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id="toc-Subsequent_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Operation_Grouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Grouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Operation Grouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Grouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Order of battle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Order_of_battle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Order of battle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Order_of_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Bluecoat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3_Bluecoat" title="Operació Bluecoat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Operació Bluecoat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Bluecoat" title="Operation Bluecoat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Operation Bluecoat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Bluecoat" title="Operación Bluecoat – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Operación Bluecoat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Bluecoat" title="Opération Bluecoat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opération Bluecoat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%A8%EC%BD%94%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9E%91%EC%A0%84" title="블루코트 작전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="블루코트 작전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Bluecoat" title="Operazione Bluecoat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Operazione Bluecoat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatie_Bluecoat" title="Operatie Bluecoat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Operatie Bluecoat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacja_Bluecoat" title="Operacja Bluecoat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Operacja Bluecoat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%C2%BB" title="Операция «Блюкот» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Операция «Блюкот»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="புளூகோட் நடவடிக்கை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புளூகோட் நடவடிக்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95" title="ปฏิบัติการบลูโคต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิบัติการบลูโคต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%C2%BB" title="Операція «Блюкот» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Операція «Блюкот»" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British offensive in the 1944 Battle of Normandy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Bluecoat</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a>, the Battle of Normandy</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8190.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8190.jpg/250px-The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8190.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8190.jpg/375px-The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8190.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8190.jpg/500px-The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8190.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="799" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Universal_Carrier" title="Universal Carrier">Universal Carriers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> of the <a href="/wiki/15th_(Scottish)_Infantry_Division" title="15th (Scottish) Infantry Division">15th (Scottish) Infantry Division</a> move forward during Operation Bluecoat, 30 July 1944.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>30 July – 7 August 1944</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Operation_Bluecoat&params=48_50_34_N_0_53_32_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°50′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°53′32″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.84278°N 0.89222°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.84278; -0.89222</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Allied victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Miles_Dempsey" title="Miles Dempsey">Miles Dempsey</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hausser" title="Paul Hausser">Paul Hausser</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 3 armoured divisions<br />3 infantry divisions<br />2 armoured brigades <br /> (over 700 tanks)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> rising to: 4 panzer divisions<br />2 infantry divisions</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 5,114 (VIII Corps only) <br /> 246 tanks (excluding light casualties)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> +100 tanks (including light casualties)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Operation_Fortitude" title="Operation Fortitude"><i>Fortitude</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Zeppelin_(deception_plan)" title="Operation Zeppelin (deception plan)"><i>Zeppelin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Titanic" title="Operation Titanic"><i>Titanic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Day_naval_deceptions" title="D-Day naval deceptions">Taxable, Glimmer & Big Drum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Combined Bomber Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointblank_directive" title="Pointblank directive">Pointblank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Plan" title="Transport Plan">Transport Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Postage_Able" title="Operation Postage Able"><i>Postage Able</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tarbrush" title="Operation Tarbrush"><i>Tarbrush</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Tiger" title="Exercise Tiger">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Fabius" title="Exercise Fabius">Fabius</a></li></ul> <p><b>Airborne assault</b><br />British Sector </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tonga" title="Operation Tonga"><i>Tonga</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Caen_canal_and_Orne_river_bridges" title="Capture of the Caen canal and Orne river bridges">Caen canal and Orne river bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Merville_Gun_Battery" title="Battle of Merville Gun Battery">Merville Battery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mallard" title="Operation Mallard"><i>Mallard</i></a></li></ul> <p><i><a href="/wiki/American_airborne_landings_in_Normandy" title="American airborne landings in Normandy">American Sector</a></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Albany" title="Mission Albany">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Boston" title="Mission Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Chicago" title="Mission Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Detroit" title="Mission Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Elmira" title="Mission Elmira">Elmira</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a></b><br />American Sector </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Beach" title="Omaha Beach">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Beach" title="Utah Beach">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_du_Hoc" title="Pointe du Hoc">Pointe du Hoc</a></li></ul> <p>Anglo-Canadian Sector </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gambit" title="Operation Gambit"><i>Gambit</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_Beach" title="Sword Beach">Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_Beach" title="Juno Beach">Juno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Beach" title="Gold Beach">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Port-en-Bessin" title="Battle of Port-en-Bessin">Port-en-Bessin</a></li></ul> <p><b>Logistics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_logistics_in_the_Normandy_campaign" title="American logistics in the Normandy campaign">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chastity" title="Operation Chastity">Operation Chastity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_logistics_in_the_Normandy_campaign" title="British logistics in the Normandy campaign">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pluto" title="Operation Pluto">Pluto</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Ground campaign</b><br />American Sector </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9court_Manor_Assault" title="Brécourt Manor Assault">Brécourt Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Graignes" title="Battle of Graignes">Graignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Haye-du-Puits" title="Battle of La Haye-du-Puits">La Haye-du-Puits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Battle of Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carentan" title="Battle of Carentan">Carentan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bloody_Gulch" title="Battle of Bloody Gulch">Hill 30</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cherbourg" title="Battle of Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Cherbourg" title="Bombardment of Cherbourg">Naval</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Anglo-Canadian Sector </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Caen" title="Battle for Caen">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Br%C3%A9ville" title="Battle of Bréville">Bréville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Perch" title="Operation Perch"><i>Perch</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villers-Bocage" title="Battle of Villers-Bocage">Villers-Bocage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Le_Mesnil-Patry" title="Battle of Le Mesnil-Patry">Le Mesnil-Patry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_massacres" title="Normandy massacres">Normandy massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardenne_Abbey_massacre" title="Ardenne Abbey massacre">Ardenne Abbey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douvres_Radar_Station" title="Battle of Douvres Radar Station">Douvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martlet" title="Operation Martlet"><i>Martlet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Epsom" title="Operation Epsom"><i>Epsom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Windsor" title="Operation Windsor"><i>Windsor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Charnwood" title="Operation Charnwood"><i>Charnwood</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jupiter_(1944)" title="Operation Jupiter (1944)"><i>Jupiter</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Odon" title="Second Battle of the Odon">2nd Odon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atlantic" title="Operation Atlantic"><i>Atlantic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Goodwood" title="Operation Goodwood"><i>Goodwood</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verri%C3%A8res_Ridge" title="Battle of Verrières Ridge">Verrières Ridge</a></li></ul> <p><b>Breakout</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra"><i>Cobra</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring" title="Operation Spring"><i>Spring</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Bluecoat</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Totalize" title="Operation Totalize"><i>Totalize</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Hill_140" title="Battle for Hill 140">Hill 140</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_L%C3%BCttich" title="Operation Lüttich"><i>Lüttich</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tractable" title="Operation Tractable"><i>Tractable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_262" title="Hill 262">Hill 262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chambois" title="Battle of Chambois">Chambois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falaise_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Falaise Pocket">Falaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Malo" title="Battle of Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Brest" title="Battle for Brest">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine_River_Crossing_at_Mantes-Gassicourt" title="Seine River Crossing at Mantes-Gassicourt">Mantes-Gassicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Allied siege of La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a></li></ul> <p><b>Air and Sea operations</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ushant_(1944)" title="Battle of Ushant (1944)">Ushant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_raid_on_La_Caine_HQ" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF raid on La Caine HQ">La Caine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Cherbourg" title="Bombardment of Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pierres_Noires" title="Battle of Pierres Noires">Pierres Noires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Audierne_Bay" title="Battle of Audierne Bay">Audierne Bay</a></li></ul> <p><b>Supporting operations</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jedburgh" title="Operation Jedburgh"><i>Jedburgh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dingson" title="Operation Dingson"><i>Dingson</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Samwest" title="Operation Samwest"><i>Samwest</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Titanic" title="Operation Titanic"><i>Titanic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cooney" title="Operation Cooney"><i>Cooney</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bulbasket" title="Operation Bulbasket"><i>Bulbasket</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Houndsworth" title="Operation Houndsworth"><i>Houndsworth</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Loyton" title="Operation Loyton"><i>Loyton</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kipling" title="Operation Kipling"><i>Kipling</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_Wallace_and_Hardy" title="Operations Wallace and Hardy"><i>Wallace</i> & <i>Hardy</i></a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Aftermath</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_cemeteries_in_Normandy" title="List of military cemeteries in Normandy">Cemeteries</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p><b>Operation Bluecoat</b> was a British <a href="/wiki/Military_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Military offensive">offensive</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Normandy">Battle of Normandy</a>, from 30 July until 7 August 1944, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. The geographical objectives of the attack, undertaken by <a href="/wiki/VIII_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="VIII Corps (United Kingdom)">VIII Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/XXX_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XXX Corps (United Kingdom)">XXX Corps</a> of the British <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Second Army (United Kingdom)">Second Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Miles_Dempsey" title="Miles Dempsey">Miles Dempsey</a>), were to secure the road junction of <a href="/wiki/Vire" title="Vire">Vire</a> and the high ground of <a href="/wiki/Mont_Pin%C3%A7on" title="Mont Pinçon">Mont Pinçon</a>. </p><p>The attack was made at short notice to exploit the success of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra">Operation Cobra</a> by the <a href="/wiki/First_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="First United States Army">First US Army</a> after it broke out on the western flank of the Normandy <a href="/wiki/Beachhead" title="Beachhead">beachhead</a> and to exploit the withdrawal of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Panzer_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Panzer Division">2nd Panzer Division</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Caumont-l%27%C3%89vent%C3%A9" title="Caumont-l'Éventé">Caumont</a> area, to take part in <a href="/wiki/Operation_L%C3%BCttich" title="Operation Lüttich"><i>Unternehmen Lüttich</i></a> (Operation Liège) a German <a href="/wiki/Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">counter-offensive</a> against the Americans. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 18 to 20 July, the British Second Army conducted <a href="/wiki/Operation_Goodwood" title="Operation Goodwood">Operation Goodwood</a> on the eastern flank of the Allied beachhead south-east of <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>, in a southerly direction, which had forced the Germans to keep the bulk of their armoured units in the east around Caen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004327–352_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004327–352-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Goodwood, <a href="/wiki/Ultra_(cryptography)" title="Ultra (cryptography)">Ultra</a> revealed that the Germans planned to withdraw the <a href="/wiki/21st_Panzer_Division" title="21st Panzer Division">21st Panzer Division</a> into reserve, before moving to the west (American) sector of the front. On 25 July, after a false start the day before, the <a href="/wiki/First_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="First United States Army">First US Army</a> began <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra">Operation Cobra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004381–386_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004381–386-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_preparations">Allied preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Allied preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8181.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8181.jpg/220px-The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8181.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8181.jpg/330px-The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8181.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8181.jpg/440px-The_British_Army_in_Normandy_1944_B8181.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell tanks</a> of the 7th Armoured Division move up in the morning of 30 July 1944</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The boundary between the British <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Second Army (United Kingdom)">Second Army</a> (Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a> Miles Dempsey) and the US First Army was moved, the British taking over from the <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V US Corps</a>, against which were lightly-armed but well dug in German infantry, an opportunity for a new operation to keep tying down German armour. The VIII Corps headquarters and the <a href="/wiki/7th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">7th</a>, <a href="/wiki/11th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="11th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">11th</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guards_Armoured" class="mw-redirect" title="Guards Armoured">Guards Armoured</a> divisions were moved westwards towards <a href="/wiki/Caumont-l%27%C3%89vent%C3%A9" title="Caumont-l'Éventé">Caumont</a> on the western flank of <a href="/wiki/XXX_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XXX Corps (United Kingdom)">XXX Corps</a>. Dempsey planned to attack on 2 August but the speed of events forced him to advance the date.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004386_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004386-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_preparations">German preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: German preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 21 July the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Panzer_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Panzer Division">2nd Panzer Division</a> had been withdrawn from the area south of Caumont and relieved by the <a href="/wiki/326th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="326th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">326th Division</a>, which took over a 10 mi (16 km) front from the east of <a href="/wiki/Villers-Bocage,_Calvados" title="Villers-Bocage, Calvados">Villers-Bocage</a>, next to the <a href="/wiki/276th_Volksgrenadier_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="276th Volksgrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)">276th Infantry Division</a>, westwards to the Drôme river, the boundary between the LXXIV Korps in <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Panzergruppe_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzergruppe West">Panzergruppe West</a></i></span> and the <a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Army (Wehrmacht)">7th Army</a>. The 326th Division, south and east of Caumont, was up to strength and took over a large number of field defences and camouflaged firing positions behind extensive minefields in the ideal defensive terrain of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Suisse_Normande" class="mw-redirect" title="Suisse Normande">Suisse Normande</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Bocage" title="Bocage">bocage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish200919–21_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish200919–21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plan">Plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XXX Corps was to lead the attack with the <a href="/wiki/43rd_(Wessex)_Infantry_Division" title="43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division">43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division</a> advancing to the top of Bois du Homme (Point 361). The left flank was to be protected by the <a href="/wiki/50th_(Northumbrian)_Infantry_Division" title="50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division">50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division</a> with the 7th Armoured Division in reserve. On the right, western flank, XXX Corps was to be protected by the <a href="/wiki/VIII_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="VIII Corps (United Kingdom)">VIII Corps</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/15th_(Scottish)_Infantry_Division" title="15th (Scottish) Infantry Division">15th (Scottish) Infantry Division</a> attacking south from Caumont and the 11th Armoured Division attacking cross-country further west, ready to exploit a German collapse by advancing towards Petit Aunay, 3.7 mi (6.0 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-des-Besaces" title="Saint-Martin-des-Besaces">Saint-Martin-des-Besaces</a>. A raid by over <span class="nowrap">1,000 bombers</span> rather than an artillery bombardment was to prepare the way for the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish200921,_25–26,_28_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish200921,_25–26,_28-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the rush to prepare Bluecoat, the usual scale of artillery and aircraft support was not possible. Preparatory barrages and <a href="/wiki/Counter-battery_fire" title="Counter-battery fire">counter-battery fire</a> were not to be used, artillery concentrations would be fired on the German forward positions instead. <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command" title="RAF Bomber Command">RAF Bomber Command</a> was to use its heavy bombers on four areas about 5,000 yd (4,600 m) in front of XXX Corps with medium bombers of the US <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force" title="Ninth Air Force">Ninth Air Force</a> attacking three areas in front of VIII Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004388_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004388-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the bombing was scheduled for an hour after the start of the operation. Tactical air forces were held for support rather than be used before the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004388_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004388-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Lo_Breakthrough.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Saint_Lo_Breakthrough.jpg/220px-Saint_Lo_Breakthrough.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Saint_Lo_Breakthrough.jpg/330px-Saint_Lo_Breakthrough.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Saint_Lo_Breakthrough.jpg/440px-Saint_Lo_Breakthrough.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="966" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Operations Cobra and Bluecoat</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Visibility was poor with low dense cloud that affected air support; as well as making bombing difficult it stopped fighter-bomber support until the afternoon. More than half of the 700 RAF bombers were recalled without dropping their bombs as they could not see their targets. The USAAF bombed through thick cloud but the bombers accurately placed 2,000 long tons (2,000 t) of bombs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004388_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004388-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="I can't see mention of tonnage or accuracy in the 1962 edition (September 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> The damage to German equipment was slight, partly because there was little of it in the target areas and because the 43rd and 50th divisions were held just beyond the start line, well north of the target areas in their sector. The advance of the left flank units of the 11th Armoured Division through "Area A" made rapid progress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECopp200090_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECopp200090-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many British units were held up by minefields, sunken roads, thick hedges and steep gullies but in the centre the attackers gained 5 mi (8.0 km).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004389–393_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004389–393-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 July, the 11th Armoured Division of VIII Corps exploited a German inter–army boundary weakness and discovered an undefended bridge ("Dickie's Bridge") 5 mi (8.0 km) behind the German front, over the <a href="/wiki/Souleuvre" title="Souleuvre">River Souleuvre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish200985–96_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish200985–96-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reinforcing the opportunity quickly with <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell tanks</a> followed by further support units, they defeated the first German armoured units sent to counter-attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004393–394_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004393–394-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British forces advanced to about 5 mi (8.0 km) short of <a href="/wiki/Vire" title="Vire">Vire</a> by 2 August, which was on the American side of the army boundary. There was confusion as to who had the rights to use certain roads and the British attack was restricted and diverted south-east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009177–188_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009177–188-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_commune_FR_insee_code_14629.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Map_commune_FR_insee_code_14629.png/220px-Map_commune_FR_insee_code_14629.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Map_commune_FR_insee_code_14629.png/330px-Map_commune_FR_insee_code_14629.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Map_commune_FR_insee_code_14629.png/440px-Map_commune_FR_insee_code_14629.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">St-Martin-des-Besaces (Map commune FR insee code 14629)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The 7th Army was able to reinforce the town with troops from the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Parachute_Division_(Germany)" title="3rd Parachute Division (Germany)">3rd Fallschirmjager Division</a>, which was being forced south by the V US Corps and to move elements of the <a href="/wiki/9th_SS_Panzer_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="9th SS Panzer Division">9th SS Panzer Division</a> south-west to close the gap between the 7th Army and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Panzergruppe West</i></span> and the British advance was held up by the German reinforcements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009177–188_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009177–188-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VIII Corps also had to protect its eastern flank, because XXX Corps had not kept up the same rate of advance. The commander of XXX Corps, Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Bucknall" title="Gerard Bucknall">Gerard Bucknall</a>, was dismissed on 2 August and the commander of the 7th Armoured Division, <a href="/wiki/Major-general_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-general (United Kingdom)">Major-General</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Erskine" title="George Erskine">George Erskine</a>, was sacked the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009137,_194_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009137,_194-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Brian_Horrocks" title="Brian Horrocks">Brian Horrocks</a>, a veteran of the <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North African campaign</a> replaced Bucknall on 4 August. The Second Army advance was brought to a temporary halt on 4 August. Vire fell to an American night attack by the <a href="/wiki/116th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="116th Infantry Regiment (United States)">116th Infantry Regiment</a> (US <a href="/wiki/29th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="29th Infantry Division (United States)">29th Division</a>) against the German 363rd Division on 6 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009271–274_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009271–274-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day, the 43rd (Wessex) Division and tanks of the <a href="/wiki/13th/18th_Royal_Hussars" title="13th/18th Royal Hussars">13th/18th Royal Hussars</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Mont_Pin%C3%A7on" title="Mont Pinçon">Mont Pinçon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004408–411_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004408–411-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operation Bluecoat kept German armoured units fixed on the British eastern flank and continued the wearing down of the German armoured formations in the area. The breakthrough in the centre of the Allied front surprised the Germans, when they were distracted by the Allied attacks at both ends of the Normandy bridgehead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009301_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009301-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of the American break-out at <a href="/wiki/Avranches" title="Avranches">Avranches</a>, there was little to no reserve strength left for Operation Luttich, the German counter-offensive, which was defeated by 12 August. The 7th Army had no choice but to retire rapidly east of the <a href="/wiki/Orne_(river)" title="Orne (river)">Orne</a> river, covered by a rearguard of all the remaining armoured and motorised units, to allow time for the surviving infantry to reach the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>. After the first stage of the withdrawal beyond the Orne, the manoeuvre collapsed for a lack of fuel, Allied air attacks and the constant pressure of the Allied armies, culminating in the encirclement of many German forces in the <a href="/wiki/Falaise_pocket" title="Falaise pocket">Falaise pocket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004419–433_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004419–433-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During Bluecoat and later operations in Normandy, VIII Corps suffered <span class="nowrap">5,114 casualties.</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2006142_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2006142-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_operations">Subsequent operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Subsequent operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operation_Grouse">Operation Grouse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Operation Grouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With news from the American sector by 9 August that <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Unternehmen Lüttich</i></span> (Operation Liège), the German counter-offensive from Mortain, had been defeated, O'Connor planned a new attack, either to pin down the German defenders opposite VIII Corps or to precipitate a collapse. The 3rd Division would advance around Vire and the Guards Armoured Division was to advance down Perrier Ridge, VIII Corps establishing itself on high ground between <a href="/wiki/Tinchebray" title="Tinchebray">Tinchebray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-sur-Noireau" title="Condé-sur-Noireau">Condé-sur-Noireau</a> around Mont de Cerisi, about 12 mi (20 km) south-east of Vire. A three-phase attack was planned by the Guards Armoured Division and the attached 6th Guards Tank Brigade, to begin on 11 August but the day dawned with a dense mist, which prevented the preliminary bombing and disorganised the tank–infantry attack. German defensive fire restricted the advance on the eastern flank to 400 yd (370 m). In the centre, three <a href="/wiki/Panther_tank" title="Panther tank">Panther</a> tanks were spotted in a farmyard at Le Haut Perrier and ambushed, two being knocked out and the survivor being set on fire on the southern outskirts of the village by a <a href="/wiki/PIAT" title="PIAT">PIAT</a> gunner. The British advance continued towards Point 242 north of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AAnedoll%C3%A9_(former_commune)" title="Chênedollé (former commune)">Chênedollé</a>, where a German counter-attack knocked out six <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">Sherman</a> tanks for a loss of two Panthers and a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmgesch%C3%BCtz_III" title="Sturmgeschütz III">Sturmgeschütz III</a></i></span> assault gun. To the west, the 2nd Irish Guards–5th Coldstream tank–infantry group made faster progress and reached the west side of Chênedollé. When the village was attacked it was found that the garrison had withdrawn and as the bombers had failed to arrive, the village was consolidated and further attacks were postponed and then cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009278–286_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009278–286-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the right of the Guards Armoured Division, the attack began at <span class="nowrap">9:00 a.m.</span> along a road running south through <a href="/wiki/Viessoix" title="Viessoix">Viessoix</a> and le Broulay, 1.9 mi (3 km) further on, thence to <a href="/wiki/Moncy" title="Moncy">Moncy</a>, 5.0 mi (8 km) to the east, protected on the right by the advance of the 3rd Division. From Moncy, the attack was to be continued to Point 260 on Mont de Cerisi 3.1 mi (5 km) further on. German resistance was as determined as that in the east. To the north of La Personnerie, minefields covered by fire from the 3rd <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fallschirmjäger</i></span> Division, held up the advance. In the afternoon an attempt to detour to the east through Le Val was also blocked, the advance having covered only 2,600 ft (800 m) in five hours. With the attack bogged down at Le Val and <a href="/wiki/Viessoix" title="Viessoix">Viessoix</a> the troops at Le Val were withdrawn during the evening and new orders were received to hold the Vire–<a href="/wiki/Vassy,_Calvados" title="Vassy, Calvados">Vassy</a> road.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009286–290_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009286–290-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_battle">Order of battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Order of battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British">British</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: British"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_mont_pincon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Monument_mont_pincon.jpg/220px-Monument_mont_pincon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Monument_mont_pincon.jpg/330px-Monument_mont_pincon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Monument_mont_pincon.jpg/440px-Monument_mont_pincon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Royal Hussars Monument</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Second Army (Miles Dempsey)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/VIII_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="VIII Corps (United Kingdom)">VIII Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_O%27Connor" title="Richard O'Connor">Richard O'Connor</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/15th_(Scottish)_Infantry_Division" title="15th (Scottish) Infantry Division">15th (Scottish) Infantry Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gordon_MacMillan" title="Gordon MacMillan">Gordon MacMillan</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guards_Armoured_Division" title="Guards Armoured Division">Guards Armoured Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allan_Adair" title="Allan Adair">Allan Adair</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/11th_Armoured_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Armoured Division">11th Armoured Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/%22Pip%22_Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title=""Pip" Roberts">"Pip" Roberts</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd Infantry Division</a> (temporarily attached) (<a href="/wiki/Lashmer_Whistler" title="Lashmer Whistler">Lashmer Whistler</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMead2007335_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMead2007335-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/6th_Guards_Tank_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Guards Tank Brigade (United Kingdom)">6th Guards Tank Brigade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Lloyd-Verney" title="Gerald Lloyd-Verney">Gerald Verney</a> to 3 August then <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Walter_Barttelot,_4th_Baronet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Walter Barttelot, 4th Baronet (page does not exist)">Sir Walter Barttelot</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/8th_Army_Group_Royal_Artillery" title="8th Army Group Royal Artillery">8th Army Group Royal Artillery</a> (Archibald Campbell of Achalader)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBAOR2021_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBAOR2021-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/XXX_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XXX Corps (United Kingdom)">XXX Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerard_Bucknall" title="Gerard Bucknall">Gerard Bucknall</a> to 2 August then <a href="/wiki/Brian_Horrocks" title="Brian Horrocks">Brian Horrocks</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/43rd_(Wessex)_Infantry_Division" title="43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division">43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ivor_Thomas_(British_Army_officer)" title="Ivor Thomas (British Army officer)">Ivor Thomas</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/50th_(Northumbrian)_Infantry_Division" title="50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division">50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/Douglas_Alexander_Graham" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Alexander Graham">Douglas Alexander Graham</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/7th_Armoured_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)">7th Armoured Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_Erskine" title="George Erskine">George Erskine</a> to 4 August then <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_Lloyd_Verney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald Lloyd Verney (page does not exist)">Gerald Verney</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/8th_Armoured_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="8th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)">8th Armoured Brigade</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_Prior-Palmer" title="George Prior-Palmer">George Prior-Palmer</a>)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German">German</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: German"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Panzergruppe West</i> (renamed 5th Panzer Army, August 1944) (<a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Eberbach" title="Heinrich Eberbach">Heinrich Eberbach</a>)<br />initially present: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/XLVII_Panzer_Corps" title="XLVII Panzer Corps">XLVII Panzer Corps</a> (part) (<a href="/wiki/Hans_Freiherr_von_Funck" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Freiherr von Funck">Hans Freiherr von Funck</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/276th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="276th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">276th Infantry Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/Curt_Badinski" title="Curt Badinski">Curt Badinski</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/326th_Infantry_Division" title="326th Infantry Division">326th Infantry Division</a> (Viktor von Drabich-Wächter)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>reinforcements </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/II_SS_Panzer_Corps" title="II SS Panzer Corps">II SS Panzer Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bittrich" title="Wilhelm Bittrich">Wilhelm Bittrich</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/9th_SS_Panzer_Division_Hohenstaufen" title="9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen">9th SS Panzer Division <i>Hohenstaufen</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Friedrich-Wilhelm_Bock" title="Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock">Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/10th_SS_Panzer_Division_Frundsberg" title="10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg">10th SS Panzer Division <i>Frundsberg</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Heinz_Harmel" title="Heinz Harmel">Heinz Harmel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/21st_Panzer_Division" title="21st Panzer Division">21st Panzer Division</a> (Edgar Feuchtinger)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1st_SS_Division_Leibstandarte_SS_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler">1st SS Panzer Division <i>Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler</i></a> (part) (<a href="/wiki/Theodor_Wisch" title="Theodor Wisch">Theodor Wisch</a>)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_actions">Notable actions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Night attack by 5th <a href="/wiki/DCLI" class="mw-redirect" title="DCLI">DCLI</a> on Les Plessis Grimoult, south of Mont Pinçon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004409–410_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004409–410-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Destruction of most of a Squadron from <a href="/wiki/6th_Guards_Tank_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Guards Tank Brigade (United Kingdom)">6th Guards Tank Brigade</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/Jagdpanther" title="Jagdpanther">Jagdpanther</a></i> tank destroyers of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">654 Schwere Panzerjägerabteilung</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish200968–74_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish200968–74-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_tank" title="Rhino tank">Rhino tank</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data for the orders of battle of the British and German forces are taken from the British Official History, Ellis, L. F. The Battle of Normandy (1962).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004521–530,_553_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004521–530,_553-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004327–352-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004327–352_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, pp. 327–352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004381–386-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004381–386_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, pp. 381–386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004386-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004386_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, p. 386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish200919–21-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish200919–21_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaglish2009">Daglish 2009</a>, pp. 19–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish200921,_25–26,_28-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish200921,_25–26,_28_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaglish2009">Daglish 2009</a>, pp. 21, 25–26, 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004388-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004388_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004388_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004388_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, p. 388.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECopp200090-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECopp200090_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCopp2000">Copp 2000</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004389–393-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004389–393_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, pp. 389–393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish200985–96-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish200985–96_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaglish2009">Daglish 2009</a>, pp. 85–96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004393–394-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004393–394_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, pp. 393–394.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009177–188-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009177–188_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009177–188_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaglish2009">Daglish 2009</a>, pp. 177–188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009137,_194-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009137,_194_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaglish2009">Daglish 2009</a>, pp. 137, 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009271–274-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009271–274_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaglish2009">Daglish 2009</a>, pp. 271–274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004408–411-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004408–411_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, pp. 408–411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009301-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009301_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaglish2009">Daglish 2009</a>, p. 301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004419–433-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004419–433_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, pp. 419–433.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2006142-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2006142_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2006">Jackson 2006</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009278–286-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009278–286_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaglish2009">Daglish 2009</a>, pp. 278–286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009286–290-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish2009286–290_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaglish2009">Daglish 2009</a>, pp. 286–290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004521–530,_553-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004521–530,_553_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, pp. 521–530, 553.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMead2007335-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMead2007335_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMead2007">Mead 2007</a>, p. 335.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBAOR2021-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBAOR2021_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBAOR2021">BAOR 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004409–410-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004409–410_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, pp. 409–410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaglish200968–74-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaglish200968–74_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaglish2009">Daglish 2009</a>, pp. 68–74.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBAOR2021" class="citation book cs1"><i>British Army of the Rhine Battlefield Tour: Operation Bluecoat - Directing Staff Edition</i> (repr. ed.). Germany: BAOR: Naval and Military Press, Uckfield. 2021 [1947]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78331-812-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78331-812-4"><bdi>978-1-78331-812-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Army+of+the+Rhine+Battlefield+Tour%3A+Operation+Bluecoat+-+Directing+Staff+Edition&rft.place=Germany%3A+BAOR&rft.edition=repr.&rft.pub=Naval+and+Military+Press%2C+Uckfield&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-78331-812-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopp2000" class="citation book cs1">Copp, T., ed. (2000). <i>Montgomery's Scientists: Operational Research in Northwest Europe. The work of No. 2 Operational Research Section with 21 Army Group June 1944 to July 1945</i>. Waterloo Ontario: LCMSDS. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9697955-9-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9697955-9-9"><bdi>978-0-9697955-9-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Montgomery%27s+Scientists%3A+Operational+Research+in+Northwest+Europe.+The+work+of+No.+2+Operational+Research+Section+with+21+Army+Group+June+1944+to+July+1945&rft.place=Waterloo+Ontario&rft.pub=LCMSDS&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-9697955-9-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaglish2009" class="citation book cs1">Daglish, I. (2009) [2002]. <i>Operation Bluecoat</i>. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85052-912-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85052-912-8"><bdi>978-0-85052-912-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operation+Bluecoat&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-85052-912-8&rft.aulast=Daglish&rft.aufirst=I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Ellis" title="Lionel Ellis">Ellis, L. F.</a> (2004) [1962]. <i>Victory in the West. Volume I: The Battle of Normandy</i>. <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Second_World_War" title="History of the Second World War">History of the Second World War</a>, United Kingdom Military Series (repr. Naval & Military Press ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84574-058-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84574-058-0"><bdi>978-1-84574-058-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victory+in+the+West.+Volume+I%3A+The+Battle+of+Normandy&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Second+World+War%2C+United+Kingdom+Military+Series&rft.edition=repr.+Naval+%26+Military+Press&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84574-058-0&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=L.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2006" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, G. S. (2006) [1948]. <i>Operations of Eighth Corps: Account of Operations From Normandy to the River Rhine</i> (repr. MLRS ed.). London: St Clements Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905696-25-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905696-25-3"><bdi>978-1-905696-25-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+of+Eighth+Corps%3A+Account+of+Operations+From+Normandy+to+the+River+Rhine&rft.place=London&rft.edition=repr.+MLRS&rft.pub=St+Clements+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-905696-25-3&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=G.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMead2007" class="citation book cs1">Mead, R. (2007). <i>Churchill's Lions: A Biographical Guide to the Key British Generals of World War II</i>. Stroud: Spellmount. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86227-431-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86227-431-0"><bdi>978-1-86227-431-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill%27s+Lions%3A+A+Biographical+Guide+to+the+Key+British+Generals+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-86227-431-0&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Buckley_(historian)" title="John Buckley (historian)">Buckley, J.</a> (2014) [2013]. <i>Monty's Men: The British Army and the Liberation of Europe</i> (pbk. ed.). London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-20534-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-20534-3"><bdi>978-0-300-20534-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monty%27s+Men%3A+The+British+Army+and+the+Liberation+of+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.edition=pbk.&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-300-20534-3&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaglish2003" class="citation book cs1">Daglish, Ian (2003). <i>Normandy: Operation Bluecoat: The British Armoured Breakout</i>. Battleground Europe. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85052-912-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85052-912-3"><bdi>0-85052-912-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Normandy%3A+Operation+Bluecoat%3A+The+British+Armoured+Breakout&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.series=Battleground+Europe&rft.pub=Leo+Cooper&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-85052-912-3&rft.aulast=Daglish&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelaforce1993" class="citation book cs1">Delaforce, P. (1993). <i>The Black Bull: from Normandy to the Baltic with the 11th Armoured Division</i>. Stroud: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-0406-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-0406-3"><bdi>978-0-7509-0406-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+Bull%3A+from+Normandy+to+the+Baltic+with+the+11th+Armoured+Division&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-0406-3&rft.aulast=Delaforce&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelaforce1994" class="citation book cs1">Delaforce, P. (1994). <i>The Fighting Wessex Wyverns: from Normandy to Bremerhaven with the 43rd (Wessex) Division</i> (2002 ed.). Stroud: Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-3187-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-3187-8"><bdi>978-0-7509-3187-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fighting+Wessex+Wyverns%3A+from+Normandy+to+Bremerhaven+with+the+43rd+%28Wessex%29+Division&rft.place=Stroud&rft.edition=2002&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-3187-8&rft.aulast=Delaforce&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEssame1952" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Essame" title="Hubert Essame">Essame, H.</a> (1952). <i>The 43rd Wessex Division at War 1944–45</i>. London: William Clowes & Sons. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/861227384">861227384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+43rd+Wessex+Division+at+War+1944%E2%80%9345&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Clowes+%26+Sons&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F861227384&rft.aulast=Essame&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillGroves1946" class="citation book cs1">Gill, R.; Groves, J. (1946). <i>Club Route in Europe: the Story of 30 Corps in the European Campaign</i> (1st ed.). Hannover: Werner Degener. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/255796710">255796710</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Club+Route+in+Europe%3A+the+Story+of+30+Corps+in+the+European+Campaign&rft.place=Hannover&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Werner+Degener&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F255796710&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Groves%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2003" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, E. (2003). <i>Mont Pincon</i>. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85052-944-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85052-944-9"><bdi>978-0-85052-944-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mont+Pincon&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Leo+Cooper&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-85052-944-9&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJary1987" class="citation book cs1">Jary, S. (1987). <i>18 Platoon</i> (2003 ed.). Winchester: Light Infantry. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-901655-01-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-901655-01-8"><bdi>978-1-901655-01-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=18+Platoon&rft.place=Winchester&rft.edition=2003&rft.pub=Light+Infantry&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-1-901655-01-8&rft.aulast=Jary&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2014" class="citation book cs1">Martin, H. G. (2014) [1948]. <i>The History of the Fifteenth Scottish Division 1939–1945</i> (facs. repr. Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). Edinburgh: Blackwood. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78331-085-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78331-085-2"><bdi>978-1-78331-085-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Fifteenth+Scottish+Division+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.edition=facs.+repr.+Naval+%26+Military+Press%2C+Uckfield&rft.pub=Blackwood&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78331-085-2&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=H.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParsonsHill2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parsons,_6th_Earl_of_Rosse" title="Michael Parsons, 6th Earl of Rosse">Parsons, M.</a>; Hill, E. R. (2017) [1956]. <i>The Story of the Guards Armoured Division</i> (repr. Pen & Sword, Barnsley ed.). London: Geoffrey Bles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-52670-043-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-52670-043-8"><bdi>978-1-52670-043-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Guards+Armoured+Division&rft.place=London&rft.edition=repr.+Pen+%26+Sword%2C+Barnsley&rft.pub=Geoffrey+Bles&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-52670-043-8&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Hill%2C+E.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilmot1952" class="citation book cs1">Wilmot, C. (1952). <i>The Struggle For Europe</i> (Wordsworth 1997 ed.). London: Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85326-677-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85326-677-5"><bdi>978-1-85326-677-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+For+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Wordsworth+1997&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1952&rft.isbn=978-1-85326-677-5&rft.aulast=Wilmot&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Bluecoat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bluecoat&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/maps/europe/zoomify138896.html">British Library map, Caumont</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/maps/europe/zoomify138888.html">British Library map, Vire</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memorial-montormel.org/bluecoat_british_progression_2_130.html">Operation Bluecoat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memorial-montormel.org/11th_armoured_division_8220_taurus_pursuant_8221__2_118.html">11th Armoured Division</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102063504/http://www.waratlas.org/campaigns/4">Atlas of Bluecoat maps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laperceedubocage.fr">Museum dedicated to Operation Bluecoat in Normandy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051028183651/http://www.veteransagency.mod.uk/pdfolder/60th_anniversary/normandy.pdf">UK MoD Brochure on Normandy</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Leaders</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul"><i>Keelhaul</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim"><i>Osoaviakhim</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip"><i>Paperclip</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sexual violence</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">German prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Soviet prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a></i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage"><i>Cottage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest"><i>Tempest</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go"><i>Ichi-Go</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord"><i>Overlord</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings"><i>Neptune</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden"><i>Market Garden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow"><i>Crossbow</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive"><i>Pointblank</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte"><i>Bodenplatte</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Primary_articles_on_the_Battle_of_Normandy,_Western_Front,_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Battle_of_Normandy" title="Template:Battle of Normandy"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Battle_of_Normandy" title="Template talk:Battle of Normandy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Battle_of_Normandy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Battle of Normandy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Primary_articles_on_the_Battle_of_Normandy,_Western_Front,_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Primary articles on the Battle of Normandy, <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Overlord</a> (overall plan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Neptune</a> (assault plan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_airborne_landings_in_Normandy" title="American airborne landings in Normandy">American airborne landings in Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atlantic" title="Operation Atlantic">Atlantic</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bluecoat</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Charnwood" title="Operation Charnwood">Charnwood</a> (UK and Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra">Cobra</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Caen_canal_and_Orne_river_bridges" title="Capture of the Caen canal and Orne river bridges">Capture of Caen and Orne bridges</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Epsom" title="Operation Epsom">Epsom</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fortitude" title="Operation Fortitude">Fortitude</a> (Deception plan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Goodwood" title="Operation Goodwood">Goodwood</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Odon" title="Second Battle of the Odon">Greenline, Pomegranate and Express</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jupiter_(1944)" title="Operation Jupiter (1944)">Jupiter</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_L%C3%BCttich" title="Operation Lüttich"><i>Lüttich</i></a> (German)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mallard" title="Operation Mallard">Mallard</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martlet" title="Operation Martlet">Martlet</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Perch" title="Operation Perch">Perch</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring" title="Operation Spring">Spring</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Titanic" title="Operation Titanic">Titanic</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tonga" title="Operation Tonga">Tonga</a> (UK 6th Airborne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Totalize" title="Operation Totalize">Totalize</a> (Canada, Poland, UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tractable" title="Operation Tractable">Tractable</a> (Canada, Poland, UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Windsor" title="Operation Windsor">Windsor</a> (Canada)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Brest" title="Battle for Brest">Brest</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Br%C3%A9ville" title="Battle of Bréville">Bréville</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Caen" title="Battle for Caen">Caen</a> (UK, Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carentan" title="Battle of Carentan">Carentan</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chambois" title="Battle of Chambois">Chambois</a> (Canada, Poland, US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cherbourg" title="Battle of Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Merville_Gun_Battery" title="Battle of Merville Gun Battery">Merville Battery</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verri%C3%A8res_Ridge" title="Battle of Verrières Ridge">Verrières Ridge</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villers-Bocage" title="Battle of Villers-Bocage">Villers-Bocage</a> (UK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Landing points (<abbr title="West">W</abbr>→<abbr title="East">E</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Beach" title="Utah Beach">Utah</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Beach" title="Omaha Beach">Omaha</a> (US) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_du_Hoc" title="Pointe du Hoc">Pointe du Hoc</a> (US)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Beach" title="Gold Beach">Gold</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_Beach" title="Juno Beach">Juno</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_Beach" title="Sword Beach">Sword</a> (UK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Logistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_logistics_in_the_Normandy_campaign" title="American logistics in the Normandy campaign">American logistics in the Normandy campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_logistics_in_the_Normandy_campaign" title="British logistics in the Normandy campaign">British logistics in the Normandy campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pluto" title="Operation Pluto">Pluto</a> (Pipe-Line Under The Ocean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chastity" title="Operation Chastity">Operation Chastity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Gun batteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amfreville_battery" title="Amfreville battery">Amfreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azeville_battery" title="Azeville battery">Azeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisbecq_Battery" title="Crisbecq Battery">Crisbecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houlgate_battery" title="Houlgate battery">Houlgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longues-sur-Mer_battery" title="Longues-sur-Mer battery">Longues-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisy_battery" title="Maisy battery">Maisy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merville_Gun_Battery" title="Merville Gun Battery">Merville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Canisy_battery" title="Mont Canisy battery">Mont Canisy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falaise_pocket" title="Falaise pocket">Falaise pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_262" title="Hill 262">Hill 262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillman_Fortress" title="Hillman Fortress">Hillman Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Bridge" title="Pegasus Bridge">Pegasus Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_cemeteries_in_Normandy" title="List of military cemeteries in Normandy">Military cemeteries in Normandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall" title="Atlantic Wall">Atlantic Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">D-Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Day_naval_deceptions" title="D-Day naval deceptions">D-Day naval deceptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobart%27s_Funnies" title="Hobart's Funnies">Hobart's Funnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_tank" title="Rhino tank">Rhino tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_forces_in_the_Normandy_campaign" title="List of Allied forces in the Normandy campaign">Allied forces in Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodyguard" title="Operation Bodyguard">Operation Bodyguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Operation Dragoon</a> (France, UK, US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jedburgh" title="Operation Jedburgh">Operation Jedburgh</a> (France, UK, US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6,_1944,_order_of_the_day" title="June 6, 1944, order of the day">June 6, 1944, order of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Western_Europe_speech" title="People of Western Europe speech">People of Western Europe speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rommel%27s_asparagus" title="Rommel's asparagus">Rommel's asparagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting_for_Operation_Overlord" title="Weather forecasting for Operation Overlord">Weather forecasting for Operation Overlord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714293#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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