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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Luxembourg+campaigns" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>First campaign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle First campaign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-First_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Sankt_Vith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Sankt_Vith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Siege of Sankt Vith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Sankt_Vith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plundering_of_rural_Luxembourg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plundering_of_rural_Luxembourg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Plundering of rural Luxembourg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plundering_of_rural_Luxembourg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interlude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interlude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interlude</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interlude-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interlude subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interlude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fall_of_Geertruidenberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_of_Geertruidenberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fall of Geertruidenberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_of_Geertruidenberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surprise_of_Eupen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surprise_of_Eupen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Surprise of Eupen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surprise_of_Eupen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Second campaign</span> </div> </a> <button 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxemburg_campaigns&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxemburg campaigns">Luxemburg campaigns</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Two military campaigns during the Eighty Years War</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Luxembourg campaigns</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Succession_of_Henry_IV_of_France" title="Succession of Henry IV of France">Henry IV's succession</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion#War_with_Spain_(1595–1598)" title="French Wars of Religion">Franco-Spanish War (1595–1598)</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1st: 14 January – 10 February 1593<br />2nd: January–June 1595</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Duchy of Luxembourg">Duchy of Luxembourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Prince-Bishopric of Liège</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> 1st: Spanish victory<br />2nd: Spanish victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prinsenvlag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/20px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/30px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/40px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_States_Army" title="Dutch States Army">Dutch States Army</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gules_a_fess_argent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gules_a_fess_argent.svg/18px-Gules_a_fess_argent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gules_a_fess_argent.svg/27px-Gules_a_fess_argent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gules_a_fess_argent.svg/36px-Gules_a_fess_argent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bouillon" title="Duchy of Bouillon">Duchy of Bouillon</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/20px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/30px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/40px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> <small>(1595)</small></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Flanders" title="Army of Flanders">Army of Flanders</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png/18px-Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png/27px-Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png/36px-Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Prince-Bishopric of Liège</a> <small>(1595)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prinsenvlag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/20px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/30px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/40px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Nassau" title="Philip of Nassau">Philip of Nassau</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gules_a_fess_argent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gules_a_fess_argent.svg/18px-Gules_a_fess_argent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gules_a_fess_argent.svg/27px-Gules_a_fess_argent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gules_a_fess_argent.svg/36px-Gules_a_fess_argent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne,_Duke_of_Bouillon" title="Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon">La Tour d'Auvergne</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prinsenvlag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/20px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/30px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/40px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_H%C3%A9raugi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de Héraugière (page does not exist)">Héraugière</a> <small>(1595)</small><br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/20px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/30px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/40px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a> <small>(1595)</small></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ernst_I_von_Mansfeld-Vorderort" title="Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort">Mansfeld</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Verdugo" title="Francisco Verdugo">Verdugo</a> <small>(1595)</small><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valent%C3%ADn_Pardieu_de_la_Motte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentín Pardieu de la Motte (page does not exist)">La Motte</a> <small>(1595)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png/18px-Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png/27px-Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png/36px-Wapen_Prinsbisdom_Luik.png 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_of_Bavaria" title="Ernest of Bavaria">Ernest</a> <small>(1595)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Dutch at Sankt Vith 1593:<br />500 infantry<sup id="cite_ref-Bormann_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bormann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stadtchronik_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadtchronik-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1200 cavalry<sup id="cite_ref-Bormann_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bormann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stadtchronik_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadtchronik-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Luxembourg campaigns</b> were two military campaigns by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bouillon" title="Duchy of Bouillon">Duchy of Bouillon</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a> in 1593 and 1595. The first was undertaken by a <a href="/wiki/Dutch_States_Army" title="Dutch States Army">Dutch States Army</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Nassau" title="Philip of Nassau">Philip of Nassau</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Duchy of Luxembourg">Duchy of Luxembourg</a> in early 1593, with the aim of distracting the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Flanders" title="Army of Flanders">Army of Flanders</a> to a different part of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a>, create confusion and block the importation of new pro-Spanish troops to the Low Countries via the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Road" title="Spanish Road">Spanish Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fruin_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fruin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other goals were dealing economic damage to Spain, and supporting the Protestant claimant to the French throne <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV)</a> and the Protestant prince of Sedan and duke of Bouillon, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne,_Duke_of_Bouillon" title="Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon">Henry de La Tour d'Auvergne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 249">: 249 </span></sup> </p><p>The first campaign did not result in territorial gains, but did do damage to the Luxembourgish countryside,<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and successfully managed to distract the Spanish army.<sup id="cite_ref-Fruin_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fruin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, a similar campaign to Luxembourg led to the temporary <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Huy_(1595)" title="Siege of Huy (1595)">occupation of Huy</a> in neutral <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Liège</a> by the Dutch States in February–March 1595, but they were soon expelled and the Duke of Bouillon was also driven away from Luxemburg's border fortresses again.<sup id="cite_ref-vdBroek_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vdBroek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pirenne_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pirenne-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="float:right; clear:right; margin: 10px; border: 1px #CCCCCC solid; background:#F9F9F9"> <tbody><tr> <td align="middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Ernst,_Count_of_Mansfeld-Vorderort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Peter_Ernst%2C_Count_of_Mansfeld-Vorderort.jpg/180px-Peter_Ernst%2C_Count_of_Mansfeld-Vorderort.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Peter_Ernst%2C_Count_of_Mansfeld-Vorderort.jpg/270px-Peter_Ernst%2C_Count_of_Mansfeld-Vorderort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Peter_Ernst%2C_Count_of_Mansfeld-Vorderort.jpg/360px-Peter_Ernst%2C_Count_of_Mansfeld-Vorderort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="859" /></a></span> </td> <td align="middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Maurits_van_Nassau,_prins_van_Oranje_en_Stadhouder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Maurits_van_Nassau%2C_prins_van_Oranje_en_Stadhouder.jpg/172px-Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Maurits_van_Nassau%2C_prins_van_Oranje_en_Stadhouder.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Maurits_van_Nassau%2C_prins_van_Oranje_en_Stadhouder.jpg/258px-Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Maurits_van_Nassau%2C_prins_van_Oranje_en_Stadhouder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Maurits_van_Nassau%2C_prins_van_Oranje_en_Stadhouder.jpg/344px-Michiel_Jansz_van_Mierevelt_-_Maurits_van_Nassau%2C_prins_van_Oranje_en_Stadhouder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1403" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="middle"><small><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ernst_I_von_Mansfeld-Vorderort" title="Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort">Peter Ernst von Mansfeld</a>, Spanish<br />governor-general 1592–1594.</small> </td> <td align="middle"><small><a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Maurice, Prince of Orange">Prince Maurice</a>, Dutch<br />captain-general 1589–1625.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since 1589, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_States_Party" title="Dutch States Party">Dutch States Party</a> had begun to advance in the Netherlands. Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Maurice, Prince of Orange">Prince Maurice</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Louis,_Count_of_Nassau-Dillenburg" title="William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg">William Louis</a>, several cities were recaptured from Spanish rule, including <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Breda_(1590)" title="Capture of Breda (1590)">Breda (1590)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nijmegen_(1591)" title="Siege of Nijmegen (1591)">Nijmegen (1591)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1592)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1592)">Coevorden (1592)</a>. The fighting mainly took place beyond the edges of the provinces <a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">Holland</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Zeeland" title="County of Zeeland">Zeeland</a>, the heartland of the rebel <a href="/wiki/States-General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="States-General of the Netherlands">States-General of the Netherlands</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Abjuration" title="Act of Abjuration">proclaimed independence</a> in 1581 and proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> in 1588. The States-General wanted to relieve the pressure in the Northern Netherlands by attacking the Spaniards further south. Luxembourg was selected as target for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-Fruin_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fruin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another motive was to cause economic damage to Spain and thereby support <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry of Navarre</a>, the Protestant prince who tried to ascend the French throne as King Henry IV, which would give the Protestant-dominated Republic a powerful and religiously aligned ally in the south. Although Henry had already eliminated his rivals during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Three_Henrys" title="War of the Three Henrys">War of the Three Henrys</a> (1587–1589), the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(French)" title="Catholic League (French)">Catholic League</a> (supported by Spain) still <a href="/wiki/Succession_of_Henry_IV_of_France" title="Succession of Henry IV of France">refused to recognise him</a>, and kept him outside the French capital, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, by military force.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 249">: 249 </span></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">stadtholder</a> of Luxembourg was <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ernst_I_von_Mansfeld-Vorderort" title="Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort">Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort</a>, whom <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander Farnese</a> appointed as the new governor-general of the Spanish Netherlands in December 1592. By attacking Luxembourg, the attention of the new governor-general was particularly targeted. Spanish troops would be sent to reinforce Luxembourg, leaving the Dutch States Army in the Northern Netherlands more space to manoeuvre. Maurice of Nassau, son of the late <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William the Silent</a>, and captain-general of the Dutch Republic as well as stadtholder of its most important provinces, was responsible for besieging Spanish strongholds in the north, and would benefit from the southern campaign. New Spanish troops also arrived in the Netherlands via the Spanish Road through Luxembourg, so if this southeastern province was controlled by the Dutch Republic, the Spanish troops in the north would be cut off and weakened even further.<sup id="cite_ref-Fruin_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fruin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch Republic's plans were supported by the <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenot</a> <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne,_Duke_of_Bouillon" title="Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon">Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne</a>, French marshall since 1592 and married to <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_de_La_Marck" title="Charlotte de La Marck">Charlotte de La Marck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bouillon" title="Duchy of Bouillon">Duchess of Bouillon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Sedan" title="Principality of Sedan">Princess of Sedan</a> (because she died childless in 1594, Henri inherited both lands).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henri sought to expand his duchy's territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Fruin_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fruin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Duchy of Bouillon bordered on Luxembourg; this gave the Republic a good base. Moreover, the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">German</a> princes, who had so far stayed neutral, might be persuaded to join the Dutch side in the war if the Spanish troops were thus weakened.<sup id="cite_ref-Fruin_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fruin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_campaign">First campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparations">Preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 14 January 1593, Philip of Nassau departed from <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a> via <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_J%C3%BClich" title="Duchy of Jülich">Jülich</a> (whose neutrality had been violated several times before) to Luxemburg with both infantry and cavalry. According to the <i>Journal of <a href="/wiki/Anthonie_Duyck" title="Anthonie Duyck">Anthonie Duyck</a> 1591–1602</i> (a detailed journal by an officer in Maurice's army at the time, published by historian Lodewijk Mulder in 1862–1866), Philip had 'a 1000 men on foot' and '11 <a href="/wiki/Cornet_(rank)" title="Cornet (rank)">cornets</a> of cavalry'.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It's unclear how many horsemen constituted a 'cornet'. H.M.F. Landolt claimed in <i>Militair woordenboek</i> (1861) that 'a cornet of cavalry [in the 17th century] usually counted 30 to 60 horses; several cornets formed a <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">squadron</a>', which would mean 330 to 660 men on horseback.<sup id="cite_ref-Landolt_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landolt-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duyck reports that a second group of 5 cavalry cornets (circa 150–300 riders) and 'some footsoldiers' departed from <a href="/wiki/Breda" title="Breda">Breda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heusden" title="Heusden">Heusden</a> through southern Brabant to join Philip. They captured <a href="/wiki/Hannut" title="Hannut">Hannut</a> from the Spaniards (Antonio Coquel, Spanish commander during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Steenwijk_(1592)" title="Siege of Steenwijk (1592)">Siege of Steenwijk (1592)</a>, barely escaped capture by fleeing naked), after which the infantry returned to Breda with the prisoners and captured horses, while the cavalry continued the journey and united with Philip's troops.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, historian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fruin" title="Robert Fruin">Robert Fruin</a> (1861) based his assessment of the events mostly on Book III of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Christiaenszoon_Bor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pieter Christiaenszoon Bor">Pieter Christiaenszoon Bor</a> (1595), and claimed the Dutch States Army was composed of '3000 men, both footsoldiers and riders'.<sup id="cite_ref-Fruin_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fruin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siege_of_Sankt_Vith">Siege of Sankt Vith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Siege of Sankt Vith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philips_van_Nassau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Philips_van_Nassau.jpg/150px-Philips_van_Nassau.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Philips_van_Nassau.jpg/225px-Philips_van_Nassau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Philips_van_Nassau.jpg/300px-Philips_van_Nassau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="3662" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Nassau" title="Philip of Nassau">Philip of Nassau</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Meanwhile, the Duke of Bouillon had already taken several places in Luxembourg from Spanish hands.<sup id="cite_ref-Fruin_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fruin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip marched to <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Vith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankt Vith">Sankt Vith</a>; according to Ardennes historian <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bormann" class="extiw" title="de:Michael Bormann">Michael Bormann</a> (1841), who invoked Tome IV of <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bertholet" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Bertholet">Jean Bertholet</a>'s <i>Histoire ecclésiastique et civile du duché de Luxembourg</i> (1745), Philip had 1200 horsemen and 500 footsoldiers when he attacked the city on 17 January around 7 pm;<sup id="cite_ref-Bormann_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bormann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these figures are confirmed by the <i>Sankt Vither Stadtchronik</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stadtchronik_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stadtchronik-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip attempted to take the city with a certain siege engine which shot burning projectiles into the city, causing fires and panic. The defenders of Sankt Vith however managed to destroy the States' war machine after several hours, and inflicted some casualties upon the beleaguerers.<sup id="cite_ref-Bormann_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bormann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From sunrise until 8 am, Philip assaulted the town again, but to no avail. Thereupon he threatened to exterminate all inhabitants upon conquest if they refused to surrender immediately, but according to Bormann this only strengthened the defenders' resolve to maintain resistance, and a subsequent attack was again repulsed.<sup id="cite_ref-Bormann_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bormann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the third day, Philip gave up the siege, and instead resorted to plundering the countryside, killing and burning as he went, not sparing the (Catholic) churches.<sup id="cite_ref-Bormann_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bormann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plundering_of_rural_Luxembourg">Plundering of rural Luxembourg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Plundering of rural Luxembourg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a letter to <a href="/wiki/Raadspensionaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Raadspensionaris">raadspensionaris</a> <a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Oldenbarneveldt" class="mw-redirect" title="Johan van Oldenbarneveldt">Johan van Oldenbarneveldt</a>, Philip asked if he should join forces with the Duke of Bouillon, to enlarge the campaign. However, they could not count on support from Henry of Navarre. Oldenbarneveldt therefore recalled Philip to the Republic, and ordered him to take <i>brandschattingen</i> (exaction of tributes from populations under the threat of plundering their homes) as loot along the way. Mansfeld was already on his way with a large army, so the Duke of Bouillon withdrew as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Fruin_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fruin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his way to the city of Luxembourg and back, Duyck reported that 24 villages in the Duchy of Luxembourg were pillaged and burnt, after which Philip returned via <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Cologne" title="Electorate of Cologne">Electoral Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Guelders" title="Upper Guelders">Upper Guelders</a> to Nijmegen on 10 February.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duyck therefore remarked that it was more of a 'poaching expedition' to damage the Spaniards than to gain territories. Militarily, the campaign amounted to little, and the losses were insignificant, but there was a 'substantial loot of clothes, linen and some prisoners and hostages to be exchanged for <a href="/wiki/Ransom" title="Ransom">ransom</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interlude">Interlude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Interlude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px"><div style="position:relative;width:250px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Li%C3%A8ge_and_Luxemburg_1618.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Luxembourg campaigns is located in 100x100"><img alt="Luxembourg campaigns is located in 100x100" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Li%C3%A8ge_and_Luxemburg_1618.png/250px-Li%C3%A8ge_and_Luxemburg_1618.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Li%C3%A8ge_and_Luxemburg_1618.png/375px-Li%C3%A8ge_and_Luxemburg_1618.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Li%C3%A8ge_and_Luxemburg_1618.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="627" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:8%;left:57%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nijmegen"><img alt="Nijmegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:Ivory">Nijmegen</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63%;left:62%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sankt Vith"><img alt="Sankt Vith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div style="background-color:Ivory">Sankt Vith</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53%;left:31%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Huy"><img alt="Huy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:Ivory">Huy</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.5%;left:61%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Eupen"><img alt="Eupen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:Ivory">Eupen</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:84%;left:27%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yvoix"><img alt="Yvoix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Yvoix</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:86.35%;left:30.3%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="La Ferté"><img alt="La Ferté" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>La Ferté</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:88.7%;left:33.6%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chauvency"><img alt="Chauvency" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Chauvency</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Li%C3%A8ge_and_Luxemburg_1618.png" title="File:Liège and Luxemburg 1618.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Key locations of the Luxembourg campaigns on a 1618 map</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fall_of_Geertruidenberg">Fall of Geertruidenberg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fall of Geertruidenberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Geertruidenberg_(1593)" title="Siege of Geertruidenberg (1593)">Siege of Geertruidenberg (1593)</a></div> <p>The first campaign failed to occupy any territories for the Dutch Republic in the south, but did magnage to lure Mansfeld to Luxembourg. The Spanish constructed several <a href="/wiki/Cantonment" title="Cantonment">cantonments</a> in Liège in the middle of February.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed Maurice to <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Geertruidenberg_(1593)" title="Siege of Geertruidenberg (1593)">encircle Geertruidenberg</a> and he had enough time to construct <a href="/wiki/Sconce_(fortification)" title="Sconce (fortification)">sconces</a> and prevent Mansfeld's army from <a href="/wiki/Relief_(military)" title="Relief (military)">relieving</a> the city. Geertruidenberg surrendered to Maurice on 24 June 1593.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 269">: 269 </span></sup> After some unsuccessful manoeuvring between States' and Spanish forces around <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cr%C3%A8vecoeur_(Netherlands)" title="Fort Crèvecoeur (Netherlands)">Fort Crèvecoeur</a> and <a href="/wiki/%27s-Hertogenbosch" title="'s-Hertogenbosch">'s-Hertogenbosch</a> in July and August, the Dutch States attempted to supply the Duke of Bouillon with the means to hire mercenaries for a new campaign against Luxembourg, but the money transport was attacked by Spanish cavalry on 17 August south of <a href="/wiki/Lommel" title="Lommel">Lommel</a>, and was forced to retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 273">: 273 </span></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Henry of Navarre converted to Catholicism in July 1593 in order to be recognised as the king of France by the Catholic League, allegedly saying: 'Paris is well worth a Mass'. Although he succeeded in this, his Protestant allies in the Dutch Republic fiercely condemned this decision; moreover, they doubted whether Henry was still a reliable military ally. Henry of Navarre declared that he would not abandon the Republic, and continued sending money and troops to combat Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 248–249">: 248–249 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surprise_of_Eupen">Surprise of Eupen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Surprise of Eupen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In autumn, Philip of Nassau tried to conquer the fortified city of <a href="/wiki/Limbourg" title="Limbourg">Limbourg</a> on the river <a href="/wiki/Vesdre" title="Vesdre">Vesdre</a>. This time he left Nijmegen on 30 October 1593 with 7 cornets (210–420 riders) and 400 footsoldiers, arriving at the walls of Limbourg in the night of 3 November, delayed by heavy rainfall. Because part of the Dutch troops got lost due to rain and darkness, he cancelled the assault, and instead took <a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a> by surprise on the next day. The Spanish garrison there fled sought refuge in a church, but Philip ordered his troops to set it on fire. After about 80 Spanish soldiers perished in the flames, the remainder surrendered. The night of 6 November saw Philip return to Nijmegen with the prisoners of war.<sup id="cite_ref-Duyck_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 285–286">: 285–286 </span></sup> </p><p>Henry of Navarre was finally recognised as Henry IV of France when he was crowned in Chartres in February 1594, and held his entry into Paris in March 1594. <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groningen_(1594)" title="Siege of Groningen (1594)">Maurice conquered Groningen</a> in July 1594, while unpaid Spanish soldiers in Northern France mutinied in August, followed by Italian troops in Brabant; the latter plundered the city of <a href="/wiki/Tienen" title="Tienen">Tienen</a> until their overdue wages were finally fulfilled.<sup id="cite_ref-Pirenne_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pirenne-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_campaign">Second campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Second campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occupation_of_Huy">Occupation of Huy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Occupation of Huy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francisco_Verdugo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Francisco_Verdugo.jpg/150px-Francisco_Verdugo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Francisco_Verdugo.jpg/225px-Francisco_Verdugo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Francisco_Verdugo.jpg/300px-Francisco_Verdugo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Verdugo" title="Francisco Verdugo">Francisco Verdugo</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Huy_(1595)" title="Siege of Huy (1595)">Siege of Huy (1595)</a></div> <p>On 17 January 1595, the new French king Henry IV declared war on Spain, ordering duke Henry of Bouillon to launch another campaign through Luxembourg and together with Dutch States forces take the town of <a href="/wiki/Huy" title="Huy">Huy</a> in the neutral <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Prince-Bishopric of Liège</a>. With this 'Protestant' corridor through Catholic territory between the Dutch Republic and Bouillon/Sedan/France, the allies could threaten Brussels and Antwerp. With plenty of violence, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Huy_(1595)" title="Siege of Huy (1595)">Huy was assaulted and captured</a> on 6 February 1595 by Dutch States troops commanded by Charles de Héraugière. After vainly calling on the <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes of the Holy Roman Empire">German Imperial princes</a> to intervene, the Liégeous prince-bishop <a href="/wiki/Ernest_of_Bavaria" title="Ernest of Bavaria">Ernest of Bavaria</a> requested the new governor-general <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Henriquez_de_Acevedo,_Count_of_Fuentes" title="Pedro Henriquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes">Fuentes</a> (successor of <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ernest_of_Austria" title="Archduke Ernest of Austria">Ernest of Austria</a>, who unexpectedly died on 20 February 1595<sup id="cite_ref-vdBroek_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vdBroek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) to drive out the Dutch. The Spanish expelled the States' soldiers from Huy on 20 March, and gave back the town to Liège.<sup id="cite_ref-Pirenne_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pirenne-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luxembourgish_border_fortresses_recapture">Luxembourgish border fortresses recapture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Luxembourgish border fortresses recapture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Verdugo" title="Francisco Verdugo">Francisco Verdugo</a> had followed Fuentes' orders to move from <a href="/wiki/Lingen,_Germany" title="Lingen, Germany">Lingen</a> to the south in order to oust duke Henry of Bouillon from several Luxembourgish fortresses, namely <a href="/wiki/Carignan,_Ardennes" title="Carignan, Ardennes">Yvoix (present-day Carignan)</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Fert%C3%A9-sur-Chiers" title="La Ferté-sur-Chiers">La Ferté-sur-Chiers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chauvency-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Chauvency-le-Château">Chauvency-le-Château</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vdBroek_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vdBroek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Verdugo received fewer troops from Fuentes than requested, he nevertheless succeeded in reconquering the Luxembourgish border fortresses from the Bouillonese with his small improvised force, before requesting to be discharged around June 1595, and dying in September 1595.<sup id="cite_ref-vdBroek_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vdBroek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pirenne_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pirenne-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bormann-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bormann_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bormann_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bormann_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bormann_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bormann_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bormann_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBormann1841" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bormann, Michael (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W2UPAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA242"><i>Beitrag zur Geschichte der Ardennen</i></a> (in German). Druck und Commissions- Debit der Fr. Lintz'schen Buchhandlung. pp. 242–243<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beitrag+zur+Geschichte+der+Ardennen&rft.pages=242-243&rft.pub=Druck+und+Commissions-+Debit+der+Fr.+Lintz%27schen+Buchhandlung&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Bormann&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW2UPAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuxembourg+campaigns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stadtchronik-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stadtchronik_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stadtchronik_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stadtchronik_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st.vith.be/Gemeinde/Unsere-Gemeinde/Geschichte/Verwustung-Zerstorung">"Verwüstung & Zerstörung"</a>. <i>Geschichte Sankt Vith</i> (in German). Gemeinde Sankt Vith<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geschichte+Sankt+Vith&rft.atitle=Verw%C3%BCstung+%26+Zerst%C3%B6rung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.st.vith.be%2FGemeinde%2FUnsere-Gemeinde%2FGeschichte%2FVerwustung-Zerstorung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuxembourg+campaigns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fruin-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fruin_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fruin_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fruin_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fruin_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fruin_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fruin_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fruin_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fruin_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fruin_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">Robert Jacobus Fruin</span> (1861): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/frui001tien01_01/frui001tien01_01_0012.htm">Tien jaren uit den tachtigjarigen oorlog, 1588-1598</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duyck-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duyck_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulder1869" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mulder, Lodewijk (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SkhNAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA247">"Iets over de veldtochten van prins Maurits: 1593"</a>. <i>Het Vaandel: Tijdschrift voor Onderofficieren</i> (in Dutch). <b>1869</b>: 247–287.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Het+Vaandel%3A+Tijdschrift+voor+Onderofficieren&rft.atitle=Iets+over+de+veldtochten+van+prins+Maurits%3A+1593&rft.volume=1869&rft.pages=247-287&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Mulder&rft.aufirst=Lodewijk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSkhNAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuxembourg+campaigns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vdBroek-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vdBroek_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vdBroek_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vdBroek_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vdBroek_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">J.F.J. van den Broek</span>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mgrlOL8DV2MC">Voor god en mijn koning: het verslag van kolonel Francisco Verdugo over zijn jaren als legerleider en gouverneur namens Filips II in Stad en Lande van Groningen, Drenthe, Friesland, Overijssel en Lingen (1581-1595)</a></i> (2009), p. 26, 35. Assen: Uitgeverij Van Gorcum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pirenne-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pirenne_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pirenne_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pirenne_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pirenne_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPirenne1925" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Pirenne" title="Henri Pirenne">Pirenne, Henri</a> (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/pire002gesc04_01/pire002gesc04_01_0009.php"><i>Geschiedenis van België. Deel 4</i></a> (in Dutch). Gent: Samenwerkende Volksdrukkerĳ. pp. 205–207<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschiedenis+van+Belgi%C3%AB.+Deel+4&rft.place=Gent&rft.pages=205-207&rft.pub=Samenwerkende+Volksdrukker%C4%B3&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Pirenne&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbnl.org%2Ftekst%2Fpire002gesc04_01%2Fpire002gesc04_01_0009.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuxembourg+campaigns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encarta Encyclopaedia Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "La Tour d'Auvergne. § Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne I". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Landolt-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Landolt_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandolt1861" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Landolt, H.M.F. (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/land016mili01_01/land016mili01_01_0012.php"><i>Militair woordenboek</i></a> (in Dutch). Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff. p. 324.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Militair+woordenboek&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=324&rft.pub=A.W.+Sijthoff&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Landolt&rft.aufirst=H.M.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbnl.org%2Ftekst%2Fland016mili01_01%2Fland016mili01_01_0012.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuxembourg+campaigns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&oldid=1248496809">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_campaigns&oldid=1248496809</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Category:Battles of the Eighty Years' War">Battles of the Eighty Years' War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sieges_of_the_Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Category:Sieges of the Eighty Years' War">Sieges of the Eighty Years' War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1593" title="Category:Conflicts in 1593">Conflicts in 1593</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1595" title="Category:Conflicts in 1595">Conflicts in 1595</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Category:History of Liège">History of Liège</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Luxembourg" title="Category:History of Luxembourg">History of Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_Wars_of_Religion" title="Category:French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 September 2024, at 20:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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