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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Preparation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Preparation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Preparation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Temperature_and_la_religieuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperature_and_la_religieuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Temperature and <i>la religieuse</i></span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>French</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Italian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prepared_convenience_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prepared_convenience_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Prepared convenience food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prepared_convenience_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumption_and_etiquette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumption_and_etiquette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Consumption and etiquette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumption_and_etiquette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fondue</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88" title="فوندو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فوندو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8E" title="Фандзю – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фандзю" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8E" title="Фондю – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фондю" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fond%C3%BC%C3%BC" title="Fondüü – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fondüü" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8D" title="Φοντύ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φοντύ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonduo" title="Fonduo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fonduo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88" title="فوندو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فوندو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%90%81%EB%92%A4" title="퐁뒤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퐁뒤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ֆոնդյու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆոնդյու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonduta" title="Fonduta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fonduta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95" title="פונדו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פונדו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82" title="ಫ಼ಾಂಡ್ಯೂ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ಼ಾಂಡ್ಯೂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3" title="ფონდუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფონდუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8E" title="Фондю – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фондю" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondiu" title="Fondiu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fondiu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5" title="フォンデュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォンデュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondy" title="Fondy – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fondy" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="فونڈیو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فونڈیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8E" title="Фондю – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фондю" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondi" title="Fondi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fondi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Фонди – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фонди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondi_(hrana)" title="Fondi (hrana) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fondi (hrana)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fondue" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟงดูว์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" 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href="/wiki/Fondant_icing" title="Fondant icing">fondant icing</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: italic;">Fondue</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fondue_dish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Fondue_dish.jpg/250px-Fondue_dish.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Fondue_dish.jpg/375px-Fondue_dish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Fondue_dish.jpg/500px-Fondue_dish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Cheese fondue and bread cubes</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Main_course" title="Main course">Main course</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">Cheeses</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">white wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, often <a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">kirsch</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fondue" class="extiw" title="commons:Fondue">Media: Fondue</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fondue</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/dj/: 'd' in 'dew'">dj</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">FON</span>-dew</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dj/: 'd' in 'dew'">dj</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">fon-<span style="font-size:90%">DEW</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[fɔ̃dy]</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Swiss Standard German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-CH-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[fɔ̃ːˈdyː]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f8\/De-Fondue.ogg\/De-Fondue.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Fondue.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/De-Fondue.ogg/De-Fondue.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Fondue.ogg" title="File:De-Fondue.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">fonduta</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dish of melted <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> served in a communal pot (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Caquelon" title="Caquelon">caquelon</a></i></span> or fondue pot) over a <a href="/wiki/Portable_stove" title="Portable stove">portable stove</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">réchaud</i></span>) heated with a candle or <a href="/wiki/Chafing_fuel" title="Chafing fuel">spirit lamp</a>, and eaten by dipping <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a> or other foods into the cheese using long-stemmed forks. It was promoted as a Swiss <a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">national dish</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Cheese_Union" title="Swiss Cheese Union">Swiss Cheese Union</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schweizerische Käseunion</i></span>) in the 1930s, and was popularized in North America in the 1960s. </p><p>Since the 1950s, the term "fondue" has been <a href="/wiki/List_of_fondues" title="List of fondues">generalized to other dishes</a> in which a food is dipped into a communal pot of liquid kept hot in a fondue pot: chocolate fondue, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">fondue au chocolat</i></span>, in which pieces of fruit or pastry<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> are dipped into a melted chocolate mixture, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">fondue bourguignonne</i></span>, in which pieces of meat are cooked in hot oil, and <i>fondue chinoise</i>, in which pieces of meat are cooked in hot broth. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">fondue</i></span> is the feminine <a href="/wiki/Participle" title="Participle">passive past participle</a>, used as a noun, of the French verb <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">fondre</i></span> 'to melt', and thus means 'melted'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is first attested in French in 1735, in <a href="/wiki/Vincent_La_Chapelle" title="Vincent La Chapelle">Vincent La Chapelle</a>'s <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Cuisinier moderne</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-la_chapelle_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-la_chapelle-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in English in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fonduerezept_1699.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Fonduerezept_1699.png/220px-Fonduerezept_1699.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Fonduerezept_1699.png/330px-Fonduerezept_1699.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Fonduerezept_1699.png/440px-Fonduerezept_1699.png 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="1202" /></a><figcaption>Recipe „Käß mit wein zu kochen“ of the Koch-Buch by Anna Margaretha Gessner born Kitt from 1699</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest known recipe for the modern form of cheese fondue comes from a 1699 book published in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, under the name "Käss mit Wein zu kochen" 'to cook cheese with wine'.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It calls for grated or cut-up cheese to be melted with wine, and for bread to be dipped in it. </p><p>However, the <i>name</i> "cheese fondue", until the late 19th century, referred to a dish composed of eggs and cheese, as in la Chapelle's 1735 <i>Fonduë de Fromage, aux Truffes Fraiches</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-la_chapelle_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-la_chapelle-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was something between <a href="/wiki/Scrambled_eggs" title="Scrambled eggs">scrambled eggs</a> with cheese and a cheese <a href="/wiki/Souffl%C3%A9" title="Soufflé">soufflé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brillat-Savarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Brillat-Savarin">Brillat-Savarin</a> wrote in 1834 that it is "nothing other than scrambled eggs with cheese".<sup id="cite_ref-brillat-savarin_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brillat-savarin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variations included cream ("à la genevoise") and truffles ("à la piémontaise") in addition to eggs, as well as what is now called "<a href="/wiki/Raclette" title="Raclette">raclette</a>" ("fondue valaisanne").<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first known recipe for the modern cheese fondue under that name, with cheese and wine but no eggs, was published in 1875, and was already presented as a Swiss <a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">national dish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its modern associations with rustic mountain life, it was a town-dweller's dish from the lowlands of western, <a href="/wiki/Romandy#French" title="Romandy">French-speaking</a>, Switzerland: rich cheese like Gruyère was a valuable <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">export item</a> which peasants could not afford to eat.<sup id="cite_ref-muhieddine_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muhieddine-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Corn_starch" title="Corn starch">corn starch</a> to Switzerland in 1905, it became easier to make a smooth and stable <a href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">emulsion</a> of the wine and cheese, and this probably helped contribute to the success of fondue.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fondue was popularized as a Swiss national dish by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Cheese_Union" title="Swiss Cheese Union">Swiss Cheese Union</a> (Schweizerische Käseunion) in the 1930s as a way of increasing cheese consumption. The Swiss Cheese Union also created pseudo-regional recipes as part of the "spiritual defence of Switzerland".<sup id="cite_ref-raboud_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raboud-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> rationing ended, the Swiss Cheese Union continued its marketing campaign, sending fondue sets to military regiments and event organizers across Switzerland. Fondue is now a symbol of Swiss unity.<sup id="cite_ref-raboud_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raboud-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fondue is also often associated with mountains and winter sports.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, fondue continued to be promoted aggressively in Switzerland, with slogans like "La fondue crée la bonne humeur" 'fondue creates a good mood' and (1981, in <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a>) "Fondue isch guet und git e gueti Luune" 'fondue is good and creates a good mood' – abbreviated as "figugegl".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fondue was promoted to Americans at the Swiss Pavilion's Alpine restaurant at the <a href="/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1964 New York World's Fair">1964 New York World's Fair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>A fondue party can be great fun </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">"<a href="/wiki/Betty_Crocker" title="Betty Crocker">Betty Crocker</a>", 1970<sup id="cite_ref-sitwell_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sitwell-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Fondue was popular in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, along with other foods made in <a href="/wiki/Chafing_dish" title="Chafing dish">chafing dishes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sitwell_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sitwell-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The extension of the name "fondue" to other dishes served in a communal hot pot dates to 1950s New York. Konrad Egli, a Swiss restaurateur, introduced <i>fondue bourguignonne</i> at his Chalet Suisse restaurant in 1956. In the mid-1960s, he invented chocolate fondue as part of a <a href="/wiki/Promotion_(marketing)" title="Promotion (marketing)">promotion</a> for <a href="/wiki/Toblerone" title="Toblerone">Toblerone</a> chocolate.<sup id="cite_ref-lovegren_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lovegren-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Full_cheese_fondue_set_-_in_Switzerland.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Full_cheese_fondue_set_-_in_Switzerland.JPG/250px-Full_cheese_fondue_set_-_in_Switzerland.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Full_cheese_fondue_set_-_in_Switzerland.JPG/330px-Full_cheese_fondue_set_-_in_Switzerland.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Full_cheese_fondue_set_-_in_Switzerland.JPG/500px-Full_cheese_fondue_set_-_in_Switzerland.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Fondue with common accompaniments in a Swiss restaurant: bread for dipping, <a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">kirsch</a>, raw <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, pickled <a href="/wiki/Gherkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Gherkins">gherkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onions" class="mw-redirect" title="Onions">onions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olives" class="mw-redirect" title="Olives">olives</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cheese fondue consists of a blend of cheeses, wine, and seasoning, although there are many variations, such as using beer rather than wine.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, the <i><a href="/wiki/Caquelon" title="Caquelon">caquelon</a></i> is rubbed with a cut <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a> clove, <a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">white wine</a> is added and heated with cornstarch, and then grated cheese is added and gently stirred until melted, although in practice all the ingredients can be combined and heated together at once. Some <a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">kirsch</a> is often added. Fondue is very easy to prepare, even in large quantities.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cornstarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornstarch">cornstarch</a> or other starch stabilizes and thickens the mixture. Additional wine may be added if the fondue is too thick; its <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> decrease the fondue's <a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">viscosity</a>. A fondue can curdle if the protein separates from the fat, which is usually the result of not enough liquid in the mixture and an insufficiently acid mixture, so lemon juice is sometimes added.<sup id="cite_ref-Bertsch2019_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bertsch2019-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temperature_and_la_religieuse">Temperature and <i>la religieuse</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Temperature and la religieuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A cheese fondue mixture should be kept warm enough to keep the fondue smooth and liquid but not so hot that it burns. If this temperature is held until the fondue is finished there will be a thin crust of toasted (not burnt) cheese at the bottom of the <i>caquelon</i>. This is called <i>la religieuse</i> (French for <i>the nun</i>). It has the texture of a cracker and is almost always lifted out and eaten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swiss">Swiss</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Swiss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swiss_Cheese.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Swiss_Cheese.jpg/220px-Swiss_Cheese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Swiss_Cheese.jpg/330px-Swiss_Cheese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Swiss_Cheese.jpg/440px-Swiss_Cheese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3563" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vacherin_Fribourgeois" title="Vacherin Fribourgeois">Vacherin Fribourgeois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_cheese" title="Gruyère cheese">Gruyère</a> are commonly used for fondue.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Convenience_fondue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Convenience_fondue.jpg/220px-Convenience_fondue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Convenience_fondue.jpg/330px-Convenience_fondue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Convenience_fondue.jpg/440px-Convenience_fondue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1657" data-file-height="1243" /></a><figcaption>Ready fondues sold in a Japanese supermarket</figcaption></figure> <p>The regional names used for some of these variants are <a href="/wiki/Invented_tradition" title="Invented tradition">factitious</a>, and do not reflect genuine regional traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-raboud_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raboud-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaudoise</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruyère (cheese)">Gruyère</a>.</li> <li>Fribourgeoise, from <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vacherin_Fribourgeois" title="Vacherin Fribourgeois">Vacherin Fribourgeois</a> à fondue,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wherein potatoes are often dipped instead of bread. This is the only cheese fondue that does not use wine. The cheese is melted in a few tablespoons of water over low heat.<sup id="cite_ref-alb_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alb-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Moitié-moitié (or half and half), also called Fondue Suisse: <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruyère (cheese)">Gruyère</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vacherin_Fribourgeois" title="Vacherin Fribourgeois">Vacherin Fribourgeois</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâteloise</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruyère (cheese)">Gruyère</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmental_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmental (cheese)">Emmental</a> (sometimes referred to as the original or traditional fondue).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Innerschweiz: <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruyère (cheese)">Gruyère</a>, Emmental, and <a href="/wiki/Sbrinz" title="Sbrinz">Sbrinz</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Genevoise</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruyère (cheese)">Gruyère</a> (preferably of several stages of maturity) with a little Emmentaler and Valais cheese. Sometimes chopped sautéed <a href="/wiki/Morel" class="mw-redirect" title="Morel">morels</a> are added.<sup id="cite_ref-alb_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alb-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Interlaken: <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruyère (cheese)">Gruyère</a>, Appenzeller, Emmental.</li> <li>Appenzeller: <a href="/wiki/Appenzeller_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Appenzeller (cheese)">Appenzeller</a> cheese with cream added.</li> <li>Tomato: <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruyère (cheese)">Gruyère</a>, Emmental, crushed <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>, and wine.</li> <li>Spicy: <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruyère (cheese)">Gruyère</a>, red and green peppers, with <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili</a>.</li> <li>Mushroom: <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruyère (cheese)">Gruyère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vacherin_Fribourgeois" title="Vacherin Fribourgeois">Vacherin Fribourgeois</a>, and mushrooms.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French">French</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Savoyarde: two or three different cheeses including <a href="/wiki/Beaufort_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaufort (cheese)">Beaufort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abondance_cheese" title="Abondance cheese">Abondance</a> or French equivalent of <a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_cheese" title="Gruyère cheese">Gruyère</a> or <a href="/wiki/Emmental_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmental (cheese)">Emmental</a>.</li> <li>Jurassienne: Mature or mild Comté.</li> <li>Auvergnate: <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nectaire" title="Saint-Nectaire">Saint-Nectaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantal_cheese" title="Cantal cheese">Cantal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fourme_d%27Ambert" title="Fourme d'Ambert">Fourme d'Ambert</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian">Italian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Italian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Valdôtaine (French: <i lang="fr">fondue à la valdôtaine</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian: <i lang="it">fonduta alla valdostana</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fontina_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Fontina cheese">Fontina</a>, milk, and eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Fonduta piemontese</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prepared_convenience_food">Prepared convenience food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Prepared convenience food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Refrigerated fondue blends are sold in most Swiss supermarkets as <a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">convenience food</a> and need little more than melting in the caquelon. Individual portions heatable in a <a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">microwave oven</a> are also sold. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consumption_and_etiquette">Consumption and etiquette</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Consumption and etiquette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vive_la_Fondue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vive_la_Fondue.jpg/250px-Vive_la_Fondue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vive_la_Fondue.jpg/330px-Vive_la_Fondue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vive_la_Fondue.jpg/500px-Vive_la_Fondue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3576" data-file-height="3209" /></a><figcaption>Close-up view of bread being dipped in melted cheese</figcaption></figure> <p>Fondue is eaten by spearing a piece of bread on a fork, swirling it in the pot, and putting it into the mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some writers recommend that the dipping fork be used only to transport the food from the pot to one's plate, not to eat from.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Losing a piece of bread in the caquelon is said to be penalized by buying a round of drinks, singing a song, or running around in the snow naked.<sup id="cite_ref-lovegren_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lovegren-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is parodied in <i><a href="/wiki/Asterix_in_Switzerland" title="Asterix in Switzerland">Asterix in Switzerland</a></i>, where a character is sentenced to be drowned in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a> after losing his third piece of bread.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other fondue etiquette rules include 'always stirring in a figure of 8', 'not scratching the bottom of the caquelon with a fork that has no side on it' and 'adding an egg and <a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">kirsch</a> schnapps to the caquelon when the cheese is almost finished'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are various recommendations on the choice of accompanying beverage: some say white wine, others specify black tea. Some drink spirits during or after the meal, which supposedly helps digestion. Indeed, alcohol may provide short-term relief, but overall, it delays gastric emptying and prolongs perceived fullness.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delayed, strong feeling of fullness after eating fondue may be caused by phase separation in the stomach, the cheese fat initially floating in the stomach not being released into the <a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a>, delaying fat sensing and satiation.<sup id="cite_ref-Bertsch2019_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bertsch2019-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/28px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/56px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fondues" title="List of fondues">List of fondues</a> – other dishes inspired from fondue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagna_c%C3%A0uda" title="Bagna càuda">Bagna càuda</a> – a similar <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>–based Northern Italian dish</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dip_(food)#List_of_common_dips" class="mw-redirect" title="Dip (food)">List of dips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_pot" title="Hot pot">Hot pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bread_dishes" title="List of bread dishes">List of bread dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cheese_dishes" title="List of cheese dishes">List of cheese dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cheese_soups" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cheese soups">List of cheese soups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raclette" title="Raclette">Raclette</a> – another popular Swiss melted cheese dish</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/fondue">fondue</a>, collinsdictionary.com, retrieved 12 November 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/europe/switzerland/articles/a-brief-history-of-cheese-fondue">A Brief History of Cheese Fondue</a>, theculturetrip.com, retrieved 31 October 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182551/https://www.lexico.com/definition/fondue">"fondue"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/fondue">the original</a> on 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=fondue&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Ffondue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFondue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Reference-AHD-fondue" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=fondue">"fondue"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=fondue&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dfondue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFondue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.britannica.com/topic/fondue">Fondue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, global.britannica.com, retrieved 12 November 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9sor_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Trésor de la langue française">Trésor de la langue française</a></i>, <i>s.v.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/fondue/substantif"><i>fondue</i></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/fondue/verbe"><i>fondre</i>, etymology section B.3.a</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-la_chapelle-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-la_chapelle_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-la_chapelle_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vincent la Chapelle, <i>Le cuisinier moderne</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYYEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA220">p. 220</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oed_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>, Second edition, 1989; online version November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/Entry/72616"><i>s.v.</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kochbuch der Anna Margaretha Gessner</i>, 1699, cited by Albert Hauser, <i>Vom Essen und Trinken im alten Zürich</i>, cited by Isabelle Raboud-Schüle, "Comment la fondue vint aux Suisses", <i>Annales fribourgeoises</i> 72:101–112 (2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prosper Montagne, <i>Larousse Gastronomique</i>, 1938, p. 483, quoted in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodfaq1.html#fondue">Food Timeline FAQ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brillat-savarin-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brillat-savarin_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ce n'est autre chose que des œufs brouillés au fromage", Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, <i>Physiologie du goût</i>, 1834, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hpFLAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA336">p.336-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Favre" title="Joseph Favre">Joseph Favre</a>, <i>Dictionnaire universel de Cuisine</i>, Paris 1894, cited by Raboud-Schüle, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis Favre, <i>L'habitation—le vêtement—les aliments. Manuel d'économie domestique à l'usage des écoles secondaires et primaires supérieures</i>, Neuchâtel 1875, cited by Raboud-Schüle, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muhieddine-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-muhieddine_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fabian Muhieddine, "La fondue: un coup marketing de 1930!", <i>Le Matin.ch</i>, reporting on a lecture by Isabelle Raboud-Schüle <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lematin.ch/actu/suisse/fondue-coup-marketing-1930-43840">full text</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raboud-Schüle, p. 4-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raboud-Schüle, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-raboud-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-raboud_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-raboud_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-raboud_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isabelle Raboud-Schüle, director of the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_gru%C3%A9rien" title="Musée gruérien">Musée gruérien</a>, interview "History of Cheese Fondue" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100720131727/http://blog.swisster.com/food_corner/page/2/">"A Matter of Taste - Part 2"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.swisster.com/food_corner/page/2/">the original</a> on 20 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Matter+of+Taste+-+Part+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.swisster.com%2Ffood_corner%2Fpage%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFondue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Public Radio, "The Fondue Conspiracy", <i>Planet Money</i> <b>575</b> (10 October 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2014/10/10/355177578/episode-575-the-fondue-conspiracy">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker,_Harlan2000" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Harlan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tuor2vcVtiQC"><i>Milk: Beyond the Dairy : Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1999</i></a>. Oxford Symposium. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781903018064" title="Special:BookSources/9781903018064"><bdi>9781903018064</bdi></a>. <q>Fondue has with some justification been described as the national dish of Switzerland and has become an essential feature of winter-sport holidays even beyond this country's borders.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milk%3A+Beyond+the+Dairy+%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Oxford+Symposium+on+Food+and+Cookery+1999&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Oxford+Symposium&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781903018064&rft.au=Walker%2C+Harlan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtuor2vcVtiQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFondue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raboud-Schüle, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence R. Samuel, <i>End of the Innocence: The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair</i>, p. 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sitwell-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sitwell_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sitwell_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Sitwell, <i>A History of Food in 100 Recipes</i>, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0316229970" title="Special:BookSources/0316229970">0316229970</a>, p. 273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lovegren-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lovegren_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lovegren_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sylvia Lovegren, <i>Fashionable Food: Seven Decades of Food Fads</i>, pp. 240-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.swissmilk.ch/de/rezepte-kochideen/rezepte/SM2019_DIVE_06/bierfondue/">https://www.swissmilk.ch/de/rezepte-kochideen/rezepte/SM2019_DIVE_06/bierfondue/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Swiss Army recipe for 100: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwiss_Army2005" class="citation web cs1">Swiss Army (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.protection-civile.ch/documents/telechargement/armee-suisse-293-0041-livre-de-recettes-de-cuisine.pdf">"Recettes de cuisine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.protection-civile.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.protection-civile.ch&rft.atitle=Recettes+de+cuisine&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Swiss+Army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.protection-civile.ch%2Fdocuments%2Ftelechargement%2Farmee-suisse-293-0041-livre-de-recettes-de-cuisine.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFondue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bertsch2019-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bertsch2019_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bertsch2019_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBertschSavoraniFischer2019" class="citation journal cs1">Bertsch, Pascal; Savorani, Laura; Fischer, Peter (14 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6648832">"Rheology of Swiss Cheese Fondue"</a>. <i>ACS Omega</i>. <b>4</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1103–</span>1109. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facsomega.8b02424">10.1021/acsomega.8b02424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6648832">6648832</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31459386">31459386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+Omega&rft.atitle=Rheology+of+Swiss+Cheese+Fondue&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1103-%3C%2Fspan%3E1109&rft.date=2019-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6648832%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31459386&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facsomega.8b02424&rft.aulast=Bertsch&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rft.au=Savorani%2C+Laura&rft.au=Fischer%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6648832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFondue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Davidson, ed., <i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i>, 2014 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1996-7733-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1996-7733-7">978-0-1996-7733-7</a>: "<i>Vacherin fribourgeois</i> exists in two forms, <i>vacherin à fondue</i>, used for making fondue and <i>vacherin à main</i>, a dessert cheese."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alb-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alb_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alb_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heidi and Gerhold Albonico (1972) <i>Schweizer Tafelfreuden</i> Vol. 1, Silva-Verlag, Zürich (German) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32640608">32640608</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBilderback,_Leslie2008" class="citation book cs1">Bilderback, Leslie (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Iu7TcHJPDQC"><i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to Good Food from the Good Book</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781436212830" title="Special:BookSources/9781436212830"><bdi>9781436212830</bdi></a>. <q>Traditionally, fondue is made with Emmentaler, a very mild Swiss cheese, and Gruyère, a very pungent Swiss cheese.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+Good+Food+from+the+Good+Book&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781436212830&rft.au=Bilderback%2C+Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Iu7TcHJPDQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFondue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://cuisine.aufeminin.com/forum/recette-de-la-fondue-auvergnate-fd3920035">http://cuisine.aufeminin.com/forum/recette-de-la-fondue-auvergnate-fd3920035</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travelwithfranco.blogspot.it/2012/12/gressoney-la-trinite-val-daosta-italy.html">1</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theflintstones.it/public/phpbb3/upload_doc/saveur_en_musique.pdf">2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aosta.italiani.it/scopricitta/fonduta-valdostana/">"La ricetta tradizionale della celebre fonduta valdostana"</a>. <i>itAosta</i> (in Italian). 19 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=itAosta&rft.atitle=La+ricetta+tradizionale+della+celebre+fonduta+valdostana&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faosta.italiani.it%2Fscopricitta%2Ffonduta-valdostana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFondue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fred Kemer, <i>Fabulous Fondues: Appetizers, Main Courses, and Desserts</i>, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0806954892" title="Special:BookSources/0806954892">0806954892</a>, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellen Brown, <i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to Fondues and Hot Dips</i>, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoscinnyUderzo1970" class="citation book cs1">Goscinny, René; Uderzo, Albert (1970). <i>Asterix in Switzerland</i>. Orion Children's Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0752866354" title="Special:BookSources/0752866354"><bdi>0752866354</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asterix+in+Switzerland&rft.pub=Orion+Children%27s+Books&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0752866354&rft.aulast=Goscinny&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft.au=Uderzo%2C+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFondue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenriette_HeinrichOliver_GoetzeDieter_MennePeter_X_Iten2010" class="citation journal cs1">Henriette Heinrich; Oliver Goetze; Dieter Menne; Peter X Iten; Heiko Fruehauf; Stephan R Vavricka; Werner Schwizer; Michael Fried; Mark Fox (December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272707">"Effect on gastric function and symptoms of drinking wine, black tea, or schnapps with a Swiss cheese fondue: randomised controlled crossover trial"</a>. <i>BMJ</i>. <b>341</b>: c6731. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.c6731">10.1136/bmj.c6731</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272707">3272707</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21156747">21156747</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Effect+on+gastric+function+and+symptoms+of+drinking+wine%2C+black+tea%2C+or+schnapps+with+a+Swiss+cheese+fondue%3A+randomised+controlled+crossover+trial&rft.volume=341&rft.pages=c6731&rft.date=2010-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3272707%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21156747&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.c6731&rft.au=Henriette+Heinrich&rft.au=Oliver+Goetze&rft.au=Dieter+Menne&rft.au=Peter+X+Iten&rft.au=Heiko+Fruehauf&rft.au=Stephan+R+Vavricka&rft.au=Werner+Schwizer&rft.au=Michael+Fried&rft.au=Mark+Fox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3272707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFondue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondue&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lebendigetraditionen.ch/traditionen/00112/index.html?lang=en">Fondue as a social event</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203194728/http://www.lebendigetraditionen.ch/traditionen/00112/index.html?lang=en">Archived</a> 2015-02-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Isabelle Raboud-Schüle, "Comment la fondue vint aux Suisses", <i>Annales fribourgeoises</i> 72:101–112 (2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helvetiq.com/swiss-fondue-en">Swiss Fondue - The fine art of fondue in 52 tasty recipes</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" 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italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fondue" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fondue">Fondue</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/bon-appetit-europe-part-1/av-18972724">Bon Appetit Europe</a>, Section 19:25 to 26:00 of the episode, Series: <i>Bon Appetit Europe</i>, Part 1, <a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">DW-TV</a> 12 January 2016, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYlTmGGgZDM">also on YouTube (cut section only)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valais.ch/en/information/landingpage/recipes/fondue-with-dried-meat-crumble">Fondue with dried meat crumble, Haute Fondue, Helvetiq, Valais/Wallis Promotion</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsshVPn-TyU">also on YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aligot" title="Aligot">Aligot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alivenci" title="Alivenci">Alivenci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almogrote" title="Almogrote">Almogrote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84lplermagronen" title="Älplermagronen">Älplermagronen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_cheese_crisp" title="Arizona cheese crisp">Arizona cheese crisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_potato" title="Baked potato">Baked potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_and_cream_cheese" title="Bagel and cream cheese">Bagel and cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barfi" title="Barfi">Barfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_cheese_(spread)" title="Beer cheese (spread)">Beer cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryndzov%C3%A9_halu%C5%A1ky" title="Bryndzové halušky">Bryndzové halušky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzone" title="Calzone">Calzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonara" title="Carbonara">Carbonara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauliflower_cheese" title="Cauliflower cheese">Cauliflower cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervelle_de_canut" title="Cervelle de canut">Cervelle de canut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_and_crackers" title="Cheese and crackers">Cheese and crackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_ball_(hors_d%27oeuvre)" title="Cheese ball (hors d'oeuvre)">Cheese ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_bun" title="Cheese bun">Cheese bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_fries" title="Cheese fries">Cheese fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_on_toast" title="Cheese on toast">Cheese on toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_pudding" title="Cheese pudding">Cheese pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_puffs" title="Cheese puffs">Cheese puffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_roll" title="Cheese roll">Cheese roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_slaw" title="Cheese slaw">Cheese slaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_spread" title="Cheese spread">Cheese spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesecake" title="Cheesecake">Cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A8vre_chaud" title="Chèvre chaud">Chèvre chaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhena_gaja" title="Chhena gaja">Chhena gaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhena_jalebi" title="Chhena jalebi">Chhena jalebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhena_kheeri" title="Chhena kheeri">Chhena kheeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhena_poda" title="Chhena poda">Chhena poda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicharron_de_queso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chicharron de queso (page does not exist)">Chicharron de queso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_con_queso" title="Chile con queso">Chile con queso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curd_snack" title="Curd snack">Curd snack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fondue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frico" title="Frico">Frico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_cheese" title="Fried cheese">Fried cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frito_pie" title="Frito pie">Frito pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goug%C3%A8re" title="Gougère">Gougère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratin" title="Gratin">Gratin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujia">Gujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_jamun" title="Gulab jamun">Gulab jamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauskyjza" title="Hauskyjza">Hauskyjza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insalata_Caprese" class="mw-redirect" title="Insalata Caprese">Insalata Caprese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o_popper" title="Jalapeño popper">Jalapeño popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaasstengels" title="Kaasstengels">Kaasstengels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasseropita" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasseropita">Kasseropita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khira_sagara" title="Khira sagara">Khira sagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasagna" title="Lasagna">Lasagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_varenyky" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazy varenyky">Lazy varenyky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liptauer" title="Liptauer">Liptauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_and_cheese" title="Macaroni and cheese">Macaroni and cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_schotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaroni schotel">Macaroni schotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machas_a_la_parmesana" title="Machas a la parmesana">Machas a la parmesana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malakoff_(food)" title="Malakoff (food)">Malakoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattar_paneer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattar paneer">Mattar paneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">Meatloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moretum" title="Moretum">Moretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mornay_sauce" title="Mornay sauce">Mornay sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzarella_sticks" title="Mozzarella sticks">Mozzarella sticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mote_de_queso" title="Mote de queso">Mote de queso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachos" title="Nachos">Nachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obatzda" title="Obatzda">Obatzda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostkaka" title="Ostkaka">Ostkaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papana%C8%99i" title="Papanași">Papanași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmigiana" title="Parmigiana">Parmigiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasc%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Pască">Pască</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paskha" title="Paskha">Paskha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(food)" title="Pastel (food)">Pastel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pastel_(Brazilian_food)" title="Pastel (Brazilian food)">Brazilian version</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastizz" title="Pastizz">Pastizz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peda" title="Peda">Peda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperoni_roll" title="Pepperoni roll">Pepperoni roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimento_cheese" title="Pimento cheese">Pimento cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polpettone_di_melanzane" title="Polpettone di melanzane">Polpettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poulet_au_fromage" title="Poulet au fromage">Poulet au fromage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poutine" title="Poutine">Poutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provoleta" title="Provoleta">Provoleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarkk%C3%A4ulchen" title="Quarkkäulchen">Quarkkäulchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesadilla" title="Quesadilla">Quesadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesito" title="Quesito">Quesito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queso_flameado" title="Queso flameado">Queso flameado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queso_ice_cream" title="Queso ice cream">Queso ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raclette" title="Raclette">Raclette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_malai" title="Ras malai">Ras malai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasabali" title="Rasabali">Rasabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasgulla" title="Rasgulla">Rasgulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saganaki" title="Saganaki">Saganaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandesh_(confectionery)" title="Sandesh (confectionery)">Sandesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_paneer" title="Shahi paneer">Shahi paneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sma%C5%BEen%C3%BD_s%C3%BDr" title="Smažený sýr">Smažený sýr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanakopita" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanakopita">Spanakopita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(food)" title="Stromboli (food)">Stromboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers" title="Stuffed peppers">Stuffed peppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppl%C3%AC" title="Supplì">Supplì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrniki" title="Syrniki">Syrniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirokafteri" title="Tirokafteri">Tirokafteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiropita" title="Tiropita">Tiropita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAr%C3%B3_Rudi" title="Túró Rudi">Túró Rudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAr%C3%B3s_csusza" title="Túrós csusza">Túrós csusza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urnebes" title="Urnebes">Urnebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatrushka" title="Vatrushka">Vatrushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_rarebit" title="Welsh rarebit">Welsh rarebit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwiches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacon,_egg_and_cheese_sandwich" title="Bacon, egg and cheese sandwich">Bacon, egg and cheese sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_sandwich" title="Breakfast sandwich">Breakfast sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrozza_(sandwich)" title="Carrozza (sandwich)">Carrozza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_dog" title="Cheese dog">Cheese dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_dream" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheese dream">Cheese dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_sandwich" title="Cheese sandwich">Cheese sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_and_pickle_sandwich" title="Cheese and pickle sandwich">Cheese and pickle sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheeseburger" title="Cheeseburger">Cheeseburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesesteak" title="Cheesesteak">Cheesesteak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croissan%27Wich" class="mw-redirect" title="Croissan'Wich">Croissan'Wich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croque_monsieur" title="Croque monsieur">Croque monsieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_sandwich" title="Cuban sandwich">Cuban sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagwood_sandwich" title="Dagwood sandwich">Dagwood sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grilled_cheese" title="Grilled cheese">Grilled cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_and_cheese_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham and cheese sandwich">Ham and cheese sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jucy_Lucy" title="Jucy Lucy">Jucy/Juicy Lucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMuffin" title="McMuffin">McMuffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristo_sandwich" title="Monte Cristo sandwich">Monte Cristo sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_melt" title="Patty melt">Patty melt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_sandwich" title="Reuben sandwich">Reuben sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_bakar" title="Roti bakar">Roti bakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ndwich_de_miga" title="Sándwich de miga">Sándwich de miga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub sandwich">Sub sandwich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisine_and_foods_of_Switzerland426" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisine_of_Switzerland" title="Template:Cuisine of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Cuisine of Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine_of_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine of Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisine_and_foods_of_Switzerland426" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Cuisine and foods of Switzerland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foods by type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Switzerland" title="Beer in Switzerland">Beer</a></li> <li>Bread <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_breads" title="List of Swiss breads">list of breads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cheeses_and_dairy_products" title="Swiss cheeses and dairy products">Cheeses and dairy products</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cheeses" title="List of Swiss cheeses">list of cheeses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut_production_in_Switzerland" title="Chestnut production in Switzerland">Chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_chocolate" title="Swiss chocolate">Chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_production_in_Switzerland" title="Olive production in Switzerland">Olive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Switzerland" title="Fishing industry in Switzerland">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_sausages_and_cured_meats" title="Swiss sausages and cured meats">Sausages and cured meats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_wine" title="Swiss wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Appellation_d%27origine_prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9e_(Switzerland)" title="Appellation d'origine protégée (Switzerland)">AOP and IGP products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berner_Alpk%C3%A4se" title="Berner Alpkäse">Berner Alpkäse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnerfleisch" title="Bündnerfleisch">Bündnerfleisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damassine" title="Damassine">Damassine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmental_cheese" title="Emmental cheese">Emmentaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Etivaz" title="L'Etivaz">L'Etivaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruy%C3%A8re_cheese" title="Gruyère cheese">Gruyère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_de_seigle_valaisan" title="Pain de seigle valaisan">Pain de seigle valaisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raclette_du_Valais" title="Raclette du Valais">Raclette du Valais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sbrinz" title="Sbrinz">Sbrinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Galler_Bratwurst" title="St. Galler Bratwurst">St. Galler Bratwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAte_de_Moine" title="Tête de Moine">Tête de Moine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacherin_Fribourgeois" title="Vacherin Fribourgeois">Vacherin Fribourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacherin_Mont_d%27Or" title="Vacherin Mont d'Or">Vacherin Mont d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamine" title="Williamine">Williamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuger_Kirschtorte" title="Zuger Kirschtorte">Zuger Kirschtorte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fondue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muesli" title="Muesli">Muesli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raclette" title="Raclette">Raclette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6sti" title="Rösti">Rösti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_production_and_consumption_in_Switzerland" title="Animal production and consumption in Switzerland">Animal production and consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_Heritage_of_Switzerland" title="Culinary Heritage of Switzerland">Culinary Heritage of Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/20px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4017808-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fondue"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85050173">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="fondue"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114561&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007543197005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fondue&oldid=1279564296">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fondue&oldid=1279564296</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bread_dishes" 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