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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ancient history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_and_early_20th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_and_early_20th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>19th and early 20th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_and_early_20th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>People's Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_minorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_minorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ethnic minorities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_minorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Dialect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changde_Uyghur_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changde_Uyghur_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Changde Uyghur culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changde_Uyghur_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_food_and_beverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_food_and_beverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Local food and beverage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_food_and_beverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intercity_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Intercity rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus_rapid_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus_rapid_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bus rapid transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus_rapid_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_bike_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_bike_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Public bike service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_bike_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-gourmet_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#gourmet_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>gourmet food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-gourmet_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Changde</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%AF%D9%87" title="تشانغده – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشانغده" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B4ng-tek-chh%C4%AB" title="Siông-tek-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siông-tek-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xangd%C3%A9" title="Xangdé – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xangdé" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde_(kapital_sa_gatos_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Changde (kapital sa gatos sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Changde (kapital sa gatos sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cchang-te" title="Čchang-te – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čchang-te" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="چانگدی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چانگدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2ng-tet-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Sòng-tet-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sòng-tet-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%BD%EB%8D%94%EC%8B%9C" title="창더시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="창더시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93%D7%94" title="צ'אנגדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'אנגדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cangd%C4%97" title="Čangdė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čangdė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87" title="चांग्दे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चांग्दे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B2ng-d%C3%A1ik" title="Siòng-dáik – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siòng-dáik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B3%E5%B8%82" title="常徳市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="常徳市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D" title="Чандэ – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чандэ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Чангде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чангде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Чанде – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чанде" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="چانگدا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چانگدا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thường Đức – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thường Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changde" title="Changde – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Changde" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7" title="常德 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="常德" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Changde&params=29.031_N_111.699_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-43_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°01′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">111°41′56″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.031°N 111.699°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.031; 111.699</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chande" title="Chande">chande</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture-level city in Hunan, People's Republic of China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Changde</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh">常德市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Changte; Changteh</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7_20240223.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7_20240223.jpg/250px-%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7_20240223.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7_20240223.jpg/375px-%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7_20240223.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7_20240223.jpg/500px-%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7_20240223.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2730" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_of_Changde_Prefecture_within_Hunan_(China).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Changde jurisdiction in Hunan"><img alt="Location of Changde jurisdiction in Hunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Location_of_Changde_Prefecture_within_Hunan_%28China%29.png/250px-Location_of_Changde_Prefecture_within_Hunan_%28China%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Location_of_Changde_Prefecture_within_Hunan_%28China%29.png/375px-Location_of_Changde_Prefecture_within_Hunan_%28China%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Location_of_Changde_Prefecture_within_Hunan_%28China%29.png/500px-Location_of_Changde_Prefecture_within_Hunan_%28China%29.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="620" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Changde jurisdiction in Hunan</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Changde is located in Hunan"><img alt="Changde is located in Hunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg/250px-Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg/375px-Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg/500px-Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="716" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.259%;left:52.755%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Changde"><img alt="Changde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Changde</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the city centre in Hunan</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Changde municipal government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Changde&params=29.031_N_111.699_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-43_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°01′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">111°41′56″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.031°N 111.699°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.031; 111.699</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">People's Republic of China</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Province_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province (China)">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling District">Wuling District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Zhou Derui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周德睿</span></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Party_chief_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Party chief of the Communist Party of China">Party Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Wang Qun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王群</span></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">18,177 km<sup>2</sup> (7,018 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,752 km<sup>2</sup> (1,063 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,752 km<sup>2</sup> (1,063 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">35 m (115 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,279,102</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">290/km<sup>2</sup> (750/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,469,055</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">530/km<sup>2</sup> (1,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,469,055</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">530/km<sup>2</sup> (1,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a> 427.5 billion<br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 63.4 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 80,980<br />US$ 12,042</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">415000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0736</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-HN-07</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Licence_plates_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Licence plates of the People's Republic of China">License plate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">湘J</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor laurel</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gardenia" title="Gardenia">Gardenia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eng.changde.gov.cn/">eng<wbr />.changde<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Changde</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">常德</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Chángdé</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 常德區 <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʈʂʰǎŋ.tɤ̌]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a> in the northwest of <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> province, People's Republic of China. Changde, known as "Wuling" in ancient times, is located on the west side of <a href="/wiki/Dongting_Lake" title="Dongting Lake">Dongting Lake</a> in the south of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze River</a>, at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Wuling_Mountains" title="Wuling Mountains">Wuling Mountain</a>. It is historically known as "the throat of Sichuan and Guizhou, and the gateway to Yunnan and Guizhou".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the urban districts, Changde also administers the <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a> and six counties. Changde is adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Dongting_Lake" title="Dongting Lake">Dongting Lake</a> to the east, the city of <a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Wuling_Mountains" title="Wuling Mountains">Wuling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xuefeng_Mountains" title="Xuefeng Mountains">Xuefeng Mountains</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> province to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-citygov_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citygov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area has been inhabited by humans since around 8,000 years ago. In that time, the city has changed names several times, but it has been known as Changde since the 12th century. The city is well known for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Battle of Changde</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> (1937–45) and the atrocities committed then by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a>. </p><p>In the past decade, the city has seen a massive construction boom. New highrises have sprung up, roads were rebuilt and new schools, parks and museums have opened. Locals and tourists often visit the Changde Poetry Wall, covered in a variety of poems mostly from ancient China. The wall stretches for 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) along the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_River" title="Yuan River">Yuan River</a> downtown and functions as a <a href="/wiki/Flood_wall" title="Flood wall">flood wall</a>. It is listed in the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_World_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of World Records">Guinness Book of World Records</a> as the longest wall with engraved arts in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Changde is known for its many <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> sites. About 500 of them have been discovered to date. In 1984 neolithic human settlements were discovered in <a href="/wiki/Li_County,_Hunan" title="Li County, Hunan">Li County</a>, part of Changde. In 1988, the <a href="/wiki/Pengtoushan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengtoushan">Pengtoushan</a> site was excavated leading to the identification of the "Pengtoushan Culture". The site contains the earliest evidence of a settled village yet discovered in China.<sup id="cite_ref-Higham63_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Higham63-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archeological research from 2011 suggests that a settlement called Shanlonggang, part of the Pengtoushan civilization, may have cultivated rice 8,000-9,000 years ago, making it the possible birthplace of rice cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In historical times it was also a centre from which governments controlled the mountain tribes of western Hunan. A county named <i>Linyuan</i> was established there in the 2nd century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, the local area was under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> the area was called "Wuling County". The name is retained in the urban <a href="/wiki/Wuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling District">Wuling District</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a>, it was called Langzhou. During the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, it was called Dingcheng. In the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907) it became the seat of Lang prefecture. In 1117, Changde county was established, and around 1165,Changde superior prefecture/<a href="/wiki/Fu_(administrative_division)" title="Fu (administrative division)">fu</a> was established. The name Changde has been used for the city ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-citygov_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citygov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This status was retained until 1912, when the superior prefecture was abolished and the city became a county seat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_and_early_20th_centuries">19th and early 20th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th and early 20th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 19th century Changde became a prosperous commercial center and the chief agricultural central market of the Yuan River basin. Many Chinese firms, and — after 1905, when it was opened to <a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign trade">foreign trade</a> — foreign firms as well, maintained branches there to buy <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tung_oil" title="Tung oil">tung oil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a>, so that Changde's economic influence reached out into northern <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, southwestern <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, and parts of southeastern <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> province. The merchants of the Taho quarter of the city controlled much of the northwestern Hunan economy, and early in the 20th century Changde was the second city of Hunan, after <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Changde_battle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Changde_battle.jpg/240px-Changde_battle.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Changde_battle.jpg/360px-Changde_battle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Changde_battle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="286" /></a><figcaption>Chinese soldiers defending Changde</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1943 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Battle of Changde</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> attempted to stop the invading <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> from completing their <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_invasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuan invasion">invasion of Sichuan</a>. Frustrated, the Japanese side employed <a href="/wiki/Changde_chemical_weapon_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Changde chemical weapon attack">chemical weapons</a> to clear their way.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk_War_Crime_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Khabarovsk War Crime Trials">Khabarovsk War Crime Trials</a>, proof was presented of operations to contaminate the area with <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">plague</a> as early as 1941 and 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic"><span id="People.27s_Republic"></span>People's Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: People's Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the commercial dominance of Changde firms disappeared with the advent of <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">communist</a> rule in 1949, the city remained an important center of trade, with the majority of its population engaged either in <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a> or in <a href="/wiki/Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">transportation</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1975, Changde was hit by <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Nina_(1975)" title="Typhoon Nina (1975)">Typhoon Nina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishermen_on_the_Yuan_river_in_Changde.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Fishermen_on_the_Yuan_river_in_Changde.jpg/220px-Fishermen_on_the_Yuan_river_in_Changde.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Fishermen_on_the_Yuan_river_in_Changde.jpg/330px-Fishermen_on_the_Yuan_river_in_Changde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Fishermen_on_the_Yuan_river_in_Changde.jpg/440px-Fishermen_on_the_Yuan_river_in_Changde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Two fishermen on the Yuan river in downtown Changde. The bridge and Jiangnan district can be seen in the background.</figcaption></figure> <p>Located on the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_River" title="Yuan River">Yuan River</a> upstream from its junction with the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Dongting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Dongting">Lake Dongting</a> system, Changde is a natural center of the northwest Hunan plain. The city was historically situated on the north bank of the Yuan River, and has since expanded development south of the river. The Chinese phrase "<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">三山三水</span></span>" (literally "Three mountains and three rivers") is often used in reference to the general physical geography of the city. Around the city are three nearby mountains- Taiyang Mountain (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">太阳山</span></span>) to the north, Mount De (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">德山</span></span>) to the south, and Mount Hefu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">河洑山</span></span>) in the west. In addition to the Yuan River, the city has plentiful water resources with the Chuanzi and Xin Rivers both flowing through Wuling urban district. The other major geographic feature of the area is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuye_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liuye Lake (page does not exist)">Liuye Lake</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">柳叶湖</span></span>), to the northeast of the city center. There are also numerous lakes, ponds, and streams in the city although many have been diverted or buried.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The larger prefecture-level city of Changde is adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Dongting_Lake" title="Dongting Lake">Dongting Lake</a> to the east, the city of <a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Wuling_Mountains" title="Wuling Mountains">Wuling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xuefeng_Mountains" title="Xuefeng Mountains">Xuefeng Mountains</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> province to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-citygov_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citygov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near the border with Hubei province in <a href="/wiki/Shimen_County" title="Shimen County">Shimen county</a> is <a href="/wiki/Huping_Mountain" title="Huping Mountain">Huping Mountain</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">壶瓶山</span></span>), the highest peaks in Hunan province with an altitude of 2,099 metres (6,886 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Xuefeng and Wuling mountains have historically been part of the native habitat of the <a href="/wiki/South_China_tiger" title="South China tiger">South China tiger</a>. This species is critically endangered and believed to be extinct in the wild. In recent years, the Chinese government has worked to identify potential sites for the establishment of a tiger reserve for the reintroduction of captive-born tigers into the wild. Hupingshan-Houhe National Natural Reserve Complex in Shimen county was selected as one of several potential sites.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has a <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>-influenced, four-season <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfa</i>), with cool, damp winters, and hot, humid summers. Winter begins relatively dry but not sunny and becomes progressively damper and cloudier; spring brings frequent rain and the highest humidity levels of the year. Summer is comparatively sunny, while autumn is somewhat dry. The monthly 24-hour average temperatures ranges from 5.0 °C (41.0 °F) in January to 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 17.37 °C (63.3 °F). The annual precipitation is about 1,366 mm (54 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 22% in February and March to 53% in July, the city receives 1,602 hours of bright sunshine annually.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Changde's greatest danger is floods. Floods occur about once every two years, and major floods occur about once every four years. Floods are more common than droughts.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Changde (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.4<br />(104.7) </td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.7<br />(107.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.7<br />(107.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.2<br />(8.2) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.2<br />(8.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.8<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.8<br />(3.02) </td> <td style="background: #5BFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.4<br />(4.31) </td> <td style="background: #00F500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171.8<br />(6.76) </td> <td style="background: #00EF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.7<br />(7.15) </td> <td style="background: #00C100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">205.5<br />(8.09) </td> <td style="background: #00E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.1<br />(7.48) </td> <td style="background: #57FF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.7<br />(4.44) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.5<br />(2.54) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.9<br />(3.22) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(1.44) </td> <td style="background: #51FF51; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,367.9<br />(53.84) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.5 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.0 </td> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.9 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">141.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #969696; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.1 </td> <td style="background: #9E9E9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.1 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.8 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128.4 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.5 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.6 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.2 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.0 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.0 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.8 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.1 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.5 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF29; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,646.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all-time extreme temperature<sup id="cite_ref-Mherrera_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mherrera-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather China<sup id="cite_ref-Clim_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clim-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The municipal executive, legislature and <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_people%27s_court" title="Intermediate people's court">judiciary</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Wuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling District">Wuling District</a>, together with the city's <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Communist Party</a> headquarters and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_public_security_bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese public security bureau">Public security bureau</a>. Wuling sits on the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_River" title="Yuan River">Yuan River</a>. Opposite Wuling is the administrative centre for <a href="/wiki/Dingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingcheng District">Dingcheng District</a>. </p><p>Changde prefecture-level city oversees two districts, one county-level city and six counties : </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8">Map </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 552px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Administrative_Division_Changde.png/552px-Administrative_Division_Changde.png" decoding="async" width="552" height="594" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Administrative_Division_Changde.png/828px-Administrative_Division_Changde.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Administrative_Division_Changde.png/1104px-Administrative_Division_Changde.png 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1980" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:351px; top:355px"><a href="/wiki/Wuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling District"><b>Wuling</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:321px; top:445px"><a href="/wiki/Dingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingcheng District"><b>Dingcheng<br />※</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:414px; top:316px"><a href="/wiki/Dingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingcheng District"><b>※</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:486px; top:223px"><a href="/wiki/Anxiang_County" title="Anxiang County"><b>Anxiang<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:438px; top:421px"><a href="/wiki/Hanshou_County" title="Hanshou County"><b>Hanshou<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:360px; top:109px"><a href="/wiki/Li_County,_Hunan" title="Li County, Hunan"><b>Li<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:330px; top:220px"><a href="/wiki/Linli_County" title="Linli County"><b>Linli<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:204px; top:403px"><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_County,_Hunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoyuan County, Hunan"><b>Taoyuan<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:114px; top:88px"><a href="/wiki/Shimen_County" title="Shimen County"><b>Shimen<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:405px; top:238px"><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City"><b>Jinshi<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(city)</span></b></a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Chinese </th> <th>Administrative seat </th> <th>Post code </th> <th>Population<br />(2010 census) </th> <th>Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Density<br />(per km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Population<br />(2000 census) </th></tr> <tr style="background:#e3e3e3;"> <td colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"><b>Urban Districts</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Wuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling District">Wuling District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">武陵区</span></span></td> <td>Nanping Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">南坪街道</span></span>)</td> <td>415000</td> <td>620,973</td> <td>412</td> <td>2,084</td> <td>509,940 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Dingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingcheng District">Dingcheng District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">鼎城区</span></span></td> <td>Hongyun Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">红云街道</span></span>)</td> <td>415100</td> <td>837,563</td> <td>2340</td> <td>342</td> <td>836,799 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#e3e3e3;"> <td colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"><b>County-level City</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi City</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">津市市</span></span></td> <td>Xianyang Street Subdistrict<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">襄阳街街道</span></span>)</td> <td>415400</td> <td>251,064</td> <td>556</td> <td>450</td> <td>243,242 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#e3e3e3;"> <td colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"><b>Counties</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Shimen_County" title="Shimen County">Shimen County</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">石门县</span></span></td> <td>Chujiang Town<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">楚江镇</span></span>)</td> <td>415300</td> <td>599,475</td> <td>3970</td> <td>151</td> <td>673,435 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Li_County,_Hunan" title="Li County, Hunan">Li County</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">澧县</span></span></td> <td>Liyang Town<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">澧阳镇</span></span>)</td> <td>415500</td> <td>827,021</td> <td>2075</td> <td>399</td> <td>824,902 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Linli_County" title="Linli County">Linli County</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">临澧县</span></span></td> <td>Anfu Town<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">安福镇</span></span>)</td> <td>415200</td> <td>401,071</td> <td>1204</td> <td>333</td> <td>411,971 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Anxiang_County" title="Anxiang County">Anxiang County</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">安乡县</span></span></td> <td>Shenliu Town<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">深柳镇</span></span>)</td> <td>415600</td> <td>525,619</td> <td>1086</td> <td>484</td> <td>543,602 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hanshou_County" title="Hanshou County">Hanshou County</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">汉寿县</span></span></td> <td>Longyang Town<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">龙阳镇</span></span>)</td> <td>415900</td> <td>799,497</td> <td>2091</td> <td>383</td> <td>764,213 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_County,_Hunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoyuan County, Hunan">Taoyuan County</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">桃源县</span></span></td> <td>Zhangjiang Town<br />(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">漳江镇</span></span>)</td> <td>415700</td> <td>854,935</td> <td>4442</td> <td>192</td> <td>932,77 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tobacco is the most important industry in Changde.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Changde Cigarette Factory (CDCF), now a subsidiary of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., is one of six key cigarette companies in China and employs 8,300 workers in Changde as of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CDCF is by far Changde's largest industrial concern accounting for 4.22 billion (51.2%) of the city's 8.2 billion total industrial value added in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Changde is also an administrative centre and a storage and shipping point for <a href="/wiki/Tung_oil" title="Tung oil">tung oil</a>, grain, cotton, medicinal herbs, and wood. Manufactures include ceramics, machine tools, textiles, leather, and processed foods. <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">Grain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Commodities" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodities">commodities</a> are loaded into medium-sized ships and taken to <a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hankou" title="Hankou">Hankou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei province) for onward shipment. Timber is also rafted there and floated across <a href="/wiki/Lake_Dongting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Dongting">Lake Dongting</a> to Yueyang, and thus to the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a>. After 1949 the city developed some <a href="/wiki/Light_industry" title="Light industry">light industry</a>, mostly based on such local products as <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bristle" title="Bristle">bristles</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Changde is the fifth most populous prefecture-level division in Hunan (after <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a>), with a total population of 5,279,102 inhabitants as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020 Chinese census</a>, of which 1,469,055 reside in the built-up area (metro) made of <a href="/wiki/Dingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingcheng District">Dingcheng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling District">Wuling</a> Districts. As of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Chinese_census" title="2010 Chinese census">2010 Chinese census</a> 13.23% of the population was found to be under 15 years old, while the population over 65 comprised 11.43% of the total.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of 2023 and the beginning of 2024, the permanent population will be 5.187 million.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_minorities">Ethnic minorities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ethnic minorities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia people</a> are native to Shimen county, having occupied parts of the area for over 2000 years. Other significant ethnic minority populations in Changde include the <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang peoples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fengshu Hui and Uyghur Autonomous Township (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">枫树维吾尔族回族乡</span></span>) in Taoyuan County is the largest Uyghur community outside of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Uyghur_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region">Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fengshu is one of four Hui and Uyghur Autonomous Townships in Changde. The other three are Qinglin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">青林</span></span>) also in Taoyuan county, Xujiaqiao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">许家桥</span></span>) in Dingcheng district, and Maojiatan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">毛家滩</span></span>) in Hanshou county. Changde has the largest Hui population in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-minzudept_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minzudept-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minority ethnicities represented 7.2% of the total population of Changde in 2010, 0.8% less than in 2000. By far the largest group of ethnic minority residents is the Tujia with 361,200 people or approximately 6.3% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-changdeminzu_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-changdeminzu-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tujia made up over half the population of Shimen county as of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-minzudept_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minzudept-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for the other major minority ethnic groups present in Changde, the Hui, Uyghur, Miao, and Zhuang peoples respectively comprise 0.5% (33,500 people), 0.08% (4,800 people), 0.08% (4,500 people), and 0.02% (1,300 people) of the total population of Changde.<sup id="cite_ref-changdeminzu_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-changdeminzu-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People of Changde do not speak <a href="/wiki/Hunanese_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunanese (linguistics)">Hunanese</a>, the locals speak the Chang–He 常鹤 dialect of <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern Mandarin</a>. </p><p>Most people still speak Mandarin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Changde" title="Politics of Changde">Politics of Changde</a></div> <p>The current CPC party secretary of Changde is Zhou Derui, and the current mayor is Cao Lijun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialect">Dialect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dialect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Changde dialect is a variety of <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern Mandarin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, it lacks the <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonants" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex consonants">retroflex consonants</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a>. Changde dialect adds the initial consonant /ŋ/ not present in standard Chinese. In addition, /n/ and /l/ are merged. The dialect has the same four tones as standard Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Changde has two major daily newspapers, the Changde Daily (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">常德日报</span></span>) and the Changde Evening News (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">常德晚报</span></span>), both published by Changde Daily Media Group (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">常德日报传媒集团</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Changde Livelihood Newspaper (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">常德民生报</span></span>) is published every Monday, Wednesday and Friday by Changde City Broadcasting Department which also manages Changde's local television and radio. The five local television networks run by Changde Television (HNCDTV), a sub-division of Changde City Department of Broadcasting, are Changde News Channel, Changde Public Channel, Changde City Channel, Changde Wuling Channel, and Changde Teletext Channel. The department of broadcasting also manages Changde People's Radio Traffic Channel (97.1 FM) and Changde People's Radio News Channel (105.6 FM).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changde_Uyghur_culture">Changde Uyghur culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Changde Uyghur culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on Uyghurs of Taoyuan: <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people#Uyghurs_of_Taoyuan,_Hunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghur people § Uyghurs of Taoyuan, Hunan</a></div> <p>Taoyuan county's Uyghur community is culturally distinct from the Uyghur communities of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> plays a central role in Xinjiang Uyghur culture, Islam and religious orthodoxy are much less prominent in Changde Uyghur culture. In particular, young Changde Uyghurs often do not practice Islam and consume pork, strictly forbidden among Xinjiang Uyghurs and Muslims in general, but common for the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>. In addition, the Changde Uyghurs speak <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>. Those who practice Islam also learn <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> for religious purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_food_and_beverage">Local food and beverage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Local food and beverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drinking <a href="/wiki/Lei_cha" title="Lei cha">Lei cha</a>, a beverage made from tea and other dry ingredients ground together and steeped in boiled water, is popular in Changde, especially in the urban districts of Wuling and Dingcheng and Taoyuan and Hanshou counties. Wuling Lei cha, as the Changde variety is sometimes called, is usually made with sesame, peanut, meng bean, rice, tea and ginger. <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to legend, the custom of drinking lei cha began in Changde over two thousand years ago when <a href="/wiki/Ma_Yuan_(Han_dynasty)" title="Ma Yuan (Han dynasty)">general Ma Yuan</a> and his army passed through Wuling county, where Changde is now located. There was a sudden epidemic in the barracks which they were only able to cure with a home remedy given to Ma Yuan by a mysterious old lady. Lei cha has been popular in the region ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 17th century, folk music from <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> provinces began influencing the popular music scene in Changde's Yuan and Li river district. A unique style of theatrical folk music called Changde Sixian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">常德丝弦</span></span>; lit. "Changde strings") evolved from this combination. <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>It includes short expressive sections of lyrics spoken and sung in turns in Changde dialect by a group of singers accompanied by traditional Chinese stringed instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/Yangqin" title="Yangqin">yangqin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pipa" title="Pipa">pipa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanxian" title="Sanxian">sanxian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huqin" title="Huqin">huqin</a>. The traditional repertoire has over 100 songs, most of which are based on history or folklore. After the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%9376)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1949–76)">founding of the People's Republic</a> a modern <a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">socialist realist</a> repertoire emerged. Changde Sixian has been revitalized since the 1980s with several songs receiving national awards. The style has also attracted some international attention since a visiting performance by a Changde Sixian troupe to Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> included Changde Sixian in its first national <a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">intangible cultural heritage</a> list.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Changde has an extensive bus network with most short-distance busses within the city costing either <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a>1 or ¥1.50 depending on air-conditioning. Changde is a pedestrian friendly city with wide tree-lined avenues and streets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intercity_rail">Intercity rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Intercity rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is connected to the national passenger rail network, with connections to other Chinese cities via Changde Railway Station in Wuling district. Train tickets can be purchased at the station, before departure or once on the train. A planned high-speed Chongqing-Changsha special passenger line will connect Changde with Chongqing, Changsha and other cities along the line at 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph) once completed.<sup id="cite_ref-cqnews_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cqnews-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-govrail_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govrail-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Qianjiang-Zhangjiajie-Changde section has been approved and is expected to begin construction in 2014. The Changde-Changsha section has already begun construction.<sup id="cite_ref-govrail_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govrail-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus_rapid_transit">Bus rapid transit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bus rapid transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 26, 2012, Changde officially launched its <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> (BRT) system. As of July 2013, the BRT system in Changde has eight lines operating both inside and outside BRT roads. These include the H1 main line running from Changde Bus Station to Deshan Bus Station and seven branch lines, H11, H12, H13, H15, H16, L12, and L13 although there are a total of only 24 BRT stations in the city. The system operates on the same flat fare as the city's normal innercity bus network, charging ¥1 yuan for transit between any two stops on the line except in the summer when the fare increases to ¥1.50. Changde BRT uses <a href="/wiki/SG_Automotive" title="SG Automotive">Huanghai</a> <a href="/wiki/CNG" class="mw-redirect" title="CNG">CNG</a> busses. The stations are located in the center of the roadway.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_bike_service">Public bike service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Public bike service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Changde_Public_Bike_Rental_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Changde_Public_Bike_Rental_Station.jpg/220px-Changde_Public_Bike_Rental_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Changde_Public_Bike_Rental_Station.jpg/330px-Changde_Public_Bike_Rental_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Changde_Public_Bike_Rental_Station.jpg/440px-Changde_Public_Bike_Rental_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2783" data-file-height="1919" /></a><figcaption>One of Changde's many public bike rental stations on Renmin street.</figcaption></figure> <p>Changde also has a public bike service begun in October 2012 with 30 rental stations throughout the city and a thousand bicycles. The system has continued to expand and plans at least a 120 rental stations and 3,200 bicycles by 2015. It is the second such system to be implemented in Hunan province<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a similar bike rental program was begun in <a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a> in May 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_207" title="China National Highway 207">China National Highway 207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G55_Erenhot%E2%80%93Guangzhou_Expressway" title="G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway">G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G5513_Changsha%E2%80%93Zhangjiajie_Expressway" title="G5513 Changsha–Zhangjiajie Expressway">G5513 Changsha–Zhangjiajie Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G56_Hangzhou%E2%80%93Ruili_Expressway" title="G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway">G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Changde_Taohuayuan_Airport" title="Changde Taohuayuan Airport">Changde Taohuayuan Airport</a> (CGD) was constructed in 1958 and links Changde with several other Chinese cities including <a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport is located approximately 12.2 kilometres (7.6 mi) south of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the Yuan river has a minimum channel depth of over two meters year-round, it is navigable by thousand-ton ships. Yuanguan port in Changde is the second largest port in Hunan province covering an area of 200 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_units_of_measurement" title="Chinese units of measurement">mu</a> (13 hectares). Construction of the new port began in 1999 and the first and second stages were completed in 2008 with two thousand-ton berths, two five-hundred-ton berths and one three-hundred-ton berth. Since 2012, the port of Changde is linked directly to the port of Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Changde_Poetry_Wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Changde_Poetry_Wall.jpg/220px-Changde_Poetry_Wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Changde_Poetry_Wall.jpg/330px-Changde_Poetry_Wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Changde_Poetry_Wall.jpg/440px-Changde_Poetry_Wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2074" /></a><figcaption>Changde Poetry Wall</figcaption></figure> <p>Changde is home to several tourist attractions. A few of them are located within the city but the most important of them are in the counties outside the city. Inside the city tourist areas include Liuye Lake, Taiyang Mountain, Changde Poetry Wall, and Walking street. Liuye Lake is now a national AAA tourism area with facilities for local, national, and international sporting events such as the 8th Asian Rowing Championship. The lake is an important recreation area for the city.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside the city in Taoyuan county is the famous Taohuayuan (<span lang="zh">桃花源</span>) or "Peach Blossom Spring" in English, named after <a href="/wiki/Peach_Blossom_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Peach Blossom Spring">the fable</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tao_Yuanming" title="Tao Yuanming">Tao Yuanming</a>. The area is famous for its plentiful peach blossoms and natural scenery.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="gourmet_food">gourmet food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: gourmet food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Changde rice noodles</li> <li>Changde Sauce Salted Duck</li> <li>Changde Spicy Meat<bdi>Changde Spicy Meat</bdi></li> <li>Lotus Sausage</li> <li>Vinegar-braised Pork</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Changde is home to several institutions of higher education. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_University_of_Arts_and_Science" title="Hunan University of Arts and Science">Hunan University of Arts and Science</a>(湖南文理学院)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde_Vocational_and_Technical_College" title="Changde Vocational and Technical College">Changde Vocational and Technical College</a>(常德职业技术学院)</li> <li>Changde Financial and Economic School (<span lang="zh-Hans">常德财经学校</span>)</li> <li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:湖南应用技术学院">Hunan Applied Technology University</a>(湖南应用技术学院)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Sisi_(singer)" title="Chen Sisi (singer)">Chen Sisi</a> - Vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_Political_Work_Department_Song_and_Dance_Troupe" title="Central Military Commission Political Work Department Song and Dance Troupe">Central Military Commission Political Work Department Song and Dance Troupe</a> born in 1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Ling" title="Ding Ling">Ding Ling</a> - Modern author born in Linli county, Changde in 1904<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian_Bozan" title="Jian Bozan">Jian Bozan</a> - <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> historian born in Taoyuan county, Chandge in 1898<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Boqu" title="Lin Boqu">Lin Boqu</a> - Prominent early leader of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> born in Shujing, Linli county, Changde in 1886<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuxi" title="Liu Yuxi">Liu Yuxi</a> - famous Tang dynasty poet worked as a minor government official in Changde (then Langzhou) for nine years<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Haiyang" title="Qin Haiyang">Qin Haiyang</a> - National swimmer born in Shimen county, Changde in 1999</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Jiaoren" title="Song Jiaoren">Song Jiaoren</a> - Revolutionary political leader and founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> born in Taoyuan county, Changde in 1882<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Jianghao" title="Wu Jianghao">Wu Jianghao</a> - Diplomat and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_China_to_Japan" title="List of ambassadors of China to Japan">ambassador to Japan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Yuexin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Yuexin (page does not exist)">Wang Yuexin</a> - Chinese singer and actor<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_Er" title="Ying Er">Ying Er</a> - Actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Chunqing" title="Yuan Chunqing">Yuan Chunqing</a> - Party Chief of <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> province and former governor of <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> province born in <a href="/wiki/Hanshou_County" title="Hanshou County">Hanshou county</a>, Changde in 1952<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Xiang_(singer)" title="Xiang Xiang (singer)">Xiang Xiang</a> - Pop singer whose career began in 2004 born in Taoyuan county, Changde in 1984<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lu_(taikonaut)" title="Zhang Lu (taikonaut)">Zhang Lu</a> - <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Astronaut_Corps" title="People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps">People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps</a> astronaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Chengzhou" title="Zhou Chengzhou">Zhou Chengzhou</a> - Chinese filmmaker and Contemporary artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Zekai" title="Luo Zekai">Luo Zekai</a> - military officer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Changde is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yolo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yolo County">Yolo County</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Apaxco" title="Apaxco">Apaxco</a>, Mexico</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura" title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapura</a>, Sri Lanka</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ipswich,_Queensland" title="Ipswich, Queensland">Ipswich</a>, Australia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Higashi%C5%8Dmi" title="Higashiōmi">Higashiōmi</a>, Japan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/hunan/admin/">"China: Húnán (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%3A+H%C3%BAn%C3%A1n+%28Prefectures%2C+Cities%2C+Districts+and+Counties%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts+and+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fchina%2Fhunan%2Fadmin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChangde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%A7%C2%B7%E6%AD%A6%E9%99%B5%E6%93%82%E8%8C%B6&rft.date=2007-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftour.rednet.cn%2Fc%2F2007%2F08%2F28%2F1303797.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChangde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huaxia.com/c/2021/07/06/635574.shtml">"国家级非物质文化遗产——常德丝弦 - 非遗名录 - 华夏经纬网"</a>. <i>www.huaxia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BF%AB%E4%B9%90%E7%94%B7%E5%A3%B0%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E5%86%B3%E8%B5%9B%E7%AC%AC7%E5%90%8D%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E7%8E%8B%E6%A0%8E%E9%91%AB_%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90_%E9%87%91%E9%B9%B0%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2016-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fent.hunantv.com%2Fm%2F20081208%2F132540.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChangde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Yuan_Chunqing%7C2237">"Yuan Chunqing" <bdi lang="zh">袁纯清</bdi></a>. China Vitae<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yuan+Chunqing+%E8%A2%81%E7%BA%AF%E6%B8%85&rft.pub=China+Vitae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinavitae.com%2Fbiography%2FYuan_Chunqing%257C2237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChangde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xiami.com/artist/profile/id/2275?spm=a1z1s.6659509.6856553.1.XGWFqi"><bdi lang="zh">香香的艺人档案</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%99%E9%A6%99%E7%9A%84%E8%89%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xiami.com%2Fartist%2Fprofile%2Fid%2F2275%3Fspm%3Da1z1s.6659509.6856553.1.XGWFqi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChangde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.changde.gov.cn/lccd/sscd/yhcs">"友好城市_史说常德_柳城常德_常德市人民政府门户网站"</a>. <i>www.changde.gov.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.changde.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82_%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%B4%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7_%E6%9F%B3%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7_%E5%B8%B8%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%97%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.changde.gov.cn%2Flccd%2Fsscd%2Fyhcs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChangde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changde&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Changde#Q416544" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Changde">Changde</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.changde.gov.cn/">Government webportal of Changde</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Hunan" title="Category:Hunan">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunan#History" title="Hunan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hunan" title="Politics of Hunan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan#Economy" title="Hunan">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Hunan" title="Category:Geography of Hunan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Changsha_Metropolitan_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Changsha Metropolitan Region">Greater Changsha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_River" title="Xiang River">Xiang River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zi_River" title="Zi River">Zi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuanjiang River">Yuanjiang River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui_River" title="Lishui River">Lishui River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_Mountains" title="Wuling Mountains">Wuling Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuefeng_Mountains" title="Xuefeng Mountains">Xuefeng Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanling_Mountains" title="Nanling Mountains">Nanling Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoxiao_Mountains" title="Luoxiao Mountains">Luoxiao Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Dongting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Dongting">Lake Dongting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Hunan" title="List of universities and colleges in Hunan">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_University" title="Hunan University">Hunan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_University_of_Arts_and_Science" title="Hunan University of Arts and Science">Hunan University of Arts and Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_Normal_University" title="Hunan Normal University">Hunan Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_Agricultural_University" title="Hunan Agricultural University">Hunan Agricultural University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan#Culture" title="Hunan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hunan" title="Culture of Hunan">Culture of Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunanese_people" title="Hunanese people">Hunanese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangnan_Tuhua" title="Xiangnan Tuhua">Xiangnan Tuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Nüshu script">Nü shu writing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_embroidery" title="Xiang embroidery">Xiang embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaguxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaguxi">Huaguxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuelu_Academy" title="Yuelu Academy">Yuelu Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Army" title="Xiang Army">Xiang Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan_cuisine" title="Hunan cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_cuisine" title="Hunan cuisine">Hunan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinky_tofu" title="Stinky tofu">Stinky tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong%27an_chicken" title="Dong'an chicken">Dong'an chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongshao_rou" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongshao rou">Hongshao rou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_cha" title="Lei cha">Lei cha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_Hallelujah_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Avatar Hallelujah Mountain">Avatar Hallelujah Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Heng_(Hunan)" title="Mount Heng (Hunan)">Mount Heng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wulingyuan" title="Wulingyuan">Wulingyuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghuang_County" title="Fenghuang County">Fenghuang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Hunan" title="Category:Hunan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hunan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hunan">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Hunan_Province319" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hunan" title="Template:Hunan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hunan" title="Template talk:Hunan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hunan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hunan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Hunan_Province319" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Hunan" title="List of administrative divisions of Hunan">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Furong District">Furong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifu_District,_Changsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaifu District, Changsha">Kaifu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianxin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianxin District">Tianxin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangcheng District">Wangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuelu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuelu District">Yuelu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhua_District,_Changsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhua District, Changsha">Yuhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha_County" title="Changsha County">Changsha County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxiang" title="Ningxiang">Ningxiang city</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hetang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetang District">Hetang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukou District">Lukou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusong District">Lusong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shifeng District">Shifeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianyuan District">Tianyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaling_County" title="Chaling County">Chaling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanling_County,_Hunan" title="Yanling County, Hunan">Yanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_County" title="You County">You County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuetang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuetang District">Yuetang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhu District">Yuhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan_County" title="Xiangtan County">Xiangtan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanyue_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanyue District">Nanyue District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shigu District">Shigu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanfeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanfeng District">Yanfeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengxiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhengxiang District">Zhengxiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuhui District">Zhuhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengdong_County" title="Hengdong County">Hengdong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengnan_County" title="Hengnan County">Hengnan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshan_County" title="Hengshan County">Hengshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang_County" title="Hengyang County">Hengyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong_County" title="Qidong County">Qidong County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beita_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Beita District">Beita District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Daxiang District">Daxiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuangqing District">Shuangqing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaodong" title="Shaodong">Shaodong city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengbu_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Chengbu Miao Autonomous County">Chengbu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongkou_County" title="Dongkou County">Dongkou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhui_County" title="Longhui County">Longhui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang_County" title="Shaoyang County">Shaoyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining_County,_Hunan" title="Suining County, Hunan">Suining County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinning_County,_Hunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinning County, Hunan">Xinning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinshao_County" title="Xinshao County">Xinshao County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Junshan District">Junshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyanglou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yueyanglou District">Yueyanglou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunxi District">Yunxi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo city</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Quyuan_Management_District" title="Quyuan Management District">Quyuan Mgmt Dist</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huarong_County" title="Huarong County">Huarong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingjiang_County" title="Pingjiang County">Pingjiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyin_County" title="Xiangyin County">Xiangyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang_County" title="Yueyang County">Yueyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Changde</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingcheng District">Dingcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling District">Wuling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anxiang_County" title="Anxiang County">Anxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanshou_County" title="Hanshou County">Hanshou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_County,_Hunan" title="Li County, Hunan">Li County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linli_County" title="Linli County">Linli County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimen_County" title="Shimen County">Shimen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_County" title="Taoyuan County">Taoyuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wulingyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulingyuan District">Wulingyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongding_District,_Zhangjiajie" class="mw-redirect" title="Yongding District, Zhangjiajie">Yongding District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cili_County" title="Cili County">Cili County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangzhi_County" title="Sangzhi County">Sangzhi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heshan_District,_Yiyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heshan District, Yiyang">Heshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyang District">Ziyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhua_County" title="Anhua County">Anhua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan_County" title="Nan County">Nan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taojiang_County" title="Taojiang County">Taojiang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beihu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Beihu District">Beihu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suxian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suxian District">Suxian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anren_County" title="Anren County">Anren County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidong_County" title="Guidong County">Guidong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang_County" title="Guiyang County">Guiyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiahe_County" title="Jiahe County">Jiahe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linwu_County" title="Linwu County">Linwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rucheng_County" title="Rucheng County">Rucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizhang_County" title="Yizhang County">Yizhang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongxing_County" title="Yongxing County">Yongxing County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuitan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lengshuitan District">Lengshuitan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingling District">Lingling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyang" title="Qiyang">Qiyang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_County" title="Dao County">Dao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong%27an_County" title="Dong'an County">Dong'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianghua_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Jianghua Yao Autonomous County"> Jianghua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyong_County" title="Jiangyong County">Jiangyong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanshan_County" title="Lanshan County">Lanshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningyuan_County" title="Ningyuan County">Ningyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangpai_County" title="Shuangpai County">Shuangpai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintian_County" title="Xintian County">Xintian County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hecheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecheng District">Hecheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang city</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang_District" title="Hongjiang District">Hongjiang Mgmt Dist</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenxi_County" title="Chenxi County">Chenxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huitong_County" title="Huitong County">Huitong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_County" title="Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County">Jingzhou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayang_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Mayang Miao Autonomous County">Mayang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongdao_Dong_Autonomous_County" title="Tongdao Dong Autonomous County">Tongdao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhuang_Dong_Autonomous_County" title="Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County">Xinhuang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xupu_County" title="Xupu County">Xupu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanling_County" title="Yuanling County">Yuanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang_Dong_Autonomous_County" title="Zhijiang Dong Autonomous County">Zhijiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongfang_County" title="Zhongfang County">Zhongfang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louxing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Louxing District">Louxing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangfeng_County" title="Shuangfeng County">Shuangfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_County" title="Xinhua County">Xinhua County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefecture" title="Autonomous prefecture">Autonomous prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Xiangxi56" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baojing_County" title="Baojing County">Baojing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghuang_County" title="Fenghuang County">Fenghuang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzhang_County" title="Guzhang County">Guzhang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayuan_County" title="Huayuan County">Huayuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshan_County" title="Longshan County">Longshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxi_County,_Hunan" title="Luxi County, Hunan">Luxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongshun_County" title="Yongshun County">Yongshun County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416544#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata619" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416544#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata619" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416544#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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