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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa" title="Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa" title="Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_O%E2%80%99Donovan_Rossa" title="Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa" title="Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa" title="Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarmaid_%C3%93_Donnabh%C3%A1in_Rosa" title="Diarmaid Ó Donnabháin Rosa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Diarmaid Ó Donnabháin Rosa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarmaid_%C3%93_Donnabh%C3%A1in_Rossa" title="Diarmaid Ó Donnabháin Rossa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diarmaid Ó Donnabháin Rossa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_O%E2%80%99Donovan_Rossa" title="Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Irish republican (1831&ndash1925)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa,_circa_1900_to_1910_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_circa_1900_to_1910_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_circa_1900_to_1910_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_circa_1900_to_1910_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_circa_1900_to_1910_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_circa_1900_to_1910_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_circa_1900_to_1910_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2643" data-file-height="3527" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Rossa, c. 1900</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> <br /> for <a href="/wiki/Tipperary_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tipperary (UK Parliament constituency)">Tipperary</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 1869 – February 1870</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jeremiah Donovan</div><br />before 4 September 1831<br />Reanascreena, <a href="/wiki/Rosscarbery" title="Rosscarbery">Rosscarbery</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><time class="dday deathdate" datetime="1915-06-29">29 June 1915</time> (aged 83)<br /><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>, New York, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Honora "Nora" Eager</li><li>Ellen Buckley (Eileán Ní Bhuachalla)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_O%27Donovan_Rossa" title="Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa">Mary Jane Irwin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood" title="Fenian Brotherhood">Fenian Brotherhood</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Clan na Gael</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_Irishmen_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United Irishmen of America">United Irishmen of America</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1858–1915</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_dynamite_campaign" title="Fenian dynamite campaign">Fenian dynamite campaign</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#169B62; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:150%; font-weight:bold; color:black; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism"><span style="color:white;">Irish republicanism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Republic_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/122px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="122" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/183px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/244px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">Abstentionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalite_and_ballot_box_strategy" title="Armalite and ballot box strategy">Armalite and ballot box strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_republican" title="Dissident republican">Dissident republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ire_Nua" title="Éire Nua">Éire Nua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republican_legitimism" title="Irish republican legitimism">Irish republican legitimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Departure_(Ireland)" title="New Departure (Ireland)">New Departure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebellion_of_1803" title="Irish rebellion of 1803">Irish rebellion of 1803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland_rebellion" title="Young Ireland rebellion">Young Ireland rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_dynamite_campaign" title="Fenian dynamite campaign">Fenian dynamite campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="1918 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1918 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_revolutionary_period" title="Irish revolutionary period">Irish revolutionary period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Plan" title="S-Plan">S-Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">Border Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Arms Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">1981 Irish hunger strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Brugha" title="Cathal Brugha">Cathal Brugha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Blaney" title="Neil Blaney">Neil Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clarke_(Irish_republican)" title="Tom Clarke (Irish republican)">Tom Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Costello" title="Seamus Costello">Seamus Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Emmet" title="Robert Emmet">Robert Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Goulding" title="Cathal Goulding">Cathal Goulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Kelly_(Irish_nationalist)" title="Thomas J. Kelly (Irish nationalist)">Thomas J. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_St%C3%ADof%C3%A1in" title="Seán Mac Stíofáin">Seán Mac Stíofáin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_MacSwiney" title="Terence MacSwiney">Terence MacSwiney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Constance Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Devlin_McAliskey" title="Bernadette Devlin McAliskey">Bernadette Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_Conaill" title="Dáithí Ó Conaill">Dáithí Ó Conaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peadar_O%27Donnell" title="Peadar O'Donnell">Peadar O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Mahony" title="John O'Mahony">John O'Mahony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pearse" title="Patrick Pearse">Patrick Pearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Russell" title="Seán Russell">Seán Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sands" title="Bobby Sands">Bobby Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stephens_(Fenian)" title="James Stephens (Fenian)">James Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone" title="Wolfe Tone">Wolfe Tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Twomey" title="Moss Twomey">Moss Twomey</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Active parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aont%C3%BA" title="Aontú">Aontú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ir%C3%ADg%C3%AD" title="Éirígí">Éirígí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Party" title="Irish Republican Socialist Party">Irish Republican Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Network_for_Unity" title="Republican Network for Unity">Republican Network for Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoradh" title="Saoradh">Saoradh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ireland_Anti-Partition_League" title="All Ireland Anti-Partition League">All Ireland Anti-Partition League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti_H-Block" title="Anti H-Block">Anti H-Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aontacht_%C3%89ireann" title="Aontacht Éireann">Aontacht Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Poblachta" title="Clann na Poblachta">Clann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_%C3%89ireann" title="Clann Éireann">Clann Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ireland_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_na_Poblachta" title="Córas na Poblachta">Córas na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_Poblachta" title="Cumann na Poblachta">Cumann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_Poblachta_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann">Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_Uladh" title="Fianna Uladh">Fianna Uladh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Independent Fianna Fáil">Independent Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Anti-Partition_League" title="Irish Anti-Partition League">Irish Anti-Partition League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independence_Party" title="Irish Independence Party">Irish Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Socialist_Republican_Party" title="Irish Socialist Republican Party">Irish Socialist Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Workers%27_Group_(1976)" title="Irish Workers' Group (1976)">Irish Workers' Group <small>(1976)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Corporate_Party" title="National Corporate Party">National Corporate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Council_for_Unity" title="Northern Council for Unity">Northern Council for Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Congress" title="Republican Congress">Republican Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Labour_Party" title="Republican Labour Party">Republican Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Socialist_Collective" title="Republican Socialist Collective">Republican Socialist Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_%C3%89ire" title="Saor Éire">Saor Éire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sligo%E2%80%93Leitrim_Independent_Socialist_Organisation" title="Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation">SLISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republican_Party_(Ireland)" title="Socialist Republican Party (Ireland)">Socialist Republican Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Militant groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm_na_Poblachta" title="Arm na Poblachta">Arm na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan" title="Cumann na mBan">Cumann na mBan‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_%C3%89ireann" title="Fianna Éireann">Fianna Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Liberation_Army" title="Irish Republican Liberation Army">Irish Republican Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Republican Movement">Irish Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Irish_Republican_Army" title="New Irish Republican Army">New IRA</a></li></ul> <p><b>Inactive</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army" title="Irish National Liberation Army">Irish National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93glaigh_na_h%C3%89ireann_(Real_IRA_splinter_group)" title="Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group)">Óglaigh na hÉireann <small>(Real IRA splinter group)</small></a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Column" title="Connolly Column">Connolly Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Brigade_(World_War_I)" title="Irish Brigade (World War I)">Irish Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Citizen_Army" title="Irish Citizen Army">Irish Citizen Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Invincibles" title="Irish National Invincibles">Irish National Invincibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_People%27s_Liberation_Organisation" title="Irish People's Liberation Organisation">Irish People's Liberation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">Irish Republican Army <small>(1919–1922)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">Irish Republican Army <small>(1922–1969)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Revolutionary_Forces" title="Irish Revolutionary Forces">Irish Revolutionary Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Volunteers" title="Irish Volunteers">Irish Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Official Irish Republican Army">Official IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Action_Against_Drugs" title="Republican Action Against Drugs">Republican Action Against Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Defence_Army" title="Republican Defence Army">Republican Defence Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_%C3%89ire_(1967%E2%80%931975)" title="Saor Éire (1967–1975)">Saor Éire <small>(1967–1975)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_Uladh" title="Saor Uladh">Saor Uladh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_United_Irishmen" title="Society of United Irishmen">Society of United Irishmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Republican_Action_Force" title="South Armagh Republican Action Force">South Armagh Republican Action Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland" title="Young Ireland">Young Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Active Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/32_County_Sovereignty_Movement" title="32 County Sovereignty Movement">32 County Sovereignty Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Imperialist_Action_Ireland" title="Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland">Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabhair" title="Cabhair">Cabhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Association" title="Connolly Association">Connolly Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Youth_Movement" title="Connolly Youth Movement">Connolly Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRPWA" title="IRPWA">IRPWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Congress" title="Irish National Congress">Irish National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Committees_of_North_America" title="Irish Republican Socialist Committees of North America">IRSCNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAID" title="NORAID">NORAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Graves_Association,_Belfast" title="National Graves Association, Belfast">National Graves Association, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Graves_Association" title="National Graves Association">National Graves Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Housing_League" title="Revolutionary Housing League">Revolutionary Housing League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone_Societies" title="Wolfe Tone Societies">Wolfe Tone Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Ógra Fianna Fáil">Ógra Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Shinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Ógra Shinn Féin">Ógra Shinn Féin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Clan na Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Clann na hÉireann">Clann na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_na_Poblachta" title="Comhairle na Poblachta">Comhairle na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungannon_Clubs" title="Dungannon Clubs">Dungannon Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_Monument_Association" title="Emmet Monument Association">Emmet Monument Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood" title="Fenian Brotherhood">Fenian Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Irish_Freedom" title="Friends of Irish Freedom">Friends of Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Voice" title="Irish Republican Voice">Irish Republican Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Socialist_Federation" title="Irish Socialist Federation">Irish Socialist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communist_Republicans" title="League of Communist Republicans">League of Communist Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Resistance_Movement" title="Northern Resistance Movement">Northern Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_(Ireland)" title="People's Democracy (Ireland)">People's Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_National_and_Literary_Society" title="Phoenix National and Literary Society">Phoenix National and Literary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troops_Out_Movement" title="Troops Out Movement">Troops Out Movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Phoblacht" title="An Phoblacht">An Phoblacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_Press" title="Evening Press">Evening Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_Days_in_Ireland" title="Guerrilla Days in Ireland">Guerrilla Days in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRIS_Magazine" title="IRIS Magazine">IRIS Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Freedom" title="Irish Freedom">Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_News" title="Republican News">Republican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoirse_Irish_Freedom" title="Saoirse Irish Freedom">Saoirse Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in_(newspaper)" title="Sinn Féin (newspaper)">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gaelic_American" title="The Gaelic American">The Gaelic American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hibernia_Magazine" title="The Hibernia Magazine">The Hibernia Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Felon" title="The Irish Felon">The Irish Felon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_People_(1863_newspaper)" title="The Irish People (1863 newspaper)">The Irish People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Press" title="The Irish Press">The Irish Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation_(Irish_newspaper)" title="The Nation (Irish newspaper)">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_(magazine)" title="The Phoenix (magazine)">The Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Plough_(magazine)" title="The Starry Plough (magazine)">The Starry Plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Press" title="The Sunday Press">The Sunday Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Irishman_(1848_newspaper)" title="United Irishman (1848 newspaper)">United Irishman <small>(1848 newspaper)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Irishman_(1948_newspaper)" title="United Irishman (1948 newspaper)">United Irishman <small>(1948 newspaper)</small></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christy_Moore" title="Christy Moore">Christy Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dubliners" title="The Dubliners">The Dubliners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebel_song" title="Irish rebel song">Irish rebel songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneecap_(band)" title="Kneecap (band)">Kneecap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wolfe_Tones" title="The Wolfe Tones">The Wolfe Tones</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/16px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/24px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_republicanism" title="Template:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_republicanism" title="Template talk:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_republicanism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Diarmaid Ó Donnabháin Rosa</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4 September 1831 (baptised) – 29 June 1915)<sup id="cite_ref-O'Callaghan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Callaghan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an Irish <a href="/wiki/Fenian" title="Fenian">Fenian</a> leader who was one of the leading members of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a> (IRB). Born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Rosscarbery" title="Rosscarbery">Rosscarbery</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>, he witnessed the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Famine</a>. Rossa founded the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_National_and_Literary_Society" title="Phoenix National and Literary Society">Phoenix National and Literary Society</a> and dedicated his life to working towards the establishment of an independent <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a>. He joined the IRB, was arrested by the British and sentenced to life imprisonment. In 1869 he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">British parliament</a> while in prison. After being exiled to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in 1870 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Cuba_Five" title="Cuba Five">Cuba Five</a> amnesty, Rossa worked with other Irish revolutionary organisations there to oppose British rule in Ireland. </p><p>Rossa was one of the primary advocates of <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">physical force Irish republicanism</a> and organised the <a href="/wiki/Fenian_dynamite_campaign" title="Fenian dynamite campaign">Fenian dynamite campaign</a>, which saw Irish republican groups carry out bombing attacks in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, targeting both government and civilian targets. The campaign caused widespread outrage among the British public, and Rossa was subject to a failed assassination attempt from an Englishwoman in 1885, the same year the campaign ended. Following his death in 1915, he was buried in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Glasnevin_Cemetery" title="Glasnevin Cemetery">Glasnevin Cemetery</a>, and Rossa's funeral served as a major rallying point for Irish republicans and is often cited as a direct stepping stone towards the events of the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> in 1916. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa was born <b>Jeremiah Donovan</b> in the <a href="/wiki/Townland" title="Townland">townland</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reanascreena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reanascreena (page does not exist)">Reanascreena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosscarbery" title="Rosscarbery">Rosscarbery</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>, to Denis Donovan and Ellen Driscol, and was baptised on 4 September 1831.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents were <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish-speaking</a> tenant farmers who raised him in the language.<sup id="cite_ref-boy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the scholar <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Donovan_(scholar)" title="John O'Donovan (scholar)">John O'Donovan</a>, with whom Rossa corresponded, Rossa's ancestors belonged to the obscure but ancient <a href="/wiki/Sliocht" class="mw-redirect" title="Sliocht">sliocht</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=MacEnesles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacEnesles (page does not exist)">MacEnesles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Clan_Aneslis" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan Aneslis">Clan Aneslis</a> O'Donovans.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His ancestors had held <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> in Kilmeen parish in the 17th century before the confiscations, with his <a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">agnomen</a> "Rossa" coming from the townland of Rossmore in <a href="/wiki/Kilmeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilmeen">Kilmeen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rossa became a shopkeeper in <a href="/wiki/Skibbereen" title="Skibbereen">Skibbereen</a>, where, in 1856, he established the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_National_and_Literary_Society" title="Phoenix National and Literary Society">Phoenix National and Literary Society</a>, the aim of which was "the liberation of Ireland by force of arms",<sup id="cite_ref-Mac_Thomáis_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mac_Thomáis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This organisation would later become a front for the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a> (IRB), founded two years later in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrest_and_imprisonment">Arrest and imprisonment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arrest and imprisonment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1858, he was arrested and jailed without trial until July 1859. In 1863 he became the business manager of <a href="/wiki/James_Stephens_(Fenian)" title="James Stephens (Fenian)">James Stephens</a>' newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_People_(1863_newspaper)" title="The Irish People (1863 newspaper)">The Irish People</a></i> which was raided and suppressed in September 1865. As part of the raid, Rossa was arrested and held at Richmond Bridewell prison to await trial by the Special Commission on charges of <a href="/wiki/Treason_Felony_Act_1848" title="Treason Felony Act 1848">treason felony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fanny_Parnell" title="Fanny Parnell">Fanny Parnell</a>, co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Land_League" title="Ladies' Land League">Ladies' Land League</a> with her sister <a href="/wiki/Anna_Catherine_Parnell" title="Anna Catherine Parnell">Anna Parnell</a> attended the trial which was thought to have influenced her thinking.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sentenced to penal servitude for life due to his previous convictions. He served his time in <a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Pentonville" title="HM Prison Pentonville">Pentonville</a>, <a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Portland" title="HM Prison Portland">Portland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millbank" title="Millbank">Millbank</a> and Chatham prisons in England.<sup id="cite_ref-Mac_Thomáis_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mac_Thomáis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rossa was a defiant prisoner, manacled for 35 straight days for throwing a chamber pot at the prison's warden and thrown into solitary confinement on a bread-and-water diet for three days for refusing to take off his cap in front of the prison's doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-TMK107_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMK107-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For most of his time in prison Rossa was denied the right to correspond with his associates in the outside world because he violated prison rules.<sup id="cite_ref-TMK107_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMK107-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an <a href="/wiki/1869_Tipperary_by-election" title="1869 Tipperary by-election">1869 by-election</a>, he was returned to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">British House of Commons</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Tipperary_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tipperary (UK Parliament constituency)">Tipperary constituency</a>, in which he defeated the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> Catholic <a href="/wiki/Denis_Caulfield_Heron" title="Denis Caulfield Heron">Denis Caulfield Heron</a> by 1054 to 898 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The election was declared invalid because Rossa was an imprisoned felon.<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_in_the_United_States">Life in the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Life in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_exiles_-_The_%27Cuba%27_five.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Irish_exiles_-_The_%27Cuba%27_five.jpg/200px-Irish_exiles_-_The_%27Cuba%27_five.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Irish_exiles_-_The_%27Cuba%27_five.jpg/300px-Irish_exiles_-_The_%27Cuba%27_five.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Irish_exiles_-_The_%27Cuba%27_five.jpg/400px-Irish_exiles_-_The_%27Cuba%27_five.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Cuba Five – <a href="/wiki/John_Devoy" title="John Devoy">John Devoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Underwood_O%27Connell" title="Charles Underwood O'Connell">Charles O'Connell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mullady" title="Henry Mullady">Henry Mullady</a>, Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa and John McClure</figcaption></figure> <p>After giving an understanding that he would not return to Ireland, in effect his exile, Rossa was released as part of the Fenian Amnesty of 1870. Boarding the ship SS <i>Cuba</i>, he left for the United States with his friend <a href="/wiki/John_Devoy" title="John Devoy">John Devoy</a> and three other exiles. Together they were dubbed "<a href="/wiki/The_Cuba_Five" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cuba Five">The Cuba Five</a>". Rossa took up residence in New York City, where he joined <a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Clan na Gael</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood" title="Fenian Brotherhood">Fenian Brotherhood</a>. <span class="anchor" id="UnitedIrishman"></span>Rossa additionally established his own newspaper dedicated to the cause of Irish independence from British rule, <i>The United Irishman.</i><sup id="cite_ref-TMK107_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMK107-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In it Rossa advocated the use of <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">explosives</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">dynamite</a> as a means of overthrowing British rule in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-TMK107_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMK107-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His paper was used to raise a so-called "resources for civilisation fund," presumably for the purchase of dynamite and other armaments for the Irish struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynamite_campaign">Dynamite campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dynamite campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fenian_dynamite_campaign" title="Fenian dynamite campaign">Fenian dynamite campaign</a></div> <p>Rossa organised the first ever bombings by <a href="/wiki/Irish_republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish republican">Irish republicans</a> of English and Scottish cities as part of the <a href="/wiki/Fenian_dynamite_campaign" title="Fenian dynamite campaign">Fenian dynamite campaign</a> The campaign lasted through the 1880s and made him infamous in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a> demanded his extradition from America, but without success. Rossa later justified his revolutionary activities in the following manner; </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have myself been called a madman, because I was acting in a way that was not pleasing to England. The longer I live, the more I come to believe that Irishmen will have to go a little mad my way before they go the right way to get any freedom for Ireland.<br /><br />And why shouldn't an Irishman be mad; when he grows up face to face with the plunderers of his land and race, and sees them looking down upon him as if he were a mere thing of loathing and contempt! They strip him of all that belongs to him and made him a pauper and not only that, but they teach him to look upon the robbers as gentlemen, as beings entirely superior to him. They are called "the nobility," "the quality"; his people are called the "riffraff—the dregs of society."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa, <i>Rossa Recollections</i>, 1898</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failed_assassination_attempt">Failed assassination attempt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Failed assassination attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weekly_Freeman_attempted_assassination_of_O%E2%80%99Donovan_Rossa_1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Weekly_Freeman_attempted_assassination_of_O%E2%80%99Donovan_Rossa_1885.jpg/250px-Weekly_Freeman_attempted_assassination_of_O%E2%80%99Donovan_Rossa_1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Weekly_Freeman_attempted_assassination_of_O%E2%80%99Donovan_Rossa_1885.jpg/375px-Weekly_Freeman_attempted_assassination_of_O%E2%80%99Donovan_Rossa_1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Weekly_Freeman_attempted_assassination_of_O%E2%80%99Donovan_Rossa_1885.jpg/500px-Weekly_Freeman_attempted_assassination_of_O%E2%80%99Donovan_Rossa_1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>A drawn depiction of a 1885 assassination attempt by Lucille Yseult Dudley on Rossa.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 2 February 1885, Rossa was shot outside his office near <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> by an Englishwoman, Lucille Yseult Dudley.<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was admitted to the Chambers Street Hospital with gunshot wounds to the back. Even though they were not life-threatening, a ball was to remain embedded there for the rest of his life. "I've been wounded in the war" was Rossa's comment to a friend in the hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British government responded to the incident by stating that Dudley was mentally unstable and not acting on their behalf. Historians have argued that her motivation for the assassination attempt was anger at Rossa's role in the "skirmishing fund" which served as a fundraise for the dynamite campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_years">Final years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Final years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1891 Rossa's ban from the United Kingdom expired, and thereafter he undertook lecture tours of Britain and Ireland. While in Ireland in 1894, he allowed himself to be nominated for the office of <a href="/wiki/Dublin_City_Marshal" title="Dublin City Marshal">Dublin City Marshal</a> by supporters, but he was heavily defeated. In 1904 he was made a "Freeman of the City of Cork",<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1905 he was appointed to a clerkship in the office of the secretary to Cork county council.<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The role came with an annual salary of £150, badly needed by Rossa at that stage of his life. However, by September 1906 Rossa resigned from the job due to the deteriorating health of his wife. The pair opted instead to return to New York, where Rossa would become an inspector of street openings in Brooklyn. Rossa's own health became increasingly poor from 1910 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_funeral">Death and funeral</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death and funeral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:176px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_on_his_deathbed,_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_on_his_deathbed%2C_1915.jpg/139px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_on_his_deathbed%2C_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_on_his_deathbed%2C_1915.jpg/209px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_on_his_deathbed%2C_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_on_his_deathbed%2C_1915.jpg/278px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_on_his_deathbed%2C_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1565" data-file-height="1988" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">O'Donovan Rossa on his deathbed, June 1915</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:247px;max-width:247px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:176px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_funeral_August_1,_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_funeral_August_1%2C_1915.jpg/245px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_funeral_August_1%2C_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_funeral_August_1%2C_1915.jpg/368px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_funeral_August_1%2C_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_funeral_August_1%2C_1915.jpg/490px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_funeral_August_1%2C_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1437" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">His funeral procession on 1 August 1915</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Rossa was seriously ill in his later years; he suffered from <a href="/wiki/Senility" class="mw-redirect" title="Senility">senility</a> which caused him to relive his childhood and his years in prison. Rossa's final years saw him confined to a hospital bed in St. Vincent's Hospital, <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>, where he died at the age of 83.<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republican movement</a> in Ireland was quick to realise the propaganda value of the old Fenian's death, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Clarke_(Irish_republican)" title="Tom Clarke (Irish republican)">Tom Clarke</a> cabled to <a href="/wiki/John_Devoy" title="John Devoy">John Devoy</a> the message: "Send his body home at once". </p><p>Against Rossa's wishes to be buried with his father and other victims of the Great Famine,<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his body was returned to Ireland for burial and a hero's welcome.<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The funeral at <a href="/wiki/Glasnevin_Cemetery" title="Glasnevin Cemetery">Glasnevin Cemetery</a> on 1 August 1915 was a huge affair, garnering substantial publicity for the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Volunteers" title="Irish Volunteers">Irish Volunteers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a> at time when a rebellion (later to emerge as the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a>) was being actively planned.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ireland_unfree_shall_never_be_at_peace" title="Ireland unfree shall never be at peace">graveside oration</a>, given by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pearse" title="Patrick Pearse">Patrick Pearse</a>, remains one of the most famous speeches of the Irish independence movement stirring his audience to a call to arms.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ended with the lines: </p> <blockquote><p><i>They think that they have pacified Ireland. They think that they have purchased half of us and intimidated the other half. They think that they have foreseen everything, think that they have provided against everything; but, the fools, the fools, the fools! – They have left us our Fenian dead, and while Ireland holds these graves, Ireland unfree shall never be at peace.</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">His grave was renovated in 1990 by the <a href="/wiki/National_Graves_Association" title="National Graves Association">National Graves Association</a>.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rossa was married three times and had eighteen children. On 6 June 1853, he married Honora "Nora" Eager of Skibbereen, who had four sons (Denis, John, Cornelius Crom and Jeremiah).<sup id="cite_ref-O'Callaghan_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Callaghan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died in 1860. In 1861 he married Ellen Buckley (Eileán Ní Bhuachalla) of <a href="/wiki/Castlehaven" title="Castlehaven">Castlehaven</a>; they had one son (Florence Stephens; later known as Timothy in the US); Buckley died in July 1863. In November 1864 he married, for the third time, to <a href="/wiki/Mary_O%27Donovan_Rossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary O'Donovan Rossa">Mary Jane (Molly) Irwin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Clonakilty" title="Clonakilty">Clonakilty</a>. They had thirteen children (James Maxwell, Kate Ellen, Francis Daniel, Maurice, Sheila Mary, Eileen Ellen, Amelia, Jeremiah, Isabella, Mary Jane, Margaret Mary Hamilton, Joseph Ivor and Alexander Aeneas). </p><p>The descendants of Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa made their homes in Staten Island; they include writer <a href="/wiki/William_Rossa_Cole" title="William Rossa Cole">William Rossa Cole</a><sup id="cite_ref-heaney_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heaney-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Councillor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerome_X._O%27Donovan" title="Jerome X. O'Donovan">Jerome X. O'Donovan</a>. O'Dovonan Rossa's great-great-grandson is <a href="/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_union_team" class="mw-redirect" title="United States national rugby union team">US international rugby union</a> player <a href="/wiki/John_Quill" title="John Quill">John Quill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:108px;max-width:108px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:O%27Donovan_Rossa,_St_Stephen%27s_Green_Dublin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_St_Stephen%27s_Green_Dublin.jpg/106px-O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_St_Stephen%27s_Green_Dublin.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_St_Stephen%27s_Green_Dublin.jpg/159px-O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_St_Stephen%27s_Green_Dublin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_St_Stephen%27s_Green_Dublin.jpg/212px-O%27Donovan_Rossa%2C_St_Stephen%27s_Green_Dublin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Monument to Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa, in Dublin's St Stephen's Green</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_gravestone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_gravestone.jpg/135px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_gravestone.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_gravestone.jpg/203px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_gravestone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_gravestone.jpg/270px-Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa_gravestone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3232" data-file-height="3408" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Gravestone in Glasnevin Cemetery</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:191px;max-width:191px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:O%27Donovan_Rossa_renovated_1990.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/O%27Donovan_Rossa_renovated_1990.JPG/189px-O%27Donovan_Rossa_renovated_1990.JPG" decoding="async" width="189" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/O%27Donovan_Rossa_renovated_1990.JPG/284px-O%27Donovan_Rossa_renovated_1990.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/O%27Donovan_Rossa_renovated_1990.JPG/378px-O%27Donovan_Rossa_renovated_1990.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">O'Donovan Rossa renovated 1990</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Following Rossa's death, political rival <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Daniel_Sullivan" title="Timothy Daniel Sullivan">Timothy Daniel Sullivan</a> commentated that "No more determined or consistent enemy to British rule ever breathed the air of Ireland",<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Patrick Pearse opined that Rossa was "the most typical" of Fenian leaders because he characterised their courage and endurance while resisting British suppression.<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A memorial to Rossa stands in <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Stephen's Green">St. Stephen's Green</a>, and a bridge over the <a href="/wiki/River_Liffey" title="River Liffey">River Liffey</a> was renamed in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A street in Cork City bears his name,<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as does a street in <a href="/wiki/Thurles" title="Thurles">Thurles</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">County Tipperary</a> – the constituency where he was elected. A park in <a href="/wiki/Skibbereen" title="Skibbereen">Skibbereen</a> is also named after him as is the local Gaelic football team.<sup id="cite_ref-DIB_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A memorial to Rossa stands in the village of Reenascreena, Rosscarbery County Cork where his descendants run the local village pub. The funeral casket that was used to ship him home is now on display next to the pub. </p><p>Other <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Athletic_Association" title="Gaelic Athletic Association">GAA</a> teams throughout Ireland have also been named after him including Ard Bó Uí Dhonnabhain Rossa in the <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_GAA" title="Tyrone GAA">Tyrone GAA</a>, O'Donovan Rossa GAC in Belfast, Ó Donnabháin Rosa <a href="/wiki/Magherafelt" title="Magherafelt">Magherafelt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Derry_GAA" title="Derry GAA">Derry GAA</a> and Uí Donnabháin Rosa Mullach Breac in <a href="/wiki/Armagh_GAA" title="Armagh GAA">Armagh GAA</a> along with Ó Donnabháin Rosa est. in 2018 in Astoria, Queens, New York. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Araby_(short_story)" title="Araby (short story)">Araby</a>," written between 1905 and 1907, the narrator is walking across Dublin, when he hears "the nasal chanting of street-singers, who sang a come-all-you about O'Donovan Rossa". </p><p>Rossa appears as a character in <a href="/wiki/Harry_Harrison_(writer)" title="Harry Harrison (writer)">Harry Harrison's</a> <a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">alternate history</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_trilogy" title="Stars and Stripes trilogy">Stars and Stripes trilogy</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>O'Donovan Rossa's Prison Life : Six Years in Six English Prisons</i> (1874: New York)</li> <li><i>Rossa's Recollections. 1838 to 1898.</i> (1898: New York).</li> <li><i>Irish Rebels in English Prisons : A Record of Prison Life</i> (1899: New York)</li></ul> <p><b>Republications</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Rossa's Recollections 1838 to 1898: Memoirs of an Irish Revolutionary</i> (Globe Pequot, 2004)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>McWilliams, Patrick, <i>O'Donovan Rossa: An Irish Revolutionary in America</i>. Catalonia. Nuascéalta (2016). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1530992188" title="Special:BookSources/978-1530992188">978-1530992188</a>.</li> <li>Kenna, Shane, Unrepentant Fenian: Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa. Dublin (2015).</li> <li>Whelehan, Niall, <i>The Dynamiters: Political Violence and Irish Nationalism in the Wider World 1867–1900</i>. Cambridge (2012).</li> <li>Ó Lúing, Seán, <i>Ó Donnabháin Rosa</i> two Vols. Dublin (1969).</li> <li>Malins, Edward, 'Yeats and the Easter Rising', in L Miller (ed.), <i>Yeats Centenary Papers</i>. Dublin (1965).</li> <li>Le Roux, Louis, <i>Patrick H. Pearse</i> (tr. Desmond Ryan). Dublin (1932).</li> <li>Papers relating to O'Donovan Rossa and the Fenians are housed in the Archives of The Catholic University of America, American Catholic History Research Center and University Archives, Washington, D.C.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_postage_stamps_of_Ireland" title="List of people on the postage stamps of Ireland">List of people on the postage stamps of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Donovan_family" title="O'Donovan family">O'Donovan family</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peig.ie/o-donnabhain-rosa-a-cheiliuradh/?lang=en">"Ó Donnabháin Rosa á cheiliúradh"</a>. Peig.ie. 12 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%C3%93+Donnabh%C3%A1in+Rosa+%C3%A1+cheili%C3%BAradh&rft.date=2015-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeig.ie%2Fo-donnabhain-rosa-a-cheiliuradh%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Callaghan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Callaghan_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Callaghan_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Con O'Callaghan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080321085439/http://www.reenascreena.com/reenascreena-features/the-story-of-odonovan-rossa.html">The Story of O'Donovan Rossa</a>, Reenascreena Community Online (dead link archived at archive.org, 29 September 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://churchrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/details/0d87c80258328">"Roscarberry parish baptismal records"</a>. <i>IrishGenealogy.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IrishGenealogy.ie&rft.atitle=Roscarberry+parish+baptismal+records&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchurchrecords.irishgenealogy.ie%2Fchurchrecords%2Fdetails%2F0d87c80258328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boy_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoylan1998" class="citation book cs1">Boylan, Henry (1998). <i>A Dictionary of Irish Biography, 3rd Edition</i>. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-2945-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7171-2945-4"><bdi>0-7171-2945-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography%2C+3rd+Edition&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Gill+and+MacMillan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7171-2945-4&rft.aulast=Boylan&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rossa's Recollections, pp. 339 ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diarmuid Ó Murchadha, <i>Family Names of County Cork</i>. Cork: The Collins Press. 2nd edition, 1996. pp. 128–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mac_Thomáis-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mac_Thomáis_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mac_Thomáis_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shane Mac Thomáis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anphoblacht.com/news/detail/10657">"Remembering the Past: Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa"</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/An_Phoblacht/Republican_News" class="mw-redirect" title="An Phoblacht/Republican News">An Phoblacht/Republican News</a></i>, 4 August 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080618010428/http://www.anphoblacht.com/news/detail/10657">Archived</a> 18 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DIB-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DIB_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaume2009" class="citation web cs1">Maume, Patrick (October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/odonovan-rossa-jeremiah-a6719">"O'Donovan Rossa, Jeremiah"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Irish_Biography" title="Dictionary of Irish Biography">Dictionary of Irish Biography</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography&rft.atitle=O%27Donovan+Rossa%2C+Jeremiah&rft.date=2009-10&rft.aulast=Maume&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dib.ie%2Fbiography%2Fodonovan-rossa-jeremiah-a6719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell" class="citation web cs1">Campbell, Dr. Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://danton.us/loyalty-and-disloyalty-the-fenian-treason-trials-1865-1867/">"Loyalty and Disloyalty: The Fenian treason trials, 1865-1867"</a>. <i>danton.us</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190823231710/http://danton.us/loyalty-and-disloyalty-the-fenian-treason-trials-1865-1867/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=danton.us&rft.atitle=Loyalty+and+Disloyalty%3A+The+Fenian+treason+trials%2C+1865-1867&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdanton.us%2Floyalty-and-disloyalty-the-fenian-treason-trials-1865-1867%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/home-rule/anna-fanny-parnell/">"Anna & Fanny Parnell"</a>. <i>History Ireland</i>. 5 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921194755/https://www.historyireland.com/home-rule/anna-fanny-parnell/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=Anna+%26+Fanny+Parnell&rft.date=2013-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2Fhome-rule%2Fanna-fanny-parnell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostal1999" class="citation journal cs1">Kostal, R.W. (1999). "Rebels in the Dock: The Prosecution of the Dublin Fenians, 1865–6". <i>Irish-American Cultural Institute</i>. <b>34</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish-American+Cultural+Institute&rft.atitle=Rebels+in+the+Dock%3A+The+Prosecution+of+the+Dublin+Fenians%2C+1865%E2%80%936&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Kostal&rft.aufirst=R.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TMK107-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TMK107_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TMK107_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TMK107_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TMK107_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Messer-Kruse" title="Timothy Messer-Kruse">Timothy Messer-Kruse</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Haymarket_Conspiracy:_Transatlantic_Anarchist_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Haymarket Conspiracy: Transatlantic Anarchist Networks">The Haymarket Conspiracy: Transatlantic Anarchist Networks</a>.</i> Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2012; pg. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Martin_Sullivan_(Irish_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Martin Sullivan (Irish politician)">A. M. Sullivan</a>, <i>New Ireland</i>, London, n.d. [c. 1877], pp. 329–330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Messer-Kruse, <i>The Haymarket Conspiracy</i>, pg. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McWilliams, P., <i>O'Donovan Rossa: An Irish Revolutionary in America,</i> p. 142.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nuascealta.com/item.php?item=173">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223130854/http://www.nuascealta.com/item.php?item=173">Archived</a> 23 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ETLzDQAAQBAJ"><i>Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa: Unrepentant Fenian</i></a>. Merrion Press. 27 July 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78537-017-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78537-017-5"><bdi>978-1-78537-017-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa%3A+Unrepentant+Fenian&rft.pub=Merrion+Press&rft.date=2015-07-27&rft.isbn=978-1-78537-017-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DETLzDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bureau of Military History WS 497, cited by Townshend, p.115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C Townshend, "Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion", (London 2006), p.114-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Townshend, p.116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heaney-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-heaney_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeaney2001" class="citation journal cs1">Heaney, Seamus (October–November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklynrail.org/2001/10/poetry/in-memory-of-bill-cole">"In Memory of Bill Cole"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Brooklyn_Rail" title="The Brooklyn Rail">The Brooklyn Rail</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202160150/http://www.brooklynrail.org/2001/10/poetry/in-memory-of-bill-cole">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brooklyn+Rail&rft.atitle=In+Memory+of+Bill+Cole&rft.date=2001-10%2F2001-11&rft.aulast=Heaney&rft.aufirst=Seamus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynrail.org%2F2001%2F10%2Fpoetry%2Fin-memory-of-bill-cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cry104fm.com/archives/8628">"Youghal man Quill part of the 'Irish mafia' helping US rugby to new heights"</a>. <i>CRY104FM Community Radio Youghal</i>. 7 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CRY104FM+Community+Radio+Youghal&rft.atitle=Youghal+man+Quill+part+of+the+%27Irish+mafia%27+helping+US+rugby+to+new+heights&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cry104fm.com%2Farchives%2F8628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeremiah+O%27Donovan+Rossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_White" title="Charles William White">Charles William White</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Moore_(Irish_MP)" title="Charles Moore (Irish MP)">Charles Moore</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Tipperary_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tipperary (UK Parliament constituency)">Tipperary</a> </b><br />1869–1870 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_White" title="Charles William White">Charles William White</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_White" title="Charles William White">Charles William White</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Denis_Caulfield_Heron" title="Denis Caulfield Heron">Denis Caulfield Heron</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#006633; color:#FFCC00;;background: #006633;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Template:Irish Republican Brotherhood"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFCC00">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Template talk:Irish Republican Brotherhood"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFCC00">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish Republican Brotherhood"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFCC00">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood"><span style="color: #FFCC00;">Irish Republican Brotherhood</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006633; color:#FFCC00;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland" title="Young Ireland">Young Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fenian" title="Fenian">Fenianism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Physical_force_Irish_republicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical force Irish republicanism">Physical force Irish republicanism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Irish Americans in the American Civil War">Irish in the American Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Martyrs" title="Manchester Martyrs">Manchester Martyrs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba_Five" title="Cuba Five">Cuba Five</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Departure_(Ireland)" title="New Departure (Ireland)">New Departure</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Race_Conventions" title="Irish Race Conventions">Irish Race Conventions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Obstructionism" title="Obstructionism">Obstructionism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Ram" title="Fenian Ram">Fenian Ram</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Irish Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunburst_flag_-_banner_variant.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sunburst_flag_-_banner_variant.png/120px-Sunburst_flag_-_banner_variant.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sunburst_flag_-_banner_variant.png/180px-Sunburst_flag_-_banner_variant.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sunburst_flag_-_banner_variant.png/240px-Sunburst_flag_-_banner_variant.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006633; color:#FFCC00;;width:1%">Actions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a> (<a href="/wiki/Clerkenwell_explosion" title="Clerkenwell explosion">Clerkenwell explosion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian raids</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalpa_rescue" title="Catalpa rescue">Catalpa rescue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Land_War" title="Land War">Land War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fenian_dynamite_campaign" title="Fenian dynamite campaign">Fenian dynamite campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Army_Mutiny" title="Irish Army Mutiny">Army Mutiny</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006633; color:#FFCC00;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Stephens_(Fenian)" title="James Stephens (Fenian)">James Stephens</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Kelly_(Irish_nationalist)" title="Thomas J. Kelly (Irish nationalist)">Thomas J. Kelly</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._F._X._O%27Brien" title="J. F. X. O'Brien">J. F. X. O'Brien</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kickham" title="Charles Kickham">Charles Kickham</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Connor_Power" title="John O'Connor Power">John O'Connor Power</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Leary_(Fenian)" title="John O'Leary (Fenian)">John O'Leary</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neal_O%27Boyle" title="Neal O'Boyle">Neal O'Boyle</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Mulholland_(Irish_republican)" title="John Mulholland (Irish republican)">John Mulholland</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Deakin" title="Seamus Deakin">Seamus Deakin</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denis_McCullough" title="Denis McCullough">Denis McCullough</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ashe" title="Thomas Ashe">Thomas Ashe</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_McGarry" title="Seán McGarry">Seán McGarry</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Boland" title="Harry Boland">Harry Boland</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moylett" title="Patrick Moylett">Patrick Moylett</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006633; color:#FFCC00;;width:1%">Prominent <br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006633; color:#FFCC00;;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Bourke" title="Thomas Francis Bourke">Thomas Francis Bourke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ricard_O%27Sullivan_Burke" title="Ricard O'Sullivan Burke">Ricard O'Sullivan Burke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_O%27Meagher_Condon" title="Edward O'Meagher Condon">Edward O'Meagher Condon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Daly_(Fenian)" title="John Daly (Fenian)">John Daly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Davitt" title="Michael Davitt">Michael Davitt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Deasy" title="Timothy Deasy">Timothy Deasy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Devoy" title="John Devoy">John Devoy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Doheny" title="Michael Doheny">Michael Doheny</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clarke_Luby" title="Thomas Clarke Luby">Thomas Clarke Luby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Mahony" title="John O'Mahony">John O'Mahony</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Nally" title="Pat Nally">Pat Nally</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_R._Roberts" title="William R. Roberts">William R. Roberts</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006633; color:#FFCC00;;width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amonn_Ceannt" title="Éamonn Ceannt">Éamonn Ceannt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clarke_(Irish_republican)" title="Tom Clarke (Irish republican)">Tom Clarke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulmer_Hobson" title="Bulmer Hobson">Bulmer Hobson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_Diarmada" title="Seán Mac Diarmada">Seán Mac Diarmada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_Lynch" title="Diarmuid Lynch">Diarmuid Lynch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pearse" title="Patrick Pearse">Patrick Pearse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Plunkett" title="Joseph Plunkett">Joseph Plunkett</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006633; color:#FFCC00;;width:1%">Informants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Miller_Beach" title="Thomas Miller Beach">Thomas Miller Beach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Plot" title="Jubilee Plot">Francis Frederick Millen</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006633; color:#FFCC00;;width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Clan na Gael</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan" title="Cumann na mBan">Cumann na mBan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmet_Monument_Association" title="Emmet Monument Association">Emmet Monument Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood" title="Fenian Brotherhood">Fenian Brotherhood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_%C3%89ireann" title="Fianna Éireann">Fianna Éireann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Irish_Freedom" title="Friends of Irish Freedom">Friends of Irish Freedom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1917%E2%80%9322)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Republican Army (1917–22)">Irish Republican Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Freedom" title="Irish Freedom">Irish Freedom (newspaper)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_People_(1863_newspaper)" title="The Irish People (1863 newspaper)">The Irish People (newspaper)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Irishmen_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United Irishmen of America">United Irishmen of America</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006633; color:#FFCC00;;width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Invincibles" title="Irish National Invincibles">Irish National Invincibles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix Park killings">Phoenix Park killings</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1785569#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1785569#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1785569#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000119607249">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/10218807">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/104702/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkXBQXgWByvqxkJVVMdcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1011663864">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82217815">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810639106805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14365717">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="O'Donovan Rossa, Jeremiah"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.006719.v1">Ireland</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/195122208">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w68k7drn">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&oldid=1255594953">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_O%27Donovan_Rossa&oldid=1255594953</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1831_births" title="Category:1831 births">1831 births</a></li><li><a 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