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/dissemination-research" title="Disseminazione della ricerca" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7576">Dissemination of research</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/research-assessment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7607">Research Quality Assessment (VQR)</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="laboratoriecentridiricerca" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Laboratori e Centri di ricerca</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-laboratori-e-centri-di-ricerca" id="block-laboratoriecentridiricerca"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-laboratori-e-centri-di-ricerca">Laboratori e Centri di ricerca</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/research-and-innovation-structures" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8888">Research and innovation structures</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/laboratori-e-centri" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7612">Laboratories and Centres</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/gruppi-di-ricerca" title="Gruppi di ricerca" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7494">Research groups</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/spin-offs-and-start-ups" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/219402">Spin-offs and start-ups</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/support-centres" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8887">Support Centres</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="strumentidisseminazionericerca" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Strumenti+Disseminazione-ricerca</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-strumenti-disseminazione-ricerca" id="block-strumentidisseminazionericerca"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-strumenti-disseminazione-ricerca">Strumenti+Disseminazione-ricerca</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span title="Strumenti per la ricerca">Tools for Research</span> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/joint-ethical-committee-research" title="Comitato Etico per la ricerca" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7606">The Joint Ethical Committee for Research</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.sns.it/it/regolamenti#regolamenti-per-la-ricerca" title="Regolamenti per la ricerca">Research Regulations</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://sns.first.art-er.it/" title="Opportunità e finanziamenti">Research opportunities and funding</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3 sns-main-navigation__last-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="ricercafondibrevetto_2" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class="sns-main-navigation__last-row"> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Ricerca-fondi+brevetto</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-ricerca-fondi-brevetto" id="block-ricercafondibrevetto-2"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-ricerca-fondi-brevetto">Ricerca-fondi+brevetto</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="sns-menu-highlight menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span>Catalogue of researchers' publications</span> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://ricerca.sns.it/" title="Institutional Research Information System">IRIS - Institutional Research Information System</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sns-menu-highlight menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span>How to</span> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/open-science-how" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/31947">Open Science</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/guida/how-use-research-funds" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/158322">Use research funds</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li left dropdown-menu" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="9bc0668b-c402-424e-9f96-d25a2cdfa926" data-submenu="1" data-hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="left" data-target=""> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/terza-missione" target=""> Third Mission </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="900" data-class="" style="width: 900px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="publicengagement" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Public engagement</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-public-engagement" id="block-publicengagement"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-public-engagement">Public engagement</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/public-engagement" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7565">Public engagement</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/comunicare-la-ricerca" title="Comunicare la ricerca" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7543">Communicating research</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/i-concerti-della-normale" title="I concerti della Normale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4234">The "Concerti della Normale"</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/node/133345" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/133345">Il Cinema della Normale</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/students-forum" title="Forum degli Allievi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7542">The students' forum</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/ispira" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/54813">ISPIRA Project</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/le-letture-della-normale" title="Le letture della Normale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7541">The "Letture della Normale"</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/piazza-dei-cavalieri-project" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/207602">Piazza dei Cavalieri Project</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/coordinamento-terza-missione-produzione-beni-pubblici" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8176">Third mission/Public Engagement co-ordination </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="sns_disseminazionedellaricerca" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Disseminazione della ricerca</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-disseminazione-della-ricerca" id="block-sns-disseminazionedellaricerca"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-disseminazione-della-ricerca">Disseminazione della ricerca</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/dissemination-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7576">Dissemination of research</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/convegni-e-giornate-di-studi" title="Convegni, conferenze e workshop" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7662">Meetings, conferences and workshops</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/i-colloqui-della-classe-di-scienze" title="I Colloqui della Classe di Scienze" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7660">The Colloqui della Classe di Scienze</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="valorizzazionedellaricerca" data-blocktitle="1" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Valorizzazione della ricerca</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-valorizzazione-della-ricerca" id="block-valorizzazionedellaricerca"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-valorizzazione-della-ricerca">Valorizzazione della ricerca</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en/valorisation-research" title="Valorizzazione della ricerca" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7610">Valorisation of research</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/gestione-della-proprieta-intellettuale" title="Gestione della proprietà intellettuale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8074">Tutelage of the intellectual property</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/creazione-di-imprese-spin-e-start" title="Creazione di imprese, spin-off e start up" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8075">Academic entrepreneurship</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/rapporti-con-il-contesto-industriale" title="Rapporti con il contesto industriale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8076">Collaboration with companies</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a 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data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class="sns-main-navigation__last-row"> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><h2>Cerchi informazioni sui concerti della Normale?</h2><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="id-menu-cerchi-informazioni-sui-concerti" id="block-cerchiinformazionisuiconcertidellanormale"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="id-menu-cerchi-informazioni-sui-concerti">Cerchi informazioni sui concerti della Normale?</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="sns-menu-highlight menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span>La piattaforma video SNS della ricerca e della cultura </span> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://allaenne.sns.it/">Alla Enne</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sns-menu-highlight menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span>Accademia dei Lincei and Normale per la scuola</span> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/corsi-di-aggiornamento-insegnanti" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7557">Refresher courses for teachers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sns-menu-highlight menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <span>Normale's events</span> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/es-tutti-gli-eventi" data-drupal-link-system-path="es-tutti-gli-eventi">All the events</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </header>  <div id="main" class="sns-main-content"> <div class="sns-container"></div> <div class="sns-container sns-container--main"> <div class="region region-subheader"> <div id="block-sns-breadcrumbs" class="block-system block-sns-breadcrumbs"> <nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li> <a href="/en">Home</a> </li> <li> The Normale of the Grand Duke </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> <a name="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="content-wrapper" class="sns-main-content-wrapper"> <section id="content" class="sns-content"> <div id="content-header"> </div>  <div id="content-area" class="sns-content-area"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div><div id="block-sns-content" class="block-system block-sns-content"> <article data-history-node-id="7496" class="node"> <div class="content"> <div class="sns-subheader sns-subheader--image sns-subheader--centered layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="block-layout-builder"> <div class="sns-field page__hp-slider-image"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-01/granducale%20large.jpg" width="1440" height="400" alt="The period of the Grand Duchy" /> </div> </div> <div class="sns-page-title block-layout-builder"> <h1>The Normale of the Grand Duke</h1> </div> <div class="sns-subheader__description block-layout-builder"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted sns-field page__hp-slider-body"><p>After the Napoleonic closure, in <strong>1843 </strong>the Normale reopens and moves to its present site, the Palazzo della Carovana. Among the students of this period is the future Nobel prizewinner Giosuè Carducci.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--33-67 sns-page-section-content"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="sns-widget sns-widget--list sns-widget--list-contextual-menu block-sns-sito"> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--active-trail"> <a href="/en/getting-know-normale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4249">Getting to know the Normale</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/la-normale-si-presenta" title="La Scuola si presenta" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4235">The Normale introduces itself</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--active-trail"> <a href="/en/la-storia" title="Storia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4237">History</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/la-fondazione-il-periodo-napoleonico" title="La Fondazione - Il periodo napoleonico" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4253">The foundation and the Napoleonic period</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--active-trail"> <a href="/en/la-scuola-normale-toscana-il-periodo-granducale" title="La Normale del Granduca" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7496" class="is-active">The Normale of the Grand Duke</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/la-scuola-normale-del-regno-ditalia-il-periodo-post-unitario" title="La Scuola Normale del Regno d'Italia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4255">The Scuola Normale of the Kingdom of Italy (the Regno d’Italia)</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/la-riforma-gentiliana-il-periodo-fascista" title="La riforma gentiliana e Il periodo fascista" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7497">The Gentile Reform and the Fascist period</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/decadenza-e-ripresa-il-periodo-bellico-e-del-dopoguerra" title="Decadenza e ripresa: il dopoguerra" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7498">Decadence and recovery: the postwar period</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/dal-dopoguerra-a-oggi" title="Dalla repubblica a oggi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7499">From the Republic to the present day</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/directors-scuola-normale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9257">The Directors of the Scuola Normale</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/i-luoghi" title="Luoghi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4238">Places</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/piano-programmatico-di-sviluppo" title="Piano programmatico di sviluppo" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7491">The Programmatic Development Plan</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/organi-collegiali" title="Organi collegiali" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4240">Authorities</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/statuto-regolamenti-e-codice-etico" title="Statuto, Regolamenti e Codice etico" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7492">Statute, Regulations and Ethical code</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/equity-diversity-inclusion-well-being" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8873">Equity, diversity, inclusion, well-being</a> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/en/sostenibilita-ambientale" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/180941">Environmental sustainability</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/associations-and-foundations" title="Associazioni e fondazioni" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4239">Associations and foundations</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="http://qualita.sns.it/" title="Assicurazione della qualità">Ensuring quality</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/communication-sns" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/22414">Communication at the SNS</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="sns-page-section-body block-layout-builder"> <div class="sns-field sns-field--body page__body"><p> </p> <p>The period of closure of the Normale after the Napoleonic phase was actually quite short. The Grand Duke's decree of 22nd December 1817 re-established the ancient Ordine dei Cavalieri di Santo Stefano (the Order of the Knights of St. Stephen) in Pisa; in <strong>1843 </strong>the Council of the Order proposed to establish a "boarding school for young nobles" at the Palazzo della Carovana together with a Scuola Normale. <br /> In addition, Grand Duke Leopold II re-established the original function of the Normale, that of preparing teachers of the secondary school, On 28th November 1846 a grand-ducal Motuproprio established the<strong> Scuola Normale Toscana,</strong> also called Imperial Regia Scuola Normale (because it was connected to the Austrian system). On November 15th, 1847 the new headquarters at Palazzo della Carovana were inaugurated.<br /> The new Scuola was "t<strong>heoretical and practical</strong>", intended to "train teachers of secondary schools"; it was a boarding school that offered ten free places (with preference given to the Knights of the Order), which could be accessed by call at the age of eighteen, in addition to other paid places.<br /> The boarding school was attended exclusively by students of Philosophy and Philology, while students of Physical and Mathematical Sciences at the University were aggregated to the Normale: the latter, however, were required to attend the pedagogy course and to practice teaching by doing teacher training in schools, in keeping with a strong professional connotation which was later to be abandoned. The course of studies lasted three years.<br /> In the grand-ducal period the Scuola was affected by the <strong>political climate</strong>: following the enthusiasm of the Risorgimento, the fear of subversive movements and tumults led to reactionary and confessional attitudes much lamented by the students themselves, including <strong>Giosuè Carducci</strong>, who was a student there between 1853 and 1856.<br /> </p></div> </div> <div class="sns-wrapper block-layout-builder block is-block-gallery"> </div> <div class="block-sns-sito"> <section class="sns-accordion"> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section>  </div>  </div>  </div>   <footer id="footer-region" role="contentinfo" class="page-footer sns-footer"> <div class="sns-footer__main">  <div class="sns-container"> <div id="block-footersocialmediaeng" class="block-block-content block-footersocialmediaeng"> <div class="sns-field sns-field--body basic__body"> <div class="sns-footer__social"> <h2 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