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<li id="toc-Follicular_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Follicular_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Follicular phase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Follicular_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ovulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ovulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ovulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ovulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luteal_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luteal_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Luteal phase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luteal_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_presentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_presentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Clinical presentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_presentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ovulation_induction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ovulation_induction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ovulation induction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ovulation_induction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ovulation_suppression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ovulation_suppression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ovulation suppression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ovulation_suppression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fertility_and_timing_of_ovulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fertility_and_timing_of_ovulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fertility and timing of ovulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fertility_and_timing_of_ovulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ovulation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulasie" title="Ovulasie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ovulasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9" title="إباضة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إباضة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulyasiya" title="Ovulyasiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ovulyasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Авуляцыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Авуляцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Овулация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Овулация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulacija" title="Ovulacija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ovulacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulaci%C3%B3" title="Ovulació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ovulació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulace" title="Ovulace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ovulace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86gl%C3%B8sning" title="Ægløsning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ægløsning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follikelsprung" title="Follikelsprung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Follikelsprung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulatsioon" title="Ovulatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ovulatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BE%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ωορρηξία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ωορρηξία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulaci%C3%B3n" title="Ovulación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ovulación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovolado" title="Ovolado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ovolado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obulazio" title="Obulazio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Obulazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تخمک‌گذاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تخمک‌گذاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ovulation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulaci%C3%B3n" title="Ovulación – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ovulación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EB%9E%80" title="배란 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ձվազատում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձվազատում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="अण्डोत्सर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अण्डोत्सर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulacija" title="Ovulacija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ovulacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulasi" title="Ovulasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ovulasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulazione" title="Ovulazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ovulazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A5" title="ביוץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביוץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Овуляция – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Овуляция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovilasyon" title="Ovilasyon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ovilasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Овуляция – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Овуляция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovuliacija" title="Ovuliacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ovuliacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovul%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Ovuláció – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ovuláció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Овулација – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Овулација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="അണ്ഡോത്‌സർഗം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അണ്ഡോത്‌സർഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulatie" title="Ovulatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ovulatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%B5" title="排卵 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="排卵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggl%C3%B8sning" title="Eggløsning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eggløsning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilyaasa" title="Kilyaasa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kilyaasa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulyatsiya" title="Ovulyatsiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ovulyatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਓਵੂਲੇਸ਼ਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਓਵੂਲੇਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%87_%DA%AB%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تخمه ګزاري – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تخمه ګزاري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owulacja" title="Owulacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Owulacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovocita%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ovocitação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ovocitação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Овуляция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Овуляция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovul%C3%A1cia" title="Ovulácia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ovulácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulacija" title="Ovulacija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ovulacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھێلکەدانان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێلکەدانان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulacija" title="Ovulacija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ovulacija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Ovulation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Figure_28_00_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Figure_28_00_01.JPG/250px-Figure_28_00_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Figure_28_00_01.JPG/375px-Figure_28_00_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Figure_28_00_01.JPG/500px-Figure_28_00_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="973" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Following a surge of <a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone">luteinizing hormone</a> (LH), an <a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocyte</a> (immature egg cell) will be released into the <a href="/wiki/Uterine_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Uterine tube">uterine tube</a>, where it will then be available to be fertilized by a male's sperm within 12 hours. Ovulation marks the end of the <a href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">follicular phase</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovarian cycle">ovarian cycle</a>, and the start of the <a href="/wiki/Luteal_phase" title="Luteal phase">luteal phase</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D010060">D010060</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Embryologica" title="Terminologia Embryologica">TE</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/THE/TE2010V1.pdf#page=1?note=Linked_from_Ovulation_by_E1.0.0.0.0.0.7">E1.0.0.0.0.0.7 </a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187082" class="extiw" title="d:Q187082">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ovulation</b> is an important part of the <a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">menstrual cycle</a> in female <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Egg_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg cells">egg cells</a> are released from the <a href="/wiki/Ovaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovaries">ovaries</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovarian cycle">ovarian cycle</a>. In human females ovulation typically occurs near the midpoint in the menstrual cycle and after the <a href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">follicular phase</a>. Ovulation is stimulated by an increase in <a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone">luteinizing hormone</a> (LH). The <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_follicle" title="Ovarian follicle">ovarian follicles</a> rupture and release the secondary <a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocyte</a> ovarian cells.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After ovulation, during the <a href="/wiki/Luteal_phase" title="Luteal phase">luteal phase</a>, the egg will be available to be <a href="/wiki/Human_fertilization" title="Human fertilization">fertilized</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a>. If it is not, it will break down in less than a day. Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterine</a> lining (<a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">endometrium</a>) continues to thicken to be able to receive a <a href="/wiki/Fertilized_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilized egg">fertilized egg</a>. If no <a href="/wiki/Fertilisation" title="Fertilisation">conception</a> occurs, the uterine lining will eventually break down and be shed from the body via the <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a> during <a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">menstruation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some women choose to track ovulation in order to improve or aid becoming pregnant by timing intercourse with the women's ovulation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The signs of ovulation may include <a href="/wiki/Cervix" title="Cervix">cervical mucus</a> changes, mild <a href="/wiki/Cramp" title="Cramp">cramping</a> in the abdominal area, and a small rise in <a href="/wiki/Basal_body_temperature" title="Basal body temperature">basal body temperature</a>. Medication is also sometimes required by couples who are experiencing infertility stimulate or induce ovulation in the women.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menstrual_cycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Menstrual_cycle.svg/350px-Menstrual_cycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Menstrual_cycle.svg/525px-Menstrual_cycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Menstrual_cycle.svg/700px-Menstrual_cycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Ovulation occurs about midway through the <a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">menstrual cycle</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">follicular phase</a>, and is followed by the <a href="/wiki/Luteal_phase" title="Luteal phase">luteal phase</a>. Note that ovulation is characterized by a sharp spike in levels of <a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone">luteinizing hormone</a> (LH) and <a href="/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone" title="Follicle-stimulating hormone">follicle-stimulating hormone</a> (FSH), resulting from the peak of <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogen</a> levels during the follicular phase.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ovulation occurs about midway through the <a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">menstrual cycle</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">follicular phase</a>. The days in which a woman is most fertile can be calculated based on the date of the last menstrual period and the length of a typical menstrual cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The few days surrounding ovulation (from approximately days 10 to 18 of a 28-day cycle), constitute the most fertile phase.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The time from the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Last_menstrual_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last menstrual period">last menstrual period</a> (LMP) until ovulation is, on average, 14.6 days, but with substantial variation among females and between cycles in any single female, with an overall 95% <a href="/wiki/Prediction_interval" title="Prediction interval">prediction interval</a> of 8.2 to 20.5 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Geirsson2003_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geirsson2003-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The process of ovulation is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a> of the brain and through the release of hormones secreted in the <a href="/wiki/Anterior_pituitary" title="Anterior pituitary">anterior lobe</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">pituitary gland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone">luteinizing hormone</a> (LH) and <a href="/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone" title="Follicle-stimulating hormone">follicle-stimulating hormone</a> (FSH).<sup id="cite_ref-Marieb_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marieb-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">preovulatory</a> phase of the <a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">menstrual cycle</a>, the ovarian follicle will undergo a series of transformations called cumulus expansion, which is stimulated by FSH. After this is done, a hole called the <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(anatomy)" title="Stigma (anatomy)">stigma</a> will form in the <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_follicle" title="Ovarian follicle">follicle</a>, and the secondary oocyte will leave the follicle through this hole. Ovulation is triggered by a spike in the amount of FSH and LH released from the pituitary gland. During the <a href="/wiki/Luteal_phase" title="Luteal phase">luteal (post-ovulatory) phase</a>, the secondary oocyte will travel through the <a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tubes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fallopian tubes">fallopian tubes</a> toward the <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a>. If <a href="/wiki/Fertilized" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilized">fertilized</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a>, the fertilized secondary oocyte or ovum may <a href="/wiki/Implantation_(human_embryo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Implantation (human embryo)">implant</a> there 6–12 days later.<sup id="cite_ref-wilcox_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilcox-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Follicular_phase">Follicular phase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Follicular phase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Folliculogenesis" title="Folliculogenesis">Folliculogenesis</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">follicular phase</a> (or proliferative phase) is the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_follicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovarian follicles">ovarian follicles</a> mature. The follicular phase lasts from the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">menstruation</a> to the start of ovulation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For ovulation to be successful, the ovum must be supported by the <a href="/wiki/Corona_radiata_(embryology)" title="Corona radiata (embryology)">corona radiata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cumulus_oophorus" title="Cumulus oophorus">cumulus oophorous</a> <a href="/wiki/Granulosa_cell" title="Granulosa cell">granulosa cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter undergo a period of proliferation and mucification known as cumulus expansion. Mucification is the secretion of a <a href="/wiki/Hyaluronic_acid" title="Hyaluronic acid">hyaluronic acid</a>-rich cocktail that disperses and gathers the cumulus cell network in a sticky matrix around the ovum. This network stays with the ovum after ovulation and has been shown to be necessary for fertilization.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ovulation">Ovulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ovulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogen</a> levels peak towards the end of the follicular phase, around 12 and 24 hours. This, by positive feedback, causes a surge in levels of <a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone">luteinizing hormone</a> (LH) and <a href="/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone" title="Follicle-stimulating hormone">follicle-stimulating hormone</a> (FSH). This lasts from 24 to 36 hours, and results in the rupture of the ovarian follicles, causing the oocyte to be released from the ovary.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through a signal transduction cascade initiated by LH, which activates the pro-inflammatory genes through cAMP secondary messenger, <a href="/wiki/Peptidase" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptidase">proteolytic enzymes</a> are secreted by the follicle that degrade the follicular tissue at the site of the blister, forming a hole called the <i>stigma</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Secondary_oocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary oocyte">secondary oocyte</a> leaves the ruptured follicle and moves out into the <a href="/wiki/Peritoneal_cavity" title="Peritoneal cavity">peritoneal cavity</a> through the stigma, where it is caught by the <a href="/wiki/Fimbria_(female_reproductive_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fimbria (female reproductive system)">fimbriae</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tube" title="Fallopian tube">fallopian tube</a>. After entering the fallopian tube, the oocyte is pushed along by <a href="/wiki/Cilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilia">cilia</a>, beginning its journey toward the <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marieb_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marieb-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By this time, the oocyte has completed <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis I</a>, yielding two cells: the larger <a href="/wiki/Ovum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovum">secondary oocyte</a> that contains all of the cytoplasmic material and a smaller, inactive first polar body. <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">Meiosis II</a> follows at once but will be arrested in the <a href="/wiki/Metaphase" title="Metaphase">metaphase</a> and will so remain until fertilization. The <a href="/wiki/Spindle_apparatus" title="Spindle apparatus">spindle apparatus</a> of the second meiotic division appears at the time of ovulation. If no fertilization occurs, the oocyte will degenerate between 12 and 24 hours after ovulation.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 1–2% of ovulations release more than one oocyte. This tendency increases with maternal age. Fertilization of two different oocytes by two different spermatozoa results in fraternal twins.<sup id="cite_ref-Marieb_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marieb-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The precise moment of ovulation was captured on film for the first time in 2008, coincidentally, during a routine hysterectomy procedure. According to the attending gynecologist, the ovum's emergence and subsequent release from the ovarian follicle occurred within a 15-minute timeframe. <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luteal_phase">Luteal phase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Luteal phase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Luteal_phase" title="Luteal phase">Luteal phase</a></div> <p>The follicle proper has met the end of its lifespan. Without the oocyte, the follicle folds inward on itself, transforming into the <a href="/wiki/Corpus_luteum" title="Corpus luteum">corpus luteum</a> (pl. corpora lutea), a steroidogenic cluster of cells that produces <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">progesterone</a>. These hormones induce the endometrial glands to begin production of the <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">proliferative endometrium</a> and later into <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">secretory endometrium</a>, the site of embryonic growth if implantation occurs. The action of progesterone increases <a href="/wiki/Basal_body_temperature" title="Basal body temperature">basal body temperature</a> by one-quarter to one-half degree Celsius (one-half to one degree Fahrenheit). The corpus luteum continues this <a href="/wiki/Paracrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracrine">paracrine</a> action for the remainder of the menstrual cycle, maintaining the endometrium, before disintegrating into scar tissue during menses.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_presentation">Clinical presentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clinical presentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Concealed_ovulation" title="Concealed ovulation">Concealed ovulation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fertility_awareness" title="Fertility awareness">Fertility awareness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mittelschmerz" title="Mittelschmerz">Mittelschmerz</a></div> <p>The start of ovulation may be detected by signs that are not readily discernible other than to the ovulating female herself, thus humans are said to have a <a href="/wiki/Concealed_ovulation" title="Concealed ovulation">concealed ovulation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many animal species there are distinctive signals indicating the period when the female is fertile. Several explanations have been proposed to explain concealed ovulation in humans. </p><p>Females near ovulation experience changes in the <a href="/wiki/Cervix#Cervical_mucus" title="Cervix">cervical mucus</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Basal_body_temperature" title="Basal body temperature">basal body temperature</a>. Furthermore, many females experience secondary fertility signs including <a href="/wiki/Mittelschmerz" title="Mittelschmerz">Mittelschmerz</a> (pain associated with ovulation) and a heightened sense of <a href="/wiki/Olfaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfaction">smell</a>, and can sense the precise moment of ovulation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12853171_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12853171-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, midcycle pain may also not be due to Mittelschmerz, but due to other factors such as cysts, endometriosis, sexually transmitted infections, or an ectopic pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other possible signs of ovulation include tender breasts, bloating, and cramps, although these symptoms are not a guarantee that ovulation is taking place.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many females experience heightened sexual desire in the several days immediately before ovulation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15216427_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15216427-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One study concluded that females subtly improve their facial attractiveness during ovulation.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pregnancy_chance_by_day_near_ovulation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pregnancy_chance_by_day_near_ovulation.jpg/220px-Pregnancy_chance_by_day_near_ovulation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pregnancy_chance_by_day_near_ovulation.jpg/330px-Pregnancy_chance_by_day_near_ovulation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pregnancy_chance_by_day_near_ovulation.jpg/440px-Pregnancy_chance_by_day_near_ovulation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2286" data-file-height="1943" /></a><figcaption>Chance of <a href="/wiki/Human_fertilization" title="Human fertilization">fertilization</a> by day relative to ovulation<sup id="cite_ref-DunsonBaird1999_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DunsonBaird1999-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Symptoms related to the onset of ovulation, the moment of ovulation and the body's process of beginning and ending the menstrual cycle vary in intensity with each female but are fundamentally the same. The charting of such symptoms — primarily basal body temperature, mittelschmerz and cervical position — is referred to as the sympto-thermal method of fertility awareness, which allow auto-diagnosis by a female of her state of ovulation. Once training has been given by a suitable authority, fertility charts can be completed on a cycle-by-cycle basis to show ovulation. This gives the possibility of using the data to predict fertility for natural contraception and pregnancy planning. </p><p>Urine levels of the <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormone</a> pregnanediol 3-glucuronide of over 5 μg/mL has been used to confirm ovulation. This test has a 100% specificity over 107 women.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disorders">Disorders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Disorders of ovulation, also known as <b>ovulatory disorders</b> are classified as <a href="/wiki/Menstrual_disorder" title="Menstrual disorder">menstrual disorders</a> and include oligoovulation (infrequent or irregular ovulation) and anovulation (absence of ovulation):<sup id="cite_ref-MUKHERJIGANGULYSEAL_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MUKHERJIGANGULYSEAL-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oligoovulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligoovulation">Oligoovulation</a> is infrequent or irregular ovulation (usually defined as cycles of greater than 36 days or fewer than 8 cycles a year)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anovulation" title="Anovulation">Anovulation</a> is absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected (in a post-<a href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">menarchal</a>, premenopausal female). Anovulation usually manifests itself as irregularity of menstrual periods, that is, unpredictable variability of intervals, duration, or bleeding. Anovulation can also cause cessation of periods (secondary amenorrhea) or excessive bleeding (<a href="/wiki/Dysfunctional_uterine_bleeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysfunctional uterine bleeding">dysfunctional uterine bleeding</a>).</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) has developed the following classification of ovulatory disorders:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>WHO group I: <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93gonadal_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis</a> failure</li> <li>WHO group II: Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis dysfunction. WHO group II is the most common cause of ovulatory disorders, and the most common causative member is <a href="/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome" title="Polycystic ovary syndrome">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>WHO group III: <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovarian failure">Ovarian failure</a></li> <li>WHO group IV: <a href="/wiki/Hyperprolactinemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperprolactinemia">Hyperprolactinemia</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_disorder" title="Menstrual disorder">Menstrual disorders</a> can often indicate ovulatory disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-Seli2011_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seli2011-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ovulation_induction">Ovulation induction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ovulation induction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ovulation_induction" title="Ovulation induction">Ovulation induction</a></div> <p>Ovulation induction is a promising <a href="/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology" title="Assisted reproductive technology">assisted reproductive technology</a> for patients with conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome" title="Polycystic ovary syndrome">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS) and <a href="/wiki/Oligomenorrhea" title="Oligomenorrhea">oligomenorrhea</a>. It is also used in <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="In vitro fertilization">in vitro fertilization</a> to make the follicles mature before <a href="/wiki/Egg_retrieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg retrieval">egg retrieval</a>. Usually, <a href="/wiki/Controlled_ovarian_hyperstimulation" title="Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation">ovarian stimulation</a> is used in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Ovulation_induction" title="Ovulation induction">ovulation induction</a> to stimulate the formation of multiple oocytes.<sup id="cite_ref-ivf.com_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ivf.com-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources<sup id="cite_ref-ivf.com_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ivf.com-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> include ovulation induction in the definition of <i>ovarian stimulation</i>. </p><p>A low dose of <a href="/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropin" title="Human chorionic gonadotropin">human chorionic gonadotropin</a> (HCG) may be injected after completed ovarian stimulation. Ovulation will occur between 24 and 36 hours after the HCG injection.<sup id="cite_ref-ivf.com_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ivf.com-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By contrast, <a href="/wiki/Induced_ovulation_(animals)" title="Induced ovulation (animals)">induced ovulation</a> in some animal species occurs naturally, ovulation can be stimulated by coitus.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ovulation_suppression">Ovulation suppression</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ovulation suppression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Combined_hormonal_contraceptive" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined hormonal contraceptive">Combined hormonal contraceptives</a> inhibit <a href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">follicular development</a> and prevent ovulation as a primary mechanism of action.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_2011_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson_2011-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>ovulation-inhibiting dose</i> (OID) of an <a href="/wiki/Estrogen_(medication)" title="Estrogen (medication)">estrogen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Progestogen" title="Progestogen">progestogen</a> refers to the dose required to consistently inhibit ovulation in women.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22078182_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22078182-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovulation inhibition is an <a href="/wiki/Antigonadotropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigonadotropic">antigonadotropic</a> effect and is mediated by inhibition of the secretion of the <a href="/wiki/Gonadotropin" title="Gonadotropin">gonadotropins</a>, LH and FSH, from the pituitary gland. </p><p> In <a href="/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology" title="Assisted reproductive technology">assisted reproductive technology</a> including <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="In vitro fertilization">in vitro fertilization</a>, cycles where a <a href="/wiki/Transvaginal_oocyte_retrieval" title="Transvaginal oocyte retrieval">transvaginal oocyte retrieval</a> is planned generally necessitates ovulation suppression, because it is not practically feasible to collect oocytes after ovulation. For this purpose, ovulation can be suppressed by either a <a href="/wiki/GnRH_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="GnRH agonist">GnRH agonist</a> or a <a href="/wiki/GnRH_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="GnRH antagonist">GnRH antagonist</a>, with different protocols depending on which substance is used. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_spontaneous_ovulation_in_ovarian_hyperstimulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppression of spontaneous ovulation in ovarian hyperstimulation">Suppression of spontaneous ovulation in ovarian hyperstimulation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fertility_and_timing_of_ovulation">Fertility and timing of ovulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fertility and timing of ovulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most women who are able to conceive are fertile for an estimated five days before ovulation and one day after ovulation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is some evidence that for couples who have been trying to conceive a child for less than 12 months, and the female is under 40 years old, practicing timed intercourse (timing intercourse with ovulation using urine tests that predict ovulation) may help improve the rate of pregnancy and live births.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The role that stress plays in ovulation, fertility, and understanding the biological basis for stress-induced anovulation and the role of cortisol is not entirely clear.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anovulatory_cycle" title="Anovulatory cycle">Anovulatory cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_luteum" title="Corpus luteum">Corpus luteum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folliculogenesis" title="Folliculogenesis">Folliculogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">Menstrual cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelschmerz" title="Mittelschmerz">Mittelschmerz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilisation" title="Fertilisation">Fertilisation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoleshBassLord2024" class="citation cs2">Holesh, Julie E.; Bass, Autumn N.; Lord, Megan (2024), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441996/">"Physiology, Ovulation"</a>, <i>StatPearls</i>, Treasure 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"Health and fertility in World Health Organization group 2 anovulatory women". <i>Human Reproduction Update</i>. <b>18</b> (5): 586–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhumupd%2Fdms019">10.1093/humupd/dms019</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22611175">22611175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Reproduction+Update&rft.atitle=Health+and+fertility+in+World+Health+Organization+group+2+anovulatory+women&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=586-99&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhumupd%2Fdms019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22611175&rft.aulast=Baird&rft.aufirst=D.+T.&rft.au=Balen%2C+A.&rft.au=Escobar-Morreale%2C+H.+F.&rft.au=Evers%2C+J.+L.+H.&rft.au=Fauser%2C+B.+C.+J.+M.&rft.au=Franks%2C+S.&rft.au=Glasier%2C+A.&rft.au=Homburg%2C+R.&rft.au=La+Vecchia%2C+C.&rft.au=Devroey%2C+P.&rft.au=Diedrich%2C+K.&rft.au=Fraser%2C+L.&rft.au=Gianaroli%2C+L.&rft.au=Liebaers%2C+I.&rft.au=Sunde%2C+A.&rft.au=Tapanainen%2C+J.+S.&rft.au=Tarlatzis%2C+B.&rft.au=Van+Steirteghem%2C+A.&rft.au=Veiga%2C+A.&rft.au=Crosignani%2C+P.+G.&rft.au=Evers%2C+J.+L.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seli2011-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seli2011_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmre_Seli2011" class="citation book cs1">Emre Seli, ed. (2 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=avCA9eCuAc8C&pg=PT35"><i>Infertility</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9394-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-9394-1"><bdi>978-1-4443-9394-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1083163793">1083163793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infertility&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011-02-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1083163793&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-9394-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DavCA9eCuAc8C%26pg%3DPT35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ivf.com-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ivf.com_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ivf.com_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ivf.com_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ivf.com/ovind.html">IVF.com > Ovulation Induction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226141802/http://www.ivf.com/ovind.html">Archived</a> 2012-02-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on Mars 7, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakkerBaum2000" class="citation journal cs1">Bakker J, Baum MJ (July 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/91368">"Neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH release in induced ovulators"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology</i>. <b>21</b> (3): 220–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Ffrne.2000.0198">10.1006/frne.2000.0198</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2268%2F91368">2268/91368</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10882541">10882541</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:873489">873489</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Neuroendocrinology&rft.atitle=Neuroendocrine+regulation+of+GnRH+release+in+induced+ovulators&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=220-62&rft.date=2000-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2268%2F91368&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A873489%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10882541&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Ffrne.2000.0198&rft.aulast=Bakker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Baum%2C+MJ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forbi.ulg.ac.be%2Fhandle%2F2268%2F91368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nelson_2011-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_2011_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelsonCwiak2011" class="citation book cs1">Nelson AL, Cwiak C (2011). "Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)". In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar MS (eds.). <i>Contraceptive technology</i> (20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 249–341. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59708-004-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59708-004-0"><bdi>978-1-59708-004-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0091-9721">0091-9721</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/781956734">781956734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Combined+oral+contraceptives+%28COCs%29&rft.btitle=Contraceptive+technology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=249-341&rft.edition=20th+revised&rft.pub=Ardent+Media&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F781956734&rft.issn=0091-9721&rft.isbn=978-1-59708-004-0&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Anita+L.&rft.au=Cwiak%2C+Carrie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span> pp. 257–258</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid22078182-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid22078182_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEndrikatGerlingerRichardRosenbaum2011" class="citation journal cs1">Endrikat J, Gerlinger C, Richard S, Rosenbaum P, Düsterberg B (December 2011). "Ovulation inhibition doses of progestins: a systematic review of the available literature and of marketed preparations worldwide". <i>Contraception</i>. <b>84</b> (6): 549–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.contraception.2011.04.009">10.1016/j.contraception.2011.04.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22078182">22078182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contraception&rft.atitle=Ovulation+inhibition+doses+of+progestins%3A+a+systematic+review+of+the+available+literature+and+of+marketed+preparations+worldwide&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=549-57&rft.date=2011-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.contraception.2011.04.009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22078182&rft.aulast=Endrikat&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Gerlinger%2C+C&rft.au=Richard%2C+S&rft.au=Rosenbaum%2C+P&rft.au=D%C3%BCsterberg%2C+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbonsReaveyGeorgiouBecker2023" class="citation journal cs1">Gibbons, Tatjana; Reavey, Jane; Georgiou, Ektoras X; Becker, Christian M (2023-09-15). Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501857">"Timed intercourse for couples trying to conceive"</a>. <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>2023</b> (9): CD011345. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD011345.pub3">10.1002/14651858.CD011345.pub3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501857">10501857</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37709293">37709293</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Timed+intercourse+for+couples+trying+to+conceive&rft.volume=2023&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=CD011345&rft.date=2023-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10501857%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37709293&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD011345.pub3&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Tatjana&rft.au=Reavey%2C+Jane&rft.au=Georgiou%2C+Ektoras+X&rft.au=Becker%2C+Christian+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10501857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarunyamAbdul_KarimNaina_MohamedUgusman2023" class="citation journal cs1">Karunyam, Bheena Vyshali; Abdul Karim, Abdul Kadir; Naina Mohamed, Isa; Ugusman, Azizah; Mohamed, Wael M. Y.; Faizal, Ahmad Mohd; Abu, Muhammad Azrai; Kumar, Jaya (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10344356">"Infertility and cortisol: a systematic review"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Endocrinology</i>. <b>14</b>: 1147306. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffendo.2023.1147306">10.3389/fendo.2023.1147306</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1664-2392">1664-2392</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10344356">10344356</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37455908">37455908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Endocrinology&rft.atitle=Infertility+and+cortisol%3A+a+systematic+review&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=1147306&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10344356%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1664-2392&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37455908&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffendo.2023.1147306&rft.aulast=Karunyam&rft.aufirst=Bheena+Vyshali&rft.au=Abdul+Karim%2C+Abdul+Kadir&rft.au=Naina+Mohamed%2C+Isa&rft.au=Ugusman%2C+Azizah&rft.au=Mohamed%2C+Wael+M.+Y.&rft.au=Faizal%2C+Ahmad+Mohd&rft.au=Abu%2C+Muhammad+Azrai&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Jaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10344356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaerwaldAdamsPierson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Baerwald AR, Adams GP, Pierson RA (July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(03)00544-2/abstract">"A new model for ovarian follicular development during the human menstrual cycle"</a>. <i>Fertility and Sterility</i>. <b>80</b> (1): 116–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0015-0282%2803%2900544-2">10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00544-2</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12849812">12849812</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fertility+and+Sterility&rft.atitle=A+new+model+for+ovarian+follicular+development+during+the+human+menstrual+cycle&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=116-22&rft.date=2003-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0015-0282%2803%2900544-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12849812&rft.aulast=Baerwald&rft.aufirst=AR&rft.au=Adams%2C+GP&rft.au=Pierson%2C+RA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fertstert.org%2Farticle%2FS0015-0282%2803%2900544-2%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChabbert_BuffetDjakoureMaitreBouchard1998" class="citation journal cs1">Chabbert Buffet 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"Mechanism of ovulation--an overview". <i>Indian Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>30</b> (11): 958–67. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1293040">1293040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+ovulation--an+overview&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=958-67&rft.date=1992-11&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1293040&rft.aulast=Guraya&rft.aufirst=SS&rft.au=Dhanju%2C+CK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlowden2009" class="citation book cs1">Klowden MJ (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&pg=PA745">"Oviposition Behavior"</a>. In Resh VH, Carde RT (eds.). <i>Encyclopedia of Insects</i>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780080920900" title="Special:BookSources/9780080920900"><bdi>9780080920900</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oviposition+Behavior&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Insects&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780080920900&rft.aulast=Klowden&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJk0Hym1yF0cC%26pg%3DPA745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuYiWeiChang2017" class="citation journal cs1">Su HW, Yi YC, Wei TY, Chang TC, Cheng CM (September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5689497">"Detection of ovulation, a review of currently available methods"</a>. <i>Bioengineering & Translational Medicine</i>. <b>2</b> (3): 238–246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fbtm2.10058">10.1002/btm2.10058</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5689497">5689497</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29313033">29313033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioengineering+%26+Translational+Medicine&rft.atitle=Detection+of+ovulation%2C+a+review+of+currently+available+methods&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=238-246&rft.date=2017-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5689497%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29313033&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fbtm2.10058&rft.aulast=Su&rft.aufirst=HW&rft.au=Yi%2C+YC&rft.au=Wei%2C+TY&rft.au=Chang%2C+TC&rft.au=Cheng%2C+CM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5689497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvulation" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovulation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19826604-200-human-egg-makes-accidental-debut-on-camera/">Human egg makes accidental debut on camera</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7447942.stm">Ovulation moment caught on camera</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ovulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteal_phase" title="Luteal phase">Luteal phase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gametogenesis" title="Gametogenesis">Gametogenesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">Spermatogenesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatogonium" title="Spermatogonium">spermatogonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatocyte" title="Spermatocyte">spermatocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatid" title="Spermatid">spermatid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oogonium" title="Oogonium">oogonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immature_ovum" title="Immature ovum">ootid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">ovum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_cell" title="Germ cell">Germ cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonocyte" title="Gonocyte">gonocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">gamete</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Human sexual activity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li>Erection <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">Clitoral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a></li> <li>Ejaculation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_fertilization" title="Human fertilization">Fertilization</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">Fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implantation_(embryology)" title="Implantation (embryology)">Implantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpartum_period" title="Postpartum period">Postpartum period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_reproductive_system" title="Development of the reproductive system">Development of the<br /> reproductive system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation_in_humans" title="Sexual differentiation in humans">Sexual differentiation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminization_(biology)" title="Feminization (biology)">Feminization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virilization" title="Virilization">Virilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">Puberty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonadarche" title="Gonadarche">Gonadarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanner_scale" title="Tanner scale">Tanner scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubarche" title="Pubarche">Pubarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">Menarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermarche" title="Spermarche">Spermarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenarche" title="Adrenarche">Adrenarche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_maternal_age" title="Advanced maternal age">Maternal age</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paternal_age_effect" title="Paternal age effect">Paternal age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Menopause</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">Egg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">Ovum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viviparity" title="Viviparity">Vivipary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_endocrinology_and_infertility" title="Reproductive endocrinology and infertility">Reproductive endocrinology<br />and infertility</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93gonadal_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93prolactin_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">Hormone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thelarche" title="Thelarche">Thelarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_development" title="Breast development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactation" title="Lactation">Lactation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">Breastfeeding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_reproductive_system" title="Human reproductive system">Human reproductive system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Male_reproductive_system" title="Male reproductive system">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_reproductive_system" title="Female reproductive system">Female</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diseases and disorders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anorgasmia" title="Anorgasmia">Anorgasmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysorgasmia" title="Dysorgasmia">Dysorgasmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyspareunia" title="Dyspareunia">Dyspareunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_flaccid_syndrome" title="Hard flaccid syndrome">Hard flaccid syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premature_ejaculation" title="Premature ejaculation">Premature ejaculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginismus" title="Vaginismus">Vaginismus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Menstrual_cycle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Menstrual_cycle" title="Template:Menstrual cycle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Menstrual_cycle" title="Template talk:Menstrual cycle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Menstrual_cycle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Menstrual cycle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Menstrual_cycle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">Menstrual cycle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">Menstruation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">Follicular phase</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ovulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteal_phase" title="Luteal phase">Luteal phase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life stages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">Menarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Menopause</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tracking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Signs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basal_body_temperature" title="Basal body temperature">Basal body temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervix#Cervical_mucus" title="Cervix">Cervical mucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittelschmerz" title="Mittelschmerz">Mittelschmerz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_awareness" title="Fertility awareness">Fertility awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar-based_contraceptive_methods" title="Calendar-based contraceptive methods">Calendar-based methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billings_ovulation_method" title="Billings ovulation method">Billings Ovulation Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creighton_Model_FertilityCare_System" title="Creighton Model FertilityCare System">Creighton Model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_suppression" title="Menstrual suppression">Suppression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_cycle_combined_hormonal_contraceptive" title="Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive">Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactational_amenorrhea" title="Lactational amenorrhea">Lactational amenorrhea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_disorder" title="Menstrual disorder">Disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenorrhea" title="Amenorrhea">Amenorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anovulation" title="Anovulation">Anovulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptomenorrhea" title="Cryptomenorrhea">Cryptomenorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysmenorrhea" title="Dysmenorrhea">Dysmenorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypomenorrhea" title="Hypomenorrhea">Hypomenorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_menstruation" title="Irregular menstruation">Irregular menstruation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menometrorrhagia" title="Menometrorrhagia">Menometrorrhagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorrhagia" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorrhagia">Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropathia_haemorrhagica" title="Metropathia haemorrhagica">Metropathia haemorrhagica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrorrhagia" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrorrhagia">Metrorrhagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligoamenorrhea" title="Oligoamenorrhea">Oligoamenorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligomenorrhea" title="Oligomenorrhea">Oligomenorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligoovulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligoovulation">Oligoovulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymenorrhagia" title="Polymenorrhagia">Polymenorrhagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymenorrhea" title="Polymenorrhea">Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folliculogenesis" title="Folliculogenesis">Folliculogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_synchrony" title="Menstrual synchrony">Menstrual synchrony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premenstrual_water_retention" title="Premenstrual water retention">Premenstrual water retention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_activity_during_menstruation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual activity during menstruation">Sexual activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Menstruation_and_mental_health" title="Menstruation and mental health">Mental health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome" title="Premenstrual syndrome">Premenstrual syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder" title="Premenstrual dysphoric disorder">Premenstrual dysphoric disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_psychosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Menstrual psychosis">Menstrual psychosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hygiene</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_hygiene_management" title="Menstrual hygiene management">Menstrual hygiene management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminine_hygiene" title="Feminine hygiene">Feminine hygiene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_pad" title="Menstrual pad">Menstrual pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloth_menstrual_pad" title="Cloth menstrual pad">Cloth menstrual pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampon" title="Tampon">Tampon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cup" title="Menstrual cup">Menstrual cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_pad" title="Menstrual pad">Menstrual pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_underwear" title="Period underwear">Period underwear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_Hygiene_Day" title="Menstrual Hygiene Day">Menstrual Hygiene Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_and_menstruation" title="Culture and menstruation">In culture and religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhaupadi" title="Chhaupadi">Chhaupadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstruation_in_Islam" title="Menstruation in Islam">In Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_leave" title="Menstrual leave">Menstrual leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_stigma" title="Menstrual stigma">Menstrual stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_suppression" title="Menstrual suppression">Menstrual suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_taboo" class="mw-redirect" title="Menstrual taboo">Menstrual taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstruation_celebration" title="Menstruation celebration">Menstruation celebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstruation_hut" title="Menstruation hut">Menstruation hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_poverty" title="Period poverty">Period poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_menstruation" title="Sustainable menstruation">Sustainable menstruation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampon_tax" title="Tampon tax">Tampon tax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eggs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eggs" title="Template:Eggs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eggs" title="Template talk:Eggs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eggs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eggs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eggs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">Eggs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_egg_topics" title="List of egg topics">List of egg topics</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_egg" title="Bird egg">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg#Fish_and_amphibian_eggs" title="Egg">Fish and amphibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotreme" title="Monotreme">Monotreme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egg_fossil" title="Egg fossil">Fossil record</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cephalopod_egg_fossil" title="Cephalopod egg fossil">Cephalopod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_egg_fossil" title="Fish egg fossil">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptile_egg_fossil" title="Reptile egg fossil">Reptile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_egg" title="Dinosaur egg">dinosaur</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_paleopathology" title="Egg paleopathology">Pathology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_allergy" title="Egg allergy">Allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">Egg cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">Embryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyoplankton" title="Ichthyoplankton">Ichthyoplankton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogamy" title="Oogamy">Oogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ootheca" title="Ootheca">Ootheca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">Ovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviduct" title="Oviduct">Oviduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviparity" title="Oviparity">Oviparity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovoviviparity" title="Ovoviviparity">Ovoviviparity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ovulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spawn_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (biology)">Spawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tooth" title="Egg tooth">Tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophic_egg" title="Trophic egg">Trophic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">Zygote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yolk" title="Yolk">Yolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_white" title="Egg white">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggshell" title="Eggshell">Shell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eggshell_membrane" title="Eggshell membrane">membrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalaza" title="Chalaza">Chalaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eggs_as_food" title="Eggs as food">As food</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_egg_dishes" title="List of egg dishes">List of egg dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balut_(food)" title="Balut (food)">Balut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggs_Benedict" title="Eggs Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiled_egg" title="Boiled egg">Boiled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_egg" title="Century egg">Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coddled_egg" title="Coddled egg">Coddled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_custard_desserts" title="List of custard desserts">Custard desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_fried_egg" title="Deep fried egg">Deep fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deviled_egg" title="Deviled egg">Deviled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_egg" title="Fried egg">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_egg" title="Iron egg">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meringue" title="Meringue">Meringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omelette" title="Omelette">Omelette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsen_tamago" title="Onsen tamago">Onsen tamago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poached_egg" title="Poached egg">Poached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powdered_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Powdered egg">Powdered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_egg" title="Pickled egg">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiche" title="Quiche">Quiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_salad" title="Egg salad">Salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salted_duck_egg" title="Salted duck egg">Salted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_egg" title="Scotch egg">Scotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambled_eggs" title="Scrambled eggs">Scrambled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirred_eggs" title="Shirred eggs">Shirred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_egg" title="Smoked egg">Smoked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souffl%C3%A9" title="Soufflé">Soufflé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_egg" title="Tea egg">Tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Eggs_in_culture" title="Category:Eggs in culture">In culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_balancing" title="Egg balancing">Balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating" title="Egg decorating">Decorating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_egg" title="Easter egg">Easter egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg-and-spoon_race" title="Egg-and-spoon race">Egg-and-spoon race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_drop_competition" title="Egg drop competition">Egg drop competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egging" title="Egging">Egging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faberg%C3%A9_egg" title="Fabergé egg">Fabergé egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-range_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-range egg">Free range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HowToBasic" title="HowToBasic">HowToBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpty_Dumpty" title="Humpty Dumpty">Humpty Dumpty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_hunt" title="Egg hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oology" title="Oology">Oology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oomancy" title="Oomancy">Oomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_egg_production" title="Organic egg production">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egg_organizations" title="Category:Egg organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pysanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pysanka">Pysanka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegreville_egg" title="Vegreville egg">Vegreville egg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_rolling" title="Egg rolling">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tapping" title="Egg tapping">Tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_tossing" title="Egg tossing">Tossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Eggs" title="Category:Eggs">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" 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