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<div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">William Blake</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Log%26type%3Dreview%26page%3DWilliam_Blake">reviewed</a> on 20 February 2025. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For other people named William Blake, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="William Blake (disambiguation)">William Blake (disambiguation)</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his life, Blake has become a seminal figure in the history of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantic_poetry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantic poetry">poetry</a> and visual art of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanticism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanticism">Romantic Age</a>. What he called his "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake%27s_prophetic_books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake's prophetic books">prophetic works</a>" were said by 20th-century critic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northrop_Frye?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northrop Frye">Northrop Frye</a> to form "what is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English language".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> While he lived in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London">London</a> his entire life, except for three years spent in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Felpham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Felpham">Felpham</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> he produced a diverse and symbolically rich collection of works, which embraced the imagination as "the body of God",<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> or "human existence itself".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"> <div style="display:inline;" class="fn"> William Blake </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait by Thomas Phillips (1807)"><img alt="Portrait by Thomas Phillips (1807)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/William_Blake_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/220px-William_Blake_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/William_Blake_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/330px-William_Blake_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/William_Blake_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/440px-William_Blake_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1536"></a> <div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;"> Portrait by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Phillips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Phillips">Thomas Phillips</a> (1807) </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">(1757-11-28)28 November 1757 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soho">Soho</a>, London, England</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">12 August 1827(1827-08-12) (aged 69) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charing_Cross?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charing Cross">Charing Cross</a>, London,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-death-1">[1]</a> England</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th> <td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li>Poet</li> <li>painter</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Printmaker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Printmaker">printmaker</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanticism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Songs of Innocence and of Experience">Songs of Innocence and of Experience</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Heaven_and_Hell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Marriage of Heaven and Hell">The Marriage of Heaven and Hell</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vala,_or_The_Four_Zoas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vala, or The Four Zoas">The Four Zoas</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem_The_Emanation_of_the_Giant_Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem The Emanation of the Giant Albion">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton:_A_Poem_in_Two_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton: A Poem in Two Books">Milton</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catherine_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catherine Blake">Catherine Boucher</a> </div> <div style="display:inline-block;"> </div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1782) </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake_signature.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/William_Blake_signature.svg/150px-William_Blake_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/William_Blake_signature.svg/225px-William_Blake_signature.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/William_Blake_signature.svg/300px-William_Blake_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="121"></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Although Blake was considered mad by contemporaries for his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idiosyncratic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiosyncratic">idiosyncratic</a> views, he came to be highly regarded by later critics and readers for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. His paintings and poetry have been characterised as part of the Romantic movement and as "Pre-Romantic".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a> A theist who preferred his own <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcionite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcionite">Marcionite</a> style of theology,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> he was hostile to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_of_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> (indeed, to almost all forms of organised religion), and was influenced by the ideals and ambitions of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_Revolution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French Revolution">French</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Revolution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American Revolution">American Revolutions</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Although later he rejected many of these political beliefs, he maintained an amicable relationship with the political activist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Paine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>; he was also influenced by thinkers such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emanuel Swedenborg">Emanuel Swedenborg</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Despite these known influences, the singularity of Blake's work makes him difficult to classify. The 19th-century scholar <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Michael_Rossetti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Michael Rossetti">William Michael Rossetti</a> characterised him as a "glorious luminary",<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and "a man not forestalled by predecessors, nor to be classed with contemporaries, nor to be replaced by known or readily surmisable successors".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Collaboration with his wife, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catherine_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catherine Blake">Catherine Boucher</a>, was instrumental in the creation of many of his books. Boucher worked as a printmaker and colorist for his works. "For almost forty-five years she was the person who lived and worked most closely with Blake, enabling him to realize numerous projects, impossible without her assistance. Catherine was an artist and printer in her own right", writes literary scholar Angus Whitehead.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-14">[14]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Early_life">1 Early life</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Apprenticeship">1.1 Apprenticeship</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Royal_Academy">1.2 Royal Academy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gordon_Riots">1.3 Gordon Riots</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Marriage_and_collaboration_with_Catherine_Boucher">2 Marriage and collaboration with Catherine Boucher</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Career">3 Career</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Early_work">3.1 Early work</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Relief_etching">3.2 Relief etching</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Engravings">3.3 Engravings</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Later_life">4 Later life</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Felpham">4.1 Felpham</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Return_to_London">4.2 Return to London</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Final_years">5 Final years</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Opinions">6 Opinions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politics">6.1 Politics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Development_of_views">6.2 Development of views</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religious_views">6.3 Religious views</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Enlightenment_philosophy">7 Enlightenment philosophy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sexuality">8 Sexuality</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%22Free_Love%22">8.1 "Free Love"</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Legacy">9 Legacy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Creativity">9.1 Creativity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Visions">9.2 Visions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cultural_influence">9.3 Cultural influence</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Exhibitions">10 Exhibitions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliography">11 Bibliography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Illuminated_books">11.1 Illuminated books</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Non-illuminated">11.2 Non-illuminated</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Illustrated_by_Blake">11.3 Illustrated by Blake</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">12 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">13 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">14 External links</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Profiles">14.1 Profiles</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Archives">14.2 Archives</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:WilliamBlake%27sHouse.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WilliamBlake%27sHouse.jpg/170px-WilliamBlake%27sHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="1834"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 267px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WilliamBlake%27sHouse.jpg/170px-WilliamBlake%27sHouse.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WilliamBlake%27sHouse.jpg/255px-WilliamBlake%27sHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/WilliamBlake%27sHouse.jpg/340px-WilliamBlake%27sHouse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> 28 Broad Street (now <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Broadwick_Street?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Broadwick Street">Broadwick Street</a>) in an illustration of 1912. Blake was born here and lived here until he was 25. The house was demolished in 1965.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> </figcaption> </figure> William Blake was born on 28 November 1757 at 28 Broad Street (now <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Broadwick_Street?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Broadwick Street">Broadwick Street</a>) in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soho">Soho</a>, London. He was the third of seven children,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bent-17">[17]</a> two of whom died in infancy. Blake's father, James, was a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hosier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosier">hosier</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bent-17">[17]</a> who had lived in London.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> He attended school only long enough to learn reading and writing, leaving at the age of 10, and was otherwise educated at home by his mother Catherine Blake (née Wright).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Raine-19">[19]</a> Even though the Blakes were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_Dissenters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English Dissenters">English Dissenters</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-The_Stranger_From_Paradise_2001-20">[20]</a> William was baptised on 11 December at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_James%27s_Church,_Piccadilly?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St James's Church, Piccadilly">St James's Church</a>, Piccadilly, London.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The Bible was an early and profound influence on Blake, and remained a source of inspiration throughout his life. Blake's childhood, according to him, included <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mysticism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mysticism">mystical</a> religious experiences such as "beholding God's face pressed against his window, seeing angels among the haystacks, and being visited by the Old Testament prophet <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ezekiel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Blake started engraving copies of drawings of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classical_Greece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Classical Greece">Greek</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquities">antiquities</a> purchased for him by his father, a practice that was preferred to actual drawing. In these drawings Blake found his first exposure to classical forms through the work of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raphael?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michelangelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maarten_van_Heemskerck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maarten van Heemskerck">Maarten van Heemskerck</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>. The number of prints and bound books that James and Catherine were able to purchase for young William suggests that the Blakes enjoyed, at least for a time, a comfortable wealth.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-The_Stranger_From_Paradise_2001-20">[20]</a> When William was ten years old, his parents knew enough of his headstrong temperament that he was not sent to school but instead enrolled in drawing classes at Henry Pars's drawing school in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strand,_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strand, London">the Strand</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> He read avidly on subjects of his own choosing. During this period, Blake made explorations into poetry; his early work displays knowledge of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben_Jonson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edmund_Spenser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psalms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Apprenticeship">Apprenticeship</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Apprenticeship" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake_-_Sconfitta_-_Frontispiece_to_The_Song_of_Los.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/William_Blake_-_Sconfitta_-_Frontispiece_to_The_Song_of_Los.jpg/220px-William_Blake_-_Sconfitta_-_Frontispiece_to_The_Song_of_Los.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2209" data-file-height="2877"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 287px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/William_Blake_-_Sconfitta_-_Frontispiece_to_The_Song_of_Los.jpg/220px-William_Blake_-_Sconfitta_-_Frontispiece_to_The_Song_of_Los.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="287" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/William_Blake_-_Sconfitta_-_Frontispiece_to_The_Song_of_Los.jpg/330px-William_Blake_-_Sconfitta_-_Frontispiece_to_The_Song_of_Los.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/William_Blake_-_Sconfitta_-_Frontispiece_to_The_Song_of_Los.jpg/440px-William_Blake_-_Sconfitta_-_Frontispiece_to_The_Song_of_Los.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The archetype of the Creator is a familiar image in Blake's work. Here, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demiurge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demiurge">demiurgic</a> figure <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urizen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urizen">Urizen</a> prays before the world he has forged. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Song_of_Los?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Song of Los">Song of Los</a> is the third in a series of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated books</a> painted by Blake and his wife, collectively known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continental_Prophecies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Prophecies">Continental Prophecies</a>. </figcaption> </figure> On 4 August 1772, Blake was apprenticed to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Engraver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Engraver">engraver</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Basire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Basire">James Basire</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Queen_Street?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Queen Street">Great Queen Street</a>, at the sum of £52.10, for a term of seven years.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bent-17">[17]</a> At the end of the term, aged 21, he became a professional engraver. No record survives of any serious disagreement or conflict between the two during the period of Blake's apprenticeship, but <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a>'s biography notes that Blake later added Basire's name to a list of artistic adversaries; and then crossed it out.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> This aside, Basire's style of line-engraving was of a kind held at the time to be old-fashioned compared to the flashier <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stipple?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stipple">stipple</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mezzotint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mezzotint">mezzotint</a> styles.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> It has been speculated that Blake's instruction in this outmoded form may have been detrimental to his acquiring work or recognition in later life.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> After two years, Basire sent his apprentice to copy images from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gothic_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> churches in London (perhaps to settle a quarrel between Blake and James Parker, his fellow apprentice). His experiences in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westminster_Abbey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> helped form his artistic style and ideas. The Abbey in his day was decorated with suits of armour, painted funeral effigies and varicoloured waxworks. Ackroyd notes that "the most immediate [impression] would have been of faded brightness and colour".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a> This close study of the Gothic (which he saw as the "living form") left clear traces in his style.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-The_Life_of_William_Blake-28">[28]</a> In the long afternoons Blake spent sketching in the Abbey, he was occasionally interrupted by boys from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westminster_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westminster School">Westminster School</a>, who were allowed in the Abbey. They teased him and one tormented him so much that Blake knocked the boy off a scaffold to the ground, "upon which he fell with terrific Violence".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a> After Blake complained to the Dean, the schoolboys' privilege was withdrawn.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-The_Life_of_William_Blake-28">[28]</a> Blake claimed that he experienced visions in the Abbey. He <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Visions_of_Jesus_and_Mary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Visions of Jesus and Mary">saw Christ</a> with his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> and a great procession of monks and priests, and heard their chant.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-The_Life_of_William_Blake-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Royal_Academy">Royal Academy</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Royal Academy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 8 October 1779, Blake became a student at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Academy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a> in Old Somerset House, near the Strand.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> While the terms of his study required no payment, he was expected to supply his own materials throughout the six-year period. There, he rebelled against what he regarded as the unfinished style of fashionable painters such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Rubens</a>, championed by the school's first president, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a>. Over time, Blake came to detest Reynolds' attitude towards art, especially his pursuit of "general truth" and "general beauty". Reynolds wrote in his Discourses that the "disposition to abstractions, to generalising and classification, is the great glory of the human mind"; Blake responded, in marginalia to his personal copy, that "To Generalize is to be an Idiot; To Particularize is the Alone Distinction of Merit".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Blake also disliked Reynolds' apparent humility, which he held to be a form of hypocrisy. Against Reynolds' fashionable <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oil_painting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a>, Blake preferred the Classical precision of his early influences, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michelangelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raphael?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>. David Bindman suggests that Blake's antagonism towards Reynolds arose not so much from the president's opinions (like Blake, Reynolds held <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_painting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History painting">history painting</a> to be of greater value than landscape and portraiture), but rather "against his hypocrisy in not putting his ideals into practice".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Certainly Blake was not averse to exhibiting at the Royal Academy, submitting works on six occasions between 1780 and 1808. Blake became a friend of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Flaxman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Flaxman">John Flaxman</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Stothard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Stothard">Thomas Stothard</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Cumberland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Cumberland">George Cumberland</a> during his first year at the Royal Academy. They shared radical views, with Stothard and Cumberland joining the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Society_for_Constitutional_Information?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Society for Constitutional Information">Society for Constitutional Information</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Gordon_Riots">Gordon Riots</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Gordon Riots" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Blake's first biographer, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Gilchrist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander Gilchrist">Alexander Gilchrist</a>, records that in June 1780 Blake was walking towards Basire's shop in Great Queen Street when he was swept up by a rampaging mob that stormed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newgate_Prison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newgate Prison">Newgate Prison</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The mob attacked the prison gates with shovels and pickaxes, set the building ablaze, and released the prisoners inside. Blake was reportedly in the front rank of the mob during the attack. The riots, in response to a parliamentary bill revoking sanctions against Roman Catholicism, became known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gordon_Riots?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gordon Riots">Gordon Riots</a> and provoked a flurry of legislation from the government of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a>, and the creation of the first police force.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Marriage_and_collaboration_with_Catherine_Boucher">Marriage and collaboration with Catherine Boucher</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Marriage and collaboration with Catherine Boucher" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> In 1781 William met <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catherine_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catherine Blake">Catherine Boucher</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a> when he was recovering from a relationship that had culminated in a refusal of his marriage proposal. He recounted the story of his heartbreak for Catherine and her parents, after which he asked Catherine: "Do you pity me?" When she responded affirmatively, he declared: "Then I love you". William married Catherine, who was five years his junior, on 18 August 1782 in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Battersea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Mary's Church, Battersea">St Mary's Church, Battersea</a>. Illiterate, Catherine signed her wedding contract with an X. The original wedding certificate may be viewed at the church, where a commemorative stained-glass window was installed between 1976 and 1982.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The marriage was successful and Catherine became William's "partner in both life and work", undertaking important roles as an engraver and colourist. According to the Tate Gallery, Catherine mixed and applied his paint colours.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-37">[37]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-14">[14]</a> One of Catherine Blake's most noted works is the colouring of the cover of the book <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Europe:_A_Prohecy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Europe: A Prohecy (page does not exist)">Europe: A Prophecy</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-37">[37]</a> William Blake's 1863 biographer, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Gilchrist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander Gilchrist">Alexander Gilchrist</a>, wrote, "The poet and his wife did everything in making the book - writing, designing, printing, engraving - everything except manufacturing the paper: the very ink, or colour rather, they did make."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-37">[37]</a> In 2019 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tate_Britain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a>'s Blake exhibition gave particular focus to Catherine Boucher's role in William Blake's work.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Career">Career</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Early_work">Early work</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Early work" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Oberon,_Titania_and_Puck_with_Fairies_Dancing._William_Blake._c.1786.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Oberon%2C_Titania_and_Puck_with_Fairies_Dancing._William_Blake._c.1786.jpg/240px-Oberon%2C_Titania_and_Puck_with_Fairies_Dancing._William_Blake._c.1786.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1414"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 170px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Oberon%2C_Titania_and_Puck_with_Fairies_Dancing._William_Blake._c.1786.jpg/240px-Oberon%2C_Titania_and_Puck_with_Fairies_Dancing._William_Blake._c.1786.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Oberon%2C_Titania_and_Puck_with_Fairies_Dancing._William_Blake._c.1786.jpg/360px-Oberon%2C_Titania_and_Puck_with_Fairies_Dancing._William_Blake._c.1786.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Oberon%2C_Titania_and_Puck_with_Fairies_Dancing._William_Blake._c.1786.jpg/480px-Oberon%2C_Titania_and_Puck_with_Fairies_Dancing._William_Blake._c.1786.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Oberon, Titania and Puck with Fairies Dancing (1786) </figcaption> </figure> Around 1783, Blake's first collection of poems, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poetical_Sketches?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poetical Sketches">Poetical Sketches</a>, was printed.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In 1784, after his father's death, Blake and former fellow apprentice James Parker opened a print shop. They began working with radical publisher <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Johnson_(publisher)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Johnson (publisher)">Joseph Johnson</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Johnson's house was a meeting-place for some leading English intellectual dissidents of the time: theologian and scientist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Priestley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a>; philosopher <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Price?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Price">Richard Price</a>; artist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Henry_Fuseli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henry Fuseli">John Henry Fuseli</a>;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a> early feminist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a>; and English-American revolutionary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Paine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>. Along with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Wordsworth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Godwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Godwin">William Godwin</a>, Blake had great hopes for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_Revolution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French Revolution">French</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Revolution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American Revolution">American</a> revolutions and wore a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phrygian_cap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phrygian cap">Phrygian cap</a> in solidarity with the French revolutionaries, but despaired with the rise of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reign_of_Terror?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a> in France. That same year, Blake composed his unfinished manuscript <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/An_Island_in_the_Moon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="An Island in the Moon">An Island in the Moon</a> (1784).[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Blake illustrated <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Original_Stories_from_Real_Life?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Original Stories from Real Life">Original Stories from Real Life</a> (2nd edition, 1791) by Mary Wollstonecraft. Although they seem to have shared some views on sexual equality and the institution of marriage, no evidence is known that would prove that they had met. In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Visions_of_the_Daughters_of_Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Visions of the Daughters of Albion">Visions of the Daughters of Albion</a> (1793), Blake condemned the cruel absurdity of enforced chastity and marriage without love and defended the right of women to complete self-fulfilment.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] From 1790 to 1800, William Blake lived in North <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lambeth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lambeth">Lambeth</a>, London, at 13 Hercules Buildings, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hercules_Road?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hercules Road">Hercules Road</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The property was demolished in 1918, but the site is marked with a plaque.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> A series of 70 mosaics commemorates Blake in the nearby railway tunnels of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Waterloo_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Waterloo station">Waterloo Station</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-46">[46]</a> The mosaics largely reproduce illustrations from Blake's illuminated books, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Songs of Innocence and of Experience">The Songs of Innocence and of Experience</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Heaven_and_Hell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Marriage of Heaven and Hell">The Marriage of Heaven and Hell</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake%27s_prophetic_books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake's prophetic books">prophetic books</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Relief_etching">Relief etching</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Relief etching" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1788, aged 31, Blake experimented with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_etching?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Relief etching">relief etching</a>, a method he used to produce most of his books, paintings, pamphlets and poems. The process is also referred to as illuminated printing, and the finished products as illuminated books or prints. Illuminated printing involved writing the text of the poems on copper plates with pens and brushes, using an acid-resistant medium. Illustrations could appear alongside words in the manner of earlier <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscripts</a>. He then etched the plates in acid to dissolve the untreated copper and leave the design standing in relief (hence the name). This is a reversal of the usual method of etching, where the lines of the design are exposed to the acid, and the plate printed by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intaglio_(printmaking)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intaglio (printmaking)">intaglio</a> method. Relief etching (which Blake referred to as "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stereotype_(printing)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stereotype (printing)">stereotype</a>" in The Ghost of Abel) was intended as a means for producing his illuminated books more quickly than via intaglio. Stereotype, a process invented in 1725, consisted of making a metal cast from a wood engraving, but Blake's innovation was, as described above, very different. The pages printed from these plates were hand-coloured in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Watercolor_painting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Watercolor painting">watercolours</a> and stitched together to form a volume. Blake used illuminated printing for most of his well-known works, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Songs of Innocence and of Experience">Songs of Innocence and of Experience</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Book_of_Thel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Book of Thel">The Book of Thel</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Heaven_and_Hell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Marriage of Heaven and Hell">The Marriage of Heaven and Hell</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem_The_Emanation_of_the_Giant_Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem The Emanation of the Giant Albion">Jerusalem</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Engravings">Engravings</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Engravings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake-Europe_Supported_By_Africa_and_America_1796.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/William_Blake-Europe_Supported_By_Africa_and_America_1796.png/220px-William_Blake-Europe_Supported_By_Africa_and_America_1796.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 307px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/William_Blake-Europe_Supported_By_Africa_and_America_1796.png/220px-William_Blake-Europe_Supported_By_Africa_and_America_1796.png" data-width="220" data-height="307" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/William_Blake-Europe_Supported_By_Africa_and_America_1796.png/330px-William_Blake-Europe_Supported_By_Africa_and_America_1796.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/William_Blake-Europe_Supported_By_Africa_and_America_1796.png/440px-William_Blake-Europe_Supported_By_Africa_and_America_1796.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Europe Supported by Africa and America engraving by William Blake </figcaption> </figure> Although Blake has become better known for his relief etching, his commercial work largely consisted of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intaglio_(printmaking)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intaglio (printmaking)">intaglio engraving</a>, the standard process of engraving in the 18th century in which the artist incised an image into the copper plate, a complex and laborious process, with plates taking months or years to complete, but as Blake's contemporary, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Boydell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Boydell">John Boydell</a>, realised, such engraving offered a "missing link with commerce", enabling artists to connect with a mass audience and became an immensely important activity by the end of the 18th century.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Europe Supported by Africa and America is an engraving by Blake held in the collection of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Arizona_Museum_of_Art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Arizona Museum of Art">University of Arizona Museum of Art</a>. The engraving was for a book written by Blake's friend <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Gabriel_Stedman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Gabriel Stedman">John Gabriel Stedman</a> called The Narrative of a Five Years Expedition against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam (1796).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a> It depicts three women embracing one another. Black Africa and White Europe hold hands in a gesture of equality, as the barren earth blooms beneath their feet. Europe wears a string of pearls, while her sisters Africa and America are depicted wearing slave bracelets.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Erdman-50">[50]</a> Some scholars have speculated that the bracelets represent the "historical fact" of slavery in Africa and the Americas while the handclasp refer to Stedman's "ardent wish": "we only differ in color, but are certainly all created by the same Hand."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Erdman-50">[50]</a> Others have said it "expresses the climate of opinion in which the questions of color and slavery were, at that time, being considered, and which Blake's writings reflect."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Blake employed intaglio engraving in his own work, such as for his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake%27s_Illustrations_of_the_Book_of_Job?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job">Illustrations of the Book of Job</a>, completed just before his death. Most critical work has concentrated on Blake's relief etching as a technique because it is the most innovative aspect of his art, but a 2009 study drew attention to Blake's surviving plates, including those for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Book_of_Job?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a>: they demonstrate that he made frequent use of a technique known as "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Repoussage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Repoussage">repoussage</a>", a means of obliterating mistakes by hammering them out by hitting the back of the plate. Such techniques, typical of engraving work of the time, are very different from the much faster and fluid way of drawing on a plate that Blake employed for his relief etching, and indicates why the engravings took so long to complete.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Later life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake_House_in_Felpham.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/William_Blake_House_in_Felpham.JPG/220px-William_Blake_House_in_Felpham.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/William_Blake_House_in_Felpham.JPG/220px-William_Blake_House_in_Felpham.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/William_Blake_House_in_Felpham.JPG/330px-William_Blake_House_in_Felpham.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/William_Blake_House_in_Felpham.JPG/440px-William_Blake_House_in_Felpham.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The cottage in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Felpham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Felpham">Felpham</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blake%E2%80%99s_Cottage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Blake’s Cottage">Blake’s Cottage</a>, where Blake lived from 1800 until 1803 </figcaption> </figure> Blake's marriage to Catherine was close and devoted until his death. Blake taught Catherine to write, and she helped him colour his printed poems.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Gilchrist refers to "stormy times" in the early years of the marriage.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Some biographers have suggested that Blake tried to bring a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concubine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubine">concubine</a> into the marriage bed in accordance with the beliefs of the more radical branches of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swedenborgianism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedenborgianism">Swedenborgian Society</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a> but other scholars have dismissed these theories as conjecture.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In his Dictionary, Samuel Foster Damon suggests that Catherine may have had a stillborn daughter for which The Book of Thel is an elegy. That is how he rationalises the Book's unusual ending, but notes that he is speculating.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Felpham">Felpham</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Felpham" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1800, Blake moved to a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blake%E2%80%99s_Cottage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Blake’s Cottage">cottage</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Felpham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Felpham">Felpham</a>, in Sussex (now <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_Sussex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a>), to take up a job illustrating the works of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Hayley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Hayley">William Hayley</a>, a minor poet. It was in this cottage that Blake began <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton:_A_Poem_in_Two_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton: A Poem in Two Books">Milton</a> (the title page is dated 1804, but Blake continued to work on it until 1808). The preface to this work includes a poem beginning "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="And did those feet in ancient time">And did those feet in ancient time</a>", which became the words for the anthem "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Use_as_a_national_anthem" title="And did those feet in ancient time">Jerusalem</a>". Over time, Blake began to resent his new patron, believing that Hayley was uninterested in true artistry, and preoccupied with "the meer drudgery of business" (E724). Blake's disenchantment with Hayley has been speculated to have influenced Milton: a Poem, in which Blake wrote that "Corporeal Friends are Spiritual Enemies". (4:26, E98) <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake_-_Jerusalem,_Plate_51_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/William_Blake_-_Jerusalem%2C_Plate_51_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-William_Blake_-_Jerusalem%2C_Plate_51_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4486" data-file-height="3385"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/William_Blake_-_Jerusalem%2C_Plate_51_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-William_Blake_-_Jerusalem%2C_Plate_51_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/William_Blake_-_Jerusalem%2C_Plate_51_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-William_Blake_-_Jerusalem%2C_Plate_51_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/William_Blake_-_Jerusalem%2C_Plate_51_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-William_Blake_-_Jerusalem%2C_Plate_51_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> 'Skofeld' wearing "mind forged manacles" in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem:_The_Emanation_of_the_Giant_Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion">Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion</a>, Plate 51 </figcaption> </figure> Blake's trouble with authority came to a head in August 1803, when he was involved in a physical altercation with a soldier, John Schofield.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Blake was charged not only with assault, but with uttering seditious and treasonable expressions against the king. Schofield claimed that Blake had exclaimed "Damn the king. The soldiers are all slaves."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Blake was cleared in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chichester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chichester">Chichester</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assize?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Assize">assizes</a> of the charges. According to a report in the Sussex county paper, "[T]he invented character of [the evidence] was ... so obvious that an acquittal resulted".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Schofield was later depicted wearing "mind forged manacles" in an illustration to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem_The_Emanation_of_the_Giant_Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem The Emanation of the Giant Albion">Jerusalem The Emanation of the Giant Albion</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Return_to_London">Return to London</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Return to London" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake_by_John_Flaxman_c1804.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/William_Blake_by_John_Flaxman_c1804.jpg/220px-William_Blake_by_John_Flaxman_c1804.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="584"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 279px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/William_Blake_by_John_Flaxman_c1804.jpg/220px-William_Blake_by_John_Flaxman_c1804.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="279" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/William_Blake_by_John_Flaxman_c1804.jpg/330px-William_Blake_by_John_Flaxman_c1804.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/William_Blake_by_John_Flaxman_c1804.jpg/440px-William_Blake_by_John_Flaxman_c1804.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Sketch of Blake from, circa 1804, by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Flaxman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Flaxman">John Flaxman</a> </figcaption> </figure> Blake returned to London in 1804 and began to write and illustrate <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem_The_Emanation_of_the_Giant_Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem The Emanation of the Giant Albion">Jerusalem</a> (1804–20), his most ambitious work. Having conceived the idea of portraying the characters in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Chaucer</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Canterbury Tales">Canterbury Tales</a>, Blake approached the dealer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Cromek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Cromek">Robert Cromek</a>, with a view to marketing an engraving. Knowing Blake was too eccentric to produce a popular work, Cromek promptly commissioned Blake's friend Thomas Stothard to execute the concept. When Blake learned he had been cheated, he broke off contact with Stothard. He set up an independent exhibition in his brother's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haberdashery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Haberdashery">haberdashery</a> shop at 27 Broad Street in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soho">Soho</a>. The exhibition was designed to market his own version of the Canterbury illustration (titled The Canterbury Pilgrims), along with other works. As a result, he wrote his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Descriptive_Catalogue_(1809)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Descriptive Catalogue (1809)">Descriptive Catalogue</a> (1809), which contains what <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anthony_Blunt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anthony Blunt">Anthony Blunt</a> called a "brilliant analysis" of Chaucer and is regularly anthologised as a classic of Chaucer criticism.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[62]</a> It also contained detailed explanations of his other paintings. The exhibition was very poorly attended, selling none of the temperas or watercolours. Its only review, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Examiner_(1808%E2%80%9386)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Examiner (1808–86)">The Examiner</a>, was hostile.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake_003.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/William_Blake_003.jpg/220px-William_Blake_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2384" data-file-height="2932"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 271px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/William_Blake_003.jpg/220px-William_Blake_003.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="271" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/William_Blake_003.jpg/330px-William_Blake_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/William_Blake_003.jpg/440px-William_Blake_003.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Blake's The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with Sun (1805) is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Great_Red_Dragon_Paintings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Red Dragon Paintings">one of a series of illustrations</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Book_of_Revelation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a> 12. </figcaption> </figure> Also around this time (circa 1808), Blake gave vigorous expression of his views on art in an extensive series of polemical annotations to the Discourses of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joshua Reynolds">Sir Joshua Reynolds</a>, denouncing the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Academy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a> as a fraud and proclaiming, "To Generalize is to be an Idiot".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In 1818, he was introduced by George Cumberland's son to a young artist named <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Linnell_(painter)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Linnell (painter)">John Linnell</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[65]</a> A <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blue_plaque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> commemorates Blake and Linnell at Old Wyldes' at North End, Hampstead.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EngHet-66">[66]</a> Through Linnell he met <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Palmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Palmer">Samuel Palmer</a>, who belonged to a group of artists who called themselves the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a>. The group shared Blake's rejection of modern trends and his belief in a spiritual and artistic New Age. Aged 65, Blake began work on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake%27s_Illustrations_of_the_Book_of_Job?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job">illustrations</a> for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Book_of_Job?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a>, later admired by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Ruskin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a>, who compared Blake favourably to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rembrandt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>, and by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Vaughan Williams</a>, who based his ballet <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Job:_A_Masque_for_Dancing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Job: A Masque for Dancing">Job: A Masque for Dancing</a> on a selection of the illustrations. In later life Blake began to sell a great number of his works, particularly his Bible illustrations, to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Butts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Butts">Thomas Butts</a>, a patron who saw Blake more as a friend than a man whose work held artistic merit; this was typical of the opinions held of Blake throughout his life. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Blake_Dante_Hell_XII.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Blake_Dante_Hell_XII.jpg/220px-Blake_Dante_Hell_XII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="1298"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Blake_Dante_Hell_XII.jpg/220px-Blake_Dante_Hell_XII.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Blake_Dante_Hell_XII.jpg/330px-Blake_Dante_Hell_XII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Blake_Dante_Hell_XII.jpg/440px-Blake_Dante_Hell_XII.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> William Blake's image of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minotaur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minotaur">Minotaur</a> to illustrate Inferno, Canto XII, 12–28, The Minotaur XII </figcaption> </figure> The commission for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dante_Alighieri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divine_Comedy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a> came to Blake in 1826 through Linnell, with the aim of producing a series of engravings. Blake's death in 1827 cut short the enterprise, and only a handful of watercolours were completed, with only seven of the engravings arriving at proof form. Even so, they have earned praise: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"> [T]he Dante watercolours are among Blake's richest achievements, engaging fully with the problem of illustrating a poem of this complexity. The mastery of watercolour has reached an even higher level than before, and is used to extraordinary effect in differentiating the atmosphere of the three states of being in the poem.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[67]</a> </blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Blake_Dante_Hell_V.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Blake_Dante_Hell_V.jpg/220px-Blake_Dante_Hell_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="910"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Blake_Dante_Hell_V.jpg/220px-Blake_Dante_Hell_V.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Blake_Dante_Hell_V.jpg/330px-Blake_Dante_Hell_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Blake_Dante_Hell_V.jpg/440px-Blake_Dante_Hell_V.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Blake's The Lovers' Whirlwind illustrates Hell in Canto V of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dante_Alighieri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Blake's illustrations of the poem are not merely accompanying works, but rather seem to critically revise, or furnish commentary on, certain spiritual or moral aspects of the text. Because the project was never completed, Blake's intent may be obscured. Some indicators bolster the impression that Blake's illustrations in their totality would take issue with the text they accompany: in the margin of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homer">Homer</a> Bearing the Sword and His Companions, Blake notes, "Every thing in Dantes Comedia shews That for Tyrannical Purposes he has made This World the Foundation of All & the Goddess Nature & not the Holy Ghost." Blake seems to dissent from Dante's admiration of the poetic works of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancient_Greece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>, and from the apparent glee with which Dante allots punishments in Hell (as evidenced by the grim humour of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canto">cantos</a>). At the same time, Blake shared Dante's distrust of materialism and the corruptive nature of power, and clearly relished the opportunity to represent the atmosphere and imagery of Dante's work pictorially. Even as he seemed to be near death, Blake's central preoccupation was his feverish work on the illustrations to Dante's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a>; he is said to have spent one of the last <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shilling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shilling">shillings</a> he possessed on a pencil to continue sketching.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Final_years">Final years</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Final years" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:James_S_De_Ville_1776-1846_Head_of_William_Blake_-_Plaster_cast_-_Sept_1823_Fitzwilliam_Museum2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/James_S_De_Ville_1776-1846_Head_of_William_Blake_-_Plaster_cast_-_Sept_1823_Fitzwilliam_Museum2.jpg/220px-James_S_De_Ville_1776-1846_Head_of_William_Blake_-_Plaster_cast_-_Sept_1823_Fitzwilliam_Museum2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="740"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 286px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/James_S_De_Ville_1776-1846_Head_of_William_Blake_-_Plaster_cast_-_Sept_1823_Fitzwilliam_Museum2.jpg/220px-James_S_De_Ville_1776-1846_Head_of_William_Blake_-_Plaster_cast_-_Sept_1823_Fitzwilliam_Museum2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="286" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/James_S_De_Ville_1776-1846_Head_of_William_Blake_-_Plaster_cast_-_Sept_1823_Fitzwilliam_Museum2.jpg/330px-James_S_De_Ville_1776-1846_Head_of_William_Blake_-_Plaster_cast_-_Sept_1823_Fitzwilliam_Museum2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/James_S_De_Ville_1776-1846_Head_of_William_Blake_-_Plaster_cast_-_Sept_1823_Fitzwilliam_Museum2.jpg/440px-James_S_De_Ville_1776-1846_Head_of_William_Blake_-_Plaster_cast_-_Sept_1823_Fitzwilliam_Museum2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> "Head of William Blake" by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_De_Ville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James De Ville">James De Ville</a>. Life mask taken in plaster cast in September 1823, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fitzwilliam Museum">Fitzwilliam Museum</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Finsbury_bunhill_blake_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Finsbury_bunhill_blake_1.jpg/170px-Finsbury_bunhill_blake_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Finsbury_bunhill_blake_1.jpg/170px-Finsbury_bunhill_blake_1.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Finsbury_bunhill_blake_1.jpg/255px-Finsbury_bunhill_blake_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Finsbury_bunhill_blake_1.jpg/340px-Finsbury_bunhill_blake_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Headstone in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunhill_Fields?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunhill Fields">Bunhill Fields</a>, London, erected on Blake's grave in 1927 and moved to its present location in 1964–65 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bunhill_Blake_2018.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bunhill_Blake_2018.jpg/170px-Bunhill_Blake_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2583" data-file-height="3058"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 201px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bunhill_Blake_2018.jpg/170px-Bunhill_Blake_2018.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="201" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bunhill_Blake_2018.jpg/255px-Bunhill_Blake_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bunhill_Blake_2018.jpg/340px-Bunhill_Blake_2018.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ledger_stone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ledger stone">Ledger stone</a> on Blake's grave, unveiled in 2018 </figcaption> </figure> Blake's last years were spent at Fountain Court off the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strand,_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strand, London">Strand</a> (the property was demolished in the 1880s, when the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Savoy_Hotel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Savoy Hotel">Savoy Hotel</a> was built).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-death-1">[1]</a> On the day of his death (12 August 1827), Blake worked relentlessly on his Dante series. Eventually, it is reported, he ceased working and turned to his wife, who was in tears by his bedside. Beholding her, Blake is said to have cried, "Stay Kate! Keep just as you are – I will draw your portrait – for you have ever been an angel to me." Having completed this portrait (now lost), Blake laid down his tools and began to sing hymns and verses.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[69]</a> At six that evening, after promising his wife that he would be with her always, Blake died. Gilchrist reports that a female lodger in the house, present at his expiration, said, "I have been at the death, not of a man, but of a blessed angel."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Richmond_(painter)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Richmond (painter)">George Richmond</a> gives the following account of Blake's death in a letter to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Palmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Palmer">Samuel Palmer</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> He died ... in a most glorious manner. He said He was going to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heaven in Christianity">that Country</a> he had all His life wished to see & expressed Himself Happy, hoping for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a> through <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesus_Christ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> – Just before he died His Countenance became fair. His eyes Brighten'd and he burst out Singing of the things he saw in Heaven.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71">[71]</a> </blockquote> Catherine paid for Blake's funeral with money lent to her by Linnell. Blake's body was buried in a plot shared with others, five days after his death – on the eve of his 45th wedding anniversary – at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_Dissenters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English Dissenters">Dissenter</a>'s burial ground in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunhill_Fields?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunhill Fields">Bunhill Fields</a>, that became the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Borough_of_Islington?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Borough of Islington">London Borough of Islington</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-46">[46]</a> His parents' bodies were buried in the same graveyard. Present at the ceremonies were Catherine, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Calvert_(painter)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Calvert (painter)">Edward Calvert</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Richmond_(painter)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Richmond (painter)">George Richmond</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederick_Tatham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederick Tatham">Frederick Tatham</a> and John Linnell. Following Blake's death, Catherine moved into Tatham's house as a housekeeper. She believed she was regularly visited by Blake's spirit. She continued selling his illuminated works and paintings, but entertained no business transaction without first "consulting Mr. Blake".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[73]</a> On the day of her death, in October 1831, she was as calm and cheerful as her husband, and called out to him "as if he were only in the next room, to say she was coming to him, and it would not be long now."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[74]</a> On her death, longtime acquaintance Frederick Tatham took possession of Blake's works and continued selling them. Tatham later joined the fundamentalist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Irving?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Irving">Irvingite</a> church and under the influence of conservative members of that church burned manuscripts that he deemed heretical.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The exact number of destroyed manuscripts is unknown, but shortly before his death Blake told a friend he had written "twenty tragedies as long as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a>", none of which survive.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Another acquaintance, William Michael Rossetti, also burned works by Blake that he considered lacking in quality,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[77]</a> and John Linnell erased sexual imagery from a number of Blake's drawings.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[78]</a> At the same time, some works not intended for publication were preserved by friends, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Notebook_of_William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Notebook of William Blake">his notebook</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/An_Island_in_the_Moon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="An Island in the Moon">An Island in the Moon</a>. Blake's grave is commemorated by two stones. The first was a stone that reads "Near by lie the remains of the poet-painter William Blake 1757–1827 and his wife Catherine Sophia 1762–1831". The memorial stone is situated approximately 20 metres (66 ft) away from the actual grave, which was not marked until 12 August 2018.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-46">[46]</a> For years since 1965, the exact location of William Blake's grave had been lost and forgotten. The area had been damaged in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Second_World_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>; gravestones were removed and a garden was created. The memorial stone, indicating that the burial sites are "nearby", was listed as a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Listed_building?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listed building">Grade II listed structure</a> in 2011.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-theguardian1-80">[80]</a> A Portuguese couple, Carol and Luís Garrido, rediscovered the exact burial location after 14 years of investigatory work, and the Blake Society organised a permanent memorial slab, which was unveiled at a public ceremony at the site on 12 August 2018.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-46">[46]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-theguardian1-80">[80]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The new stone is inscribed "Here lies William Blake 1757–1827 Poet Artist Prophet" above a verse from his poem Jerusalem. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blake_Prize_for_Religious_Art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Blake Prize for Religious Art">Blake Prize for Religious Art</a> was established in his honour in Australia in 1949. In 1957 a memorial to Blake and his wife was erected in Westminster Abbey.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Another memorial lies in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_James%27s_Church,_Piccadilly?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St James's Church, Piccadilly">St James's Church, Piccadilly</a>, where he was baptised. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:A_memorial_to_William_Blake_in_St_James%27s_Church,_Piccadilly.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/A_memorial_to_William_Blake_in_St_James%27s_Church%2C_Piccadilly.jpg/220px-A_memorial_to_William_Blake_in_St_James%27s_Church%2C_Piccadilly.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3910" data-file-height="2930"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/A_memorial_to_William_Blake_in_St_James%27s_Church%2C_Piccadilly.jpg/220px-A_memorial_to_William_Blake_in_St_James%27s_Church%2C_Piccadilly.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/A_memorial_to_William_Blake_in_St_James%27s_Church%2C_Piccadilly.jpg/330px-A_memorial_to_William_Blake_in_St_James%27s_Church%2C_Piccadilly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/A_memorial_to_William_Blake_in_St_James%27s_Church%2C_Piccadilly.jpg/440px-A_memorial_to_William_Blake_in_St_James%27s_Church%2C_Piccadilly.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A memorial to William Blake in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_James%27s_Church,_Piccadilly?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St James's Church, Piccadilly">St James's Church, Piccadilly</a> </figcaption> </figure> At the time of Blake's death, he had sold fewer than 30 copies of Songs of Innocence and of Experience.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-flavorwire1-84">[84]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Opinions">Opinions</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Opinions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Blake was not active in any well-established political party. His poetry consistently embodies an attitude of rebellion against the abuse of class power as documented in David Erdman's major study <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blake:_Prophet_Against_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blake: Prophet Against Empire">Blake: Prophet Against Empire: A Poet's Interpretation of the History of His Own Times</a> (1954). Blake was concerned about senseless wars and the blighting effects of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrial_Revolution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>. Much of his poetry recounts in symbolic allegory the effects of the French and American revolutions. Erdman claims Blake was disillusioned with the political outcomes of the conflicts, believing they had simply replaced monarchy with irresponsible mercantilism. Erdman also notes Blake was deeply opposed to slavery and believes some of his poems, read primarily as championing "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_love?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free love">free love</a>", had their anti-slavery implications short-changed.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[85]</a> A more recent study, William Blake: Visionary Anarchist by Peter Marshall (1988), classified Blake and his contemporary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Godwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Godwin">William Godwin</a> as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Precursors_to_anarchism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Precursors to anarchism">forerunners of modern anarchism</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-marshall-86">[86]</a> British <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marxism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> historian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E._P._Thompson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="E. P. Thompson">E. P. Thompson</a>'s last finished work, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witness_Against_the_Beast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witness Against the Beast">Witness Against the Beast: William Blake and the Moral Law</a> (1993), claims to show how far he was inspired by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_Dissenters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English Dissenters">dissident religious ideas</a> rooted in the thinking of the most radical opponents of the monarchy during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_Civil_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Development_of_views">Development of views</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Development of views" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Blake_God_Blessing.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Blake_God_Blessing.jpg/200px-Blake_God_Blessing.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2401"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 240px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Blake_God_Blessing.jpg/200px-Blake_God_Blessing.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="240" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Blake_God_Blessing.jpg/300px-Blake_God_Blessing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Blake_God_Blessing.jpg/400px-Blake_God_Blessing.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> God blessing the seventh day, 1805 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Watercolor_painting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Watercolor painting">watercolour</a> </figcaption> </figure> Because Blake's later poetry contains a private mythology with complex symbolism, his late work has been less published than his earlier more accessible work. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vintage_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vintage Press">Vintage</a> anthology of Blake edited by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patti_Smith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a> focuses heavily on the earlier work, as do many critical studies such as William Blake by D. G. Gillham. The earlier work is primarily rebellious in character and can be seen as a protest against dogmatic religion especially notable in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, in which the figure represented by the "Devil" is virtually a hero rebelling against an imposter authoritarian deity. In later works, such as Milton and Jerusalem, Blake carves a distinctive vision of a humanity redeemed by self-sacrifice and forgiveness, while retaining his earlier negative attitude towards what he felt was the rigid and morbid authoritarianism of traditional religion. Not all readers of Blake agree upon how much continuity exists between Blake's earlier and later works. Psychoanalyst June Singer has written that Blake's late work displayed a development of the ideas first introduced in his earlier works, namely, the humanitarian goal of achieving personal wholeness of body and spirit. The final section of the expanded edition of her Blake study The Unholy Bible suggests the later works are the "Bible of Hell" promised in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. Regarding Blake's final poem, Jerusalem, she writes: "The promise of the divine in man, made in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, is at last fulfilled."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Middleton_Murry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Middleton Murry">John Middleton Murry</a> notes discontinuity between Marriage and the late works, in that while the early Blake focused on a "sheer negative opposition between Energy and Reason", the later Blake emphasised the notions of self-sacrifice and forgiveness as the road to interior wholeness. This renunciation of the sharper dualism of Marriage of Heaven and Hell is evidenced in particular by the humanisation of the character of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urizen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urizen">Urizen</a> in the later works. Murry characterises the later Blake as having found "mutual understanding" and "mutual forgiveness".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Religious views" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Europe_a_Prophecy,_copy_D,_object_1_(Bentley_1,_Erdman_i,_Keynes_i)_British_Museum.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg/220px-Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2975" data-file-height="4109"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 304px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg/220px-Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="304" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg/330px-Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg/440px-Europe_a_Prophecy%2C_copy_D%2C_object_1_%28Bentley_1%2C_Erdman_i%2C_Keynes_i%29_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urizen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urizen">Urizen</a> − from Blake's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Ancient_of_Days?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Ancient of Days">Ancient of Days</a>, 1794. The "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancient_of_Days?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancient of Days">Ancient of Days</a>" is described in Chapter 7 of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Book_of_Daniel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a>. This image depicts Copy D of the illustration currently held at the British Museum.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89">[89]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Regarding conventional religion, Blake was a satirist and ironist in his viewpoints which are illustrated and summarised in his poem <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vala,_or_The_Four_Zoas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vala, or The Four Zoas">Vala, or The Four Zoas</a>, one of his uncompleted <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake%27s_prophetic_books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake's prophetic books">prophetic books</a> begun in 1797. The demi-mythological and demi-religious main characters of the book are the Four Zoas (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urthona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urthona">Urthona</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urizen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urizen">Urizen</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luvah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luvah">Luvah</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tharmas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tharmas">Tharmas</a>), who were created by the fall of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albion_(Blake)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albion (Blake)">Albion</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake%27s_mythology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake's mythology">Blake's mythology</a>. It consists of nine books, referred to as "nights". These outline the interactions of the Zoas, their fallen forms and their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emanationism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emanationism">Emanations</a>. Blake intended the book to be a summation of his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake%27s_mythology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake's mythology">mythic universe</a>. Blake's Four Zoas, which represent four aspects of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/God_in_Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="God in Christianity">Almighty God</a> and Vala is the first work to mention them.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In particular, Blake's God/Man union is broken down into the bodily components of Urizen (head), Urthona (loins), Luvah (heart), and Tharmas (unity of the body) with paired <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emanationism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emanationism">Emanations</a> being <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ahania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ahania">Ahania</a> (wisdom, from the head), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enitharmon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enitharmon">Enitharmon</a> (what can't be attained in nature, from the loins), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vala_(Blake)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vala (Blake)">Vala</a> (nature, from the heart), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enion">Enion</a> (earth mother, from the separation of unity).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91">[91]</a> As connected to Blake's understanding of the divine, the Zoas are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/God_the_Father?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="God the Father">God the Father</a> (Tharmas, sense), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Son_of_God?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Son of God">Son of God</a> (Luvah, love), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holy_Spirit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Ghost</a> (Urthona, imagination), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian_teaching_about_the_Devil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian teaching about the Devil">Satan</a> who was originally of the divine substance (Urizen, reason) and their Emanations represent Sexual Urges (Enion), Nature (Vala), Inspiration (Enitharmon), and Pleasure (Ahania).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Blake believed that each person had a twofold identity with one half being good and the other evil. In Vala, both the character <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orc_(Blake)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orc (Blake)">Orc</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albion_(Blake)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albion (Blake)">The Eternal Man</a> discuss their selves as divided. By the time he was working on his later works, including Vala, Blake felt that he was able to overcome his inner battle but he was concerned about losing his artistic abilities. These thoughts carried over into Vala as the character Los (imagination) is connected to the image of Christ, and he added a Christian element to his mythic world. In the revised version of Vala, Blake added Christian and Hebrew images and describes how Los experiences a vision of the Lamb of God that regenerates Los's spirit. In opposition to Christ is Urizen and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Synagogue_of_Satan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Synagogue of Satan">Synagogue of Satan</a>, who later crucifies Christ. It is from them that Deism is born.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Blake-Abel.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blake-Abel.jpg/220px-Blake-Abel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1630"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 171px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blake-Abel.jpg/220px-Blake-Abel.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blake-Abel.jpg/330px-Blake-Abel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blake-Abel.jpg/440px-Blake-Abel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The Body of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cain_and_Abel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a> Found by Adam and Eve, c. 1825. Watercolour on wood. </figcaption> </figure> Blake did not subscribe to the notion of a body distinct from the soul that must submit to the rule of the soul, but sees the body as an extension of the soul, derived from the "discernment" of the senses. Thus, the emphasis orthodoxy places upon the denial of bodily urges is a dualistic error born of misapprehension of the relationship between body and soul. Elsewhere, he describes Satan as the "state of error", and as beyond salvation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Blake opposed the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sophism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophism">sophistry</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theology">theological</a> thought that excuses pain, admits evil and apologises for injustice. He abhorred self-denial,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95">[95]</a> which he associated with religious repression and particularly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexual_repression?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sexual repression">sexual repression</a>:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <blockquote> <div class="poem"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prudence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prudence">Prudence</a> is a rich ugly old maid courted by Incapacity. He who desires but acts not breeds <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pestilence" class="extiw" title="wikt:pestilence">pestilence</a>. (7.4–5, E35) </div> </blockquote> He saw the concept of "sin" as a trap to bind men's desires (the briars of Garden of Love), and believed that restraint in obedience to a moral code imposed from the outside was against the spirit of life: <blockquote> <div class="poem"> Abstinence sows sand all over The ruddy limbs & flaming hair But Desire Gratified Plants fruits & beauty there. (E474) </div> </blockquote> He did not hold with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/God_the_Father?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Christianity" title="God the Father">doctrine</a> of God as Lord, an entity separate from and superior to mankind;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[97]</a> this is shown clearly in his words about Jesus Christ: "He is the only God ... and so am I, and so are you." A telling phrase in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell is "men forgot that All deities reside in the human breast". </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Enlightenment_philosophy">Enlightenment philosophy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Enlightenment philosophy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Blake had a complex relationship with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> philosophy. His championing of the imagination as the most important element of human existence ran contrary to Enlightenment ideals of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rationalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rationalism">rationalism</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empiricism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empiricism">empiricism</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Due to his visionary religious beliefs, he opposed the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac_Newton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religious_thought" title="Isaac Newton">Newtonian</a> view of the universe. This mindset is reflected in an excerpt from Blake's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem_The_Emanation_of_the_Giant_Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem The Emanation of the Giant Albion">Jerusalem</a>: <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Newton-WilliamBlake.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Newton-WilliamBlake.jpg/240px-Newton-WilliamBlake.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4702" data-file-height="3617"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 185px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Newton-WilliamBlake.jpg/240px-Newton-WilliamBlake.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="185" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Newton-WilliamBlake.jpg/360px-Newton-WilliamBlake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Newton-WilliamBlake.jpg/480px-Newton-WilliamBlake.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Blake's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newton_(Blake)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newton (Blake)">Newton</a> (1795) demonstrates his opposition to the "single-vision" of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naturalism (philosophy)">scientific materialism</a>: Newton fixes his eye on a pair of compasses (recalling <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a> 8:27,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99">[99]</a> an important passage for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Milton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Milton">Milton</a>)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100">[100]</a> to write upon a scroll that seems to project from his own head.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </figcaption> </figure> <blockquote> <div class="poem"> I turn my eyes to the Schools & Universities of Europe And there behold the Loom of Locke whose Woof rages dire Washd by the Water-wheels of Newton. black the cloth In heavy wreathes folds over every Nation; cruel Works Of many Wheels I view, wheel without wheel, with cogs tyrannic Moving by compulsion each other: not as those in Eden: which Wheel within Wheel in freedom revolve in harmony & peace. (15.14–20, E159) </div> </blockquote> Blake believed the paintings of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joshua Reynolds">Sir Joshua Reynolds</a>, which depict the naturalistic fall of light upon objects, were products entirely of the "vegetative eye", and he saw Locke and Newton as "the true progenitors of Sir Joshua Reynolds' aesthetic".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The popular taste in the England of that time for such paintings was satisfied with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mezzotint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mezzotint">mezzotints</a>, prints produced by a process that created an image from thousands of tiny dots upon the page. Blake saw an analogy between this and Newton's particle theory of light.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Accordingly, Blake never used the technique, opting rather to develop a method of engraving purely in fluid line, insisting that: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> a Line or Lineament is not formed by Chance a Line is a Line in its Minutest Subdivision[s] Strait or Crooked It is Itself & Not Intermeasurable with or by any Thing Else Such is Job. (E784) </blockquote> It has been supposed that, despite his opposition to Enlightenment principles, Blake arrived at a linear aesthetic that was in many ways more similar to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neoclassicism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassical</a> engravings of John Flaxman than to the works of the Romantics, with whom he is often classified.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104">[104]</a> However, Blake's relationship with Flaxman seems to have grown more distant after Blake's return from Felpham, and there are surviving letters between Flaxman and Hayley wherein Flaxman speaks ill of Blake's theories of art.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Blake further criticised Flaxman's styles and theories of art in his responses to criticism made against his print of Chaucer's Caunterbury Pilgrims in 1810.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Sexuality" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id=""Free_Love"">"Free Love"</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: "Free Love"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake_Lot_and_His_Daughters_Butlin_381.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/William_Blake_Lot_and_His_Daughters_Butlin_381.jpg/220px-William_Blake_Lot_and_His_Daughters_Butlin_381.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4410" data-file-height="3096"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/William_Blake_Lot_and_His_Daughters_Butlin_381.jpg/220px-William_Blake_Lot_and_His_Daughters_Butlin_381.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/William_Blake_Lot_and_His_Daughters_Butlin_381.jpg/330px-William_Blake_Lot_and_His_Daughters_Butlin_381.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/William_Blake_Lot_and_His_Daughters_Butlin_381.jpg/440px-William_Blake_Lot_and_His_Daughters_Butlin_381.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Blake's Lot and His Daughters, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huntington_Library?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huntington Library">Huntington Library</a>, c. 1800 </figcaption> </figure> Since his death, Blake has been claimed by those of various movements who apply his complex and often elusive use of symbolism and allegory to the issues that concern them.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In particular, Blake is sometimes considered (along with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a> and her husband <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Godwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Godwin">William Godwin</a>) a forerunner of the 19th-century "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_love?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free love">free love</a>" movement, a broad reform tradition starting in the 1820s that held that marriage is slavery, and advocated the removal of all state restrictions on sexual activity such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homosexuality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prostitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prostitution">prostitution</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adultery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adultery">adultery</a>, culminating in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birth_control?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birth control">birth control</a> movement of the early 20th century. Blake scholarship was more focused on this theme in the earlier 20th century, although it is still mentioned by the Blake scholar <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Ankarsj%C3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Magnus Ankarsjö (page does not exist)">Magnus Ankarsjö</a> who moderately challenges this interpretation. The 19th-century "free love" movement was not particularly focused on the idea of multiple partners, but did agree with Wollstonecraft that state-sanctioned marriage was "legal prostitution" and monopolistic in character. It has somewhat more in common with early feminist movements<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108">[108]</a> (particularly with regard to the writings of Mary Wollstonecraft, whom Blake admired). Blake was critical of the marriage laws of his day, and generally railed against traditional Christian notions of chastity as a virtue.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109">[109]</a> At a time of tremendous strain in his marriage, in part due to Catherine's apparent inability to bear children, he directly advocated bringing a second wife into the house.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110">[110]</a> His poetry suggests that external demands for marital fidelity reduce love to mere duty rather than authentic affection, and decries jealousy and egotism as a motive for marriage laws. Poems such as "Why should I be bound to thee, O my lovely Myrtle-tree?" and "Earth's Answer" seem to advocate multiple sexual partners. In his poem "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_(William_Blake_poem)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London (William Blake poem)">London</a>" he speaks of "the Marriage-Hearse" plagued by "the youthful Harlot's curse", the result alternately of false Prudence and/or Harlotry. Visions of the Daughters of Albion is widely (though not universally) read as a tribute to free love since the relationship between Bromion and Oothoon is held together only by laws and not by love. For Blake, law and love are opposed, and he castigates the "frozen marriage-bed". In Visions, Blake writes: <blockquote> <div class="poem"> Till she who burns with youth, and knows no fixed lot, is bound In spells of law to one she loathes? and must she drag the chain Of life in weary lust? (5.21-3, E49) </div> </blockquote> In the 19th century, poet and free love advocate <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algernon Charles Swinburne">Algernon Charles Swinburne</a> wrote a book on Blake drawing attention to the above motifs in which Blake praises "sacred natural love" that is not bound by another's possessive jealousy, the latter characterised by Blake as a "creeping skeleton".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Swinburne notes how Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell condemns the hypocrisy of the "pale religious letchery" of advocates of traditional norms.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Another 19th-century free love advocate, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Carpenter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Carpenter">Edward Carpenter</a> (1844–1929), was influenced by Blake's mystical emphasis on energy free from external restrictions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In the early 20th century, Pierre Berger described how Blake's views echo Mary Wollstonecraft's celebration of joyful authentic love rather than love born of duty,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114">[114]</a> the former being the true measure of purity.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Irene Langridge notes that "in Blake's mysterious and unorthodox creed the doctrine of free love was something Blake wanted for the edification of 'the soul'."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Michael Davis' 1977 book William Blake a New Kind of Man suggests that Blake thought jealousy separates man from the divine unity, condemning him to a frozen death.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117">[117]</a> As a theological writer, Blake has a sense of human "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fall_of_man?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fall of man">fallenness</a>". S. Foster Damon noted that for Blake the major impediments to a free love society were corrupt human nature, not merely the intolerance of society and the jealousy of men, but the inauthentic hypocritical nature of human communication.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Thomas Wright's 1928 book Life of William Blake (entirely devoted to Blake's doctrine of free love) notes that Blake thinks marriage should in practice afford the joy of love, but notes that in reality it often does not,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119">[119]</a> as a couple's knowledge of being chained often diminishes their joy. Pierre Berger also analyses Blake's early mythological poems such as Ahania as declaring marriage laws to be a consequence of the fallenness of humanity, as these are born from pride and jealousy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Some scholars have noted that Blake's views on "free love" are both qualified and may have undergone shifts and modifications in his late years. Some poems from this period warn of dangers of predatory sexuality such as The Sick Rose. Magnus Ankarsjö notes that while the hero of Visions of the Daughters of Albion is a strong advocate of free love, by the end of the poem she has become more circumspect as her awareness of the dark side of sexuality has grown, crying "Can this be love which drinks another as a sponge drinks water?"<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Ankarsjö also notes that a major inspiration to Blake, Mary Wollstonecraft, similarly developed more circumspect views of sexual freedom late in life. In light of Blake's aforementioned sense of human 'fallenness' Ankarsjö thinks Blake does not fully approve of sensual indulgence merely in defiance of law as exemplified by the female character of Leutha,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122">[122]</a> since in the fallen world of experience all love is enchained.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Ankarsjö records Blake as having supported a commune with some sharing of partners, though David Worrall read The Book of Thel as a rejection of the proposal to take concubines espoused by some members of the Swedenborgian church.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Blake's later writings show a renewed interest in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and although he radically reinterprets Christian morality in a way that embraces sensual pleasure, there is little of the emphasis on sexual libertarianism found in several of his early poems, and there is advocacy of "self-denial", though such abnegation must be inspired by love rather than through authoritarian compulsion.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Berger (more so than Swinburne) is especially sensitive to a shift in sensibility between the early Blake and the later Blake. Berger believes the young Blake placed too much emphasis on following impulses,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126">[126]</a> and that the older Blake had a better formed ideal of a true love that sacrifices self. Some celebration of mystical sensuality remains in the late poems (most notably in Blake's denial of the virginity of Jesus's mother). However, the late poems also place a greater emphasis on forgiveness, redemption, and emotional authenticity as a foundation for relationships. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Legacy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Creativity">Creativity</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Creativity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northrop_Frye?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northrop Frye">Northrop Frye</a>, commenting on Blake's consistency in strongly held views, notes that Blake <blockquote> himself says that his notes on [Joshua] Reynolds, written at fifty, are 'exactly Similar' to those on Locke and Bacon, written when he was 'very Young'. Even phrases and lines of verse will reappear as much as forty years later. Consistency in maintaining what he believed to be true was itself one of his leading principles ... Consistency, then, foolish or otherwise, is one of Blake's chief preoccupations, just as 'self-contradiction' is always one of his most contemptuous comments.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fearfulsymmetry-127">[127]</a> </blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Blake_after_John_Gabriel_Stedman_Narrative_of_a_Five_Years_copy_2_object_2-detail.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Blake_after_John_Gabriel_Stedman_Narrative_of_a_Five_Years_copy_2_object_2-detail.jpg/220px-Blake_after_John_Gabriel_Stedman_Narrative_of_a_Five_Years_copy_2_object_2-detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="2192"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 308px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Blake_after_John_Gabriel_Stedman_Narrative_of_a_Five_Years_copy_2_object_2-detail.jpg/220px-Blake_after_John_Gabriel_Stedman_Narrative_of_a_Five_Years_copy_2_object_2-detail.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="308" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Blake_after_John_Gabriel_Stedman_Narrative_of_a_Five_Years_copy_2_object_2-detail.jpg/330px-Blake_after_John_Gabriel_Stedman_Narrative_of_a_Five_Years_copy_2_object_2-detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Blake_after_John_Gabriel_Stedman_Narrative_of_a_Five_Years_copy_2_object_2-detail.jpg/440px-Blake_after_John_Gabriel_Stedman_Narrative_of_a_Five_Years_copy_2_object_2-detail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Blake's A Negro Hung Alive by the Ribs to a Gallows, an illustration to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Gabriel_Stedman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Gabriel Stedman">J. G. Stedman's</a> Narrative, of a Five Years' Expedition, against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam (1796) </figcaption> </figure> Blake abhorred slavery,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-128">[128]</a> and believed in racial and sexual equality.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Several of his poems and paintings express a notion of universal humanity: "As all men are alike (tho' infinitely various)". In one poem, narrated by a black child, white and black bodies alike are described as shaded groves or clouds, which exist only until one learns "to bear the beams of love": <blockquote> <div class="poem"> When I from black and he from white cloud free, And round the tent of God like lambs we joy: Ill shade him from the heat till he can bear, To lean in joy upon our fathers knee. And then I'll stand and stroke his silver hair, And be like him and he will then love me. (23-8, E9) </div> </blockquote> Blake retained an active interest in social and political events throughout his life, and social and political statements are often present in his mystical symbolism. His views on what he saw as oppression and restriction of rightful freedom extended to the Church. His spiritual beliefs are evident in Songs of Experience (1794), in which he distinguishes between the Old Testament God, whose restrictions he rejected, and the New Testament God whom he saw as a positive influence. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Visions">Visions</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Visions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> From a young age, William Blake claimed to have seen visions. The first may have occurred as early as the age of four when, according to one anecdote, the young artist "saw God" when God "put his head to the window", causing Blake to break into screaming.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bent78-129">[129]</a> At the age of eight or ten in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peckham_Rye?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peckham Rye">Peckham Rye</a>, London, Blake claimed to have seen "a tree filled with angels, bright angelic wings bespangling every bough like stars."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bent78-129">[129]</a> According to Blake's Victorian biographer Gilchrist, he returned home and reported the vision and only escaped being thrashed by his father for telling a lie through the intervention of his mother. Though all evidence suggests that his parents were largely supportive, his mother seems to have been especially so, and several of Blake's early drawings and poems decorated the walls of her chamber.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On another occasion, Blake watched haymakers at work, and thought he saw angelic figures walking among them.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bent78-129">[129]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake_002.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/William_Blake_002.jpg/220px-William_Blake_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 291px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/William_Blake_002.jpg/220px-William_Blake_002.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="291" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/William_Blake_002.jpg/330px-William_Blake_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/William_Blake_002.jpg/440px-William_Blake_002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Ghost_of_a_Flea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Ghost of a Flea">The Ghost of a Flea</a>, 1819–1820. Having informed painter-astrologer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Varley_(painter)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Varley (painter)">John Varley</a> of his visions of apparitions, Blake was subsequently persuaded to paint one of them.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-langr-131">[131]</a> Varley's anecdote of Blake and his vision of the flea's ghost became well-known.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-langr-131">[131]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Blake claimed to experience visions throughout his life. They were often associated with beautiful religious themes and imagery, and may have inspired him further with spiritual works and pursuits. Certainly, religious concepts and imagery figure centrally in Blake's works. God and Christianity constituted the intellectual centre of his writings, from which he drew inspiration. Blake believed he was personally instructed and encouraged by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archangel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archangel">Archangels</a> to create his artistic works, which he claimed were actively read and enjoyed by the same Archangels. In a letter of condolence to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Hayley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Hayley">William Hayley</a>, dated 6 May 1800, four days after the death of Hayley's son,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Blake wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> I know that our deceased friends are more really with us than when they were apparent to our mortal part. Thirteen years ago I lost a brother, and with his spirit I converse daily and hourly in the spirit, and see him in my remembrance, in the region of my imagination. I hear his advice, and even now write from his dictate. </blockquote> In a letter to John Flaxman, dated 21 September 1800, Blake wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> [The town of] Felpham is a sweet place for Study, because it is more spiritual than London. Heaven opens here on all sides her golden Gates; her windows are not obstructed by vapours; voices of Celestial inhabitants are more distinctly heard, & their forms more distinctly seen; & my Cottage is also a Shadow of their houses. My Wife & Sister are both well, courting Neptune for an embrace... I am more famed in Heaven for my works than I could well conceive. In my Brain are studies & Chambers filled with books & pictures of old, which I wrote & painted in ages of Eternity before my mortal life; & those works are the delight & Study of Archangels. (E710) </blockquote> In a letter to Thomas Butts, dated 25 April 1803, Blake wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> Now I may say to you, what perhaps I should not dare to say to anyone else: That I can alone carry on my visionary studies in London unannoy'd, & that I may converse with my friends in Eternity, See Visions, Dream Dreams & prophecy & speak Parables unobserv'd & at liberty from the Doubts of other Mortals; perhaps Doubts proceeding from Kindness, but Doubts are always pernicious, Especially when we Doubt our Friends. </blockquote> In A Vision of the Last Judgement Blake wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> Error is Created Truth is Eternal Error or Creation will be Burned Up & then & not till then Truth or Eternity will appear It is Burnt up the Moment Men cease to behold it I assert for My self that I do not behold the Outward Creation & that to me it is hindrance & not Action it is as the Dirt upon my feet No part of Me. What it will be Questiond When the Sun rises do you not see a round Disk of fire somewhat like a Guinea O no no I see an Innumerable company of the Heavenly host crying Holy Holy Holy is the Lord God Almighty I question not my Corporeal or Vegetative Eye any more than I would Question a Window concerning a Sight I look thro it & not with it. (E565-6) </blockquote> Despite seeing angels and God, Blake has also claimed to have seen Satan on the staircase of his South Molton Street home in London.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-flavorwire1-84">[84]</a> Aware of Blake's visions, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Wordsworth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> commented, "There was no doubt that this poor man was mad, but there is something in the madness of this man which interests me more than the sanity of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord_Byron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walter_Scott?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In a more deferential vein, John William Cousins wrote in A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature that Blake was "a truly pious and loving soul, neglected and misunderstood by the world, but appreciated by an elect few", who "led a cheerful and contented life of poverty illumined by visions and celestial inspirations".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Blake's sanity was called into question as recently as the publication of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, whose entry on Blake comments that "the question whether Blake was or was not mad seems likely to remain in dispute, but there can be no doubt whatever that he was at different periods of his life under the influence of illusions for which there are no outward facts to account, and that much of what he wrote is so far wanting in the quality of sanity as to be without a logical coherence". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cultural_influence">Cultural influence</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Cultural influence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake_in_popular_culture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake in popular culture">William Blake in popular culture</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake3.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/William_Blake3.jpg/220px-William_Blake3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="1084"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 276px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/William_Blake3.jpg/220px-William_Blake3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="276" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/William_Blake3.jpg/330px-William_Blake3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/William_Blake3.jpg/440px-William_Blake3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> William Blake's portrait in profile, by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Linnell_(painter)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Linnell (painter)">John Linnell</a>. This larger version was painted to be engraved as the frontispiece of Alexander Gilchrist's Life of Blake (1863). </figcaption> </figure> Blake's work was neglected for a generation after his death and almost forgotten by the time <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Gilchrist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander Gilchrist">Alexander Gilchrist</a> began work on his biography in the 1860s. The publication of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Life_of_William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Life of William Blake">Life of William Blake</a> rapidly transformed Blake's reputation, in particular as he was taken up by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a> and associated figures, in particular <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dante Gabriel Rossetti">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algernon Charles Swinburne">Algernon Charles Swinburne</a>. In the 20th century, however, Blake's work was fully appreciated and his influence increased. Important early and mid-20th-century scholars involved in enhancing Blake's standing in literary and artistic circles included <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S._Foster_Damon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="S. Foster Damon">S. Foster Damon</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoffrey_Keynes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geoffrey Keynes">Geoffrey Keynes</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northrop_Frye?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northrop Frye">Northrop Frye</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_V._Erdman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David V. Erdman">David V. Erdman</a>. While Blake had a significant role in the art and poetry of figures such as Rossetti, it was during the Modernist period that this work began to influence a wider set of writers and artists. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">William Butler Yeats</a>, who edited an edition of Blake's collected works in 1893, drew on him for poetic and philosophical ideas,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135">[135]</a> while British surrealist art in particular drew on Blake's conceptions of non-mimetic, visionary practice in the painting of artists such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Nash_(artist)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Nash (artist)">Paul Nash</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graham_Sutherland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graham Sutherland">Graham Sutherland</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136">[136]</a> His poetry came into use by a number of British classical composers, who set his works. The earliest such work known is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doyne_Bell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doyne Bell">Doyne Bell</a>'s setting of the poem Can I see another's woe, from Songs of Innocence and of Experience, published in 1876.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Notable settings are by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benjamin_Britten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Tavener?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Tavener">John Tavener</a> set several of Blake's poems, including The Lamb (as the 1982 work "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Lamb_(Tavener)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Lamb (Tavener)">The Lamb</a>") and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Tyger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Tyger">The Tyger</a>. Many such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/June_Singer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="June Singer">June Singer</a> have argued that Blake's thoughts on human nature greatly anticipate and parallel the thinking of the psychoanalyst <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carl_Jung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a>. In Jung's own words: "Blake [is] a tantalizing study, since he compiled a lot of half or undigested knowledge in his fantasies. According to my ideas they are an artistic production rather than an authentic representation of unconscious processes."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Similarly, Diana Hume George claimed that Blake can be seen as a precursor to the ideas of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sigmund_Freud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Blake had an enormous influence on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beat_Generation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beat Generation">beat poets</a> of the 1950s and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture of the 1960s</a>, frequently being cited by such seminal figures as beat poet <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, songwriters <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bob_Dylan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Ashcroft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Ashcroft">Richard Ashcroft</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jim_Morrison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jim Morrison">Jim Morrison</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Van_Morrison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Van Morrison">Van Morrison</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruce_Dickinson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruce Dickinson">Bruce Dickinson</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144">[144]</a> and English writer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aldous_Huxley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>. The Pulitzer-winning composer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Bolcom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Bolcom">William Bolcom</a> set Songs of Innocence and of Experience to music,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145">[145]</a> with different poems set to different styles of music, "from modern techniques to Broadway to Country/Western" and reggae.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Much of the central <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conceit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conceit">conceit</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philip_Pullman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philip Pullman">Philip Pullman</a>'s fantasy trilogy <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/His_Dark_Materials?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="His Dark Materials">His Dark Materials</a> is rooted in the world of Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. Blake also features as a relatively significant character in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brian_Catling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brian Catling">Brian Catling</a>'s fantasy novel The Erstwhile, where his visions of angelic beings are figured into the story. Canadian music composer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kathleen_Yearwood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kathleen Yearwood">Kathleen Yearwood</a> is one of many contemporary musicians that have set Blake's poems to music. After World War II, Blake's role in popular culture came to the fore in a variety of areas such as popular music, film, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graphic_novel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a>, leading Edward Larrissy to assert that "Blake is the Romantic writer who has exerted the most powerful influence on the twentieth century."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-147">[147]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Exhibitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:William_Blake%27s_birthplace_marker,_Soho.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/William_Blake%27s_birthplace_marker%2C_Soho.jpg/220px-William_Blake%27s_birthplace_marker%2C_Soho.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1552"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/William_Blake%27s_birthplace_marker%2C_Soho.jpg/220px-William_Blake%27s_birthplace_marker%2C_Soho.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/William_Blake%27s_birthplace_marker%2C_Soho.jpg/330px-William_Blake%27s_birthplace_marker%2C_Soho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/William_Blake%27s_birthplace_marker%2C_Soho.jpg/440px-William_Blake%27s_birthplace_marker%2C_Soho.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Memorial marking Blake's birthplace in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soho">Soho</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Westminster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a> </figcaption> </figure> Major recent exhibitions focusing on William Blake include: <ul> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a>'s (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>) exhibition William Blake: Apprentice and Master, open from December 2014 until March 2015, examined William Blake's formation as an artist, as well as his influence on young artist-printmakers who gathered around him in the last years of his life.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Gallery of Victoria">National Gallery of Victoria</a>'s exhibition William Blake in summer 2014 showcased the Gallery's collection of works by William Blake which includes spectacular watercolours, single prints and illustrated books.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morgan Library & Museum">Morgan Library & Museum</a> exhibition William Blake's World: A New Heaven Is Begun, open from September 2009 until January 2010, included more than 100 watercolours, prints, and illuminated books of poetry.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li>An exhibition at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tate_Britain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a> in 2007–2008, William Blake, coincided with the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of William Blake's birth and included Blake works from the Gallery's permanent collection, but also private loans of recently discovered works which had never before been exhibited.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scottish_National_Gallery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scottish National Gallery">Scottish National Gallery</a> 2007 exhibition William Blake coincided with the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of William Blake's birth and featured all of the Gallery's works associated with Blake.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li>An exhibition at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tate_Britain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a> in 2000–2001, William Blake, displayed the full range of William Blake's art and poetry, together with contextual materials, arranged in four sections: One of the Gothic Artists; The Furnace of Lambeth's Vale; Chambers of the Imagination; Many Formidable Works.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li>In 2016 the world's first William Blake antique bookstore and art gallery opened in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Francisco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, US.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SF-154">[154]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-155">[155]</a></li> <li>A major exhibition on Blake at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tate_Britain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a> in London opened in the autumn of 2019.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li> <li>An exhibition at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fitzwilliam Museum">Fitzwilliam Museum</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, titled William Blake's Universe, ran between 23 February and 19 May 2024.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style> <div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Illuminated_books">Illuminated books</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Illuminated books" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Songs of Innocence and of Experience">Songs of Innocence and of Experience</a> (edited 1794) <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Songs_of_Innocence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Songs of Innocence">Songs of Innocence</a> (edited 1789)</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Book_of_Thel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Book of Thel">The Book of Thel</a>* (written 1788–1790, edited 1789–1793)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Heaven_and_Hell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Marriage of Heaven and Hell">The Marriage of Heaven and Hell</a> (written 1790–1793)</li> <li>The Gates of Paradise (written 1793, edited 1818)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Visions_of_the_Daughters_of_Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Visions of the Daughters of Albion">Visions of the Daughters of Albion</a>* (edited 1793)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continental_prophecies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continental prophecies">Continental prophecies</a>* <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America_a_Prophecy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="America a Prophecy">America a Prophecy</a> (edited 1793)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe_a_Prophecy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe a Prophecy">Europe a Prophecy</a> (edited 1794–1821)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Song_of_Los?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Song of Los">The Song of Los</a> (edited 1795)</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/There_is_No_Natural_Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="There is No Natural Religion">There is No Natural Religion</a> (written 1788, possible edited 1794–1795)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_First_Book_of_Urizen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The First Book of Urizen">The First Book of Urizen</a>* (edited 1794–1818)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/All_Religions_are_One?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="All Religions are One">All Religions are One</a> (written 1788, possible edited 1795)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Book_of_Los?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Book of Los">The Book of Los</a>* (edited 1795)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Book_of_Ahania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Book of Ahania">The Book of Ahania</a>* (edited 1795)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton:_A_Poem_in_Two_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton: A Poem in Two Books">Milton</a>* (written 1804–1810)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem:_The_Emanation_of_the_Giant_Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion">Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion</a>* (written 1804–1820 additions even later, edited 1820–1827 and 1832)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Non-illuminated">Non-illuminated</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Non-illuminated" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poetical_Sketches?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poetical Sketches">Poetical Sketches</a> (written 1769–1777, edited 1783 and 1868 as a volume)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/An_Island_in_the_Moon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="An Island in the Moon">An Island in the Moon</a> (written 1784, unfinished)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_French_Revolution_(poem)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The French Revolution (poem)">The French Revolution</a> (edited 1791)</li> <li>A Song of Liberty (edited 1792, published in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vala,_or_The_Four_Zoas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vala, or The Four Zoas">Vala, or The Four Zoas</a>* (written 1797–1807, unfinished)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiriel_(poem)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiriel (poem)">Tiriel</a>* (written <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1789, edited 1874)</li> </ul>The works with * constitute the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake%27s_prophetic_books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake's prophetic books">prophetic books</a>.</td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Illustrated_by_Blake">Illustrated by Blake</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Illustrated by Blake" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Original_Stories_from_Real_Life?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Original Stories from Real Life">Original Stories from Real Life</a> (1791)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Gay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Gay">John Gay</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fables_by_John_Gay_with_a_Life_of_the_Author&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fables by John Gay with a Life of the Author (page does not exist)">Fables by John Gay with a Life of the Author</a>, John Stockdale, Picadilly (1793)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gottfried_August_B%C3%BCrger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gottfried August Bürger">Gottfried August Bürger</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lenore_(ballad)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lenore (ballad)">Leonora</a> (not engraved by him)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158">[158]</a> (1796)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Young?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Young">Edward Young</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Night-Thoughts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Night-Thoughts">Night-Thoughts</a> (1797)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Gray?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Gray">Thomas Gray</a>, Poems (1798)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Blair_(poet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Blair (poet)">Robert Blair</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Grave_(poem)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Grave (poem)">The Grave</a> (1805–1808)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Milton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paradise_Lost?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a> (1808)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Varley_(painter)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Varley (painter)">John Varley</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Visionary_Heads?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Visionary Heads">Visionary Heads</a> (1819–1820)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_John_Thornton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert John Thornton">Robert John Thornton</a>, Virgil (1821)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake%27s_Illustrations_of_the_Book_of_Job?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job">The Book of Job</a> (1823–1826)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Bunyan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Bunyan">John Bunyan</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Pilgrim%27s_Progress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Pilgrim's Progress">The Pilgrim's Progress</a> (1824–1827, unfinished)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dante_Alighieri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divine_Comedy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a> (1825–1827). Blake died in 1827 with work on these illustrations still unfinished. Of the 102 watercolours, 7 had been selected for engraving.</li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-death-1">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-death_1-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-death_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915004604/http://www.blakesociety.org/about-blake/blake-london/">"Blake & London"</a>. The Blake Society. 28 March 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.blakesociety.org/about-blake/blake-london/">the original</a> on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blake+%26+London&rft.pub=The+Blake+Society&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blakesociety.org%2Fabout-blake%2Fblake-london%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> Frye, Northrop and Denham, Robert D. 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Blake's "America, a Prophecy"; And, "Europe, a Prophecy". 1984, p. 2.</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson,_Andy2021" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Andy (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218184356/https://www.travellerintheevening.com/blake_the_revolutionary/">"William Blake as a Revolutionary Poet"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.travellerintheevening.com/blake_the_revolutionary/">the original</a> on 18 December 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.multimedialibrary.com/Articles/kazin/alfredblake.asp">the original</a> on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 23 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+William+Blake&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Kazin%2C+Alfred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.multimedialibrary.com%2FArticles%2Fkazin%2Falfredblake.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> Blake, William and Rossetti, William Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfGYLAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3D%2522The%2BPoetical%2BWorks%2Bof%2BWilliam%2BBlake:%2BLyrical%2Band%2BMiscellaneous%2522%26pg%3DPP11">The Poetical Works of William Blake: Lyrical and Miscellaneous</a>. 1890, p. xi.</li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> Blake, William and Rossetti, William Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfGYLAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3D%2522The%2BPoetical%2BWorks%2Bof%2BWilliam%2BBlake:%2BLyrical%2Band%2BMiscellaneous%2522%26pg%3DPP11">The Poetical Works of William Blake: Lyrical and Miscellaneous</a>. 1890, p. xiii.</li> <li id="cite_note-:2-14">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_14-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehead2011" class="citation journal cs1">Whitehead, Angus (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bq.blakearchive.org/45.3.whitehead">""an excellent saleswoman": The last Years of catherine Blake"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=poets.org&rft.atitle=William+Blake&rft.date=1999-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poets.org%2Fpoet.php%2FprmPID%2F116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-bent-17">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bent_17-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bent_17-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bent_17-2">c</a> Bentley, Gerald Eades, and Bentley Jr., G. (1995), William Blake: The Critical Heritage, pp. 34–5.</li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeats2002" class="citation book cs1">Yeats, W.B. (2002). William Blake, Collected Poems. London: Routledge. p. xviii. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415289858?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0415289858"><bdi>0415289858</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Blake%2C+Collected+Poems&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xviii&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0415289858&rft.aulast=Yeats&rft.aufirst=W.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Raine-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Raine_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaine1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kathleen_Raine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kathleen Raine">Raine, Kathleen</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/williamblake00rain">World of Art: William Blake</a>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-20107-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-20107-2"><bdi>0-500-20107-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+of+Art%3A+William+Blake&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-500-20107-2&rft.aulast=Raine&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilliamblake00rain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-The_Stranger_From_Paradise_2001-20">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-The_Stranger_From_Paradise_2001_20-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-The_Stranger_From_Paradise_2001_20-1">b</a> Bentley (2001), The Stranger From Paradise: A Biography of William Blake.</li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1978" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Mona (1978). The Life of William Blake (3rd ed.). London: Granada Publishing Limited. p. 2. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-586-08297-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-586-08297-2"><bdi>0-586-08297-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+William+Blake&rft.place=London&rft.pages=2&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Granada+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-586-08297-2&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Mona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Longman Anthology of British Literature: Volume 2A: The Romantics and Their Contemporaries. United States: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pearson_Education,_Inc.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson Education, Inc.">Pearson Education, Inc.</a> 2006. p. 150. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-33394-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-33394-2"><bdi>0-321-33394-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Longman+Anthology+of+British+Literature%3A+Volume+2A%3A+The+Romantics+and+Their+Contemporaries&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Pearson+Education%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-321-33394-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1978" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Mona (1978). The Life of William Blake (3rd ed.). London: Granada Publishing Limited. p. 3. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-586-08297-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-586-08297-2"><bdi>0-586-08297-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+William+Blake&rft.place=London&rft.pages=3&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Granada+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-586-08297-2&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Mona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> Ackroyd, Peter (1995), Blake, London: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sinclair-Stevenson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sinclair-Stevenson">Sinclair-Stevenson</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85619-278-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/1-85619-278-4">1-85619-278-4</a>, p. 48.</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> Blake, William (1893). The Poems of William Blake, p. xix.</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorrigan1969" class="citation journal cs1">Corrigan, Matthew (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/428568">"Metaphor in William Blake: A Negative View"</a>. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 28 (2): 187–199. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F428568">10.2307/428568</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8529">0021-8529</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/428568">428568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Aesthetics+and+Art+Criticism&rft.atitle=Metaphor+in+William+Blake%3A+A+Negative+View&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E187-%3C%2Fspan%3E199&rft.date=1969&rft.issn=0021-8529&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F428568%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F428568&rft.aulast=Corrigan&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F428568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a> Ackroyd (1995), Blake, p. 44.</li> <li id="cite_note-The_Life_of_William_Blake-28">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-The_Life_of_William_Blake_28-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-The_Life_of_William_Blake_28-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-The_Life_of_William_Blake_28-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1978" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Mona (1978). The Life of William Blake (3rd ed.). London: Granada Publishing Limited. p. 5. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-586-08297-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-586-08297-2"><bdi>0-586-08297-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+William+Blake&rft.place=London&rft.pages=5&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Granada+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-586-08297-2&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Mona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a> Blake, William, and Tatham, Frederick (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DcSxDAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DThe%2BLetters%2Bof%2BWilliam%2BBlake:%2BTogether%2Bwith%2Ba%2BLife">The Letters of William Blake: Together with a Life</a>, p. 7.</li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurton2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tobias_Churton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tobias Churton">Churton, Tobias</a> (16 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DIwnLCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT103">Jerusalem!: The Real Life of William Blake</a>. Watkins Media. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780287881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781780287881"><bdi>9781780287881</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 November 2017 – via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Google_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem%21%3A+The+Real+Life+of+William+Blake&rft.pub=Watkins+Media&rft.date=2015-04-16&rft.isbn=9781780287881&rft.aulast=Churton&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIwnLCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> E691. All quotations from Blake's writings are from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdman,_David_V1982" class="citation book cs1">Erdman, David V (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/completepoetrypr00blak">The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake</a> (2nd ed.). Knopf Doubleday Publishing. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-15213-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-15213-2"><bdi>0-385-15213-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Poetry+and+Prose+of+William+Blake&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-385-15213-2&rft.au=Erdman%2C+David+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletepoetrypr00blak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"> Subsequent references follow the convention of providing plate and line numbers where appropriate, followed by "E" and the page number from Erdman, and correspond to Blake's often unconventional spelling and punctuation.</li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> Bindman, D. (2003), "Blake as a Painter" in The Cambridge Companion to William Blake, ed. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morris_Eaves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morris Eaves">Morris Eaves</a>. Cambridge: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, p. 86.</li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a> Ackroyd (1995), Blake, pp. 69–76.</li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> Gilchrist, A. (1842), The Life of William Blake, London, p. 30.</li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Blake/Marriage-to-Catherine-Boucher">"William Blake - Marriage to Catherine Boucher | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. Retrieved 28 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=William+Blake+-+Marriage+to+Catherine+Boucher+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FWilliam-Blake%2FMarriage-to-Catherine-Boucher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://home.clara.net/pkennington/VirtualTour/windows_modern.htm%23Blake">"St. Mary's Church Parish website"</a>. <q>St Mary's Modern Stained Glass</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Mary%27s+Church+Parish+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.clara.net%2Fpkennington%2FVirtualTour%2Fwindows_modern.htm%23Blake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:1-37">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_37-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_37-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_37-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpeArtscorrespondent2019" class="citation news cs1">Thorpe, Vanessa; Arts, Vanessa Thorpe; correspondent, media (7 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2019/sep/07/william-blake-wife-catherine-brought-colour-works-of-genius-tate-britain">"How William Blake's wife brought colour to his works of genius"</a>. The Observer. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712">0029-7712</a>. 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Retrieved 12 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+William+Blake%27s+wife+brought+colour+to+his+works+of+genius&rft.date=2019-09-07&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2019%2Fsep%2F07%2Fwilliam-blake-wife-catherine-brought-colour-works-of-genius-tate-britain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a> Reproduction of 1783 edition: Tate Publishing, London, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85437-768-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85437-768-5">978-1-85437-768-5</a></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> Ackroyd, Peter, Blake, Sinclair-Stevenson, 1995, p. 96</li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/romanticism/Henry-Fuseli-William-Blake.html">Biographies of William Blake and Henry Fuseli</a>, retrieved on 31 May 2007.</li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915004604/http://www.blakesociety.org/about-blake/blake-london/">"Blake's Residencies"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flavorwire&rft.atitle=The+Radical+Sex+and+Spiritual+Life+of+William+Blake&rft.date=2015-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fflavorwire.com%2F549274%2Fthe-radical-sex-and-spiritual-life-of-william-blake%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">^</a> Erdman William Blake: Prophet Against Empire p. 228</li> <li id="cite_note-marshall-86"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-marshall_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1994" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Peter (1 January 1994). 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Freedom Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900384-77-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-900384-77-8"><bdi>0-900384-77-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Blake%3A+Visionary+Anarchist&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Freedom+Press&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.isbn=0-900384-77-8&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">^</a> The Unholy Bible, June Singer, p. 229.</li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">^</a> William Blake, Murry, p. 168.</li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris_EavesRobert_N._EssickJoseph_Viscomi" class="citation web cs1">Morris Eaves; Robert N. Essick; Joseph Viscomi (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.blakearchive.org/exist/blake/archive/object.xq?objectid%3Deurope.d.illbk.01%26java%3Dno">"Europe a Prophecy, copy D, object 1 (Bentley 1, Erdman i, Keynes i) "Europe a Prophecy""</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake Archive">William Blake Archive</a>. Retrieved 25 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Europe+a+Prophecy%2C+copy+D%2C+object+1+%28Bentley+1%2C+Erdman+i%2C+Keynes+i%29+%22Europe+a+Prophecy%22&rft.pub=William+Blake+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blakearchive.org%2Fexist%2Fblake%2Farchive%2Fobject.xq%3Fobjectid%3Deurope.d.illbk.01%26java%3Dno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">^</a> Bentley 2003 pp. 198–199, 247, 310</li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">^</a> Bloom 1993 p. 32</li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">^</a> Damon pp. 124, 255, 399, 419, 428</li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">^</a> Bentley 2003 pp. 271–272, 301</li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamon1988" class="citation book cs1">Damon, Samuel Foster (1988). A Blake Dictionary (Revised ed.). Brown University Press. p. 358. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87451-436-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-87451-436-3"><bdi>0-87451-436-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Blake+Dictionary&rft.pages=358&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Brown+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-87451-436-3&rft.aulast=Damon&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Foster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">^</a> Makdisi, Saree. William Blake and the Impossible History of the 1790s. 2003, pp. 226–7.</li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">^</a> Altizer, Thomas J. J. The New Apocalypse: The Radical Christian Vision of William Blake. 2000, p. 18.</li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake1975" class="citation book cs1">Blake, Gerald Eades Bentley (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/williamblakecrit0000unse/page/30">William Blake: The Critical Heritage</a>. London: Routledge & K. Paul. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/williamblakecrit0000unse/page/30">30</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7100-8234-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-7100-8234-7"><bdi>0-7100-8234-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Blake%3A+The+Critical+Heritage&rft.place=London&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+K.+Paul&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-7100-8234-7&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Gerald+Eades+Bentley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilliamblakecrit0000unse%2Fpage%2F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalvin2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Galvin, Rachel (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303125228/https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2004/mayjune/feature/william-blake-visions-and-verses">"William Blake: Visions and Verses"</a>. Humanities. Vol. 25, no. 3. National Endowment for the Humanities. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2004/mayjune/feature/william-blake-visions-and-verses">the original</a> on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humanities&rft.atitle=William+Blake%3A+Visions+and+Verses&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Galvin&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neh.gov%2Fhumanities%2F2004%2Fmayjune%2Ffeature%2Fwilliam-blake-visions-and-verses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">^</a> Prov 8:27 (NRSV trans.), "When he established the heavens, I was there, when he drew a circle on the face of the deep ..."</li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">^</a> Baker-Smith, Dominic. Between Dream and Nature: Essays on Utopia and Dystopia. 1987, p. 163.</li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">^</a> Kaiser, Christopher B. Creational Theology and the History of Physical Science. 1997, p. 328.</li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">^</a> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckroyd1995" class="citation book cs1">Ackroyd, Peter (1995). Blake. London: Sinclair-Stevenson. p. 285. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85619-278-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/1-85619-278-4"><bdi>1-85619-278-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blake&rft.place=London&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Sinclair-Stevenson&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-85619-278-4&rft.aulast=Ackroyd&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEssick1980" class="citation book cs1">Essick, Robert N. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/williamblakeprin0000essi">William Blake, Printmaker</a>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/williamblakeprin0000essi/page/248">248</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691039541?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780691039541"><bdi>9780691039541</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Blake%2C+Printmaker&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780691039541&rft.aulast=Essick&rft.aufirst=Robert+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilliamblakeprin0000essi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMellor1974" class="citation book cs1">Mellor, Anne (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/blakeshumanformd0000mell/page/119">Blake's Human Form Divine</a>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/blakeshumanformd0000mell/page/119">119–120</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-02065-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-02065-0"><bdi>0-520-02065-0</bdi></a> – via Google Books. <q>Blake imitated Flaxman's austere, simple mode of pure outline engraving. Blake's engravings for Cumberland's _Thoughts on Outline_ clearly demonstrate Blake's competency in and preference for this purely linear engraving style.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blake%27s+Human+Form+Divine&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pages=119-120&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-520-02065-0&rft.aulast=Mellor&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblakeshumanformd0000mell%2Fpage%2F119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">^</a> G.E. Bentley, The Stranger in Paradise, "Drunk on Intellectual Vision" pp500, Yale University Press, 2001</li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">^</a> Erdman, David ed. The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake, Yale Anchor Press</li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">^</a> Tom Hayes, "William Blake's AndrogYnous EGO-Ideal", ELH, 71(1), 141–165 (2004).</li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427105337/http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~women/papers/freelove.html">"H-Women – H-Net"</a>. www2.h-net.msu.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~women/papers/freelove.html">the original</a> on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.h-net.msu.edu&rft.atitle=H-Women+%E2%80%93+H-Net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.h-net.msu.edu%2F~women%2Fpapers%2Ffreelove.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/william-blake">"William Blake"</a>. Poetry Foundation. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+Foundation&rft.atitle=William+Blake&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryfoundation.org%2Fbio%2Fwilliam-blake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamblen1995" class="citation book cs1">Hamblen, Emily (1995). On the Minor Prophecies of William Blake. Kessinger Publishing. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Minor+Prophecies+of+William+Blake&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Hamblen&rft.aufirst=Emily&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger1915" class="citation book cs1">Berger, Pierre (1915). William Blake: Poet and Mystic. E. P. Dutton & Company. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Blake%3A+Poet+and+Mystic&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton+%26+Company&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">^</a> Swinburne p. 260</li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">^</a> Swinburne, p. 249.</li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">^</a> Sheila Rowbotham's Edward Carpenter: A Life of Liberty and Love, p. 135.</li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">^</a> Berger pp. 188–190</li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">^</a> Berger sees Blake's views as most embodied in the Introduction to the collected version of Songs of Innocence and Experience.</li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">^</a> William Blake: a study of his life and art work, by Irene Langridge, pp. 11, 131.</li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">^</a> Davis, p. 55.</li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">^</a> S. Foster Damon William Blake: His Philosophy and Symbols (1924), p. 105.</li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-119">^</a> Wright, p. 57.</li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">^</a> Berger, p. 142.</li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">^</a> Quoted by Ankarsjö on p. 68 of Bring Me My Arrows of Desire and again in his William Blake and Gender</li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">^</a> William Blake and gender (2006) by Magnus Ankarsjö, p. 129.</li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">^</a> Ankarsjö, p. 64</li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-124">^</a> David Worrall, "Thel in Africa: William Blake and the Post-colonial, Post-Swedenborgian Female Subject", in The Reception of Blake in the Orient, eds. Steve Clark and Masashi Suzuki. London: Continuum, 2006, pp. 17–29.</li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-125">^</a> See intro to Chapter 4 of Jerusalem.</li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">^</a> Berger, pp. 112, 284</li> <li id="cite_note-fearfulsymmetry-127"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fearfulsymmetry_127-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northrop_Frye?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northrop Frye">Northrop Frye</a>, Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake, 1947, Princeton University Press</li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-128">^</a> Parker, Lisa Karee, "A World of Our Own: William Blake and Abolition." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/english_theses/16">online</a> (pdf, 11 MB)</li> <li id="cite_note-bent78-129">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bent78_129-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bent78_129-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bent78_129-2">c</a> Bentley, Gerald Eades and Bentley Jr., G. William Blake: The Critical Heritage. 1995, pp. 36–7.</li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-130">^</a> A note of caution, however: Peter Ackroyd recounts that on one occasion "his mother beat him for declaring that he had seen visions", suggesting that, though "he was beaten only once... it became a source of perpetual discontent". Ackroyd, Peter (1995). Blake. London: Sinclair-Stevenson. p. 21-2, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85619-278-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/1-85619-278-4">1-85619-278-4</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-langr-131">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-langr_131-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-langr_131-1">b</a> Langridge, Irene. William Blake: A Study of His Life and Art Work. 1904, pp. 48–9.</li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1823" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, John (1823). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6vm8ao7Qks8C%26pg%3DPA506">Memoirs of the Life and Writings of William Haley, ESQ Vol II</a>. London: S. and R. Bentley, Dorset-Street. p. 506. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780576029568?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780576029568"><bdi>9780576029568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+the+Life+and+Writings+of+William+Haley%2C+ESQ+Vol+II&rft.place=London&rft.pages=506&rft.pub=S.+and+R.+Bentley%2C+Dorset-Street&rft.date=1823&rft.isbn=9780576029568&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6vm8ao7Qks8C%26pg%3DPA506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Ezard2004" class="citation web cs1">John Ezard (6 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,1254856,00.html%23article_continue">"Blake's vision on show"</a>. The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 24 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Blake%27s+vision+on+show&rft.date=2004-07-06&rft.au=John+Ezard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farts.guardian.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1254856%2C00.html%23article_continue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCousin1933" class="citation book cs1">Cousin, John William (1933). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English literature. Plain Label Books. p. 81. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60303-696-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60303-696-2"><bdi>978-1-60303-696-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+Biographical+Dictionary+of+English+literature&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Plain+Label+Books&rft.date=1933&rft.isbn=978-1-60303-696-2&rft.aulast=Cousin&rft.aufirst=John+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">^</a> Hazard Adams. Blake and Yeats: The Contrary Vision, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1955.</li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">^</a> Shirley Dent and Jason Whittaker. Radical Blake: Influence and Afterlife from 1827. Houndmills: Palgrave, 2002.</li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">^</a> Steve Clark, T. Connolly, Jason Whittaker, Blake 2.0: William Blake in Twentieth-Century Art, Music and Culture (Springer, 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DaohMCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT146">p. 146</a></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">^</a> Jung and William Blake. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/red-book-of-carl-jung/the-red-book-and-beyond.html%23obj0">[1]</a>. Retrieved 6 March 2015.</li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100509053105/http://www.psy.dmu.ac.uk/drhiles/pdf%2527s/Microsoft%2520Word%2520-%2520Jung%2520paper.web.pdf">"Letter to Nanavutty, 11 Nov 1948, quoted by Hiles, David. Jung, William Blake and our answer to Job 2001"</a> (PDF). psy.dmu.ac.uk. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_Montfort_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De Montfort University">De Montfort University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.psy.dmu.ac.uk/drhiles/pdf%2527s/Microsoft%2520Word%2520-%2520Jung%2520paper.web.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 May 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=psy.dmu.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Letter+to+Nanavutty%2C+11+Nov+1948%2C+quoted+by+Hiles%2C+David.+Jung%2C+William+Blake+and+our+answer+to+Job+2001.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psy.dmu.ac.uk%2Fdrhiles%2Fpdf%2527s%2FMicrosoft%2520Word%2520-%2520Jung%2520paper.web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-140">^</a> Diana Hume George. Blake and Freud. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980.</li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabcock2000" class="citation news cs1">Babcock, Jay (17 May 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thevervelive.com/2000/05/richard-ashcroft-mean-magazine-feature.html">"Richard Ashcroft - Mean Magazine feature"</a>. Mean Magazine. Retrieved 30 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mean+Magazine&rft.atitle=Richard+Ashcroft+-+Mean+Magazine+feature&rft.date=2000-05-17&rft.aulast=Babcock&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thevervelive.com%2F2000%2F05%2Frichard-ashcroft-mean-magazine-feature.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104144618/http://zoamorphosis.com/2011/03/how-much-did-jim-morrison-know-about-william-blake/">zoamorphosis.com, How much did Jim Morrison know about William Blake</a> Retrieved 16 September 2011</li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-143">^</a> Neil Spencer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/oct/22/classics.williamblake">Into the Mystic, Visions of paradise to words of wisdom... an homage to the written work of William Blake.</a> The Guardian, October 2000, Retrieved 16 September 2011</li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1985" class="citation news cs1">Palmer, Robert (20 March 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/20/arts/the-pop-life-105142.html">"The Pop Life"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 8 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Pop+Life&rft.date=1985-03-20&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F03%2F20%2Farts%2Fthe-pop-life-105142.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Salvo1988" class="citation journal cs1">Di Salvo, Jackie (Spring 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bq.blakearchive.org/21.4.disalvo">"William Bolcom, Songs of Innocence and Experience"</a>. Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly. 21 (4): 152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blake%2FAn+Illustrated+Quarterly&rft.atitle=William+Bolcom%2C+Songs+of+Innocence+and+Experience&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=152&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Di+Salvo&rft.aufirst=Jackie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbq.blakearchive.org%2F21.4.disalvo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2005" class="citation news cs1">Hoffman, Gary (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://operatoday.com/2005/01/bolcom_songs_of_innocence_and_of_experience/">"BOLCOM: Songs of Innocence and of Experience"</a>. Opera Today.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opera+Today&rft.atitle=BOLCOM%3A+Songs+of+Innocence+and+of+Experience&rft.date=2005-01&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foperatoday.com%2F2005%2F01%2Fbolcom_songs_of_innocence_and_of_experience%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-147">^</a> Edward Larrissy. Blake and Modern Literature. Houndmills: Palgrave, 2006. p. 1.</li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ashmolean.org/exhibitions/details/?exh%3D87">"Ashmolean Museum"</a>. Ashmolean website. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ashmolean+website&rft.atitle=Ashmolean+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashmolean.org%2Fexhibitions%2Fdetails%2F%3Fexh%3D87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029153804/http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/whats-on/exhibitions/exhibitions/william-blake">"NGV William Blake Exhibition"</a>. NGV website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/whats-on/exhibitions/exhibitions/william-blake">the original</a> on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NGV+website&rft.atitle=NGV+William+Blake+Exhibition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngv.vic.gov.au%2Fwhats-on%2Fexhibitions%2Fexhibitions%2Fwilliam-blake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.themorgan.org/exhibitions/william-blakes-world">"Morgan Library William Blake Exhibition"</a>. Morgan Library website. 19 August 2013. 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Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tate+website&rft.atitle=Tate+William+Blake+Exhibition+Themes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Ftate-britain%2Fexhibition%2Fwilliam-blake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/whatson/exhibitions/william-blake/">"National Galleries Scotland William Blake Exhibition"</a>. NGS website. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NGS+website&rft.atitle=National+Galleries+Scotland+William+Blake+Exhibition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgalleries.org%2Fwhatson%2Fexhibitions%2Fwilliam-blake%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/william-blake-2000-2001/william-blake-exhibition-themes">"Tate William Blake Exhibition Themes"</a>. Tate website. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tate+website&rft.atitle=Tate+William+Blake+Exhibition+Themes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Ftate-britain%2Fexhibition%2Fwilliam-blake-2000-2001%2Fwilliam-blake-exhibition-themes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-SF-154"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SF_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sfweekly.com/culture/art/evil-renderings-distempered-mind/">"Evil Renderings of a Distempered Mind – November 10, 2016 – SF Weekly"</a>. 10 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evil+Renderings+of+a+Distempered+Mind+%E2%80%93+November+10%2C+2016+%E2%80%93+SF+Weekly&rft.date=2016-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfweekly.com%2Fculture%2Fart%2Fevil-renderings-distempered-mind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ebar.com/arts/art_article.php?sec%3Dgeneral%26article%3D392">"The Bay Area Reporter Online – William Blake, artist in Paradise"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bay+Area+Reporter+Online+%E2%80%93+William+Blake%2C+artist+in+Paradise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebar.com%2Farts%2Fart_article.php%3Fsec%3Dgeneral%26article%3D392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/william-blake-artist">"William Blake – Exhibition at Tate Britain"</a>. Tate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tate&rft.atitle=William+Blake+%E2%80%93+Exhibition+at+Tate+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Ftate-britain%2Fexhibition%2Fwilliam-blake-artist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/plan-your-visit/exhibitions/william-blakes-universe">"William Blake's Universe"</a>. The Fitzwilliam Museum. Retrieved 8 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Fitzwilliam+Museum&rft.atitle=William+Blake%27s+Universe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk%2Fplan-your-visit%2Fexhibitions%2Fwilliam-blakes-universe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">^</a> Wilson, Mona. The Life of William Blake, 1948, London: Rupert Hart-Davis, p. 77.</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Abbs2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Abbs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Abbs">Peter Abbs</a> (July 2014). "William Blake and the forging of the creative self". <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_London_Magazine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The London Magazine">The London Magazine</a>: 49–62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Magazine&rft.atitle=William+Blake+and+the+forging+of+the+creative+self&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.date=2014-07&rft.au=Peter+Abbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a> (1995). Blake. Sinclair-Stevenson. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85619-278-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/1-85619-278-4">1-85619-278-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donald_Ault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donald Ault">Donald Ault</a> (1974). Visionary Physics: Blake's Response to Newton. University of Chicago. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-03225-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-03225-6">0-226-03225-6</a>.</li> <li> ———  (1987). Narrative Unbound: Re-Visioning William Blake's The Four Zoas. Station Hill Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886449-75-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/1-886449-75-9">1-886449-75-9</a>.</li> <li>Stephen C. Behrendt (1992). Reading William Blake. London: Macmillan Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-06835-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-06835-2">0-312-06835-2</a> .</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerald_Eades_Bentley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerald Eades Bentley">G.E. Bentley</a> (2001). The Stranger From Paradise: A Biography of William Blake. Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-08939-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-08939-2">0-300-08939-2</a>.</li> <li> ———  (2006). Blake Records. Second edition. Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-09685-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-09685-2">0-300-09685-2</a>.</li> <li> ———  (1977). Blake Books. Clarendon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-818151-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-818151-5">0-19-818151-5</a>.</li> <li> ———  (1995). Blake Books Supplement. Clarendon Press.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harold_Bloom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a> (1963). Blake's Apocalypse. Doubleday.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacob_Bronowski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacob Bronowski">Jacob Bronowski</a> (1972). William Blake and the Age of Revolution. Routledge & K. Paul. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7100-7277-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-7100-7277-5">0-7100-7277-5</a> (hardback), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7100-7278-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-7100-7278-3">0-7100-7278-3</a> (pbk.)</li> <li> ———  (1944). William Blake, 1757–1827. A man without a mask. Secker and Warburg, London. Reprints: Penguin 1954; Haskell House 1967.</li> <li>Helen P. Bruder (1997). William Blake and the Daughters of Albion. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, and New York: St. Martin's Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-64036-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-64036-5">0-333-64036-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G._K._Chesterton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a>, William Blake. Duckworth, London, n.d. [1910]. Reprint: House of Stratus, Cornwall, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7551-0032-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-7551-0032-8">0-7551-0032-8</a>.</li> <li>Steve Clark and David Worrall, eds (2006). Blake, Nation and Empire. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, and New York: St. Martin's Press.</li> <li>Tristanne J. Connolly (2002). William Blake and the Body. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCousin1910" class="citation cs2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_William_Cousin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John William Cousin">Cousin, John William</a> (1910), "<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature/Arnold,_Matthew" class="extiw" title="s:A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Arnold, Matthew">Arnold, Matthew</a>", <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature">A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature</a>, London: J. M. Dent & Sons, p. 13 – via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikisource?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arnold%2C+Matthew&rft.btitle=A+Short+Biographical+Dictionary+of+English+Literature&rft.place=London&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent+%26amp%3B+Sons&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Cousin&rft.aufirst=John+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S._Foster_Damon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="S. Foster Damon">S. Foster Damon</a> (1979). A Blake Dictionary. Revised edition. University of New England. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87451-436-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-87451-436-3">0-87451-436-3</a>.</li> <li>Michael Davis (1977) William Blake. A new kind of man. University of California, Berkeley.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morris_Eaves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morris Eaves">Morris Eaves</a> (1992). The Counter-Arts Conspiracy: Art and Industry in the Age of Blake. Cornell University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-2489-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-2489-5">0-8014-2489-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_V._Erdman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David V. Erdman">David V. Erdman</a> (1977). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blake:_Prophet_Against_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blake: Prophet Against Empire">Blake: Prophet Against Empire</a>: A Poet's Interpretation of the History of His Own Times. Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-26719-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-26719-9">0-486-26719-9</a>.</li> <li> ———  (1988). The Complete Poetry & Prose of William Blake. Anchor. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-15213-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-15213-2">0-385-15213-2</a>.</li> <li>R. N. Essick (1980). William Blake: Printmaker. Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-03954-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-03954-2">0-691-03954-2</a>.</li> <li> ———  (1989). William Blake and the Language of Adam. Clarendon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-812985-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-812985-8">0-19-812985-8</a>.</li> <li>R. N. Essick & D. Pearce, eds. (1978). Blake in his time. Indiana University Press.</li> <li>Michael Ferber, The Social Vision of William Blake. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1985.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irving_Fiske?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irving Fiske">Irving Fiske</a> (1951). Bernard Shaw's Debt to William Blake. London: The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a> Society [19-page pamphlet].</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northrop_Frye?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northrop Frye">Northrop Frye</a> (1947). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fearful_Symmetry_(Frye)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fearful Symmetry (Frye)">Fearful Symmetry</a>. Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-06165-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-06165-3">0-691-06165-3</a>.</li> <li> ———  ed. (1966). Blake. A collection of critical essays. Prentice-Hall.</li> <li>Christine Gallant, Blake and the assimilation of chaos, Princeton University 1978.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Gilchrist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexander Gilchrist">Alexander Gilchrist</a>, Life and Works of William Blake, (2d ed., London, 1880). Reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01369-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01369-7">978-1-108-01369-7</a>.</li> <li>Jean H. Hagstrom, William Blake. Poet and Painter. An introduction to the illuminated verse, University of Chicago, 1964.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Higgs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Higgs">John Higgs</a>, William Blake vs the World, Pegasus Books, 2021.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoeveler1979" class="citation journal cs1">Hoeveler, Diane Long (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1076%26context%3Denglish_fac">"Blake's Erotic Apocalypse: The Androgynous Ideal in "Jerusalem""</a> (PDF). Essays in Literature. 6 (1). Western Illinois University: 29–41. Retrieved 31 January 2013. <q>To become <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Androgynous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Androgynous">androgynous</a>, to overcome the flaws inherent in each sex, emerges as the central challenge for all Blake's characters.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Essays+in+Literature&rft.atitle=Blake%27s+Erotic+Apocalypse%3A+The+Androgynous+Ideal+in+%22Jerusalem%22&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Hoeveler&rft.aufirst=Diane+Long&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepublications.marquette.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1076%26context%3Denglish_fac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoffrey_Keynes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geoffrey Keynes">Geoffrey Keynes</a>, editor 2nd ed. (1969) Blake Complete Writings. Oxford University Press.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_King_(writer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James King (writer)">James King</a> (1991). William Blake: His Life. St. Martin's Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-07572-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-07572-3">0-312-07572-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saree_Makdisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saree Makdisi">Saree Makdisi</a> (2003). William Blake and the Impossible History of the 1790s. University of Chicago Press.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benjamin_Heath_Malkin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benjamin Heath Malkin">Benjamin Heath Malkin</a> (1806). A Father's Memoirs of his Child Longsmans, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, Paternoster Row, London. {See : : Arthur Symons, William Blake (1907, 1970) at 307–329.}</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(author,_born_1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Marshall (author, born 1946)">Peter Marshall</a> (1988). William Blake: Visionary Anarchist. Freedom Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900384-77-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-900384-77-8">0-900384-77-8</a></li> <li>Emma Mason, "Elihu's Spiritual Sensation: William Blake's Illustrations to the Book of Job", in Michael Lieb, Emma Mason and Jonathan Roberts (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Reception History of the Bible (Oxford, OUP, 2011), 460–475.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W._J._T._Mitchell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="W. J. T. Mitchell">W. J. T. Mitchell</a> (1978). Blake's Composite Art: A Study of the Illuminated Poetry. Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-01402-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-01402-7">0-691-01402-7</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Natoli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Natoli">Joseph Natoli</a> (1982, 2016) Twentieth-Century Blake Criticism: Northrop Frye to the Present. New York: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1389-3914-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1389-3914-1">978-1-1389-3914-1</a>.</li> <li>Victor N. Paananen (1996). William Blake. New York: Twayne Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8057-7053-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-8057-7053-4">0-8057-7053-4</a>.</li> <li>Laura Quinney (2010). William Blake on Self and Soul. Harvard University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03524-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03524-9">978-0-674-03524-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kathleen_Raine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kathleen Raine">Kathleen Raine</a> (1970). William Blake. London: Thames and Hudson.</li> <li>George Anthony Rosso Jr. (1993). Blake's Prophetic Workshop: A Study of The Four Zoas. Associated University Presses. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8387-5240-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-8387-5240-3">0-8387-5240-3</a>.</li> <li>Gholam Reza Sabri-Tabrizi (1973). The 'Heaven' and 'Hell' of William Blake. New York: International Publishers.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mark_Schorer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mark Schorer">Mark Schorer</a> (1946). William Blake: The Politics of Vision. New York: H. Holt and Co.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basil_de_S%C3%A9lincourt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basil de Sélincourt">Basil de Sélincourt</a> (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000412614">William Blake</a>. London: Duckworth and co..</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/June_Singer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="June Singer">June Singer</a>, The Unholy Bible: Blake, Jung, and the Collective Unconscious (New York: Putnam 1970). Reprinted as: Blake, Jung, and the Collective Unconscious (Nicolas-Hays 1986).</li> <li>Sheila A. Spector (2001). Wonders Divine: the Development of Blake's Kabbalistic Myth. Bucknell Univ. Pr. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0838754689?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0838754689">978-0838754689</a></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStory1893" class="citation book cs1">Story, Alfred Thomas (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_jokAAAAMAAJ">William Blake: His Life, Character</a>. Swan Sonnenschein & Company. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780841475373?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780841475373"><bdi>9780841475373</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Blake%3A+His+Life%2C+Character&rft.pub=Swan+Sonnenschein+%26+Company&rft.date=1893&rft.isbn=9780841475373&rft.aulast=Story&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_jokAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Blake" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algernon Charles Swinburne">Algernon Charles Swinburne</a>, William Blake: A Critical Essay. John Camden Hotten, Piccadilly, London, 2d. ed., 1868.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Symons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Symons">Arthur Symons</a>, William Blake. A. Constable, London 1907. Reprint: Cooper Square, New York 1970. {Includes documents of contemporaries about Wm. Blake, at 249–433.}</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E._P._Thompson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="E. P. Thompson">E. P. Thompson</a> (1993). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Witness_Against_the_Beast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Witness Against the Beast">Witness Against the Beast</a> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22515-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22515-9">0-521-22515-9</a>.</li> <li>Joseph Viscomi (1993). Blake and the Idea of the Book (Princeton University Press). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-06962-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-06962-X">0-691-06962-X</a>.</li> <li>David Weir (2003). Brahma in the West: William Blake and the Oriental Renaissance (SUNY Press).</li> <li>Mona Wilson (1927). The Life of William Blake (London: The Nonesuch Press)</li> <li>Roger Whitson and Jason Whittaker (2012). William Blake and the Digital Humanities: Collaboration, Participation, and Social Media (London: Routledge) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415-6561-84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415-6561-84">978-0415-6561-84</a></li> <li>Jason Whittaker (1999). William Blake and the Myths of Britain (London: Macmillan).</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W._B._Yeats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a> (1903). Ideas of Good and Evil (London and Dublin: A. H. Bullen). {Two essays on Blake at 168–175, 176–225}.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.graat.fr/krouboread3%255B1%255D.pdf">A Comparative Study of Three Anti-Slavery Poems Written by William Blake, Hannah More and Marcus Garvey: Black Stereotyping</a> by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie_K._Dagnini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jérémie K. Dagnini">Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini</a> for GRAAT On-Line, January 2010.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Michael_Rossetti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Michael Rossetti">W. M. Rossetti</a>, ed., Poetical Works of William Blake, (London, 1874)</li> <li>A. G. B. Russell (1912). Engravings of William Blake.</li> <li>Blake, William, William Blake's Works in Conventional Typography, edited by G. E. Bentley, Jr., 1984. Facsimile ed., Scholars' : Facsimiles & Reprints, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8201-1388-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8201-1388-3">978-0-8201-1388-3</a>.</li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style 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img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow">William Blake at Wikipedia's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a> </div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <ul> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" 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28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.blakesociety.org/">Blake Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429194225/http://williamblakeprints.co.uk/making_the_plates.html">Making facsimiles of Blake's prints</a> (archived 29 April 2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bl.uk/people/william-blake">William Blake</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731191108/http://www.bl.uk/people/william-blake">Archived</a> 31 July 2018 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the British Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.tweetspeakpoetry.com/william-blake-poems/">William Blake Poems Arts & Experience Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0086759/">William Blake</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Profiles">Profiles</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Profiles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/116">Profile at the Academy of American Poets</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/william-blake">Profile</a> at the Poetry Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8451731.stm">BBC etching gallery</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Archives">Archives</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Archives" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.blakearchive.org/">The William Blake Archive</a> – A Comprehensive Academic Archive of Blake's works with scans from multiple collections</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/search/actor:blake-william-17571827">47 artworks by or after William Blake</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Art_UK?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Art UK">Art UK</a> site</li> <li>Single Institution Holdings: <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://library.vicu.utoronto.ca/collections/special_collections/bentley_blake_collection/">The G. E. Bentley: William Blake Collection</a> Special Collections | Victoria University Library in the University of Toronto</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://digitalcollections.vicu.utoronto.ca/RS/pages/search.php?search%3Dspecial:bentley%2520blake%2520collection">The G. E. Bentley: William Blake Collection</a> Digital Collections | Victoria University Library in the University of Toronto</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId%3Dead/00185.xml%26query%3Dblake,%2520william%26query-join%3Dand">William Blake collection</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/rosenwald-blake.html">William Blake Digital Material</a> From the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/">Rare Book and Special Collections Division</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Library_of_Congress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/beinecke.blake" class="extiw" title="hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.blake">William Blake Collection</a>. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.</li> </ul></li> </ul> Digital editions and research <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/295">Project Gutenberg – works by Blake downloadable</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/search.php?query%3D%2528%2528subject%253A%2522Blake%252C%2520William%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522William%2520Blake%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Blake%252C%2520William%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522William%2520Blake%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Blake%252C%2520W%252E%2522%2520OR%2520title%253A%2522William%2520Blake%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522Blake%252C%2520William%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522William%2520Blake%2522%2529%2520OR%2520%2528%25221757-1827%2522%2520AND%2520Blake%2529%2529%2520AND%2520%2528-mediatype:software%2529">Works by or about William Blake</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://librivox.org/author/590">Works by William Blake</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LibriVox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www3.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/William_Blake">Settings of William Blake's poetry</a> in the Choral Public Domain Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://poetry-index.net/WilliamBlake_/index.html">Selected works at Poetry-Index</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWilliam_Blake%26oldid%3D1276795145">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&oldid=1276795145</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Blake&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 20 February 2025, at 20:18 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2583" title="وليم بليك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليم بليك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_Bleyk" title="Vilyam Bleyk – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyam Bleyk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="ویلیام بلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام بلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AE_%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2595" title="উইলিয়াম ব্লেইক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম ব্লেইক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%2591%25D0%25BB%25D1%258D%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BA" title="Уільям Блэйк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Блэйк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%258E%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%2591%25D0%25BB%25D1%258D%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BA" title="Ўільям Блэйк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ўільям Блэйк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%2591%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BA" title="Уилям Блейк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Блейк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%2591%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BA" title="Уильям Блейк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уильям Блейк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259F%25CF%2585%25CE%25AF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BC_%25CE%259C%25CF%2580%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AD%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA" title="Ουίλιαμ Μπλέικ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουίλιαμ Μπλέικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="ویلیام بلیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام بلیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259C%258C%25EB%25A6%25AC%25EC%2597%2584_%25EB%25B8%2594%25EB%25A0%2588%25EC%259D%25B4%25ED%2581%25AC" title="윌리엄 블레이크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 블레이크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2588%25D6%2582%25D5%25AB%25D5%25AC%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B4_%25D4%25B2%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B5%25D6%2584" title="Ուիլյամ Բլեյք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուիլյամ Բլեյք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595" title="विलियम ब्लेक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम ब्लेक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2590%25D7%259D_%25D7%2591%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%25A7" title="ויליאם בלייק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם בלייק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B5%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%2582_%25E0%25B2%25AC%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E2%2580%258C" title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಬ್ಲೇಕ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಬ್ಲೇಕ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B_%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2598" title="უილიამ ბლეიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ ბლეიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%2591%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BA" title="Уильям Блейк – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уильям Блейк" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Blake" title="Gulielmus Blake – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Blake" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljams_Bleiks" title="Viljams Bleiks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viljams Bleiks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595" title="विलियम ब्लेक – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="विलियम ब्लेक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC_%25D0%2591%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2598%25D0%25BA" title="Вилијам Блејк – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилијам Блејк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2582_%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%2586%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D" title="വില്യം ബ്ലെയ്ക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്യം ബ്ലെയ്ക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595" title="विल्यम ब्लेक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विल्यम ब्लेक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B_%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2598" title="უილიამ ბლეიკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უილიამ ბლეიკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2583" title="وليم بليك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليم بليك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25B6_%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA" title="ဝီလျံ ဘလိက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီလျံ ဘလိက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595" title="विलियम ब्लेक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विलियम ब्लेक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595" title="विलियम ब्लेक – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="विलियम ब्लेक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A6%25E3%2582%25A3%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25A2%25E3%2583%25A0%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2583%2596%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2582%25AF" title="ウィリアム・ブレイク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ブレイク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A8%25AE_%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2587%25E0%25A8%2595" title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਬਲੇਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਬਲੇਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25DB%2590%25DA%25A9" title="ویلیام بلېک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ویلیام بلېک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BA,_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC" title="Блейк, Уильям – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Блейк, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B7%258A_%25E0%25B6%25B6%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%259A%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A" title="විලියම් බ්ලේක් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විලියම් බ්ලේක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25DB%2595%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="ویلیام بلەیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلیام بلەیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC_%25D0%2591%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2598%25D0%25BA" title="Вилијам Блејк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилијам Блејк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B3%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D" title="வில்லியம் பிளேக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம் பிளேக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25A1_%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%2581" title="วิลเลียม เบลก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิลเลียม เบลก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%2591%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BA" title="Вільям Блейк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Блейк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="ولیم بلیک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم بلیک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="William Blake" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A8%2581%25E5%25BB%2589%25C2%25B7%25E5%25B8%2583%25E8%258E%25B1%25E5%2585%258B" title="威廉·布莱克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="威廉·布莱克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A8%2581%25E5%25BB%2589%25E5%25B8%2583%25E8%2590%258A%25E5%2585%258B" title="威廉布萊克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="威廉布萊克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link 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