CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Citrus reticulata Blanco</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Citrus reticulata Blanco"> <meta name="keywords" content="Citrus reticulata Blanco"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Citrus reticulata Blanco" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Citrus reticulata Blanco"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 136</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Citrus reticulata Blanco</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Effect of Crude Flowers Extract of Citrus reticulata Blanco Flowers on Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties of Cheddar Cheese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Mir%20Khan">Usman Mir Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishtiaque%20Ahmad"> Ishtiaque Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saima%20Inayat"> Saima Inayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20Arslan%20Amin"> H. M. Arslan Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ayaz"> Muhammad Ayaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisar%20Ahmad"> Nisar Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Citrus reticulata Blanco crude flowers extract (CFE) at four different concentration (1, 2, 3 and 4%, v/v) were used as natural milk coagulant instead of rennet to apply for Cheddar cheese making from buffalo milk. The physicochemical properties and nutrition composition of Cheddar cheeses were compared with cheese made with 0.002% (v/v) rennet (control cheese). Physico-chemical of Cheddar cheese showed that cheese made with 1% and 2% of CFE had a crumbly and slightly softer texture of cheese. While, cheeses containing 3 and 4% CFE had semi-hard textural properties of curd similar to rennet added cheese. The CFE made cheese had moisture 37 %, fat 45 % on dry basis similar to rennet made Cheddar cheese. Protein analysis shows that CFE made cheese had significant higher protein content than control. The Cheddar cheese with 3% and 1% CFE were preferred by consumers instead of 2% and 4% CFE for their taste, texture/appearance and overall acceptability. Conclusively, CFE coagulated Cheddar cheese fulfills the nutritional requirement with acceptable organoleptic characteristics and at the same time provides nutritional health benefits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cheddar%20cheese" title="cheddar cheese">cheddar cheese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20reticulata%20Blanco" title=" Citrus reticulata Blanco"> Citrus reticulata Blanco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffalo%20milk" title=" buffalo milk"> buffalo milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20coagulant" title=" milk coagulant"> milk coagulant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76034/effect-of-crude-flowers-extract-of-citrus-reticulata-blanco-flowers-on-physicochemical-and-nutritional-properties-of-cheddar-cheese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Some Citrus Peels and Vitamin Premix as Additives in Clarias Gariepinus Diets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunice%20Oluwayemisi%20Adeparusi">Eunice Oluwayemisi Adeparusi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Adedolapo%20Ijadeyila"> Mary Adedolapo Ijadeyila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was carried out at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, West Africa. Seven set of diets were prepared comprising of two sets. The first set consisted of a combination of three diets from a combination of two different citrus peels from Orange (Citrus sinesis), Tangerine (Citrus tangerina / Citrus reticulata) and Tangelo (Citrus tangelo a hybrid of Citrus reticulata and Citrus maxima) at 50:50 while the other three consisted f50:50. Diet with 100% vitamin premix served as the control. Air-dried citrus peels were added in a 40% crude protein diet for the juveniles (4.49±0.05g) Clarias gariepinus. The experiment was carried out for a period of 56 days in triplicate trials. Fish were randomly distributed into twenty-one tanks at ten fish per tanks. The feed was extruded and fed to satiation twice daily. The result shows that fish fed Tangelo and Tangerine (TGL-TGR) had the best growth response in terms of final weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and feed utilization efficiency when compared with other diets. The FCR of fish in the diet ranges from 0.93-1.62. Fish fed the mixture of Orange peel and Vitamin-mineral premix (ORG-VIT) and those on Tangelo and Vitamin-mineral premix (TGL-VIT) had higher survival rate. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate. The result shows that citrus peels enhance the growth performance and feed utilization of the juvenile of African mud catfish, thereby reducing the cost of fish production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20mud%20catfish" title="African mud catfish">African mud catfish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20peels" title=" citrus peels"> citrus peels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin-mineral%20premix" title=" vitamin-mineral premix"> vitamin-mineral premix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20utilization" title=" nutrient utilization"> nutrient utilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additives" title=" additives"> additives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170961/growth-and-nutrient-utilization-of-some-citrus-peels-and-vitamin-premix-as-additives-in-clarias-gariepinus-diets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Exploring the Effect of Cellulose Based Coating Incorporated with CaCl2 and MgSO4 on Shelf Life Extension of Kinnow (Citrus reticulata blanco) Cultivar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atif%20Randhawa">Muhammad Atif Randhawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Nadeem </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kinnow (Citrus reticulate Blanco) is nutritious and perishable fruit with high juice content, and also rich source of vitamin-C. In Pakistan, kinnow export is limited due to inadequate post-harvest handling and lack of satisfactory storage practices. Considering these issues, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) coating in combination with CaCl2 and MgSO4 on shelf life extension of kinnow. Fruits were treated with different levels of CaCl2 and MgSO4 followed by HPMC coating (3 and 5%) and stored at 10°C with 80% relative humidity for 6 weeks. Fruits were analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters on weekly basis. During this study lower fruit firmness (0.24Nm-2), loss in weight (0.64%) and ethylene production (0.039 µL•kg-1•hr-1) was observed in fruits treated with 1% CaCl2 + 1% MgSO4 + 5% HPMC (T6) during storage of 42 days. Minimum chilling injury indexes 0.22% and 0.61% were recorded in treatments T4 and T6, respectively. T6 showed higher values of titerable acidity (0.29%) and ascorbic acid contents (39.82mg/100g). Minimum TSS (9.62°Brix) was found in fruits of T6. Overall T6 showed significantly better results for various parameters, as compared to all other treated and control fruits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firmness" title="firmness">firmness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinnow%20coating" title=" kinnow coating"> kinnow coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical" title=" physicochemical"> physicochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41488/exploring-the-effect-of-cellulose-based-coating-incorporated-with-cacl2-and-mgso4-on-shelf-life-extension-of-kinnow-citrus-reticulata-blanco-cultivar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity, Lipid Profile Effect of Citrus reticulata Fruit Peel, Zingiber officinale Rhizome, and Sesamum indicum Seed Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samar%20Saadeldin%20Abdelmotalab%20Omer">Samar Saadeldin Abdelmotalab Omer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikram%20Mohammed%20Eltayeb%20Elsiddig"> Ikram Mohammed Eltayeb Elsiddig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Beshir%20Medani%20Ahmed"> Amna Beshir Medani Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Mohammed%20Hussein%20Ayoub"> Saad Mohammed Hussein Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many herbal medicinal products are considered as potential hypocholesterolemic agents with encouraging safety profiles, however, only a limited amount of clinical research exists to support their efficacy. The present study was designed to compare the antihypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activities of the crude ethanolic extracts of Citrus reticulata peel, Zingiber officinale rhizome, and Sesamum indicum seeds. Forty-five rats were used throughout the experiment, which were divided into nine groups, five rats in each as follows; normal control group (normal rats fed with standard normal diet), rats fed hypercholesterolemic diet consisting of 1% cholesterol and 10% saturated animal fat, which were further divided into eight groups; hypercholesterolemic control group (rats only fed hypercholesterolemic diet), groups 3,4,5,6,7, and 8 were given Citrus reticulata, Zingiber officinale, and Sesamum indicum ethanolic extracts at doses of (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg, respectively) orally; and group 9 rats were given atorvastatin (0.18mg/kg) orally as a reference antihypercholesterolaemic drug. Blood samples were obtained four weeks following treatment from the retro-orbital venous plexus after fasting overnight from all groups and the lipid profile (serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides levels) was measured and the risk ratio (TC/HDL-C) was assessed. The antioxidant activity of the three plant extracts was determined using DPPH free-radical assay. Results of in vivo and in vitro antihypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant assay, respectively, revealed that the three extracts possess comparable antioxidant and anti-hypercholesterolaemic activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti%20hypercholesterolemic%20effects" title="anti hypercholesterolemic effects">anti hypercholesterolemic effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDL" title=" HDL"> HDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDL" title=" LDL"> LDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TC" title=" TC"> TC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGs" title=" TGs"> TGs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20reticulata" title=" citrus reticulata"> citrus reticulata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sesamum%20indicum" title=" sesamum indicum"> sesamum indicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zingiber%20officinale" title=" zingiber officinale"> zingiber officinale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32654/phytochemical-screening-antioxidant-activity-lipid-profile-effect-of-citrus-reticulata-fruit-peel-zingiber-officinale-rhizome-and-sesamum-indicum-seed-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Impact of Bio Preparations on Agro-Chemical Indexes and Fruit Mineral Composition of Mandarin (Citrus Reticulata) Orchard</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nunu%20Nakashidze">Nunu Nakashidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shota%20Lominadze"> Shota Lominadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darejan%20Jashi"> Darejan Jashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Citrus culture used to be one of the leading fields of sub-tropical agriculture in Georgia and especially in Adjara region, but the citrus production has been significantly decreased in recent years due to deterioration of quality index of fruit and reduction of sale markets. The fact severely affected both the economy of Republic and population. Intensive technologies of citrus fruit production are widely implemented in the world practices, which include the following: variety of species, consumption of fertilizers and chemicals, proper use of fruit production and etc. However working on technologies which ensure getting of high quality and plentiful product is very much important if taking into consideration modern, global ecological problems. Using of bio-preparations for plant nourishment is considered as one of the activities. The present work discusses liquid organic fertilizer 'Biorag' produced in Georgia and influence of its growth stimulation (Gakhokidze N1, N2, N3) on agrochemical index of soils and mineral composition of fruit of Citrus Unshiu orchards cultivated in the sub-tropical zone of Black Sea in Adjara region. It was ascertained that liquid organic fertilizers used in the orchard of citrus 'Unshiu' and influence of growth stimulators on the quality index of fruit are not clearly shown in comparison with control one. A small priority is noticed in case of growth stimulators. In conditions of red soils, liquid organic fertilizers and growth stimulators added in the nutrition of the citrus more or less influence the dry material of fruit and the composition of ash and nutrition elements. Agro-chemical index of the soil, except exchange acidity, is somehow enlarged which is one of the positive results in this case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20stimulator" title="growth stimulator">growth stimulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20fertilizer" title=" liquid fertilizer"> liquid fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant" title=" plant"> plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit" title=" fruit"> fruit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81176/impact-of-bio-preparations-on-agro-chemical-indexes-and-fruit-mineral-composition-of-mandarin-citrus-reticulata-orchard" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Comparison of the Effect of Two Rootstocks Citrus Macrophylla and Citrus Volkameriana on Water Productivity of Citrus “Orogrande” Under Three Irrigation Doses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hicham%20Elomari">Hicham Elomari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Absa%20Fall"> Absa Fall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taoufiq%20Elkrochni"> Taoufiq Elkrochni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This present work mainly concerns the improvement of citrus water productivity in the Souss Massa region. The objective is to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation applied during the fruit growth stage on fruit size, quality and yield of the Orogrande variety grafted on Citrus macrophylla and Citrus volkameriana. Three irrigation regimes were adopted, a control D0 of 3.6 l/h and two doses D1 (58% D0 =2.1 l/h) and D2 (236% D0 =8.5 l/h). The experimental design was a randomized complete block while keeping the same spacing between drippers, the same duration of irrigation and the beginning of trials (fruit growth stage). Results showed that at the end of the cycle from October 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021, a total water supply of 732 mm and 785 mm using the D1 dose was provided to trees of Orogrande variety, respectively grafted on Citrus macrophylla and Citrus volkameriana rootstocks. Citrus macrophylla presented largest fruit size of 38 mm compared to Citrus volkameriana (33mm) with a significant difference. Total soluble sugar (8°Brix) and juice content level (40%) were higher with the application of the D1 dose on both rootstocks. Yield of 36 Tons was not affected by the deficit irrigation. Reduction of water supply by 18% increases agronomic productivity (6 MAD/m³) and economic productivity (3 MAD/m³). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus" title="citrus">citrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20size" title=" fruit size"> fruit size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20quality" title=" fruit quality"> fruit quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178789/comparison-of-the-effect-of-two-rootstocks-citrus-macrophylla-and-citrus-volkameriana-on-water-productivity-of-citrus-orogrande-under-three-irrigation-doses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Somatic Hybridization of between Citrus and Murraya paniculata Cells Applied by Electro-Fusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Basri%20Jumin">Hasan Basri Jumin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Protoplasts isolated from embryogenic callus of Citrus sinensis were electrically used with mesophyll protoplasts isolated from seedless Citrus relatives. Hybrid of somatic embryos plantlets was obtained after 7 months of culture. Somatic hybrid plants were regenerated into normal seedlings and successfully transferred to soil after strictly acclimatization in the glass pot. The somatic hybrid plants were obtained by screening on the basis of chromosomes count. The number of chromosome of root tip counting revealed plantlets tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36) and the other were diploids (2n = 2x = 18) morphologically resembling the mesophyll parent. This somatic hybrid will be utilized as a possible pollen parent for improving the Citrus sinensis. A complete protoplast-to-plant system of somatic hybrid was developed for Citrus sinensis and Citrus relatives which could facilitate the transfer of nuclear and cytoplasmic genes from this species into cultivated Citrus through protoplast fusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromosome" title="chromosome">chromosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murraya%20paniculata" title=" Murraya paniculata"> Murraya paniculata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protoplast%20fusion" title=" protoplast fusion"> protoplast fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20hybrid" title=" somatic hybrid"> somatic hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetrapoliod" title=" tetrapoliod"> tetrapoliod</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60900/somatic-hybridization-of-between-citrus-and-murraya-paniculata-cells-applied-by-electro-fusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Preliminary Prospecting on the Distribution of the Disease of Citrus Tristeza Orchards in the Province of Chlef</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Djelloul%20Berkane">Ibrahim Djelloul Berkane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A survey was conducted to assess the presence of the virus in Citrus tristeza one of the main citrus regions of Algeria, namely the Chlef region, using the technique of Direct Tissue Print Immunoprinting Assay (DTBIA) and the Double Sandwich ELISA antibodies. A nursery citrus, lumber yards, and commercial orchards, which are the main varieties cultivated citrus were subjected to samples collected samples for laboratory analysis. 0.91% of the plants tested orchards were infected with CTV, while no positive case was detected at the nursery the yard, however, it is reported that an alarming rate of 10,5% of orchards tested at the common Chettia were infected with tristeza virus. The investigation was launched to identify the vector species tristeza revealed the presence of a vector is important Aphis gossypii. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aphis" title="aphis">aphis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlef" title=" chlef"> chlef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus" title=" citrus"> citrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DAS-ELISA" title=" DAS-ELISA"> DAS-ELISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTBIA" title=" DTBIA"> DTBIA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tristeza" title=" tristeza"> tristeza</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56707/preliminary-prospecting-on-the-distribution-of-the-disease-of-citrus-tristeza-orchards-in-the-province-of-chlef" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Epidemiological Model for Citrus Black Spot Dynamics along the Pre-Harvest Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nqobile%20Muleya">Nqobile Muleya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winston%20Garira"> Winston Garira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Mchau"> Godwin Mchau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Citrus Black Spot (CBS) is a fungal disease that is responsible for huge economical loss and poses a threat to the citrus industry worldwide. We construct a mathematical model framework for citrus black spot between fruits to characterise the dynamics of the disease development, paying attention to the pathogen life cycle. We have made an observation from the model analysis that the initial inoculum from ascomata is very important for disease development and thereafter it is no longer important due to conidia which is responsible for secondary infection. Most importantly, the model indicated that ascospores and conidia are very important parameters in developing citrus black spot within a short distance. The basic reproductive number and its importance in relation to citrus black spot persistence are outlined. A numerical simulation of the model was done to explain the theoretical findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20modelling" title="epidemiological modelling">epidemiological modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guidnardia%20citricarpa" title=" Guidnardia citricarpa"> Guidnardia citricarpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20stage" title=" life cycle stage"> life cycle stage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal" title=" fungal"> fungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20development" title=" disease development"> disease development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44095/epidemiological-model-for-citrus-black-spot-dynamics-along-the-pre-harvest-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> An Automated System for the Detection of Citrus Greening Disease Based on Visual Descriptors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Naeem">Sidra Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Naeem"> Ayesha Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Rahim"> Sahar Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Nawaz%20Qadri"> Nadia Nawaz Qadri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Citrus greening is a bacterial disease that causes considerable damage to citrus fruits worldwide. Efficient method for this disease detection must be carried out to minimize the production loss. This paper presents a pattern recognition system that comprises three stages for the detection of citrus greening from Orange leaves: segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Image segmentation is accomplished by adaptive thresholding. The feature extraction stage comprises of three visual descriptors i.e. shape, color and texture. From shape feature we have used asymmetry index, from color feature we have used histogram of Cb component from YCbCr domain and from texture feature we have used local binary pattern. Classification was done using support vector machines and k nearest neighbors. The best performances of the system is Accuracy = 88.02% and AUROC = 90.1% was achieved by automatic segmented images. Our experiments validate that: (1). Segmentation is an imperative preprocessing step for computer assisted diagnosis of citrus greening, and (2). The combination of shape, color and texture features form a complementary set towards the identification of citrus greening disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20greening" title="citrus greening">citrus greening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98969/an-automated-system-for-the-detection-of-citrus-greening-disease-based-on-visual-descriptors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Antihypertensive Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Citrus Paradise Juice in One Clip One Kidney Hypertension Model in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lokesh%20Bhatt">Lokesh Bhatt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayesh%20Rathod"> Jayesh Rathod</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hypertension is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular disorder. It is responsible for several other cardiovascular disorders. Although many drugs are available for the treatment of hypertension, still a large population has uncontrolled blood pressure. Thus there is an unmet need for new therapeutic approaches for the same. Fruit juice of Citrus paradise contains several flavonoids with vasodilatory activity. We hypothesized that alcoholic extract of Citrus paradise, which contains flavonoids, might attenuate hypertension. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of alcoholic extract of Citrus paradise fruit juice in rats. Hypertension was induced using one clip one kidney model in rats. The renal artery was occluded for 4 h after removal of one kidney. Once stabilized, the ganglionic blockade was performed followed by removal of the arterial clip from the kidney. Removal of clip resulted in an increase in blood pressure which is due to release of renin from the kidney. Alcoholic extract of Citrus paradise fruit juice was then administered at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg dose by intravenous injection. Blood pressure was monitored continuously. Alcoholic extract of Citrus paradise fruit juice reduced hypertension in dose-dependent manner. Antihypertensive activity was found to be associated with vasodilation. The results of the present study showed antihypertensive potential of alcoholic extract of Citrus paradise fruit juice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20paradise" title="citrus paradise">citrus paradise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcoholic%20extract" title=" alcoholic extract"> alcoholic extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one%20clip%20one%20kidney%20model" title=" one clip one kidney model"> one clip one kidney model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vasodilation" title=" vasodilation"> vasodilation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67780/antihypertensive-activity-of-alcoholic-extract-of-citrus-paradise-juice-in-one-clip-one-kidney-hypertension-model-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Evaluation of Hypolipidemic Effect of Leaf Essential Oil of Citrus sinensis in Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omolola%20Soji-Omoniwa">Omolola Soji-Omoniwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babasoji%20Omoniwa"> Babasoji Omoniwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hypolipidemic effect of leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis in alloxan–induced diabetic rats was evaluated. Forty albino rats (150–200 g) were randomly selected into 4 groups of 10 rats each, representing Normal Control, Diabetic Control, Diabetic treated with 14.2 mg/kg body weight Metformin and Diabetic treated with 110 mg/kg body weight leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis. Diabetes was induced in the animals by intraperitoneal administration of single dose alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight). The leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis was administered every other day to the Diabetic rats for a period of 15 days. The effects of leaf essential oil on High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Trigylcerides and Cholesterol were evaluated. A significant reduction (p <0.05) in LDL, Triglycerides and cholesterol levels and a significant increase (p<0 .05) in HDL was observed. Leaf essential oil of Citrus sinensis possesses hypolipidemic properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20sinensis" title="Citrus sinensis">Citrus sinensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diabetes%20mellitus" title=" Diabetes mellitus"> Diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypolipidemic" title=" hypolipidemic"> hypolipidemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20essential%20oil" title=" leaf essential oil"> leaf essential oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19026/evaluation-of-hypolipidemic-effect-of-leaf-essential-oil-of-citrus-sinensis-in-alloxan-induced-diabetic-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Gas Chromatographic: Mass Spectroscopic Analysis of Citrus reticulata Fruit Peel, Zingiber officinale Rhizome, and Sesamum indicum Seed Ethanolic Extracts Possessing Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Profile Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samar%20Saadeldin%20Abdelmotalab%20Omer">Samar Saadeldin Abdelmotalab Omer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikram%20Mohamed%20Eltayeb%20Elsiddig"> Ikram Mohamed Eltayeb Elsiddig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Mohammed%20Hussein%20Ayoub"> Saad Mohammed Hussein Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A variety of herbal medicinal plants are known to confer beneficial effects in regards to modification of cardiovascular ri’=sk factors. The anti-hypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activities of the crude ethanolic extracts of Citrus reticulate fruit peel, Zingiber officinale rhizome and Sesamum indicum seed extracts have been demonstrated. These plants are assumed to possess biologically active principles, which impart their pharmacologic activities. GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extracts was carried out to identify the active principles and their percentages of occurrence in the analytes. Analysis of the extracts was carried out using (GS-MS QP) type Schimadzu 2010 equipped with a capillary column RTX-50 (restec), (length 30mm, diameter 0.25mm, and thickness 0.25mm). Helium was used as a carrier gas, the temperature was programmed at 200°C for 5 minutes at a rate of 15ml/minute, and the extracts were injected using split injection mode. The identification of different components was achieved from their Mass Spectra and Retention time, compared with those in the NIST library. The results revealed the presence of 80 compounds in Sudanese locally grown C. reticulata fruit peel extract, most of which were monoterpenoid compounds including Limonene (3.03%), Alpha & Gamma - terpinenes (2.61%), Linalool (1.38%), Citral (1.72%) which are known to have profound antioxidant effects. The Sesquiterpenoids Humulene (0.26%) and Caryophyllene (1.97%) were also identified, the latter known to have profound anti-anxiety and anti-depressant activity in addition to the beneficiary effects in lipid regulation. The analysis of the locally grown S. indicum oily and water soluble portions of seed extract revealed the presence of a total of 64 compounds with considerably high percentage of the mono-unsaturated fatty acid ester methyl oleate (66.99%) in addition to methyl stearate (9.35%) and palmitate (15.71%) of oil portion, whereas, plant sterols including Gamma-sitosterol (13.5%), fucosterol (2.11%) and stigmasterol (1.95%) in addition to gamma-tocopherol (1.16%) were detected in extract water-soluble portion. The latter indicate various principles known to have valuable pharmacological benefits including antioxidant activities and beneficiary effects on intestinal cholesterol absorption and regulation of serum cholesterol levels. Z. officinale rhizome extract analysis revealed the presence of 93 compounds, the most abundant were alpha-zingeberine (16.5%), gingerol (9.25%), alpha-sesquiphellandrene (8.3%), zingerone (6.78%), beta-bisabolene (4.19%), alpha-farnesene (3.56%), ar-curcumene (3.29%), gamma-elemene (1.25%) and a variety of other compounds. The presence of these active principles reflected on the activity of the extract. Activity could be assigned to a single or a combination of two or more extract components. GC-MS analysis concluded the occurrence of compounds known to possess antioxidant activity and lipid profile effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chromatography" title="gas chromatography">gas chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicum" title=" indicum"> indicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=officinale" title=" officinale"> officinale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reticulata" title=" reticulata"> reticulata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78178/gas-chromatographic-mass-spectroscopic-analysis-of-citrus-reticulata-fruit-peel-zingiber-officinale-rhizome-and-sesamum-indicum-seed-ethanolic-extracts-possessing-antioxidant-activity-and-lipid-profile-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Development of Antimicrobial Properties Nutraceuticals: Gummy Candies with Addition of Bovine Colostrum, Essential Oils and Probiotics </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Bartkiene">E. Bartkiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ruzauskas"> M. Ruzauskas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Lele"> V. Lele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Zavistanaviciute"> P. Zavistanaviciute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Bernatoniene"> J. Bernatoniene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Jakstas"> V. Jakstas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Ivanauskas"> L. Ivanauskas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Zadeike"> D. Zadeike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Klupsaite"> D. Klupsaite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Viskelis"> P. Viskelis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Bendoraitiene"> J. Bendoraitiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Navikaite-Snipaitiene"> V. Navikaite-Snipaitiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Juodeikiene"> G. Juodeikiene </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, antimicrobial nutraceuticals; gummy candies (GC) from bovine colostrum (BC), essential oils (EOs), probiotic lactic acid bacteria (PLAB), and their combinations, were developed. For antimicrobial GC preparation, heteropolysaccharide (agar) was used. The antimicrobial properties of EOs (Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris, Citrus reticulata L., Citrus paradisi L.), BC, L. paracasei LUHS244, L. plantarum LUHS135, and their combinations against pathogenic bacteria strains (Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were evaluated. The highest antimicrobial properties by EO’s (Eugenia caryophyllata and Thymus vulgaris) were established. The optimal ingredients composition for antimicrobial GC preparation was established, which incorporate the BC fermented with L. paracasei LUHS244 in combination with Thymus vulgaris or Eugenia caryophyllata. These ingredients showed high inhibition properties of all tested pathogenic strains (except Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Antimicrobial GC formula consisting of thyme EO (up to 0.2%) and fermented BC (up to 3%), and for taste masking, mandarin or grapefruit EOs (up to 0.2%) was used. Developed GC high overall acceptability and antimicrobial properties, thus, antimicrobial GC could be a preferred form of nutraceuticals. This study was fulfilled with the support of the LSMU-KTU joint project. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title="antimicrobial activity">antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bovine%20colostrum" title=" bovine colostrum"> bovine colostrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gummy%20candy" title=" gummy candy"> gummy candy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title=" probiotic"> probiotic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80287/development-of-antimicrobial-properties-nutraceuticals-gummy-candies-with-addition-of-bovine-colostrum-essential-oils-and-probiotics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Citrus aurantium Isolated by Solvent Free Microwave Assisted Extraction and Hydrodistillation Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masume%20Rezaie">Masume Rezaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20H.%20Farjam"> Mohammad H. Farjam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemical composition of Citrus aurantium was studied by solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods. Limonene (76.06% SFME and 67.04% HD), Linalool (4.91% SFME and 10.08% HD) and Linalyl Acetate (8.52% SFME and 5.10% HD) were the major compounds that obtained by SFME and hydrodistillation, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave-assisted" title="microwave-assisted">microwave-assisted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title=" essential oils"> essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodistillation" title=" hydrodistillation"> hydrodistillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20aurantium" title=" citrus aurantium"> citrus aurantium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32165/chemical-composition-of-the-essential-oil-of-citrus-aurantium-isolated-by-solvent-free-microwave-assisted-extraction-and-hydrodistillation-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Efficacy of Different Pest Control Strategies against Citrus Rind Borer (Prays Eendolemma Diakonoff) Infesting Pummelo (Citrus maxima)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larry%20V.%20Aceres">Larry V. Aceres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesryl%20B.%20Paulite"> Jesryl B. Paulite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emelie%20M.%20Pelicano"> Emelie M. Pelicano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Esteban"> J. A. Esteban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamangun"> Mamangun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Citrus rind borer still the most important pest infesting pummelo in the Philippines particularly in the Davao region. Hence, management of the pest is very important for successful pummelo production. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the different control strategies against citrus rind borer; to determine the best treatment in controlling citrus rind borer; and to calculate the profitability of the various treatments in pummelo production. The experiment was laid-out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments replicated three times. The treatments were: T1- curry tree leaf leachate, T2- neem tree leaf leachate, T3- bagging with an ordinary net, T4- treated check (chlorpyrifos & betacyflutrin) and T5- untreated check. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance and the differences among treatment means were computed using the Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference. The results of the study revealed that the curry tree leaf leachate and bagging treatments provide significant protection to the pummelo fruits which is comparable with the treated check (chlorpyrifos & betacyflutrin). Neem tree leaf leachate is not effective in controlling citrus rind borer which is comparable with the untreated check. In cost and return analysis, the most economical and effective is the bagging treatment using ordinary net. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curry%20tree" title="curry tree">curry tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neem%20tree" title=" neem tree"> neem tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bagging" title=" bagging"> bagging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20rind%20borer" title=" citrus rind borer"> citrus rind borer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46057/efficacy-of-different-pest-control-strategies-against-citrus-rind-borer-prays-eendolemma-diakonoff-infesting-pummelo-citrus-maxima" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> The Effect of Aromatherapy Candle as Insecticide from Citrus Extract of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) to Increase Ae. aegypti Mortality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Hidayah">Nurul Hidayah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farida%20Rahmatika"> Farida Rahmatika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathimah%20Azzahra"> Fathimah Azzahra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesty%20Herennadia"> Nesty Herennadia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aromatherapy candles are one of the insecticide media that have not been much researched. The active ingredient that is proven to have the effect of insecticide is a citrus extract from lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon). Aromatherapy candles are added by citrus compounds to be insecticidal for Ae. aegypti mosquito that was related to the infectious disease such as dengue fever. This research aims to find out if aromatherapy candles of citrus compounds have an insecticidal effect on Ae. aegypti mosquito. We used true experimental design including posttest only with control group design. The samples are 20 male and female Ae. aegypti mosquitos with aged 1-7 days belong to the inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into 6 groups, consisting of 1 negative control group and 5 treatment groups with variation concentration are 1%; 2%; 3%; 4%; 5%. Each group will be treated for 2 hours and observed death after 24 hours. Replication in each group is done 4 times. The results were then tested statistically using Kruskal-Wallis and probit test. Mean of death in negative control group, and treatment group 1%; 2%; 3%; 4%; 5% respectively 0; 1; 0.25; 0; 1 and 1 mosquito. The Kruskal-Wallis test in the study group found no significant difference (p = 0.178). The probit analysis showed that LC50 and LC90 were 20.069% and 31.557%. The aromatherapy candle of a citrus compound has an insecticidal effect on the Ae aegypti mosquito. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ae.%20aegypti%20insecticide" title="Ae. aegypti insecticide">Ae. aegypti insecticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aromatherapy%20candle" title=" aromatherapy candle"> aromatherapy candle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20compound" title=" citrus compound"> citrus compound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lemongrass%20oil%20%28Cymbopogon%29" title=" lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon)"> lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83514/the-effect-of-aromatherapy-candle-as-insecticide-from-citrus-extract-of-lemongrass-cymbopogon-to-increase-ae-aegypti-mortality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> The Effect of Aromatherapy with Citrus aurantium Blossom Essential Oil on Premenstrual Syndrome in University Students: A Clinical Trial Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Jamalimoghadam">Neda Jamalimoghadam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naval%20Heydari"> Naval Heydari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maliheh%20Abootalebi"> Maliheh Abootalebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Kasraeian"> Maryam Kasraeian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Emamghoreishi"> M. Emamghoreishi </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbarzadeh%20Marzieh"> Akbarzadeh Marzieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The aim was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy using Citrus aurantium blossom essential oil on premenstrual syndrome in university students. Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial was controlled on 62 students from March 2016 to February 2017. The intervention with 0.5% of C. Aurantium blossom essential oil and control was inhalation of odorless sweet almond oil in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The screening questionnaire (PSST) for PMSwas filled out before and also one and two months after the intervention. Results: Mean score of overall symptoms of PMS between the Bitter orange and control groups In the first (p < 0.003) and second months (p < 0.001) of the intervention was significant. Besides, decreased the mean score of psychological symptoms in the intervention group (p < 0.001), but on physical symptoms and social function were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The aromatherapy with Citrus aurantium blossom improved the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aromatherapy" title="aromatherapy">aromatherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20Aurantium" title=" Citrus Aurantium"> Citrus Aurantium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premenstrual%20syndrome" title=" premenstrual syndrome"> premenstrual syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138381/the-effect-of-aromatherapy-with-citrus-aurantium-blossom-essential-oil-on-premenstrual-syndrome-in-university-students-a-clinical-trial-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> The Prevalence of Citrus Specific Nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb 1913 on the Coast of the Black Sea in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.Tskitisvili">E.Tskitisvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Jgenti"> L. Jgenti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Eliava"> I. Eliava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Tskitishvili"> T. Tskitishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Bagathuria"> N. Bagathuria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gigolashvili"> M. Gigolashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fight against dangerous nematode diseases that have world economic importance requires accurate data about the prevalence of these pests. In the point of view of the International Convention on Biological Diversity, the identification of the plant invasion causing dangerous pathogen in the early stages of invasion on new territory is the most important part of the program, which aims to monitor the Bio-Agro Coenosis and Bio-Control. Citrus nematode-specific belongs to the pathogen species, which can cause epiphytotics particularly for large areas and cause irreparable damage to citrus plantations. This paper provides a brief tour of the spread of citrus nematodes on the Black Sea coast (Adjara and Abkhazia). Also the bio-ecological monitoring data to detect the potential sources of invasion for evaluating the current conditions of the citrus nematodes prevalence. Through 2006-2010, the material was gained by structural monitoring system during the citrus vegetation period on tangerines, lemon and oranges from nine points of the study area. Mature forms of Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913 were observed in almost all of the samples of the root system, the peak of larvae was observed in late spring and outumn. 92 forms of nematode has been detected in the rhizosphere belonging to 8 Orders: Areolaimida, Dorylaimida, Enoplida, Mononchida, Tylenshida, Monshysterida, Rhabditida, Aphelenchida, 23 families and 40 genera. 75 forms are identified as species. It is estimated the number of nematodes fauna and ecological groups. To detect possible sources of invasion we obtained additional materials in 2013-2014 from citrus plantations planted in 2011, where is planted tangerine trees introduced from Spain and Japan. The fauna of rhizosphere is identified and Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913 is not detected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20nematodes" title="Citrus nematodes">Citrus nematodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infection" title=" infection"> infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioecological%20monitoring" title=" bioecological monitoring"> bioecological monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epiphytotics" title=" epiphytotics "> epiphytotics </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10079/the-prevalence-of-citrus-specific-nematode-tylenchulus-semipenetrans-cobb-1913-on-the-coast-of-the-black-sea-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Light Harvesting Titanium Nanocatalyst for Remediation of Methyl Orange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brajesh%20Kumar">Brajesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Cumbal"> Luis Cumbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An eco-friendly Citrus paradisi peel extract mediated synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles is reported under sonication. U.V.-vis, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and X-ray analyses are performed to characterize the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles. It is almost spherical in shape, having a size of 60–140 nm and the XRD peaks at 2θ = 25.363° confirm the characteristic facets for anatase form. The synthesized nano catalyst is highly active in the decomposition of methyl orange (64 mg/L) in sunlight (~73%) for 2.5 hours. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-friendly" title="eco-friendly">eco-friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO2%20nanoparticles" title=" TiO2 nanoparticles"> TiO2 nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20%20paradisi" title=" citrus paradisi"> citrus paradisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEM" title=" TEM"> TEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6603/light-harvesting-titanium-nanocatalyst-for-remediation-of-methyl-orange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> HLB Disease Detection in Omani Lime Trees using Hyperspectral Imaging Based Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacintha%20Menezes">Jacintha Menezes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramalingam%20Dharmalingam"> Ramalingam Dharmalingam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palaiahnakote%20Shivakumara"> Palaiahnakote Shivakumara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the recent years, Omani acid lime cultivation and production has been affected by Citrus greening or Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. HLB disease is one of the most destructive diseases for citrus, with no remedies or countermeasures to stop the disease. Currently used Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) HLB detection tests require lengthy and labor-intensive laboratory procedures. Furthermore, the equipment and staff needed to carry out the laboratory procedures are frequently specialized hence making them a less optimal solution for the detection of the disease. The current research uses hyperspectral imaging technology for automatic detection of citrus trees with HLB disease. Omani citrus tree leaf images were captured through portable Specim IQ hyperspectral camera. The research considered healthy, nutrition deficient, and HLB infected leaf samples based on the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. The highresolution image samples were sliced to into sub cubes. The sub cubes were further processed to obtain RGB images with spatial features. Similarly, RGB spectral slices were obtained through a moving window on the wavelength. The resized spectral-Spatial RGB images were given to Convolution Neural Networks for deep features extraction. The current research was able to classify a given sample to the appropriate class with 92.86% accuracy indicating the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. The significant bands with a difference in three types of leaves are found to be 560nm, 678nm, 726 nm and 750nm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=huanglongbing%20%28HLB%29" title="huanglongbing (HLB)">huanglongbing (HLB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral%20imaging%20%28HSI%29" title=" hyperspectral imaging (HSI)"> hyperspectral imaging (HSI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B7%20omani%20citrus" title=" · omani citrus"> · omani citrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNN" title=" CNN"> CNN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171237/hlb-disease-detection-in-omani-lime-trees-using-hyperspectral-imaging-based-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Farm Bank: The Leveraging of Capital on a Limpopo Citrus Farm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriella%20Vermeulen">Gabriella Vermeulen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper applies a Bourdieusian lens to a Limpopo Citrus farm referred to as Malapeng in order to understand how conflict and authority are reproduced in Malapeng in the larger context of the South African agricultural industry. The South African citrus industry is an export industry, with South Africa being the second largest exporter of citrus in the world. Agriculture in South Africa has undergone extensive liberalisation since 1994, and many historical patterns, such as the racial divide in agriculture and the exploitation of black workers, are still continuously reproduced on farms in South Africa. This chapter looks at the institution of the ‘farm bank’ on Malapeng, which provides loans to workers whose livelihood strategies have been otherwise limited both by the larger agricultural context they are a part of and by the owner of Malapeng. By discussing the role of farm banks in a conflict between two permanent workers, the chapter illustrates how various oppositional discourses are strategically emphasised or de-emphasised at different times by the actors on Malapeng depending on their immediate goals. Farm bank proves to be a nexus of various discourses on Malapeng as the actors on Malapeng all construct farm bank in different (and often contradictory) terms in order to explain their influence and responsibility on Malapeng. The findings of the paper are based on data collected during fieldwork for an MA dissertation and are based on observation and semi-structured interviews conducted in 2021. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital" title=" capital"> capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labour" title=" labour"> labour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147653/farm-bank-the-leveraging-of-capital-on-a-limpopo-citrus-farm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Investigating Potential Pest Management Strategies for Citrus Gall Wasp in Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yazdani">M. Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20F.%20Carragher"> J. F. Carragher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Citrus gall wasp (CGW), Bruchophagus fellis (Hym: Eurytomidae), is an Australian native insect pest. CGW has now become a problem of national concern, threatening the viability of the entire Australian citrus industry. However, CGW appears to exhibit a preference for certain citrus species; growers report that grapefruit and lemons are most severely infested, with oranges and mandarins affected to a lesser extent. Given the specificity of the host plant-insect interactions, it is speculated that plant volatiles may play a significant role in host recognition. To address whether plant volatiles is involved in host plant preference by CGW we tested the behavioral response of CGW to plants in a wind tunnel. The result showed that CGW had significantly higher preference to grapefruit and lemon than other cultivars and the least preference was recorded to mandarin (Chi-square test, P<0.001). Because CGW exhibited a detectable choice further studies were undertaken to identify the components of the volatiles from each species. We trapped the volatile chemicals emitted by a 30 cm tip of each plant onto a solid Porapak matrix. Eluted extracts were then analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and the presumptive identity of the major compounds from each species inferred from the MS library. Although the same major compounds existed in all of the cultivars, the relative ratios of them differed between species. Next, we will validate the identity of the key volatiles using authentic standards and establish their ability to elicit olfactory responses in CGW in wind tunnel and field experiments. Identification of semiochemicals involved in host location by CGW is of interest not only from an ecological perspective but also for the development of novel pest control strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20gall%20wasp" title="Citrus gall wasp">Citrus gall wasp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruchophagus%20fellis" title=" Bruchophagus fellis"> Bruchophagus fellis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatiles" title=" volatiles"> volatiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiochemicals" title=" semiochemicals"> semiochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPM" title=" IPM"> IPM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71330/investigating-potential-pest-management-strategies-for-citrus-gall-wasp-in-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Mass Rearing and Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Pupal Mortality and Reproduction of Citrus Leaf Miner Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiva%20Osouli">Shiva Osouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Atapour"> Maryam Atapour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Ahmadi"> Mehrdad Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shima%20Shokri"> Shima Shokri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Citrus leaf miner (<em>Phyllocnistis citrella</em> Stainton) is native to Asia and one of the most serious pests of Iran’s citrus nursery stocks. In the present study, the possibility of insect mass rearing on four various citrus hosts and the effects of gamma irradiation on the pupal mortality and reproduction of this pest were studied. Trifoliate orange and grapefruit showed less infection, while the number of pupae in Valencia oranges and sweet lemons cages was so high. There was not any significant difference between weight of male and female pupae among different citrus hosts, but generally the weight of male pupae was less than females. Use of Valencia orange or sweet lemons seedlings in especial dark emergence and oviposition cages could be recommended for mass rearing of this pest. In this study, the effects of gamma radiation at doses 100 to 450 Gy on biological and reproductive parameters of the pest has been determined. The results show that mean percent of pupal mortality increased with increasing doses and reached to 28.67% at 450 Gy for male pupae and 38.367% for female pupae. Also, the mean values of this parameter were higher for irradiated female, which indicated the higher sensitivity of this sex. The gamma ray irradiation from 200 and 300 Gy caused decrease in male and female adult moth longevity, respectively. The eggs were laid by emerged females, and their hatchability was decreased by increasing gamma doses. The fecundity of females in both combinations of crosses (irradiated male × normal female and irradiated female × normal male) did not differ, but fertility of laid eggs by irradiated female × normal male affected seriously and the mean values of this parameter reached to zero at 300 Gy. The hatchability percentage of produced eggs by normal female × irradiated male at 300 Gy was 23.29% and reached to less than 2 % at 450 Gy as the highest tested dose. The results of this test show that females have more radio-sensitivity in comparison to males. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20leaf%20miner" title="citrus leaf miner">citrus leaf miner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phyllocnistis%20citrella" title=" Phyllocnistis citrella"> Phyllocnistis citrella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20hosts" title=" citrus hosts"> citrus hosts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20rearing" title=" mass rearing"> mass rearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sterile%20Insect%20Technique%20%28SIT%29" title=" Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) "> Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75754/mass-rearing-and-effects-of-gamma-irradiation-on-the-pupal-mortality-and-reproduction-of-citrus-leaf-miner-phyllocnistis-citrella-stainton-lepidoptera-gracillariidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> The Effectiveness and the Factors Affect Farmer’s Adoption of Technological Innovation Citrus Gerga Lebong in Bengkulu Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umi%20Pudji%20Astuti">Umi Pudji Astuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dedi%20Sugandi"> Dedi Sugandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effectiveness of agricultural extension is determined by the component in the agricultural extension system among others are agricultural extension methods. Effective methods should be selected and defined based on the characteristics of the target, the resources, the materials, and the objectives to be achieved. Citrus agribusiness development in Lebong is certainly supported by the role of stakeholders and citrus farmers, as well as the proper dissemination methods. Adoption in the extension process substantially can be interpreted as the changes of behavior process such as knowledge (cognitive), attitudes (affective), and skill (psycho-motoric) in a person after receiving "innovation" from extension submitted by target communities. Knowledge and perception are needed as a first step in adopting a innovation, especially of citrus agribusiness development in Lebong. The process of Specific technology adoption is influenced by internal factors and farmer perceptions of technological innovation. Internal factors such as formal education, experience trying to farm, owned land, production farm goods. The output of this study: 1) to analyze the effectiveness of field trial methods in improving cognitive and affective farmers; 2) Knowing the relationship of adoption level and knowledge of farmers; 3) to analyze the factors that influence farmers' adoption of citrus technology innovation. The method of this study is through the survey to 40 respondents in Rimbo Pengadang Sub District, Lebong District in 2014. Analyzing data is done by descriptive and statistical parametric (multiple linear functions). The results showed that: 1) Field trip method is effective to improve the farmer knowledge (23,17% ) and positively affect the farmer attitude; 2) the knowledge level of PTKJS innovation farmers "positively and very closely related".; 3) the factors that influence the level of farmers' adoption are internal factors (education, knowledge, and the intensity of training), and external factors respondents (distance from the house to the garden and from the house to production facilities shop). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affect" title="affect">affect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption%20technology" title=" adoption technology"> adoption technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20gerga" title=" citrus gerga"> citrus gerga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness%20dissemination" title=" effectiveness dissemination"> effectiveness dissemination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77907/the-effectiveness-and-the-factors-affect-farmers-adoption-of-technological-innovation-citrus-gerga-lebong-in-bengkulu-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Citrus aurantium Aqueous Pollen Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Karimi">Mohammad Ali Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Tavallali"> Hossein Tavallali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolhamid%20Hatefi-Mehrjardi"> Abdolhamid Hatefi-Mehrjardi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pollen extract of in vitro plants raised of Citrus aurantium as reducer and stabilizer was assessed for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesis of AgNPs was performed at room temperature assisting in solutions by reduction takes place rapidly for 10 min. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks in UV–Vis spectra indicated the formation of polydispersive AgNPs. Silver ions concentration, pH, temperature and reaction time were optimized in the synthesis of AgNPs. The nanoparticles obtained were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized AgNPs were mostly spherical in shape with an average size of 15 nm. XRD study shows that the AgNPs are crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic (fcc) geometry. It shows the significant antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) by disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton Agar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20synthesis" title="green synthesis">green synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20aurantium" title=" Citrus aurantium"> Citrus aurantium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46377/green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-from-citrus-aurantium-aqueous-pollen-extract-and-their-antibacterial-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Effectiveness of Biopesticide against Insects Pest and Its Quality of Pomelo (Citrus maxima Merr.) </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Pangnakorn">U. Pangnakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chuenchooklin"> S. Chuenchooklin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effect of biopesticide from wood vinegar and extracted substances from 3 medicinal plants such as: non taai yak (Stemona tuberosa Lour), boraphet (Tinospora crispa Mier) and derris (Derris elliptica Roxb) were tested on the age five years of pomelo. The selected pomelo was carried out for insects pest control and its quality. The experimental site was located at farmer’s orchard in Phichit Province, Thailand. This study was undertaken during the drought season (December to March). The extracted from plants and wood vinegar were evaluated in 6 treatments: 1) water as control; 2) wood vinegar; 3) S. tuberosa Lour; 4) T. crispa Mier; 5) D. elliptica Roxb; 6) mixed (wood vinegar + S. tuberosa Lour + T. crispa Mier + D. elliptica Roxb). The experiment was RCB with 6 treatments and 3 replications per treatment. The results showed that T. crispa Mier was the highest effectiveness for reduction population of thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) and citrus leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton) at 14.10 and 15.37 respectively, followed by treatment of mixed, D. elliptica Roxb, S. tuberosa Lour and wood vinegar with significance different. Additionally, T. crispa Mier promoted the high quality of harvested pomelo in term of thickness of skin at 12.45 mm and S. tuberosa Lour gave the high quality of the pomelo in term of firmness (276.5 kg/cm2) and brix (11.0%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20vinegar" title="wood vinegar">wood vinegar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title=" medicinal plants"> medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pomelo%20%28Citrus%20maxima%20Merr.%29" title=" Pomelo (Citrus maxima Merr.)"> Pomelo (Citrus maxima Merr.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thrips%20%28Scirtothrips%20dorsalis%20Hood%29" title=" Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood)"> Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus%20leaf%20miner%20%28Phyllocnistis%20citrella%20Stainton%29" title=" citrus leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton) "> citrus leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26281/effectiveness-of-biopesticide-against-insects-pest-and-its-quality-of-pomelo-citrus-maxima-merr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Effect of Supplementation with Fresh Citrus Pulp on Growth Performance, Slaughter Traits and Mortality in Guinea Pigs </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Minguez">Carlos Minguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20F.%20Sagbay"> Christian F. Sagbay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erika%20E.%20Ordo%C3%B1ez"> Erika E. Ordoñez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) play prominent roles as experimental models for medical research and as pets. However, in developing countries like South America, the Philippines, and sub-Saharan Africa, the meat of guinea pigs is an economic source of animal protein for the poor and malnourished humans because guinea pigs are mainly fed with forage and do not compete directly with human beings for food resources, such as corn or wheat. To achieve efficient production of guinea pigs, it is essential to provide insurance against vitamin C deficiency. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the partial replacement of alfalfa with fresh citrus pulp (Citrus sinensis) in a diet of guinea pigs on the growth performance, slaughter traits and mortality during the fattening period (between 20 and 74 days of age). A total of 300 guinea pigs were housed in collective cages of about ten animals (2 x 1 x 0.4 m) and were distributed into two completely randomized groups. Guinea pigs in both groups were fed ad libitum, with a standard commercial pellet diet (10 MJ of digestible energy/kg, 17% crude protein, 11% crude fiber, and 4.5% crude fat). Control group was supplied with fresh alfalfa as forage. In the treatment group, 30% of alfalfa was replaced by fresh citrus pulp. Growth traits, including body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were measured weekly. On day 74, the animals were slaughtered, and slaughter traits, including live weight at slaughter (LWS), full gastrointestinal tract weight (FGTW), hot carcass weight (with head; HCW), cold carcass weight (with head; CCW), drip loss percentage (DLP) and dressing out carcass yield percentage (DCY), were evaluated. Contrasts between groups were obtained by calculated generalized least squares values. Mortality was evaluated by Fisher's exact test due to low numbers in some cells. In the first week, there were significant differences in the growth traits BW, ADG, FI, and FCR, which were superior in control group. These differences may have been due to the origin of the young guinea pigs, which, before weaning, were all raised without fresh citrus pulp, and they were not familiarized with the new supplement. In the second week, treatment group had significantly increased ADG compared with control group, which may have been the result of a process of compensatory growth. During subsequent weeks, no significant differences were observed between animals raised in the two groups. Neither were any significant differences observed across the total fattening period. No significant differences in slaughter traits or mortality rate were observed between animals from the two groups. In conclusion, although there were no significant differences in growth performance, slaughter traits, or mortality, the use of fresh citrus pulp is recommended. Fresh citrus pulp is a by-product of orange juice industry and it is cheap or free. Forage made with fresh citrus pulp could reduce about of 30 % the quantity of alfalfa in guinea pig for meat and as consequence, reduce the production costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20citrus" title="fresh citrus">fresh citrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guinea%20pig" title=" Guinea pig"> Guinea pig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60983/effect-of-supplementation-with-fresh-citrus-pulp-on-growth-performance-slaughter-traits-and-mortality-in-guinea-pigs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Combination of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data for Citrus Yield Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hmimou">Mohammed Hmimou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Amediaz"> Khalid Amediaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imane%20Sebari"> Imane Sebari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Bounajma"> Nabil Bounajma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Annual crop production is one of the most important macroeconomic indicators for the majority of countries around the world. This information is valuable, especially for exporting countries which need a yield estimation before harvest in order to correctly plan the supply chain. When it comes to estimating agricultural yield, especially for arboriculture, conventional methods are mostly applied. In the case of the citrus industry, the sale before harvest is largely practiced, which requires an estimation of the production when the fruit is on the tree. However, conventional method based on the sampling surveys of some trees within the field is always used to perform yield estimation, and the success of this process mainly depends on the expertise of the ‘estimator agent’. The present study aims to propose a methodology based on the combination of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) point cloud to estimate citrus production. During data acquisition, a fixed wing and rotatory drones, as well as a terrestrial laser scanner, were tested. After that, a pre-processing step was performed in order to generate point cloud and digital surface model. At the processing stage, a machine vision workflow was implemented to extract points corresponding to fruits from the whole tree point cloud, cluster them into fruits, and model them geometrically in a 3D space. By linking the resulting geometric properties to the fruit weight, the yield can be estimated, and the statistical distribution of fruits size can be generated. This later property, which is information required by importing countries of citrus, cannot be estimated before harvest using the conventional method. Since terrestrial laser scanner is static, data gathering using this technology can be performed over only some trees. So, integration of drone data was thought in order to estimate the yield over a whole orchard. To achieve that, features derived from drone digital surface model were linked to yield estimation by laser scanner of some trees to build a regression model that predicts the yield of a tree given its features. Several missions were carried out to collect drone and laser scanner data within citrus orchards of different varieties by testing several data acquisition parameters (fly height, images overlap, fly mission plan). The accuracy of the obtained results by the proposed methodology in comparison to the yield estimation results by the conventional method varies from 65% to 94% depending mainly on the phenological stage of the studied citrus variety during the data acquisition mission. The proposed approach demonstrates its strong potential for early estimation of citrus production and the possibility of its extension to other fruit trees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus" title="citrus">citrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20surface%20model" title=" digital surface model"> digital surface model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20cloud" title=" point cloud"> point cloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrestrial%20laser%20scanner" title=" terrestrial laser scanner"> terrestrial laser scanner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title=" UAV"> UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20estimation" title=" yield estimation"> yield estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20modeling" title=" 3D modeling"> 3D modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104929/combination-of-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-and-terrestrial-laser-scanner-data-for-citrus-yield-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Exploring the Feasibility of Introducing Particular Polyphenols into Cow Milk Naturally through Animal Feeding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20H.%20Y.%20Lee">Steve H. Y. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeremy%20P.%20E.%20Spencer"> Jeremy P. E. Spencer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility of enriching polyphenols in cow milk via addition of flavanone-rich citrus pulp to existing animal feed. 8 Holstein lactating cows were enrolled onto the 4 week feeding study. 4 cows were fed the standard farm diet (control group), with another 4 (treatment group) which are fed a standard farm diet mixed with citrus pulp diet. Milk was collected twice a day, 3 times a week. The resulting milk yield and its macronutrient composition as well as lactose content were measured. The milk phenolic compounds were analysed using electrochemical detection (ECD). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk" title="milk">milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenol" title=" polyphenol"> polyphenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20feeding" title=" animal feeding"> animal feeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactating%20cows" title=" lactating cows"> lactating cows</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11683/exploring-the-feasibility-of-introducing-particular-polyphenols-into-cow-milk-naturally-through-animal-feeding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20reticulata%20Blanco&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20reticulata%20Blanco&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20reticulata%20Blanco&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20reticulata%20Blanco&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20reticulata%20Blanco&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>