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</a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libyan/Middle_Eastern_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libyan/Middle_Eastern_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Libyan/Middle Eastern arms </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Libyan/Middle_Eastern_arms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Libyan/Middle Eastern arms subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Libyan/Middle_Eastern_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Libya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Libya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compensation_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compensation_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Compensation claims </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compensation_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine_Liberation_Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine_Liberation_Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Palestine Liberation Organization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine_Liberation_Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mainland_European_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mainland_European_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Mainland European arms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mainland_European_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_arms_deals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_arms_deals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Last arms deals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_arms_deals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline:_The_IRA's_importation_of_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline:_The_IRA's_importation_of_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Timeline: The IRA's importation of weapons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline:_The_IRA's_importation_of_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decommissioning_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decommissioning_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Decommissioning of arms </div> </a> <ul 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Republican weapons smuggling into Northern Ireland during The Troubles</div> <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> arms importation in forms of both <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">explosives</a> began in the early 1970s during <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a>. With these weapons it conducted an <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_campaign" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army campaign">armed campaign against the British state in Northern Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_American_arms">North American arms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: North American arms">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> To continue and escalate its armed campaign, the IRA needed to be better equipped, which meant securing modern small arms. In previous campaigns weapons had been secured before hostilities commenced via raids on British Army and even Irish Army weapons depots. In the 1969–1971 period this was no longer feasible.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> By 1972, the IRA had large quantities of modern small arms, particularly <a href="/wiki/Armalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Armalite">Armalite</a> rifles, manufactured and purchased in the United States. The <a href="/wiki/AR-18" class="mw-redirect" title="AR-18">AR-18</a> rifle in particular was found to be particularly well suited for <a href="/wiki/Urban_guerrilla_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban guerrilla warfare">urban guerilla warfare</a> as its small size and folding stock made it easy to conceal. Moreover, it was capable of rapid fire and fired a high velocity round which provided high <a href="/wiki/Stopping_power" title="Stopping power">stopping power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tp108-5">[5]</a> The primary IRA's gunrunner in the United States was <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison_(Irish_Republican)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Harrison (Irish Republican)">George Harrison</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">IRA</a> veteran who resided in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> since 1938. Harrison had set up a gunrunning network in America since the 1950s when he supplied arms in the 1956–1962 Border campaign.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a> He bought guns for the IRA from an <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian American</a> arms dealer named <a href="/wiki/George_de_Meo" title="George de Meo">George de Meo</a>, who had connections in organised crime. <a href="/wiki/Joe_Cahill" title="Joe Cahill">Joe Cahill</a> acted as the contact between <a href="/wiki/NORAID" title="NORAID">NORAID</a> and Harrison, and almost all of the smuggled guns went through the network run by the latter.<a href="#cite_note-PODAL-7">[7]</a> In 1971, the RUC had already seized 700 modern weapons from the IRA, along with two tonnes of high explosive and 157,000 rounds of ammunition, most of which were manufactured in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AR-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/AR-18.jpg/300px-AR-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/AR-18.jpg/450px-AR-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/AR-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="171" /></a><figcaption>The Armalite <a href="/wiki/AR-18" class="mw-redirect" title="AR-18">AR-18</a> – obtained by the IRA from the United States in the early 1970s and an emotive symbol of its armed campaign</figcaption></figure> Harrison spent an estimated US$1 million in the 1970s purchasing over 2,500 guns for the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-mp16-9">[9]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Hughes" title="Brendan Hughes">Brendan Hughes</a>, a key figure in the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Belfast_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade">Belfast Brigade</a>, the IRA smuggled small arms from the United States by sea on <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_2" title="Queen Elizabeth 2">Queen Elizabeth 2</a> from New York via <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-tp108-5">[5]</a> through Irish members of her crew, until the network was largely shut down by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) in the early 1980s after almost a decade of effort.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> These Queen Elizabeth 2 shipments included <a href="/wiki/Armalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Armalite">Armalite</a> rifles, and were driven from Southampton to <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> in small consignments.<a href="#cite_note-tp108-5">[5]</a> In the late 1970s, another IRA member, Gabriel Megahey, was sent to the United States to acquire more arms and he was able to procure more <a href="/wiki/Armalite_AR-15" class="mw-redirect" title="Armalite AR-15">Armalite AR-15</a> rifles, plus a number of <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch" title="Heckler & Koch">Heckler & Koch</a> rifles and other weapons. Again, the purchase of these weapons was funded by <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish American</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republicans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tp15-11">[11]</a> A batch of <a href="/wiki/M60_machine_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="M60 machine guns">M60 machine guns</a> stolen from a U.S. National Guard armory was imported in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Since the conflict began in 1969, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> began cracking down on the IRA arms trafficking network in America. By 1975, the Justice Department started to significantly weaken the Harrison network by prosecuting dozens of IRA arms trafficking cases, and as early as 1973, the IRA already found more lucrative sources of funding and weapons from foreign states, including Libyan leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The prosecutions of IRA gunrunners in America were so great that according to Belfast author <a href="/wiki/Jack_Holland_(writer)" title="Jack Holland (writer)">Jack Holland</a>, "Harrison was not aware of any major shipments of arms that had successfully reached the IRA from the U.S. since the late 1970s; that is, before his network's destruction [in 1981]."<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> U.S. House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a> told Northern Ireland Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Roy_Mason" title="Roy Mason">Roy Mason</a> in mid-October 1977 that "[t]he flow of guns and money had been greatly reduced."<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Subcommittee_on_Juvenile_Delinquency" title="United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency">United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency</a> in 1976 noted the role of the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a> (ATF) in prosecuting IRA gunrunners: <blockquote>Since September 1971, ATF has been involved in investigating Irish Republican Army (IRA) gunrunning activities in the United States. Numerous successful prosecutions of IRA "gunrunners" violating the <a href="/wiki/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968" title="Gun Control Act of 1968">Gun Control Act</a> have resulted. Most notable and significant to date was the recent conviction in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, of five IRA "gunrunners" charged with 23 violation counts of the 1968 Gun Control Act including using fictitious names, counterfeiting <a href="/wiki/Federal_Firearms_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Firearms License">federal firearms licenses</a> and illegally transporting firearms and explosive devices across state lines. Seized from the defendants were 70 of the 158 illegally purchased <a href="/wiki/Colt_AR-15" title="Colt AR-15">Colt AR-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/.223_Remington" title=".223 Remington">.223 caliber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle" title="Semi-automatic rifle">semi-automatic rifles</a> destined for the IRA in Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></blockquote> On March 1, 1981, <a href="/wiki/Claire_Sterling" title="Claire Sterling">Claire Sterling</a> wrote for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>: <blockquote>The I.R.A has come a long way since its early days of dependance upon the United States. Fund raising is mostly done at home nowadays, by means of <a href="/wiki/Protection_racket" title="Protection racket">protection rackets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massage_parlor" title="Massage parlor">massage parlors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bank_robbery" title="Bank robbery">bank stickups</a>. And the incoming hardware is largely Soviet-made. It took only a few years to make the transformation with the help of the international terror network.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></blockquote> In 1980, De Meo was arrested and convicted of smuggling arms to the IRA. He was sentenced to ten years in prison. However, in a secret meeting at a hotel on <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/East_Side_(Manhattan)" title="East Side (Manhattan)">East Side</a> in August, FBI agents agreed to a deal with De Meo's lawyer that his sentence would be reduced to five years if he can surrender the IRA's primary gunrunner. At that time, the FBI had no idea who was the prime leader of the IRA arms support network in America.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In 1981, Meo notified the FBI <a href="/wiki/Joint_Terrorism_Task_Force" title="Joint Terrorism Task Force">Joint Terrorism Task Force</a> about Harrison's attempt to smuggle a large cache of arms into Ireland from his home in New York.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Subsequently, in June, Harrison, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flannery" title="Michael Flannery">Michael Flannery</a> and three other Irish gunrunners were arrested by the FBI as part of a <a href="/wiki/Sting_operation" title="Sting operation">sting operation</a> but acquitted at their trial in 1982. The men were charged with attempting to smuggle a consignment of arms to Ireland which included a flamethrower and a <a href="/wiki/20%C3%97138mmB" title="20×138mmB">20mm</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_rifle" title="Anti-tank rifle">anti-tank rifle</a>. Their acquittal was widely attributed to the unconventional efforts of Harrison's personal attorney, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Durkan" title="Frank Durkan">Frank Durkan</a>; the men did not deny their activities but claimed that they believed the operation had been sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Despite the men's acquittal, the arrest of Harrison halted nearly all of the guns being smuggled out of the country.<a href="#cite_note-PODAL-7">[7]</a> Holland wrote that "there can be no doubt that with the arrest of Harrison, his gunrunning career ended and the IRA's most vital source of weapons was blocked", which was already in decline in the late 1970s;<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> by 1980, the IRA was already importing a large number of weapons from mainland Europe and the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Irish journalist <a href="/wiki/Ed_Moloney" title="Ed Moloney">Ed Moloney</a> in his book <a href="/wiki/A_Secret_History_of_the_IRA" title="A Secret History of the IRA">A Secret History of the IRA</a> noted that: <blockquote>After the destruction of the Harrison network, arms supplies to the IRA from the United States were infrequent and erratic. "There was very little stuff coming in," recalled one veteran. All too often weapons, sometime purchased over the counter in gun shops, would make their way to Ireland in twos and threes, only to be intercepted or captured by the authorities, who would then be able to trace them back and arrest and charge the sympathizers responsible. The IRA was never again able to construct a network in the United States as productive as Harrison's.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></blockquote> Megahey was arrested by the FBI in 1982 after a successful sting operation, where he was trying to purchase <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missiles</a> (SAMs) for the IRA, and sentenced to seven years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-tp15-11">[11]</a> Another devastating blow to any major IRA gunrunning attempt came in September 1984, when the FBI warned the Republic of Ireland that a major IRA arms shipment was underway from the United States, and that the weaponry would be transferred to an Irish fishing trawler in the Atlantic. Subsequently, Irish authorities discovered that the arms ship was a vessel named Marita Ann, allegedly after a tip-off from <a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Callaghan" title="Sean O'Callaghan">Sean O'Callaghan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" title="Garda Síochána">Garda Síochána</a> informer within the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-mp16-9">[9]</a> Three <a href="/wiki/Irish_Naval_Service" title="Irish Naval Service">Irish Naval Service</a> ships confronted the vessel off the coast of County Kerry, and prevented its escape by firing warning shots. A team of naval personnel and Garda officers boarded the ship, arresting the crew of five and confiscating seven tons of military equipment, as well as medications, training manuals, and communications equipment.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The weapons had allegedly been donated by the South Boston <a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Hill gang">Winter Hill</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_Mob" title="Irish Mob">Irish Mob</a>. Andrew J. Wilson in his book Irish America and the Ulster Conflict 1968-1995 wrote that: <blockquote>The most effective measures taken by US law enforcement agencies, however, were against IRA gunrunning . . . The convictions secured by US law enforcement agencies against the gunrunning network in the mid-1980s caused serious problems for the IRA. After the seizure of the Marita Ann, the Provos began to concentrate their arms procurement ventures in Europe and the Middle East. Although the IRA continued to ship some weapons from America, US authorities successfully undermined the transatlantic arms network.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> In August 1969, some 150 <a href="/wiki/Irish_Canadians" title="Irish Canadians">Irish Canadians</a> in Toronto announced that they intended to send money which could be used to buy guns, if necessary, to the Catholic women and children of the <a href="/wiki/Bogside" title="Bogside">Bogside in Derry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The British <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign Commonwealth Office</a> (FCO) noted in the early 1970s that "the IRA has also looked to Irish communities elsewhere to obtain cash for its terror campaign of the past four years", and noted the presence of fundraising groups in Canada and Australia, and an attempt to establish connections in New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Canadian authorities at first did nothing about the IRA fundraising in the country because collecting cash was considered a nonviolent pursuit that was not a threat to Canada. However, Britain told them the money raised in Canada was allegedly used to purchase weapons, including Canadian-made detonators being deployed for IRA bombing. Canadian IRA supporters smuggled detonators from Canadian mining operations for use in the indiscriminate bombings that wracked Northern Ireland for years. As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (RCMP) was charged with trying to intercept arms from flowing into Ireland from Canada.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 1974, seven Irish Canadian residents were arrested by the RCMP for smuggling weapons to the IRA after "raids in <a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Zorra-Tavistock" title="East Zorra-Tavistock">Tavistock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> and at the U.S. border at <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a>". Philip Kent, one of those arrested, was discovered in his car for having "fifteen <a href="/wiki/L1A1_Self-Loading_Rifle" title="L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle">FN rifles</a> and a <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">.50 calibre machine gun</a>".<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In February 1982, three Canadian republicans and Edward "Ted" Howell (a close ally of <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Dessie_Ellis" title="Dessie Ellis">Dessie Ellis</a> from Dublin were arrested for trying to enter the U.S. illegally from Canada and "with a cache of money and a shopping list" of weapons for the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 1993, Irish security forces uncovered an IRA bomb factory at <a href="/wiki/Kilcock" title="Kilcock">Kilcock</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">County Kildare</a>, discovering that parts of the detonating cord came from Canada.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In 1994, a Canadian was arrested in Spain for attempting to deliver weapons to the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-JPDFSN-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libyan/Middle_Eastern_arms">Libyan/Middle Eastern arms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Libyan/Middle Eastern arms">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libya">Libya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Libya">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Libyan leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> supplied a crucial number of arms to the IRA, as part of a strategy at this time of opposing United States interests in the Middle East by sponsoring paramilitary activity against it and its allies in Western Europe.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The first Libyan arms shipment to the IRA took place in 1972–1973, following visits by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Cahill" title="Joe Cahill">Joe Cahill</a> to Libya. In early 1973, the Irish Government received intelligence that the vessel Claudia was carrying a consignment of weapons, and placed the ship under surveillance on 27 March. On 28 March, three <a href="/wiki/Irish_Naval_Service" title="Irish Naval Service">Irish Navy</a> patrol vessels intercepted the Claudia in Irish territorial waters near <a href="/wiki/Helvick_Head" class="mw-redirect" title="Helvick Head">Helvick Head</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Waterford" title="County Waterford">County Waterford</a>, seizing five tonnes of Libyan small arms and ammunition found on board. The weaponry seized included 250 Soviet-made small arms, 240 rifles, anti-tank mines and other explosives. Cahill himself was also found and arrested on board the vessel.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> It is estimated that three other shipments of weaponry of a similar size and nature succeeded in getting through to the IRA in the same time period.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Ed Moloney reports that the early Libyan arms shipments provided the IRA with its first <a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a> rocket-propelled grenade launchers, and that Gaddafi also gave three to five million US dollars at this time to the organisation to finance its activities.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> However contact with the <a href="/wiki/Libyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan">Libyan</a> government was broken off in 1976. Contact with Libya was opened again in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_Hunger_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 Irish Hunger Strike">1981 Irish Hunger Strike</a>, which was said to have impressed Gaddafi, just as the FBI successfully disrupted the IRA gunrunning operation in America that same year.<a href="#cite_note-PODAL-7">[7]</a> In the 1980s, the IRA received further larger quantities of weaponry and explosives from the Libyan Government, reportedly enough to equip least two professional infantry battalions.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Four shipments of guns, ammunition and explosives were made between 1985 and 1986, providing large quantities of modern weaponry to the IRA, including <a href="/wiki/Heavy_machine_gun" title="Heavy machine gun">heavy machine guns</a>, over 1,000 rifles, several hundred handguns, <a href="/wiki/Rocket-propelled_grenade" title="Rocket-propelled grenade">rocket-propelled grenades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flamethrowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flamethrowers">flamethrowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missiles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Semtex" title="Semtex">Semtex</a> explosive<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> – an odourless explosive, invisible to X-ray, and many times more powerful than <a href="/wiki/ANFO" title="ANFO">fertiliser-based bombs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harnden-42">[42]</a> From late 1986 onwards, virtually every bomb constructed by the Provisional IRA, and splinter groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Real_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Real IRA">Real IRA</a>, contained Semtex from a Libyan shipment unloaded at an Irish pier in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-Harnden-42">[42]</a> These shipments were partly in retaliation for the British Government's support for the <a href="/wiki/USAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF">US Air Force's</a> (USAF) <a href="/wiki/Operation_El_Dorado_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation El Dorado Canyon">bombing attacks on Tripoli and Benghazi in 1986</a>, which in turn were in retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/1986_Berlin_discotheque_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1986 Berlin discotheque bombing">1986 bombing</a> of the La Belle discotheque in Berlin. The USAF planes involved in the bombings had taken off from British bases on 14 April 1986, and Libya reportedly suffered 60 casualties in the attack. This second major Libyan contribution to the IRA came in 1986–1987. There were four shipments which were not intercepted, in a huge intelligence failure of both Irish and British agencies, described as 'calamitous' by journalist <a href="/wiki/Brendan_O%27Brien_(journalist)" title="Brendan O'Brien (journalist)">Brendan O'Brien</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Malta-43">[43]</a> The arm supplies from Libya developed as follows: <ul><li>The trawler Casamara took on 10 tonnes of weapons in September 1985 off the Maltese island of <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>. These weapons were landed off the Clogga Strand near <a href="/wiki/Arklow" title="Arklow">Arklow</a> by <a href="/wiki/Inflatable_boats" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflatable boats">inflatable boats</a> some weeks later. The shipment contained 500 crates of AK-47s, pistols, hand grenades, ammunition and seven RPG-7s.</li> <li>Casamara (renamed Kula at this time), left Maltese waters on 6 October 1985 carrying a cache of <a href="/wiki/DShK" title="DShK">DShK</a> heavy machine guns.</li> <li>In July 1986, there was a shipment of 14 tonnes, including, according to the authorities, two SAM-7s.</li> <li>In October 1986, another shipment of 80 tonnes which included one tonne of Semtex, reportedly 10 SAM-7 missiles, more RPG-7s, AK-47s and hundreds of thousands of rounds of ammunition arrived aboard the oil-rig replenishment vessel Villa.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li></ul> In total, the arms shipments included: <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AK47.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AK47.jpg/275px-AK47.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AK47.jpg/413px-AK47.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/AK47.jpg/550px-AK47.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="195" /></a><figcaption>An AK-47 assault rifle (over 1000 of which were donated by Gaddafi to the IRA in the 1980s)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rpg-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Rpg-7.jpg/275px-Rpg-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Rpg-7.jpg/413px-Rpg-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Rpg-7.jpg/550px-Rpg-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>RPG-7</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>9mm Browning, <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(manufacturer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurus (manufacturer)">Taurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a> handguns</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47 Kalashnikov</a> and <a href="/wiki/AKM" title="AKM">AKM</a> assault rifles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5" title="Heckler & Koch MP5">MP5</a> submachine guns</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a> anti-tank rocket launcher</li> <li>Soviet made <a href="/wiki/DShK" title="DShK">DShK</a> <a href="/wiki/Heavy_machine_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy machine guns">heavy machine guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FN_MAG" title="FN MAG">FN MAG</a> machine guns</li> <li>Military <a href="/wiki/Flamethrowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flamethrowers">flamethrowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semtex" title="Semtex">Semtex</a> plastic explosive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Strela 2">Strela 2</a> man portable SAMs</li></ul> It is also estimated that the Libyan government gave the IRA the equivalent of £2 million along with the 1980s shipments.<a href="#cite_note-op143-45">[45]</a> However, in 1992, Libya admitted to British officials that it gave the IRA over $12.5 million in cash (the equivalent of roughly $40 million in 2021).<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> On 1 November 1987, during transit to Ireland, one-third of the total Libyan arms consignment being carried aboard the MV Eksund was intercepted by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Customs_coast_guard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Customs coast guard (page does not exist)">French Customs coast guard</a> while the ship was in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> along with five crew members, among them <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Cleary" title="Gabriel Cleary">Gabriel Cleary</a>. The vessel was found to contain 120 tonnes of weapons, including HMGs, 36 RPGs, 1000 detonators, 20 SAMs, Semtex, 82mm mortars,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/M40_recoilless_rifle" title="M40 recoilless rifle">106mm cannons</a> and 1,000,000 rounds of ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Also, reportedly 24,000 pounds (11,000 kg)<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> of tank shells were found, which could be adapted into explosive devices.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Despite the seizure of the Eksund arms, the IRA was by then equipped with a quantity and quality of weaponry and explosives never available to it at any other phase of its history.<a href="#cite_note-Malta-43">[43]</a> Furthermore, according to Brendan O'Brien there was actually an 'over-supply', especially regarding the 600 AK-47s still in the hands of the IRA by 1992.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" title="Garda Síochána">Garda Síochána</a> (the Police Service of the Republic of Ireland) uncovered numerous arms destined for the IRA in 1988. These included several hundred AK-47s, Russian DSHK HMGs, FN MAG machine guns and Semtex.<a href="#cite_note-op143-45">[45]</a> By 1996, <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Intelligence_Review" title="Jane's Intelligence Review">Jane's Intelligence Review</a> reported that "it is believed that the bulk of the material presently in IRA arsenals was shipped from Libya in the mid-1980s with the aid of a skipper, Adrian Hopkins, hired for the purpose by the IRA."<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compensation_claims">Compensation claims</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Compensation claims">edit</a>]</div> On 31 October 2009, a cross-party delegation of Northern Irish politicians travelled to the Libyan capital Tripoli for the first face to face meeting with Libyan government ministers to discuss compensation claims for victims of IRA violence.<a href="#cite_note-AFP31Oct09Talks-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> president <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a> criticized this move, saying that there must be “no hierarchy of victims”. He pointed out the same should go out to the victims injured and families of those killed by British security forces themselves and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Banner#Collusion_with_loyalist_paramilitaries" title="Operation Banner">acting in collusion with loyalist paramilitaries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine_Liberation_Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Palestine Liberation Organization">edit</a>]</div> There was contact between the IRA and the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO) and specifically the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a>, starting from the mid-1970s which included the training of IRA volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> At one stage, the PLO offered weapons and training to the IRA, but it declined on the grounds that it was impossible to smuggle arms out of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant region</a> in general and <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> specifically without alerting Israeli intelligence. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Pat_Coogan" title="Tim Pat Coogan">Tim Pat Coogan</a> wrote that assistance from the PLO largely dried up in the mid-1980s after the PLO had forged stronger links with the Republic of Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mainland_European_arms">Mainland European arms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mainland European arms">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FNC_IMG_1527.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/FNC_IMG_1527.jpg/275px-FNC_IMG_1527.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/FNC_IMG_1527.jpg/413px-FNC_IMG_1527.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/FNC_IMG_1527.jpg/550px-FNC_IMG_1527.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>FN FNC</figcaption></figure> In the 1970s, some guns were purchased by <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_Conaill" title="Dáithí Ó Conaill">Dáithí Ó Conaill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>. On 16 October 1971, at <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol" title="Amsterdam Airport Schiphol">Schiphol Airport</a>, Dutch authorities seized the IRA arms shipment including modern submachine guns, rifles, and bazookas imported from the Czech arms manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Omnipol" title="Omnipol">Omnipol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-HDBP-62">[62]</a> In the 1980s, Belgian <a href="/wiki/FN_FNC" title="FN FNC">FN FNC</a> rifles were acquired via the Netherlands and <a href="/wiki/AG-3" class="mw-redirect" title="AG-3">AG-3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automatkarbin_4" title="Automatkarbin 4">Automatkarbin 4</a> rifles from Norway and Sweden respectively were also secretly obtained. IRA supporters in the Netherlands assisted in the arms smuggling operations and provided safe houses for IRA operatives to lie low.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> On 26 January 1986, the Irish Garda uncovered the biggest ever IRA arms cache near the border in <a href="/wiki/County_Roscommon" title="County Roscommon">counties Roscommon</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Sligo" title="County Sligo">Sligo</a>, including 95 rifles made in Russia, West Germany, East Germany, and Romania, as well as 21,560 rounds of ammunition, pistols, and other accessories worth £1 million on the black market. Bomb-making equipment discovered in Amsterdam in the mid-1980s was intended to be used in the IRA campaign in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-LRFVTHG-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-HDBP-62">[62]</a> In May 1987, three <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch" title="Heckler & Koch">Heckler & Koch</a> automatic rifles, a Belgian FN rifle, two FNC rifles, a <a href="/wiki/Luger_pistol" title="Luger pistol">Luger pistol</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Franchi_SPAS-12" title="Franchi SPAS-12">SPAS-12</a> shotgun were discovered following the <a href="/wiki/Loughgall_ambush" title="Loughgall ambush">Loughgall ambush</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> (RUC) linked these guns to seven murders and 12 attempted murders in Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Former MI6 agent Tony Divall said that around August 1987, a Swiss arms dealer based in <a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a> was trying to charter a 350-ton Panamanian vessel on behalf of the IRA. He named the Swiss dealer's bank in <a href="/wiki/Lugano" title="Lugano">Lugano</a>, his account number, and the bank official he used for the arms deal. The dealer denied any knowledge, saying "Whoever your contact is must be a mad dog."<a href="#cite_note-LRFVTHG-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Last_arms_deals">Last arms deals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Last arms deals">edit</a>]</div> In the late 1980s and 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_South_Armagh_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade">Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade</a> smuggled in a number of <a href="/wiki/M82_Barrett_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="M82 Barrett rifle">Barrett M82</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barrett_M90" title="Barrett M90">Barrett M90</a> <a href="/wiki/.50_BMG" title=".50 BMG">.50 BMG</a> rifles from the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:0-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-67">[67]</a> These weapons were used by two South Armagh sniper teams to conduct a <a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Sniper_(1990%E2%80%931997)" title="South Armagh Sniper (1990–1997)">sniping campaign</a> against British Army patrols operating in the area. The last British soldier killed in Northern Ireland during <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a>, Stephen Restorick, was shot dead by a sniper in South Armagh in February 1997.<a href="#cite_note-brits-68">[68]</a> Soon after, in April 1997, the leader of one of the sniper squads, Michael Caraher, and other IRA volunteers were arrested and a Barrett rifle seized.<a href="#cite_note-brits-68">[68]</a> A bolt-action .50 BMG rifle<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> stamped with the word 'Tejas' (Spanish for Texas) on the butt manufactured by a former <a href="/wiki/Barrett_Firearms_Manufacturing" title="Barrett Firearms Manufacturing">Barrett</a> gunsmith based in Texas.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> was also recovered in Belfast in August 1993; British security forces believed it had been used in attacks in preceding months and dubbed it the "Tejas Rifle."<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Earlier, in August 1986 Gardaí had intercepted an arms consignment in the Central Sorting Office in Dublin that included a Barret M82 and ammunition, posted from <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Despite its ceasefires of 1994 and 1997 the IRA continued to buy arms. It needed a new source of weapons, since the <a href="/wiki/Libyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan">Libyan</a> pipeline had been closed and smuggling from the United States became far more difficult due to its transatlantic gunrunning network in the country being disrupted by American authorities in the early 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a> In May 1996, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a> (FSB), Russia's internal security service, publicly accused Estonia of arms smuggling, and claimed that the IRA had contacted representatives of Estonia's volunteer defence force, <a href="/wiki/Kaitseliit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaitseliit">Kaitseliit</a>, and some non-government groups to buy weapons. However the Russian report did not say when the contacts had taken place.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In July 1999, three men, <a href="/wiki/Florida_Four" title="Florida Four">Anthony Smyth, Conor Claxton, and Martin Mullan, along with an accomplice, Siobhan Browne</a>, were arrested by the American <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a> agencies and accused of buying 44 handguns from arms dealers in Florida in the United States and posting 15 of the weapons to Ireland and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Later estimates put the number of guns sent to Ireland at more than 100 pistols and <a href="/wiki/Machine_pistol" title="Machine pistol">machine pistols</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> All three men were cleared of conspiracy to aid terrorists and to commit murder. They were later sentenced on the less serious smuggling charge.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The IRA leadership denied knowledge of the arms buys. In April 2002 it was reported in media outlets that the IRA had bought at least twenty Russian <a href="/wiki/AN-94" title="AN-94">AN-94</a> assault rifles in Moscow in late 2001. Russian security services were said to have detected the deal and passed details to British military intelligence in London.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline:_The_IRA's_importation_of_weapons">Timeline: The IRA's importation of weapons</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Timeline: The IRA's importation of weapons">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In 1969 the IRA received its first cache of weapons from the Harrison network with 70 small arms comprising <a href="/wiki/M1_carbines" class="mw-redirect" title="M1 carbines">M1 carbines</a>, <a href="/wiki/M3_Submachine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 Submachine gun">M3</a> "grease gun" submachine guns, some handguns, and 60,000 rounds of ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1970, the IRA receives weapons from Basque organisation <a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">ETA</a>. This includes around 50 revolvers.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In May 1970, Irish politicians <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Blaney" title="Neil Blaney">Neil Blaney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Kelly_(Sinn_F%C3%A9in_politician)" title="John Kelly (Sinn Féin politician)">John Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Army" title="Irish Army">Irish Army</a> Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Kelly_(Irish_Army_officer)" title="James Kelly (Irish Army officer)">James Kelly</a>, and Belgian businessman <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luykx" title="Albert Luykx">Albert Luykx</a> were acquitted during the <a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Arms Crisis</a> of smuggling weapons to the IRA during the beginning of the conflict.</li> <li>In 1971, the IRA receives its first consignments of <a href="/wiki/Armalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Armalite">Armalite</a> rifles. They include around 100 <a href="/wiki/ArmaLite_AR-15" title="ArmaLite AR-15">AR-15</a> and <a href="/wiki/AR-180" class="mw-redirect" title="AR-180">AR-180</a> rifles, on the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_2" title="Queen Elizabeth 2">Queen Elizabeth 2</a> (New York to Southampton).<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Later that year <a href="/wiki/Garda%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardaí">Gardaí</a> recover six suitcases full of <a href="/wiki/5.56%C3%9745mm" class="mw-redirect" title="5.56×45mm">5.56×45mm</a> ammunition at <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Port" title="Dublin Port">Dublin Port</a> arriving on a ship from the US.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Again in 1971, IRA leader Dáithí Ó Conaill arranges for weapons to be bought off Czechoslovakian arms company <a href="/wiki/Omnipol" title="Omnipol">Omnipol</a> in Prague. The arms are seized at Schiphol Airport, The Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1972 Colonel Gaddafi sends his first arms shipments to Ireland, a small shipment of around ten weapons and some explosives.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Once again in 1972, the IRA buy RPG-7 rocket launchers from unknown sources in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>The IRA receives another batch of <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16</a> and AR-15 rifles from the Harrison network.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1973 the IRA receives another consignment of arms from Libya but the arms are intercepted on board the Claudia by members of the Gardaí. Leading IRA man <a href="/wiki/Joe_Cahill" title="Joe Cahill">Joe Cahill</a> and others arrested. The shipment consisted of 250 AK-47 rifles and other materiel.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1974, the FBI foil an IRA attempt to buy 100 M16 rifles.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1974, seven <a href="/wiki/Irish_Canadians" title="Irish Canadians">Irish Canadians</a> are arrested by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (RCMP) for smuggling weapons to the IRA after "raids in <a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Zorra-Tavistock" title="East Zorra-Tavistock">Tavistock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> and at the U.S. border at <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a>". Philip Kent, one of those arrested, is discovered in his car for having "fifteen <a href="/wiki/L1A1_Self-Loading_Rifle" title="L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle">FN rifles</a> and a <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">.50 calibre machine gun</a>".<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>In 1977 the PLO (<a href="/wiki/Al-Fatah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Fatah">Al-Fatah</a>) sends arms to the IRA. They are intercepted at <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>. An IRA man is arrested by Gardaí. The arms are believed to have come from Lebanon.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1977, six <a href="/wiki/M60_machine_gun" title="M60 machine gun">M60</a> machine guns and around 100 M16 rifles are stolen from a US Army base and shipped to Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Between 1973 and 1978, 500,000 rounds of <a href="/wiki/5.56%C3%9745mm_NATO" title="5.56×45mm NATO">5.56×45mm NATO</a> ammunition stolen from a US Marine base are successfully sent to the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>1979 The Gardaí seize a cargo of more than 150 guns and 60,000 rounds of ammunition. including two M60 machine guns, 15 M16 rifles, a number of <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14 rifles</a>, and an AK-47 sent from the US.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1982 US customs discover a truck at the docks of Newark, New Jersey. Four members of an IRA cell are arrested. The shipment contained 50 firearms and frequency switches for detonating bombs, to counter British Army jamming of most IRA signals for detonating bombs.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Later that year, three Canadian IRA supporters and Edward "Ted" Howell (a close ally of <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a>) and Dessie Ellis from Dublin are arrested for entering the US from Canada, during a plot to acquire 200 cases of ammunition for the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li>In 1983 the FBI foils an IRA attempt to buy explosives.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1984 An IRA arms shipment is seized on the fishing boat Marita Ann by the Irish Navy. Men jailed in the US and Ireland. Seven tons of arms, ammunition and explosives procured by the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_Gang" title="Winter Hill Gang">Winter Hill Gang</a> in Boston, US.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1985 The FBI foils another IRA bid to buy small arms in Colorado. An Irishman is deported.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1986, 40 firearms, including: 13 <a href="/wiki/FN_FAL" title="FN FAL">FN FAL</a> rifles, an AK-47, two hand grenades, drums of <a href="/wiki/Nitrobenzene" title="Nitrobenzene">nitrobenzene</a>, 70,000 rounds of ammunition are seized in the Netherlands by Dutch police.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a> IRA members <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Kelly" title="Gerry Kelly">Gerry Kelly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brendan_McFarlane" title="Brendan McFarlane">Brendan McFarlane</a> were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li>Irish police seize ten <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_G3" title="Heckler & Koch G3">AG-3</a> rifles in 1986, part of a batch of 100 stolen from a Norwegian Reserve base near Oslo by a criminal gang and sold to the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>The IRA attempt to buy <a href="/wiki/FIM-43_Redeye" title="FIM-43 Redeye">Redeye</a> SAMs, M60 machine guns, M16 rifles, <a href="/wiki/MP5" class="mw-redirect" title="MP5">MP5</a> submachine guns and 11 <a href="/wiki/Bullet-proof_vests" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullet-proof vests">bullet-proof vests</a>, but are caught in an FBI sting operation.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Between 1985–87 four shipments of arms and explosives successfully landed in Ireland by boat skipper Adrian Hopkins, totalling around 150 tons. The fifth, on Eksund, is intercepted by French Customs. Libya had sent a total of 300 tons of weaponry including 150 tons of Romanian <a href="/wiki/AKM" title="AKM">AKMs</a>, <a href="/wiki/SA-7" class="mw-redirect" title="SA-7">SA-7s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semtex" title="Semtex">Semtex</a>-H, <a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a> rocket launchers, <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(manufacturer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurus (manufacturer)">Taurus</a> pistols, and other materiel.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1988 a total 380 gallons of nitrobenzene from the Netherlands are seized by Gardaí in a truck.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1988 US Customs foil bid to buy rifles from a gun dealer in Alabama. Two men who attempted to buy high-powered rifles are jailed.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Detonators for bombs and parts for an anti-aircraft missile system are seized, and a number of IRA members and a <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> scientist[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] are arrested by FBI after a long covert spying operation that began in 1982. A group of IRA supporters are jailed in Boston in 1990 for trying to smuggle a home-made missile system to Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>1988–90 FBI foils plot to acquire <a href="/wiki/FIM-92" class="mw-redirect" title="FIM-92">FIM-92</a> Stinger missiles on black market in Miami. Several arrests are made.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>Late 1980s and early 1990s: The IRA manage to obtain half a dozen Barrett rifles and other .50 cal sniper rifles, all destined for the <a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Sniper_(1990%E2%80%9397)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Armagh Sniper (1990–97)">South Armagh Sniper</a> teams.<a href="#cite_note-boyne-6">[6]</a></li> <li>In 1994, a Canadian was arrested in Spain for attempting to deliver weapons to the IRA.<a href="#cite_note-JPDFSN-33">[33]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decommissioning_of_arms">Decommissioning of arms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Decommissioning of arms">edit</a>]</div> Following the announcement of its cessation of violence and commitment to exclusively peaceful means, the Provisional IRA decommissioned its arms in July–September 2005. Among the weaponry estimated, (by <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Information_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane's Information Group">Jane's Information Group</a>), to have been destroyed as part of this process were: <ul><li>1,000 rifles</li> <li>2 tonnes of Semtex</li> <li>20–30 heavy machine guns</li> <li>7 surface-to-air missiles</li> <li>7 flame throwers</li> <li>1,200 detonators</li> <li>11 rocket-propelled grenade launchers</li> <li>90 handguns</li> <li>100+ grenades<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li></ul> The panel overseeing the decommissioning of IRA weaponry and weapons stockpiles, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_on_Decommissioning" title="Independent International Commission on Decommissioning">Independent International Commission on Decommissioning</a> (IICD) headed by <a href="/wiki/John_de_Chastelain" title="John de Chastelain">General de Chastelain</a> oversaw the decommissioning process. The decommissioning process has taken place using estimates of IRA weaponry submitted by the British and Irish Governments.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> de Chastelain said he had seen rifles, particularly AK-47s, machine guns, ground-to-air missiles, explosives, explosive material, mortars, flame throwers, handguns, timer units and ballistic caps, and some weaponry that was "very old", including a <a href="/wiki/Bren_light_machine_gun" title="Bren light machine gun">Bren machine gun</a>. The IICD's final report was issued on 26 September 2005 and the panel stated to the press:<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <blockquote>We have observed and verified events to put beyond use very large quantities of arms which we believe include all the arms in the IRA's possession… Our new inventory is consistent with these estimates. We are satisfied that the arms decommissioning represents the totality of the IRA's arsenal.</blockquote> and while it could not report on the quantity or types of weapons destroyed it said: <blockquote>The experience of seeing this with our own eyes, on a minute-to-minute basis, provided us with evidence so clear and of its nature so incontrovertible that at the end of the process [IRA weapon decommissioning] it demonstrated to us – and would have demonstrated to anyone who might have been with us – that beyond any shadow of doubt, the arms of the IRA have now been decommissioned.</blockquote> Irish <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> (Prime Minister) <a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a> also stated at the time: <blockquote>The weapons of the IRA are gone, and are gone in a manner which has been verified and witnessed.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></blockquote> However, despite the conclusion of the IICD agreeing with the figures provided by the British security forces, unnamed sources in <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">PSNI</a> have reported to the press that not all IRA arms were destroyed during the process, a claim which so far remains unsubstantiated.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> These reports have since been scotched by the group overseeing the activities of paramilitaries in Northern Ireland – the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Monitoring_Commission" title="Independent Monitoring Commission">Independent Monitoring Commission</a> (IMC). In its latest report, dated April 2006, the IMC points out that it has no reason to disbelieve the IRA or information to suspect that the group has not fully decommissioned. Rather, it indicated that any weaponry that had not been handed in had been retained by individuals outside the IRA's control. Excerpt from the IMC's 10th report: <blockquote>Indeed, our present assessment is that such of the arms as were reported to us as having been retained, would have been withheld under local control despite the instructions of the leadership. We note that, as reported by the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD), the leadership claimed only to have decommissioned all the arms "under its control". The relevant points are that the amount of un-surrendered material was not significant in comparison to what was decommissioned and that these reports do not cast doubt on the declared intention of the IRA leadership to eschew terrorism and to follow the political path. We will continue to monitor the position.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_used_by_the_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="List of weapons used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army">List of weapons used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Four" title="Florida Four">Florida Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colm_Murphy" title="Colm Murphy">Colm Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_McGeough" title="Gerry McGeough">Gerry McGeough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Bulger" title="Whitey Bulger">Whitey Bulger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ferris" title="Martin Ferris">Martin Ferris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Nee" title="Patrick Nee">Patrick Nee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howth_gun-running" title="Howth gun-running">Howth gun-running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Libau" title="SS Libau">SS Libau</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> War in the Shadows: The Guerrilla in History Volume 2 by Robert B. Asprey (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0595225941" title="Special:BookSources/978-0595225941">978-0595225941</a>), page 1125 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Global Geopolitics: A Critical Introduction by Klaus Dodds (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0273686095" title="Special:BookSources/978-0273686095">978-0273686095</a>), page 205 </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> British Civilization by John Oakland (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415261500" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415261500">978-0415261500</a>), page 108 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Previous raids included the 1940 <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Raid" title="Christmas Raid">Christmas Raid</a>, the 1953 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felstead_Raid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felstead Raid (page does not exist)">Felstead Raid</a>, and the 1955 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazebrouck_Raid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazebrouck Raid (page does not exist)">Hazebrouck Raid</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-tp108-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tp108_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp108_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp108_5-2">c</a> Taylor, pp. 108–109. </li> <li id="cite_note-boyne-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyne_6-31">af</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyne" class="citation web cs1">Boyne, Sean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/inside/weapons.html">"uncovering the Irish Republican Army"</a>. 1996 August 1. Frontline PBS.org, reprinted from Jane's Intelligence Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129034741/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/inside/weapons.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1996+August+1&rft.atitle=uncovering+the+Irish+Republican+Army&rft.aulast=Boyne&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Fira%2Finside%2Fweapons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PODAL-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PODAL_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PODAL_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PODAL_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_McDonald2004" class="citation news cs1">Henry McDonald (17 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122205028/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jul/18/usa.northernireland">"Ex-gunrunner fights ban on rebel Sinn Fein"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jul/18/usa.northernireland">the original</a> on 22 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ex-gunrunner+fights+ban+on+rebel+Sinn+Fein&rft.date=2004-07-17&rft.au=Henry+McDonald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2004%2Fjul%2F18%2Fusa.northernireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2003" class="citation book cs1">English, Richard (2003). Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA. <a href="/wiki/Pan_Books" title="Pan Books">Pan Books</a>. pp. 114–115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-330-49388-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-330-49388-4"><bdi>0-330-49388-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armed+Struggle%3A+The+History+of+the+IRA&rft.pages=114-115&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-330-49388-4&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mp16-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mp16_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mp16_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoloney2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Moloney" title="Ed Moloney">Moloney, Ed</a> (2002). A Secret History of the IRA. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-101041-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-101041-X"><bdi>0-14-101041-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Secret+History+of+the+IRA&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-14-101041-X&rft.aulast=Moloney&rft.aufirst=Ed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Geraghty" title="Tony Geraghty">Geraghty, Tony</a> (2000). The Irish War. Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 172. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-255617-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-255617-0">0-00-255617-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-tp15-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tp15_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp15_11-1">b</a> Taylor, pp. 1–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Martin Dillon, The Dirty War: Covert Strategies and Tactics Used in Political Conflicts Taylor & Francis, 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-92281-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-92281-X">0-415-92281-X</a>, p. 400 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbi_McGowan2020" class="citation thesis cs1">Abi McGowan (May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122205030/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/323062074.pdf">Her Majesty's Most Disloyal Opposition: Irish America and the Making of US Policy Toward Northern Ireland</a> (PDF) (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>. p. 32-33. 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The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies. 43: 204. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27041321">27041321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Journal+of+Irish+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Canadian+Dimension+to+the+Northern+Ireland+Conflict&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=204&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27041321%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Andrew+Sanders&rft.au=F.+Stuart+Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27041321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndy_Oppenheimer2008" class="citation book cs1">Andy Oppenheimer (16 October 2008). IRA, The Bombs and the Bullets: A History of Deadly Ingenuity. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Academic_Press" title="Irish Academic Press">Irish Academic Press</a>. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-7817-8855-0185" title="Special:BookSources/9-7817-8855-0185"><bdi>9-7817-8855-0185</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IRA%2C+The+Bombs+and+the+Bullets%3A+A+History+of+Deadly+Ingenuity&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=2008-10-16&rft.isbn=9-7817-8855-0185&rft.au=Andy+Oppenheimer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPDFSN-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JPDFSN_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPDFSN_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin_T._Turk,_David_Lowe,_and_Dilip_K._Das2013" class="citation book cs1">Austin T. Turk, David Lowe, and Dilip K. Das (13 December 2013). Examining Political Violence: Studies of Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Internal War. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-7814-6658-8202" title="Special:BookSources/9-7814-6658-8202"><bdi>9-7814-6658-8202</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Examining+Political+Violence%3A+Studies+of+Terrorism%2C+Counterterrorism%2C+and+Internal+War&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013-12-13&rft.isbn=9-7814-6658-8202&rft.au=Austin+T.+Turk%2C+David+Lowe%2C+and+Dilip+K.+Das&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowyer_Bell1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Bowyer_Bell" title="J. Bowyer Bell">Bowyer Bell, J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretarmyira00bell/page/556">The Secret Army: The IRA</a>. Transaction Publishers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretarmyira00bell/page/556">556–571</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56000-901-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56000-901-2"><bdi>1-56000-901-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+Army%3A+The+IRA&rft.pages=556-571&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-56000-901-2&rft.aulast=Bowyer+Bell&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecretarmyira00bell%2Fpage%2F556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Bowyer Bell, p. 398. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Taylor, p. 156 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Moloney, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> A court action is currently (May 2006) underway against Libya by victims of IRA violence. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/politics/story/0,,1759494,00.html">here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502092209/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/politics/story/0,,1759494,00.html">Archived</a> 2 May 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Harnden, Toby (1999). Bandit Country – The IRA and South Armagh. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 239–245 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Tony Geraghty, The Irish War. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-6456-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-6456-9">0-8018-6456-9</a>, p. 182 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Brendan O'Brien, The Long War – The IRA and Sinn Féin. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-0319-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-0319-3">0-8156-0319-3</a>, p. 137 </li> <li id="cite_note-Harnden-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harnden_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harnden_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby2011" class="citation news cs1">Toby, Harnden (4 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/northernireland/8425593/Libyan-arms-helped-the-IRA-to-wage-war.html">"Libyan arms helped the IRA to wage war"</a>. Telegraph (London). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110404100217/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/northernireland/8425593/Libyan-arms-helped-the-IRA-to-wage-war.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph+%28London%29&rft.atitle=Libyan+arms+helped+the+IRA+to+wage+war&rft.date=2011-04-04&rft.aulast=Toby&rft.aufirst=Harnden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Fnorthernireland%2F8425593%2FLibyan-arms-helped-the-IRA-to-wage-war.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malta-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Malta_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malta_43-1">b</a> O'Brien, p. 137 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Bowyer Bell, p. 570. </li> <li id="cite_note-op143-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-op143_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-op143_45-1">b</a> O'Brien, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaddy_Clancy2021" class="citation news cs1">Paddy Clancy (31 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230519041502/https://www.irishcentral.com/news/gaddafi-ira-support-irish-state-papers">"Libyan leader Gaddafi's IRA support revealed in secret Irish State Papers"</a>. Irish Central. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishcentral.com/news/gaddafi-ira-support-irish-state-papers">the original</a> on 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Libyan+leader+Gaddafi%27s+IRA+support+revealed+in+secret+Irish+State+Papers&rft.date=2021-12-31&rft.au=Paddy+Clancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishcentral.com%2Fnews%2Fgaddafi-ira-support-irish-state-papers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_McCullagh,_Conor_McMorrow_and_Justin_McCarthy2021" class="citation news cs1">David McCullagh, Conor McMorrow and Justin McCarthy (28 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329201520/https://www.rte.ie/news/2021/1228/1267955-state-papers-libya-ira/">"Extent of Libyan backing for IRA 'shocked' British"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2021/1228/1267955-state-papers-libya-ira/">the original</a> on 29 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Extent+of+Libyan+backing+for+IRA+%27shocked%27+British&rft.date=2021-12-28&rft.au=David+McCullagh%2C+Conor+McMorrow+and+Justin+McCarthy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2021%2F1228%2F1267955-state-papers-libya-ira%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306204540/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/libya-gaddafi-financial-support-ira-stunned-british-intelligence">"Libya: Extent of Gaddafi's financial support for IRA stunned British intelligence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. 28 December 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/libya-gaddafi-financial-support-ira-stunned-british-intelligence">the original</a> on 6 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Libya%3A+Extent+of+Gaddafi%27s+financial+support+for+IRA+stunned+British+intelligence&rft.date=2021-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Flibya-gaddafi-financial-support-ira-stunned-british-intelligence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Martin Dillon, The Dirty War: Covert Strategies and Tactics Used in Political Conflicts Taylor & Francis, 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-92281-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-92281-X">0-415-92281-X</a>, p. 441 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> "Three years for former boss of Bray Travel", Bray People, 2 August 1991. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brendan_O%27Brien_(Irish_journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brendan O'Brien (Irish journalist)">O'Brien, Brendan</a> (1999). The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Féin. O'Brien Press. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86278-606-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-86278-606-1"><bdi>0-86278-606-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+War%3A+The+IRA+and+Sinn+F%C3%A9in&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=O%27Brien+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-86278-606-1&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Moloney, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Irish Independent, 5 November 1987. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> "Arms haul crucial to IRA strategy", Evening Herald, 4 November 1987. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> O'Brien, p. 239 </li> <li id="cite_note-AFP31Oct09Talks-56"><a href="#cite_ref-AFP31Oct09Talks_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130124184432/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gZtmhonu3_txuSBgxJvyTePAVKng">"N.Ireland MPs in Libya talks over IRA attacks"</a>. AFP. 31 October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gZtmhonu3_txuSBgxJvyTePAVKng">the original</a> on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N.Ireland+MPs+in+Libya+talks+over+IRA+attacks&rft.pub=AFP&rft.date=2009-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5gZtmhonu3_txuSBgxJvyTePAVKng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoel_McAdam2009" class="citation news cs1">Noel McAdam (7 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308093618/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/sinn-fein-its-wrong-to-create-hierarchy-of-victims/28493875.html">"Sinn Fein: it's wrong to create hierarchy of victims"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Belfast_Telegraph" title="Belfast Telegraph">Belfast Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/sinn-fein-its-wrong-to-create-hierarchy-of-victims/28493875.html">the original</a> on 8 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sinn+Fein%3A+it%27s+wrong+to+create+hierarchy+of+victims&rft.date=2009-09-07&rft.au=Noel+McAdam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fsinn-fein-its-wrong-to-create-hierarchy-of-victims%2F28493875.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerry_Moriarty2009" class="citation news cs1">Gerry Moriarty (8 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308093618/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/there-must-be-no-victims-hierarchy-says-adams-1.733590">"There must be no victims hierarchy, says Adams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/there-must-be-no-victims-hierarchy-says-adams-1.733590">the original</a> on 8 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=There+must+be+no+victims+hierarchy%2C+says+Adams&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft.au=Gerry+Moriarty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fthere-must-be-no-victims-hierarchy-says-adams-1.733590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> The IRA – 6th Edition – <a href="/wiki/Tim_Pat_Coogan" title="Tim Pat Coogan">Tim Pat Coogan</a> – p. 436 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> The IRA – 6th Edition – <a href="/wiki/Tim_Pat_Coogan" title="Tim Pat Coogan">Tim Pat Coogan</a> – p. 489 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230504233925/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/18/archives/3-12-tons-of-arms-seized-by-dutch-planeload-was-reported-to-be.html">"½ Tons of Arms Seized by Dutch – Planeload Was Reported to Be Destined for I.R.A."</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 18 October 1971. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/18/archives/3-12-tons-of-arms-seized-by-dutch-planeload-was-reported-to-be.html">the original</a> on 4 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%C2%BD+Tons+of+Arms+Seized+by+Dutch+%E2%80%93+Planeload+Was+Reported+to+Be+Destined+for+I.R.A.&rft.date=1971-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F10%2F18%2Farchives%2F3-12-tons-of-arms-seized-by-dutch-planeload-was-reported-to-be.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDBP-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDBP_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDBP_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndy_Oppenheimer2008" class="citation book cs1">Andy Oppenheimer (16 October 2008). IRA, The Bombs and the Bullets: A History of Deadly Ingenuity. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Academic_Press" title="Irish Academic Press">Irish Academic Press</a>. pp. 167–168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-7817-8855-0185" title="Special:BookSources/9-7817-8855-0185"><bdi>9-7817-8855-0185</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IRA%2C+The+Bombs+and+the+Bullets%3A+A+History+of+Deadly+Ingenuity&rft.pages=167-168&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=2008-10-16&rft.isbn=9-7817-8855-0185&rft.au=Andy+Oppenheimer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndy_Oppenheimer2008" class="citation book cs1">Andy Oppenheimer (16 October 2008). IRA, The Bombs and the Bullets: A History of Deadly Ingenuity. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Academic_Press" title="Irish Academic Press">Irish Academic Press</a>. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-7817-8855-0185" title="Special:BookSources/9-7817-8855-0185"><bdi>9-7817-8855-0185</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IRA%2C+The+Bombs+and+the+Bullets%3A+A+History+of+Deadly+Ingenuity&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=2008-10-16&rft.isbn=9-7817-8855-0185&rft.au=Andy+Oppenheimer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LRFVTHG-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LRFVTHG_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LRFVTHG_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrendan_O'Brien1995" class="citation book cs1">Brendan O'Brien (1 August 1995). The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Féin, Second Edition. <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press" title="Syracuse University Press">Syracuse University Press</a>. pp. 138–141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-0597-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-0597-8"><bdi>0-8156-0597-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+War%3A+The+IRA+and+Sinn+F%C3%A9in%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pages=138-141&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.isbn=0-8156-0597-8&rft.au=Brendan+O%27Brien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrendan_O'Brien1995" class="citation book cs1">Brendan O'Brien (1 August 1995). The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Féin, Second Edition. <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press" title="Syracuse University Press">Syracuse University Press</a>. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-0597-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-0597-8"><bdi>0-8156-0597-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+War%3A+The+IRA+and+Sinn+F%C3%A9in%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.isbn=0-8156-0597-8&rft.au=Brendan+O%27Brien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-66"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_66-0">^</a> O'Brien, pp. 354–355. </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-67"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarnden1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Toby_Harnden" title="Toby Harnden">Harnden, Toby</a> (1999). Bandit Country. <a href="/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a>. p. 372. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-71736-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-71736-X"><bdi>0-340-71736-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bandit+Country&rft.pages=372&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-340-71736-X&rft.aulast=Harnden&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brits-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brits_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brits_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2001" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Peter (2001). Brits: The War Against the IRA. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 353–355.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brits%3A+The+War+Against+the+IRA&rft.pages=353-355&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> "Provos' supergun seized by Army", Newcastle Journal, 18 August 1993. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarnden1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Toby_Harnden" title="Toby Harnden">Harnden, Toby</a> (1999). Bandit Country. <a href="/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a>. p. 406. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-71736-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-71736-X"><bdi>0-340-71736-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bandit+Country&rft.pages=406&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-340-71736-X&rft.aulast=Harnden&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> "Police tracked IRA sniper rifle", Sunday Life, 22 August 1993. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> "Gardai, FBI in trans-Atlantic hunt for IRA's arms suppliers", Irish Independent, 15 August 1986. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Michael_Waller1996" class="citation web cs1">J. Michael Waller (15 May 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927084212/http://www.afpc.org/rrm/rrm137.htm">"Russia Reform Monitor No. 137"</a>. American Foreign Policy Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afpc.org/rrm/rrm137.htm">the original</a> on 27 September 2006. Retrieved 26 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+Reform+Monitor+No.+137&rft.pub=American+Foreign+Policy+Council&rft.date=1996-05-15&rft.au=J.+Michael+Waller&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afpc.org%2Frrm%2Frrm137.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeborah_Michaels1996" class="citation web cs1">Deborah Michaels (14 May 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013132434/http://friends-partners.org/friends/news/omri/1996/05/960514II.html">"No. 93, Part II"</a>. Open Media Research Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friends-partners.org/friends/news/omri/1996/05/960514II.html">the original</a> on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 26 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No.+93%2C+Part+II&rft.pub=Open+Media+Research+Institute&rft.date=1996-05-14&rft.au=Deborah+Michaels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friends-partners.org%2Ffriends%2Fnews%2Fomri%2F1996%2F05%2F960514II.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamie_Wilson1999" class="citation news cs1">Jamie Wilson (7 August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501151631/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/aug/07/northernireland.jamiewilson">"IRA denies sanctioning US gun plot"</a>. The Guardian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/Northern_Ireland/Story/0,,204840,00.html">the original</a> on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=IRA+denies+sanctioning+US+gun+plot&rft.date=1999-08-07&rft.au=Jamie+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2FNorthern_Ireland%2FStory%2F0%2C%2C204840%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_McDonald2000" class="citation news cs1">Henry McDonald (20 February 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230429164714/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/feb/20/northernireland.henrymcdonald1">"Dublin stalls over gun plot"</a>. The Observer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/Northern_Ireland/Story/0,,190432,00.html">the original</a> on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Dublin+stalls+over+gun+plot&rft.date=2000-02-20&rft.au=Henry+McDonald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2FNorthern_Ireland%2FStory%2F0%2C%2C190432%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Ellison2000" class="citation news cs1">Michael Ellison (14 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/Northern_Ireland/Story/0,,331940,00.html">"'IRA arms' trial ends in confusion"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210923163020/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/jun/14/northernireland.michaelellison">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27IRA+arms%27+trial+ends+in+confusion&rft.date=2000-06-14&rft.au=Michael+Ellison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2FNorthern_Ireland%2FStory%2F0%2C%2C331940%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Irish_Times2002" class="citation news cs1">The Irish Times (21 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206011827/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ira-reported-rearming-as-castlereagh-burglary-denied-1.420747">"IRA reported rearming as Castlereagh burglary denied"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ira-reported-rearming-as-castlereagh-burglary-denied-1.420747">the original</a> on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=IRA+reported+rearming+as+Castlereagh+burglary+denied&rft.date=2002-04-21&rft.au=The+Irish+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fira-reported-rearming-as-castlereagh-burglary-denied-1.420747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Sanders_and_F._Stuart_Ross2020" class="citation journal cs1">Andrew Sanders and F. Stuart Ross (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27041321">"The Canadian Dimension to the Northern Ireland Conflict"</a>. The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies. 43: 201. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27041321">27041321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Journal+of+Irish+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Canadian+Dimension+to+the+Northern+Ireland+Conflict&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=201&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27041321%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Andrew+Sanders+and+F.+Stuart+Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27041321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Sanders_and_F._Stuart_Ross2020" class="citation journal cs1">Andrew Sanders and F. Stuart Ross (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27041321">"The Canadian Dimension to the Northern Ireland Conflict"</a>. The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies. 43: 204. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27041321">27041321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Journal+of+Irish+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Canadian+Dimension+to+the+Northern+Ireland+Conflict&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=204&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27041321%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Andrew+Sanders+and+F.+Stuart+Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27041321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyne2006" class="citation book cs1">Boyne, Sean (2006). Gunrunners. <a href="/wiki/O%27Brien_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Brien Press">O'Brien Press</a>. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86278-908-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-86278-908-7"><bdi>0-86278-908-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gunrunners&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=O%27Brien+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-86278-908-7&rft.aulast=Boyne&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4284048.stm">"IRA guns: The list of weapons"</a>. BBC. 26 September 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213065417/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4284048.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 26 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRA+guns%3A+The+list+of+weapons&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2005-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F4284048.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Colonel Gaddafi is known to have given the British Government a detailed inventory of weapons he gave to the IRA in the 1970s and 1980s, this list was handed to British intelligence in 1995. See Bowyer Bell Page 578 </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> The IICD PDF report is available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/26_09_05_decommissioning.pdf">here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060112024530/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/26_09_05_decommissioning.pdf">Archived</a> 12 January 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4283444.stm">"IRA 'has destroyed all its arms'"</a>. BBC. 26 September 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070225155758/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4283444.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2007. Retrieved 26 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRA+%27has+destroyed+all+its+arms%27&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2005-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F4283444.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/cm060208/debtext/60208-26.htm">"House of Commons Hansard Debates for 8 Feb 2006 (pt 26)"</a>. House of Commons. 8 February 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060323113529/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmhansrd/cm060208/debtext/60208-26.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2006. Retrieved 18 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Commons+Hansard+Debates+for+8+Feb+2006+%28pt+26%29&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=2006-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200506%2Fcmhansrd%2Fcm060208%2Fdebtext%2F60208-26.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvisional+Irish+Republican+Army+arms+importation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> 10th Report of the IMC Page 15 April 2006, available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independentmonitoringcommission.org/documents/uploads/ACFEF3.pdf">here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726174400/http://www.independentmonitoringcommission.org/documents/uploads/ACFEF3.pdf">Archived</a> 26 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> </ol></div> 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PIRA" title="Template:PIRA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PIRA" title="Template talk:PIRA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PIRA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PIRA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">Anti-Treaty IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_News" title="Republican News">Republican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Phoblacht" title="An Phoblacht">An Phoblacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Book_(IRA)" title="The Green Book (IRA)">The Green Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Troubles" title="Timeline of the Troubles">Timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Haughey arms crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_campaign" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army campaign">IRA campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_IRA_actions" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronology of Provisional IRA actions">Chronology of Provisional IRA actions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arms importation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_used_by_the_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="List of weapons used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army">Weaponry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrack_buster" title="Barrack buster">Barrack buster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvised_tactical_vehicles_of_the_Provisional_IRA" title="Improvised tactical vehicles of the Provisional IRA">Improvised tactical vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountjoy_Prison_helicopter_escape" title="Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape">Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_protest" title="Blanket protest">Blanket protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_protest" title="Dirty protest">Dirty protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Maze" title="HM Prison Maze">HM Prison Maze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti_H-Block" title="Anti H-Block">Anti H-Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">1981 Irish hunger strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maze_Prison_escape" title="Maze Prison escape">Maze Prison escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalite_and_ballot_box_strategy" title="Armalite and ballot box strategy">Armalite and ballot box strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_punishment_attacks_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Paramilitary punishment attacks in Northern Ireland">Punishment attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappeared_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Disappeared (Northern Ireland)">Disappeared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithwick_Tribunal" title="Smithwick Tribunal">Smithwick Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRA_Army_Council" title="IRA Army Council">IRA Army Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRA_Northern_Command" title="IRA Northern Command">IRA Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRA_Southern_Command" title="IRA Southern Command">IRA Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Unit" title="Internal Security Unit">Internal Security Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_service_unit" title="Active service unit">Active service unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Belfast_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade">Belfast Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Derry_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA Derry Brigade">Derry Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_South_Armagh_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade">South Armagh Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_East_Tyrone_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade">East Tyrone Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcombe_Street_Gang" title="Balcombe Street Gang">Balcombe Street Gang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chronologies_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions" title="List of chronologies of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions">Actions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Matthew%27s" title="Battle of St Matthew's">Battle of St Matthew's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Curfew" title="Falls Curfew">Falls Curfew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Crossmaglen_bombing" title="1970 Crossmaglen bombing">1970 Crossmaglen bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Scottish_soldiers%27_killings" title="1971 Scottish soldiers' killings">Scottish soldiers' killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lion_Pub_bombing" title="Red Lion Pub bombing">Red Lion bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Balmoral_Furniture_Company_bombing" title="1971 Balmoral Furniture Company bombing">Balmoral showroom bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abercorn_Restaurant_bombing" title="Abercorn Restaurant bombing">Abercorn bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donegall_Street_bombing" title="Donegall Street bombing">Donegall Street bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Springmartin" title="Battle at Springmartin">Battle at Springmartin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lenadoon" title="Battle of Lenadoon">Battle of Lenadoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Friday_(1972)" title="Bloody Friday (1972)">Bloody Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudy_bombing" title="Claudy bombing">Claudy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry_customs_bombing" title="Newry customs bombing">Newry customs bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Old_Bailey_bombing" title="1973 Old Bailey bombing">Old Bailey bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Honey_Trap_killings" title="Provisional IRA Honey Trap killings">Honey Trap killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_King%27s_Cross_and_Euston_stations" title="Bombings of King's Cross and Euston stations">King's Cross & Euston bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Coleraine_bombings" title="1973 Coleraine bombings">Coleraine bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Westminster_bombing" title="1973 Westminster bombing">1973 Westminster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M62_coach_bombing" title="M62 coach bombing">M62 bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_UDR_Clogher_barracks" title="Attack on UDR Clogher barracks">Clogher attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Houses_of_Parliament_bombing" title="1974 Houses of Parliament bombing">Houses of Parliament bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Tower_of_London_bombing" title="1974 Tower of London bombing">Tower of London bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildford_pub_bombings" title="Guildford pub bombings">Guildford pub bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_School_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrow School bombing">Harrow School bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%27s_Club_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooks's Club bombing">Brooks's Club bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolwich_pub_bombing" title="Woolwich pub bombing">Woolwich pub bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_British_Airways_bombing_attempt" title="1974 British Airways bombing attempt">British Airways bombing attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_pub_bombings" title="Birmingham pub bombings">Birmingham pub bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_London_pillar_box_bombings" title="1974 London pillar box bombings">London pillar box bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Arms_pub_bombing" title="Talbot Arms pub bombing">Talbot Arms bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Bristol_bombing" title="1974 Bristol bombing">Bristol bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone exchange bombings">Telephone exchange bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Oxford_Street_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 Oxford Street bombing">1974 Oxford Street bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Tower_and_Portman_Hotel_shootings" title="Carlton Tower and Portman Hotel shootings">Carlton Tower & Portman Hotel shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountainview_Tavern_attack" title="Mountainview Tavern attack">Mountainview attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayardo_Bar_attack" title="Bayardo Bar attack">Bayardo Bar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forkhill_land_mine_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Forkhill land mine attack">Forkhill attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Arms_pub_bombing" title="Caterham Arms pub bombing">Caterham Arms bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullyvallen_massacre" title="Tullyvallen massacre">Tullyvallen massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Hilton_bombing" title="London Hilton bombing">London Hilton bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Piccadilly_bombing" title="1975 Piccadilly bombing">Piccadilly bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trattoria_Fiore_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Trattoria Fiore bombing">Trattoria Fiore bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott%27s_Oyster_Bar_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott's Oyster Bar bombing">Scott's Oyster Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton%27s_Restaurant_bombing" title="Walton's Restaurant bombing">Walton's Restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummuckavall_ambush" title="Drummuckavall ambush">Drummuckavall ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcombe_Street_siege" title="Balcombe Street siege">Balcombe Street siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsmill_massacre" title="Kingsmill massacre">Kingsmill massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ham_station_attack" title="West Ham station attack">West Ham station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Olympia_bombing" title="1976 Olympia bombing">Olympia bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Store_Bar_shooting" title="The Store Bar shooting">Store bar shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_Inn_attack" title="Stag Inn attack">Stag Inn attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryhinch_ambush" title="Garryhinch ambush">Garryhinch ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_British_Army_Gazelle_downing" title="1978 British Army Gazelle downing">Jonesborough Gazelle downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mon_restaurant_bombing" title="La Mon restaurant bombing">La Mon restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Crossmaglen_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 Crossmaglen ambush">Crossmaglen ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrenpoint_ambush" title="Warrenpoint ambush">Warrenpoint ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Brussels_bombing" title="1979 Brussels bombing">Brussels bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungannon_land_mine_attack" title="Dungannon land mine attack">Dungannon attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunmurry_train_bombing" title="Dunmurry train bombing">Dunmurry train bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_shipping_in_Lough_Foyle_(1981%E2%80%9382)" title="Attacks on shipping in Lough Foyle (1981–82)">Lough Foyle attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasdrumman_ambush" title="Glasdrumman ambush">Glasdrumman ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessbrook_landmine_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessbrook landmine attack">1981 Bessbrook attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Barracks_bombing" title="Chelsea Barracks bombing">Chelsea Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_and_Regent%27s_Park_bombings" title="Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings">Hyde Park & Regent's Park bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrods bombing">Harrods bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Royal_Artillery_Barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 Royal Artillery Barracks bombing">Royal Artillery Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballygawley_land_mine_attack" title="Ballygawley land mine attack">Ballygawley land mine attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Newry_mortar_attack" title="1985 Newry mortar attack">Newry mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Ballygawley_barracks" title="Attack on Ballygawley barracks">Ballygawley attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_attack_on_Enniskillen_barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortar attack on Enniskillen barracks">Enniskillen mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_RUC_Birches_barracks" title="Attack on RUC Birches barracks">RUC Birches barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Rheindahlen_bombing" title="1987 Rheindahlen bombing">Rheindahlen bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughgall_ambush" title="Loughgall ambush">Loughgall ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flavius" title="Operation Flavius">Operation Flavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporals_killings" title="Corporals killings">Corporals killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn_van_bombing" title="Lisburn van bombing">Lisburn bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1988 British Army Lynx shootdown">Aughanduff Lynx shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_IRA_attacks_in_the_Netherlands" title="1988 IRA attacks in the Netherlands">1988 Netherlands attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_barracks_bombing" title="Glamorgan barracks bombing">Glamorgan barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglis_Barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Inglis Barracks bombing">Inglis Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballygawley_bus_bombing" title="Ballygawley bus bombing">Ballygawley bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Jonesborough_ambush" title="1989 Jonesborough ambush">Jonesborough ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Clive Barracks bombing">Clive Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deal_barracks_bombing" title="Deal barracks bombing">Deal barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayobridge_landmine_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayobridge landmine attack">Mayobridge attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Derryard_checkpoint" title="Attack on Derryard checkpoint">Derryard attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1990%E2%80%931991)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1990–1991)">1990–1991</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_British_Army_Gazelle_shootdown" title="1990 British Army Gazelle shootdown">Derrygorry Gazelle downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Sniper_(1990%E2%80%931997)" title="South Armagh Sniper (1990–1997)">South Armagh sniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Downpatrick_roadside_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Downpatrick roadside bomb">Downpatrick roadside bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Conservation" title="Operation Conservation">Operation Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Wembley_bombing" title="1990 Wembley bombing">1990 Wembley bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club_bombing" title="Carlton Club bombing">Carlton Club bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange_bombing" title="London Stock Exchange bombing">London Stock Exchange bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Honourable Artillery Company bombing">Honourable Artillery Company bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_gun_attack" title="Lichfield gun attack">Lichfield gun attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFA_Fort_Victoria_bombing" title="RFA Fort Victoria bombing">RFA Fort Victoria bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_bomb" title="Proxy bomb">Proxy bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_mortar_attack" title="Downing Street mortar attack">Downing Street mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_Paddington_and_Victoria_stations" title="Bombings of Paddington and Victoria stations">Paddington & Victoria station bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullacreevie_ambush" title="Mullacreevie ambush">Mullacreevie ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenanne_barracks_bombing" title="Glenanne barracks bombing">Glenanne barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coagh_ambush" title="Coagh ambush">Coagh ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgrave_Park_Hospital_bombing" title="Musgrave Park Hospital bombing">Musgrave Park Hospital bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumlin_Road_Prison_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Crumlin Road Prison bombing">Crumlin Road Prison bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1992%E2%80%931999)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1992–1999)">1992–1997</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teebane_bombing" title="Teebane bombing">Teebane bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonoe_ambush" title="Clonoe ambush">Clonoe ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_London_Bridge_bombing" title="1992 London Bridge bombing">London Bridge bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Staples_Corner_bombing" title="1992 Staples Corner bombing">Staples Cnr bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Exchange_bombing" title="Baltic Exchange bombing">Baltic Exchange bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_Arms_pub_bombing" title="Sussex Arms pub bombing">Sussex Arms bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Cloghoge_checkpoint" title="Attack on Cloghoge checkpoint">Cloghoge attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Coalisland_riots" title="1992 Coalisland riots">Coalisland riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_Science_Laboratory_bombing" title="Forensic Science Laboratory bombing">Forensic Science Laboratory bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Newington_Road_lorry_bomb" title="Stoke Newington Road lorry bomb">Stoke Newington Road bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Manchester_bombing" title="1992 Manchester bombing">1992 Manchester bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives_(1992)" class="mw-redirect" title="Night of the Long Knives (1992)">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Harrods_bombing" title="1993 Harrods bombing">1993 Harrods bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_bombings" title="Warrington bombings">Warrington bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Cullaville" title="Occupation of Cullaville">Cullaville occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Camden_Town_bombing" title="1993 Camden Town bombing">Camden bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Bishopsgate_bombing" title="1993 Bishopsgate bombing">Bishopsgate bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Finchley_Road_bombings" title="1993 Finchley Road bombings">Finchley Road bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Newry_Road" title="Battle of Newry Road">Battle of Newry Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankill_Road_bombing" title="Shankill Road bombing">Shankill Road bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Fivemiletown_ambush" title="1993 Fivemiletown ambush">1993 Fivemiletown ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathrow_mortar_attacks" title="Heathrow mortar attacks">Heathrow attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1994 British Army Lynx shootdown">Crossmaglen Lynx downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumcree_conflict" title="Drumcree conflict">Drumcree conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Docklands_bombing" title="1996 Docklands bombing">Docklands bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldwych_bus_bombing" title="Aldwych bus bombing">Aldwych bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Manchester_bombing" title="1996 Manchester bombing">1996 Manchester bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Hammersmith_Bridge_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Hammersmith Bridge bombing">Hammersmith Bridge bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck_mortar_attack" title="Osnabrück mortar attack">Osnabrück mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiepval_barracks_bombing" title="Thiepval barracks bombing">Thiepval barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Coalisland_attack" title="1997 Coalisland attack">Coalisland attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Northern_Ireland_riots" title="1997 Northern Ireland riots">1997 Northern Ireland riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Irish_Republican_Army" title="List of members of the Irish Republican Army">Personalities</a> <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_(Irish_republican)" title="Volunteer (Irish republican)">(Volunteers)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Agnew_(Irish_republican)" title="Paddy Agnew (Irish republican)">Paddy Agnew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martina_Anderson" title="Martina Anderson">Martina Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declan_Arthurs" title="Declan Arthurs">Declan Arthurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Begley" title="Thomas Begley">Thomas Begley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Bell" title="Ivor Bell">Ivor Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Black_(Irish_republican)" title="Patricia Black (Irish republican)">Patricia Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Breslin" title="Charles Breslin">Charles Breslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Butler_(Irish_republican)" title="Edward Butler (Irish republican)">Edward Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(politician)" title="Paul Butler (politician)">Paul Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cahill" title="Joe Cahill">Joe Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Campbell" title="Liam Campbell">Liam Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergal_Caraher" title="Fergal Caraher">Fergal Caraher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachy_Carey" title="Malachy Carey">Malachy Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Carron" title="Owen Carron">Owen Carron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(Irish_republican)" title="Gerard Casey (Irish republican)">Gerard Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car%C3%A1l_N%C3%AD_Chuil%C3%ADn" title="Carál Ní Chuilín">Carál Ní Chuilín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Cleary" title="Gabriel Cleary">Gabriel Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cleary" title="Peter Cleary">Peter Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Coen" title="Kevin Coen">Kevin Coen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Collins" title="Eamon Collins">Eamon Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Copeland" title="Eddie Copeland">Eddie Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Coyle" title="Marion Coyle">Marion Coyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Davison" title="Gerard Davison">Gerard Davison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Devlin_(Irish_republican)" title="Matt Devlin (Irish republican)">Matt Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Doherty_(Irish_republican)" title="Hugh Doherty (Irish republican)">Hugh Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Doherty" title="Joe Doherty">Joe Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Doherty_(hunger_striker)" title="Kieran Doherty (hunger striker)">Kieran Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Doherty_(Irish_republican)" title="Martin Doherty (Irish republican)">Martin Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Doherty_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Pat Doherty (Northern Ireland politician)">Pat Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Duffy" title="Colin Duffy">Colin Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Dugdale" title="Rose Dugdale">Rose Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie_Ellis" title="Dessie Ellis">Dessie Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mair%C3%A9ad_Farrell" title="Mairéad Farrell">Mairéad Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fleming_(Irish_republican)" title="William Fleming (Irish republican)">William Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Fleming" title="Kieran Fleming">Kieran Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fox_(Irish_republican)" title="Bernard Fox (Irish republican)">Bernard Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Fusco" title="Angelo Fusco">Angelo Fusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gaughan_(Irish_republican)" title="Michael Gaughan (Irish republican)">Michael Gaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Green" title="John Francis Green">John Francis Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie_Grew" title="Dessie Grew">Dessie Grew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison_(Irish_republican)" title="George Harrison (Irish republican)">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Hughes" title="Brendan Hughes">Brendan Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hughes" title="Francis Hughes">Francis Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hurson" title="Martin Hurson">Martin Hurson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearse_Jordan" title="Pearse Jordan">Pearse Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Keenan_(Irish_republican)" title="Brian Keenan (Irish republican)">Brian Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Kelly" title="Gerry Kelly">Gerry Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kelly_(Sinn_F%C3%A9in_politician)" title="John Kelly (Sinn Féin politician)">John Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Joseph_Kelly" title="Patrick Joseph Kelly">Patrick Joseph Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Kelly_(Irish_republican)" title="Sean Kelly (Irish republican)">Sean Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lynagh" title="Jim Lynagh">Jim Lynagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proinsias_Mac_Airt" title="Proinsias Mac Airt">Proinsias Mac Airt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breand%C3%A1n_Mac_Cionnaith" title="Breandán Mac Cionnaith">Breandán Mac Cionnaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Mac_Giolla_Bhrighde" title="Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde">Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_MacManus" title="Joseph MacManus">Joseph MacManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_St%C3%ADof%C3%A1in" title="Seán Mac Stíofáin">Seán Mac Stíofáin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Magee_(Irish_republican)" title="Patrick Magee (Irish republican)">Patrick Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Magee" title="Paul Magee">Paul Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Maguire" title="Donna Maguire">Donna Maguire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Marley" title="Larry Marley">Larry Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marlowe_(Irish_republican)" title="Paul Marlowe (Irish republican)">Paul Marlowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Martin_(Irish_republican)" title="Leo Martin (Irish republican)">Leo Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Maskey" title="Alex Maskey">Alex Maskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearse_McAuley" title="Pearse McAuley">Pearse McAuley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McCann" title="Daniel McCann">Daniel McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fra_McCann" title="Fra McCann">Fra McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_McCann" title="Jennifer McCann">Jennifer McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_McCartney" title="Raymond McCartney">Raymond McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McCaughey" title="Martin McCaughey">Martin McCaughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_McCreesh" title="Raymond McCreesh">Raymond McCreesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_McDonnell_(hunger_striker)" title="Joe McDonnell (hunger striker)">Joe McDonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9amus_McElwaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Séamus McElwaine">Séamus McElwaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McElwee" title="Thomas McElwee">Thomas McElwee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_McFarlane" title="Brendan McFarlane">Brendan McFarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McFeely" title="Tom McFeely">Tom McFeely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_McGeough" title="Gerry McGeough">Gerry McGeough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_McGeown" title="Pat McGeown">Pat McGeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joe_McGirl" title="John Joe McGirl">John Joe McGirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_McKearney" title="Pádraig McKearney">Pádraig McKearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_McKearney" title="Tommy McKearney">Tommy McKearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_McKee" title="Billy McKee">Billy McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McKenna_(Irish_republican)" title="Kevin McKenna (Irish republican)">Kevin McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_McKeown" title="Laurence McKeown">Laurence McKeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McKevitt" title="Michael McKevitt">Michael McKevitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McMahon_(Irish_republican)" title="Thomas McMahon (Irish republican)">Thomas McMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_McMullan" title="Jackie McMullan">Jackie McMullan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Meehan_(Irish_republican)" title="Martin Meehan (Irish republican)">Martin Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Milne" title="Ian Milne">Ian Milne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Morgan_(Irish_politician)" title="Arthur Morgan (Irish politician)">Arthur Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Morrison_(Irish_republican)" title="Danny Morrison (Irish republican)">Danny Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conor_Murphy" title="Conor Murphy">Conor Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Murphy_(Irish_republican)" title="Thomas Murphy (Irish republican)">Thomas "Slab" Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Nugent" title="Kieran Nugent">Kieran Nugent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O%27Brien_(Irish_republican)" title="Edward O'Brien (Irish republican)">Ed O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_Conaill" title="Dáithí Ó Conaill">Dáithí Ó Conaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amonn_O%27Doherty_(Irish_republican)" title="Éamonn O'Doherty (Irish republican)">Éamonn O'Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_B._O%27Hagan" title="Joe B. O'Hagan">Joe B. O'Hagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobh%C3%A1n_O%27Hanlon" title="Siobhán O'Hanlon">Siobhán O'Hanlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_O%27Hare" title="Rita O'Hare">Rita O'Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_O%27Neill" title="Diarmuid O'Neill">Diarmuid O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolours_Price" title="Dolours Price">Dolours Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Price" title="Marian Price">Marian Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Quinn" title="Liam Quinn">Liam Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Quinn_(Irish_republican)" title="Paddy Quinn (Irish republican)">Paddy Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Reid_(Irish_republican)" title="Billy Reid (Irish republican)">Billy Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sands" title="Bobby Sands">Bobby Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Savage" title="Seán Savage">Seán Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Sheehan_(Irish_republican)" title="Pat Sheehan (Irish republican)">Pat Sheehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stagg_(Irish_republican)" title="Frank Stagg (Irish republican)">Frank Stagg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Steele_(Irish_republican)" title="Jimmy Steele (Irish republican)">Jimmy Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Storey" title="Bobby Storey">Bobby Storey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Tuite" title="Gerard Tuite">Gerard Tuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Twomey" title="Seamus Twomey">Seamus Twomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Walsh" title="Roy Walsh">Roy Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9anna_Walsh" title="Séanna Walsh">Séanna Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Espionage and <a href="/wiki/Supergrass_(informant)" title="Supergrass (informant)">Supergrasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Collins" title="Eamon Collins">Eamon Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Donaldson" title="Denis Donaldson">Denis Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fenton" title="Joseph Fenton">Joseph Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Fulton" title="Kevin Fulton">Kevin Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gilmour" title="Raymond Gilmour">Raymond Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McGartland" title="Martin McGartland">Martin McGartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Callaghan" title="Sean O'Callaghan">Sean O'Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Scappaticci" title="Freddie Scappaticci">Freddie Scappaticci</a> (allegedly "<a href="/wiki/Stakeknife" class="mw-redirect" title="Stakeknife">Stakeknife</a>")</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan" title="Cumann na mBan">Cumann na mBan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_%C3%89ireann" title="Fianna Éireann">Fianna Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Republican_Action_Force" title="South Armagh Republican Action Force">South Armagh Republican Action Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Against_Drugs" title="Direct Action Against Drugs">Direct Action Against Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAID" title="NORAID">NORAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Clan na Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troops_Out_Movement" title="Troops Out Movement">Troops Out Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity Irish Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real Irish Republican Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent killings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Agate" title="Jeffery Agate">Jeffery Stanford Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tim_Parry_Johnathan_Ball_Foundation_for_Peace" title="The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace">Johnathan Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Berry" title="Anthony Berry">Anthony Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bradford_(Northern_Irish_politician)" title="Robert Bradford (Northern Irish politician)">Robert Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bratty" title="Joe Bratty">Joe Bratty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Matthew_Burns" title="Murder of Matthew Burns">Matthew Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Cahill" title="Martin Cahill">Martin Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Collins" title="Eamon Collins">Eamon Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Elder" title="Raymond Elder">Raymond Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Evans" title="Gerard Evans">Gerard Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ewart-Biggs" title="Christopher Ewart-Biggs">Christopher Ewart-Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fenton" title="Joseph Fenton">Joseph Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Fox_(politician)" title="Billy Fox (politician)">Billy Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gibson" title="Maurice Gibson">Maurice Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Gow" title="Ian Gow">Ian Gow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Heidi_Hazell" title="Killing of Heidi Hazell">Heidi Hazell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Kaberry,_Baron_Kaberry_of_Adel" title="Donald Kaberry, Baron Kaberry of Adel">Donald Kaberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Andrew_Kearney" title="Murder of Andrew Kearney">Andrew Kearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doreen_Knatchbull,_Baroness_Brabourne" title="Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne">Baroness Brabourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Marchant_(loyalist)" title="William Marchant (loyalist)">William "Frenchie" Marchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McBirney" title="Martin McBirney">Martin McBirney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerry_McCabe" title="Killing of Jerry McCabe">Jerry McCabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McConnell_(loyalist)" title="Robert McConnell (loyalist)">Robert McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jean_McConville" title="Murder of Jean McConville">Jean McConville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_McVeigh" title="Columba McVeigh">Columba McVeigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_McWhirter" title="Ross McWhirter">Ross McWhirter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killings_of_Nick_Spanos_and_Stephen_Melrose" title="Killings of Nick Spanos and Stephen Melrose">Stephen Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Lord Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenny_Murphy" title="Lenny Murphy">Lenny Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nairac" title="Robert Nairac">Robert Nairac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Thomas_Oliver" title="Murder of Thomas Oliver">Thomas Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tim_Parry_Johnathan_Ball_Foundation_for_Peace" title="The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace">Tim Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Paul_Quinn" title="Murder of Paul Quinn">Paul Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Seymour_(loyalist)" title="Robert Seymour (loyalist)">Robert Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Robert_McCartney" title="Murder of Robert McCartney">Robert McCartney</a> (allegedly)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Joseph_Rafferty" title="Murder of Joseph Rafferty">Joseph Rafferty</a> (allegedly)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Smallwoods" title="Ray Smallwoods">Ray Smallwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Smyth_(loyalist)" title="Sammy Smyth (loyalist)">Sammy Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killings_of_Nick_Spanos_and_Stephen_Melrose" title="Killings of Nick Spanos and Stephen Melrose">Nick Spanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stronge_(Mid-Armagh_MP)" title="James Stronge (Mid-Armagh MP)">James Stronge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Stronge" title="Norman Stronge">Norman Stronge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sykes_(diplomat)" title="Richard Sykes (diplomat)">Richard Sykes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Stephen_Tibble" title="Murder of Stephen Tibble">Stephen Tibble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Ward" title="Sammy Ward">Sammy Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Willetts" title="Michael Willetts">Michael Willetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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