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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarxa_d%27acc%C3%A9s_per_r%C3%A0dio" title="Xarxa d'accés per ràdio – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xarxa d'accés per ràdio" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1diov%C3%A1_p%C5%99%C3%ADstupov%C3%A1_s%C3%AD%C5%A5" title="Rádiová přístupová síť – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rádiová přístupová síť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkzugangsnetz" title="Funkzugangsnetz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Radio_access_network" title="Special:EditPage/Radio access network">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Radio+access+network%22">"Radio access network"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Radio+access+network%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Radio+access+network%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Radio+access+network%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Radio+access+network%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Radio+access+network%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <span class="anchor" id="O-RAN"></span> </p><p>A <b>radio access network</b> (<b>RAN</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is part of a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile telecommunication">mobile telecommunication</a> system implementing a <a href="/wiki/Radio_access_technology" title="Radio access technology">radio access technology</a> (RAT). Conceptually, it resides between a device such as a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a>, a computer, or any remotely controlled machine and provides connection with its <a href="/wiki/Core_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Core network">core network</a> (CN). Depending on the standard, mobile phones and other wireless connected devices are varyingly known as <a href="/wiki/User_equipment" title="User equipment">user equipment</a> (UE), <a href="/wiki/Terminal_equipment" title="Terminal equipment">terminal equipment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_station" title="Mobile station">mobile station</a> (MS), etc. RAN functionality is typically provided by a <a href="/wiki/Silicon_chip" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon chip">silicon chip</a> residing in both the core network as well as the user equipment. See the following diagram: </p> <pre> CN / ⧵ / ⧵ RAN RAN / ⧵ / ⧵ UE UE UE UE </pre> <p>Examples of RAN types are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="GRAN">GRAN</a>: <a href="/wiki/Global_System_for_Mobile_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Global System for Mobile Communications">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GERAN" title="GERAN">GERAN</a>: essentially the same as GRAN but specifying the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE</a> packet radio services</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="UTRAN">UTRAN</a>: <a href="/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Mobile Telecommunications System">UMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-UTRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="E-UTRAN">E-UTRAN</a>: The <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">Long Term Evolution (LTE)</a> high speed and low <a href="/wiki/Network_latency" class="mw-redirect" title="Network latency">latency</a></li></ul> <p>It is also possible for a single handset/phone to be simultaneously connected to multiple RANs. Handsets capable of this are sometimes called dual-mode handsets. For instance it is common for handsets to support both GSM and UMTS (a.k.a. "3G") RATs. Such devices seamlessly transfer an ongoing call between different radio access networks without the user noticing any disruption in service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="RAN_in_the_United_States">RAN in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_access_network&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: RAN in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to research company New Street, mobile providers <a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile US</a> and <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> use <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> communication company <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> as their primary RAN provider, while <a href="/wiki/Verizon_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Communications">Verizon</a> primarily uses <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> provider <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>. Nokia is the minority vendor for all major US wireless providers. According to EJL Wireless Research, Verizon is also using Ericsson.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_access_network&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirHop_Communications" title="AirHop Communications">AirHop Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP_connectivity_access_network" title="IP connectivity access network">IP connectivity access network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-RAN" title="C-RAN">C-RAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access_network" title="Access network">Access network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_transceiver_station" title="Base transceiver station">Base transceiver station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_radio_head" title="Remote radio head">Remote radio head</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_access_network&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/radio-access-network-RAN">"What is a Radio Access Network (RAN)?"</a>. <i>SearchNetworking</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SearchNetworking&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Radio+Access+Network+%28RAN%29%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techtarget.com%2Fsearchnetworking%2Fdefinition%2Fradio-access-network-RAN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadio+access+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2023" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Dan (2023-12-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.silverliningsinfo.com/5g/ericssons-open-ran-whats-next">"Verizon is already working with Ericsson on Open RAN, one analyst says"</a>. <i>Silverlinings</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Silverlinings&rft.atitle=Verizon+is+already+working+with+Ericsson+on+Open+RAN%2C+one+analyst+says&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.silverliningsinfo.com%2F5g%2Fericssons-open-ran-whats-next&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadio+access+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio_access_network&oldid=1219714325">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio_access_network&oldid=1219714325</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_technology" title="Category:Radio technology">Radio technology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2022">Articles needing additional references from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 April 2024, at 11:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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