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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese alchemist</div> <p><b>Master Geng</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">耿先生</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Gěng Xiānshēng</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Kêng<sup>3</sup> Hsien<sup>1</sup>-shêng<sup>1</sup></span></i>, <abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 975</span></span>) was a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_alchemy" title="Chinese alchemy">Chinese alchemist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the daughter of Geng Qian.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legend says that during her adolescence, she already demonstrated her intelligence, curiosity, and developed skills in the alchemical arts.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, her skills drew the attention of emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xuanzong of Tang">Xuanzong</a>, who invited her to the palace.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the palace, rather than being counted as one of the palace women, she was honoured as a scholar, and given the title Master (or Teacher).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whenever she had an audience, she spoke confidently and eloquently, always wearing green robes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is described as performing alchemical transformations, as well as dabbling in divination.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of her alchemy focused on creating silver, and tales tell of her ability to use mercury to turn even snow into silver. <sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, some modern chemists have proposed, might be an example of a legitimate chemical process in which mercury is used to extract silver from ores.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She may have also distilled perfumes, and utilized an early form of the <a href="/wiki/Soxhlet_extractor" title="Soxhlet extractor">Soxhlet</a> process to extract camphor into alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her personal life, Geng was noted as enjoying wine, and romantic and sexual dalliances.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_Geng&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRayner-CanhamRayner-CanhamRayner-Canham2001" class="citation book cs1">Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Marelene; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womeninchemistry0000rayn/"><i>Women in Chemistry: Their Changing Roles from Alchemical Times to the Mid-twentieth Century</i></a></span>. Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp. 4–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780941901277" title="Special:BookSources/9780941901277"><bdi>9780941901277</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Chemistry%3A+Their+Changing+Roles+from+Alchemical+Times+to+the+Mid-twentieth+Century&rft.pages=4-5&rft.pub=Chemical+Heritage+Foundation&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780941901277&rft.aulast=Rayner-Canham&rft.aufirst=Marelene+F.&rft.au=Rayner-Canham%2C+Marelene&rft.au=Rayner-Canham%2C+Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomeninchemistry0000rayn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaster+Geng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeschel1992" class="citation journal cs1">Meschel, S. V. (September 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed069p723">"Teacher Keng's heritage: A survey of Chinese women scientists"</a>. <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>69</b> (9): 723. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JChEd..69..723M">1992JChEd..69..723M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed069p723">10.1021/ed069p723</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9584">0021-9584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=Teacher+Keng%27s+heritage%3A+A+survey+of+Chinese+women+scientists&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=723&rft.date=1992-09&rft.issn=0021-9584&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed069p723&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992JChEd..69..723M&rft.aulast=Meschel&rft.aufirst=S.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1021%2Fed069p723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaster+Geng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittleEichmanShipperEbrey2000" class="citation book cs1">Little, Stephen; Eichman, Shawn; Shipper, Kristofer; Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (2000-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5ame4Rl1RXMC&dq=Geng+woman+alchemist+mercury+Imperial+court&pg=PA284"><i>Taoism and the Arts of China</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22785-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22785-9"><bdi>978-0-520-22785-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taoism+and+the+Arts+of+China&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-520-22785-9&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Eichman%2C+Shawn&rft.au=Shipper%2C+Kristofer&rft.au=Ebrey%2C+Patricia+Buckley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5ame4Rl1RXMC%26dq%3DGeng%2Bwoman%2Balchemist%2Bmercury%2BImperial%2Bcourt%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaster+Geng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell-Stuart2012" class="citation book cs1">Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. (2012-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EWeQI0AT6p0C&q=Keng+Hsien-Seng&pg=PA13"><i>The Chemical Choir: A History of Alchemy</i></a>. 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