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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American historian and political scientist (1918–2014)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">James MacGregor Burns</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1918-08-03</span>)</span>August 3, 1918<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Massachusetts" title="Melrose, Massachusetts">Melrose, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 15, 2014<span style="display:none">(2014-07-15)</span> (aged 95)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Massachusetts" title="Williamstown, Massachusetts">Williamstown, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (PhD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org">Williams College (1947–1986)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Janet Thompson (May 1942, div.)</li> <li>Joan Simpson Meyers (1968–1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data">Susan Dunn</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>, 1971</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">?–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Enlisted_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlisted man">Enlisted man</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">Combat historian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Conflicts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saipan" title="Battle of Saipan">Battle of Saipan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Star">Bronze Star</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Notes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align: left;"><sup id="cite_ref-Berkshire_Eagle_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkshire_Eagle-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tobias_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tobias-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James MacGregor Burns</b> (August 3, 1918 – July 15, 2014)<sup id="cite_ref-politico.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American historian and political scientist, presidential biographer, and authority on <a href="/wiki/Leadership_studies" title="Leadership studies">leadership studies</a>. He was the Woodrow Wilson Professor of Government Emeritus at <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a> and Distinguished Leadership Scholar at the James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership of the School of Public Policy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland, College Park</a>. In 1971 Burns received the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-pulitzer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pulitzer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_winners_of_the_National_Book_Award#History_and_Biography" title="List of winners of the National Book Award">in History and Biography</a><sup id="cite_ref-nba1971_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nba1971-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for his work on America's 32nd president, <i><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt:_The_Soldier_of_Freedom" title="Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom">Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burns shifted the focus of leadership studies from the <a href="/wiki/Trait_theory" title="Trait theory">traits</a> and actions of great men to the interaction of leaders and their constituencies as collaborators working toward mutual benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was best known for his contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Transactional_leadership" title="Transactional leadership">transactional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transformational_leadership" title="Transformational leadership">transformational</a>, aspirational, and visionary schools of <a href="/wiki/Leadership_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership theory">leadership theory</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_service">Military service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduating from Williams College, Burns spent a year as an <a href="/wiki/Internship" title="Internship">intern</a> in Washington for <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> Congressman <a href="/wiki/Abe_Murdock" title="Abe Murdock">Abe Murdock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Booknotes_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Booknotes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent a year at Harvard, then six months in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> working for the <a href="/wiki/National_War_Labor_Board_(1942%E2%80%931945)" title="National War Labor Board (1942–1945)">War Labor Board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tobias_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tobias-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burns was <a href="/wiki/Military_conscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Military conscript">drafted</a> to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Pacific theater</a> as an enlisted U.S. Army combat historian,<sup id="cite_ref-Tobias_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tobias-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Star">Bronze Star</a> and four <a href="/wiki/Battle_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Stars">Battle Stars</a>. Throughout his military adventures, Burns noticed that when leadership was mentioned, it was in terms of the traits and qualities of <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a>, but not soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After earning his Ph.D. in political science from Harvard,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burns joined the faculty of Williams College in 1947, and taught there for nearly 40 years, retiring in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Berkshire_Eagle_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkshire_Eagle-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, he served as president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association" title="American Political Science Association">American Political Science Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Society_of_Political_Psychology" title="International Society of Political Psychology">International Society of Political Psychology</a>. He was also an elected member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the early 1990s he taught classes at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland">University of Maryland</a>, where he was inducted into <a href="/wiki/Omicron_Delta_Kappa" title="Omicron Delta Kappa">Omicron Delta Kappa</a> (ODK) and was honored with the naming of the James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Baltimore_Sun_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004 he was also awarded the Laurel Crowned Circle Award, ODK's highest honor. In 2010 he won the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_M._Schlesinger,_Jr._Award_for_Distinguished_Writing_in_American_History_of_Enduring_Public_Significance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. Award for Distinguished Writing in American History of Enduring Public Significance (page does not exist)">Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. Award for Distinguished Writing in American History of Enduring Public Significance</a> presented jointly by the <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute" title="Roosevelt Institute">Roosevelt Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Historians" title="Society of American Historians">Society of American Historians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_career">Political career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A liberal, in 1958 Burns was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">Massachusetts's 1st congressional district</a>, meeting then-U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and helping him gain Protestant support to get re-elected, while Kennedy helped him gain Catholic support. Burns gained personal access that allowed him to write his biography of Kennedy, published in 1960, which calls JFK "casual as a cash register," "quiet, taut, efficient—sometimes, perhaps, even dull," and generally too cerebral and lacking in heart. This angered Kennedy's wife <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jackie</a>, who said Burns "underestimated" him.<sup id="cite_ref-politico.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal">Personal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burns and his two brothers were raised by their mother, Mildred Burns, in Burlington, Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burns graduated from <a href="/wiki/Lexington_High_School_(Massachusetts)" title="Lexington High School (Massachusetts)">Lexington High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> in 1935, and then received his Bachelor of Arts from Williams College and his Ph.D. from Harvard University.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his first wife, Janet Thompson, had four children, whom they raised in Williamstown after he joined the faculty at Williams College. In 1964, he met Joan Simpson Meyers, daughter of renowned paleontologist <a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George Gaylord Simpson</a>, in New York City when she interviewed him for her best-selling book about President John Fitzgerald Kennedy; four years later Burns and Meyers were married at High Mowing, the family home in Williamstown, where they lived together for the next quarter century. At the end of his life, he lived with his collaborator and longtime companion, Professor Susan Dunn, and remained close friends with his first wife.<sup id="cite_ref-Berkshire_Eagle_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkshire_Eagle-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burns died in <a href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Massachusetts" title="Williamstown, Massachusetts">Williamstown, Massachusetts</a>, on July 15, 2014, at 95, after publishing more than 20 books.<sup id="cite_ref-Berkshire_Eagle_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkshire_Eagle-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_on_government">Views on government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Views on government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As an admirer of a strong leader in the White House, Burns was critical of the U.S. governmental system of <a href="/wiki/Checks_and_balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Checks and balances">checks and balances</a>, which he viewed as an obstacle to progress in times of a divided or oppositional Congress. In <i>The Deadlock of Democracy</i> (1963) and <i>Packing the Court: The Rise of Judicial Power and the Coming Crisis of the Supreme Court</i> (2009) he called for systemic changes, arguing for term limits for Supreme Court justices, an end to midterm elections, and a population-based Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burns also advocated repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> to allow effective U.S. presidents to serve three or more terms of office.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theory_of_leadership">Theory of leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Theory of leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burns's <i>Leadership</i> (1978) founded the field of <a href="/wiki/Leadership_studies" title="Leadership studies">leadership studies</a>, introducing two types of leadership: <a href="/wiki/Transactional_leadership" title="Transactional leadership">transactional leadership</a>, in which leaders focus on the relationship between the leader and follower, and <a href="/wiki/Transformational_leadership" title="Transformational leadership">transformational leadership</a>, in which leaders focus on the beliefs, needs, and values of their followers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excerpts: </p> <ul><li><i>Leadership over human beings is exercised when persons with certain motives and purposes mobilize, in competition or conflict with others, institutional, political, psychological, and other resources so as to arouse, engage, and satisfy the motives of followers... in order to realize goals mutually held by both leaders and followers....</i></li> <li><i>Transformational leadership occurs when one or more persons engage with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality.</i></li> <li><i>That people can be lifted into their better selves is the secret of transforming leadership and the moral and practical theme of this work.</i></li></ul> <p>James MacGregor Burns was interested in the pursuit of a general theory for leadership. According to Burns "others argue that we must construct a general theory of leadership in order that we grasp the role of individual leaders and their traits."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning with the Kellogg Leadership Studies Project (KLSP), a 4-year (1994–1998) initiative, to meetings with over 25 scholars over the early stages, sought that general theory, that would encompass all of leadership. The group led by James MacGregor Burns, a leadership scholar, presidential biographer, and Pulitzer Prize winner, contributed much, but admittedly did not attain that goal.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 3-year exploratory sequential mixed methods study by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/kenneth-maxwell-nance-a97421165">Kenneth-Maxwell Nance</a> provides support for Burn's earlier assertion, that leadership "is a moral undertaking" and formed a basis for leadership's grand theory.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His work has influenced other transformational leadership theorists such as <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bass" title="Bernard Bass">Bernard Bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Avolio" title="Bruce Avolio">Bruce Avolio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Leithwood" title="Kenneth Leithwood">Kenneth Leithwood</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and inspired Georgia Jones Sorenson<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to found the Center for Political Leadership and Participation at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland">University of Maryland</a>, which Burns joined in 1993, causing the center to be renamed in his honor in 1997 as the James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Congress on Trial: The Legislative Process and the Administrative State</i> (<a href="/wiki/Harper_(publisher)" title="Harper (publisher)">Harper</a>, 1949).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Government by the People</i> (textbook) (1952; 20th ed. 2003), <a href="/wiki/Prentice-Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Prentice-Hall">Prentice-Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox, 1882–1940</i> (first volume of two-volume set) (<a href="/wiki/Harcourt,_Brace" class="mw-redirect" title="Harcourt, Brace">Harcourt, Brace</a>, 1956).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1957 Woodrow Wilson Foundation award<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1957 finalist <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><i>John Kennedy: A Political Profile</i> (<a href="/wiki/Harcourt,_Brace" class="mw-redirect" title="Harcourt, Brace">Harcourt, Brace</a>, 1960).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Deadlock of Democracy: Four-Party Politics in America</i> (<a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>, 1963).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Government by the People: The Dynamics of American National Government</i> (1963).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Presidential Government: The Crucible of Leadership</i> (<a href="/wiki/Houghton-Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton-Mifflin">Houghton-Mifflin</a>, 1965).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, 1940–1945</i> (second volume of two-volume set) (<a href="/wiki/Harcourt_Brace_Jovanovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Harcourt Brace Jovanovich">Harcourt Brace Jovanovich</a>, 1970) (1971 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" title="Pulitzer Prize for History">Pulitzer Prize for History</a>, 1971 <a href="/wiki/Francis_Parkman_Prize" title="Francis Parkman Prize">Francis Parkman Prize</a>).(<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-602757-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-602757-1">978-0-15-602757-1</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Uncommon Sense</i> (1972).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Edward Kennedy and the Camelot Legacy</i> (1976).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Leadership</i> (<a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, 1978) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-010588-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-010588-4">978-0-06-010588-4</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Vineyard of Liberty, 1787–1863</i> (The American Experiment Book 1 of 3) (<a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>, 1982) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-50546-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-50546-6">978-0-394-50546-6</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Power to Lead: The Crisis of the American Presidency</i> (<a href="/wiki/Touchstone_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Touchstone Books">Touchstone Books</a>, 1984).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Workshop of Democracy, 1863–1932</i> (The American Experiment Book 2 of 3) (<a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>, 1985) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-50546-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-50546-6">978-0-394-50546-6</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Crosswinds of Freedom, 1932–1988</i> (The American Experiment Book 3 of 3) (<a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>, 1989) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-51276-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-51276-1">978-0-394-51276-1</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cobblestone Leadership: Majority Rule, Minority Power</i> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>, 1990).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>A People's Charter: The Pursuit of Rights in America</i> (with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stewart_Burns_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stewart Burns (historian) (page does not exist)">Stewart Burns</a>) (Knopf, 1991).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Democrats Must Lead: The Case for a Progressive Democratic Party</i> (with <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Crotty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Crotty (page does not exist)">William Crotty</a>) (1992).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Dead Center: Clinton-Gore Leadership and the Perils of Moderation</i> (with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_Jones_Sorenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia Jones Sorenson (page does not exist)">Georgia Jones Sorenson</a>) (1999).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Three Roosevelts: Patrician Leaders Who Transformed America,</i> with Susan Dunn (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Monthly_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Monthly Press">Atlantic Monthly Press</a>, 2001) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3872-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3872-9">978-0-8021-3872-9</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Transforming Leadership: A New Pursuit of Happiness</i> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Monthly_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Monthly Press">Atlantic Monthly Press</a>, 2003) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87113-866-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87113-866-8">978-0-87113-866-8</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>George Washington</i> (with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Dunn_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Dunn (historian) (page does not exist)">Susan Dunn</a>) (ed. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.</a>) (Times Books, 2004).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Encyclopedia of Leadership</i> (with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_Jones_Sorenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia Jones Sorenson (page does not exist)">Georgia Jones Sorenson</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_R._Goethals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George R. Goethals (page does not exist)">George R. Goethals</a>) (2004).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Running Alone: Presidential Leadership – JFK to Bush II: Why It Has Failed and How We Can Fix It</i> (Basic Books, 2006).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Packing the Court: The Rise of Judicial Power and the Coming Crisis of the Supreme Court</i> (<a href="/wiki/Penguin_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Press">Penguin Press</a>, 2009) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-219-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-219-3">978-1-59420-219-3</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Fire and Light: How the Enlightenment Transformed Our World</i> (<a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>, 2013) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-02489-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-02489-3">978-1-250-02489-3</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Berkshire_Eagle-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berkshire_Eagle_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berkshire_Eagle_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berkshire_Eagle_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berkshire_Eagle_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTony_Dobrowolski2014" class="citation news cs1">Tony Dobrowolski (July 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054301/http://www.berkshireeagle.com/news/ci_26151214/james-macgregor-burns-historian-and-fdr-biographer-dies">"James MacGregor Burns, historian and FDR biographer, dies at age 95"</a>. <i>The Berkshire Eagle</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkshireeagle.com/news/ci_26151214/james-macgregor-burns-historian-and-fdr-biographer-dies">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Berkshire+Eagle&rft.atitle=James+MacGregor+Burns%2C+historian+and+FDR+biographer%2C+dies+at+age+95&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft.au=Tony+Dobrowolski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkshireeagle.com%2Fnews%2Fci_26151214%2Fjames-macgregor-burns-historian-and-fdr-biographer-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber2014" class="citation news cs1">Weber, Bruce (July 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/16/us/james-m-burns-a-scholar-of-presidents-and-leadership-dies-at-95.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=HpSumSmallMediaHigh&module=second-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0">"James MacGregor Burns, Scholar of Presidents and Leadership, Dies at 95"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=James+MacGregor+Burns%2C+Scholar+of+Presidents+and+Leadership%2C+Dies+at+95&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F07%2F16%2Fus%2Fjames-m-burns-a-scholar-of-presidents-and-leadership-dies-at-95.html%3Fhp%26action%3Dclick%26pgtype%3DHomepage%26version%3DHpSumSmallMediaHigh%26module%3Dsecond-column-region%26region%3Dtop-news%26WT.nav%3Dtop-news%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tobias-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tobias_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tobias_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tobias_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarpino2009" class="citation web cs1">Scarpino, Philip (June 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tobiascenter.iu.edu/research/oral-history/audio-transcripts/macgregor-burns-james.html">"James MacGregor Burns Oral History Interview: Audio & Transcripts"</a>. Tobias Leadership Center: Indiana University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+MacGregor+Burns+Oral+History+Interview%3A+Audio+%26+Transcripts&rft.pub=Tobias+Leadership+Center%3A+Indiana+University&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft.aulast=Scarpino&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftobiascenter.iu.edu%2Fresearch%2Foral-history%2Faudio-transcripts%2Fmacgregor-burns-james.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-politico.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-politico.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politico.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/james-macgregor-burns-historian-dies-at-95-108937.html">"James MacGregor Burns dies at 95"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. July 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=James+MacGregor+Burns+dies+at+95&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2014%2F07%2Fjames-macgregor-burns-historian-dies-at-95-108937.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pulitzer-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pulitzer_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/History">"History"</a>. <i>Past winners & finalists by category</i>. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved March 17, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nba1971-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nba1971_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1971">"National Book Awards – 1971"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Foundation" title="National Book Foundation">National Book Foundation</a>. Retrieved March 17, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burns, James MacGregor. <i>Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, 1940–45</i>. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burns, James MacGregor. <i>Transforming Leadership: A New Pursuit of Happiness</i>. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Booknotes-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Booknotes_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb1989" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lamb" title="Brian Lamb">Lamb, Brian</a> (June 4, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.booknotes.org/FullPage.aspx?SID=7854-1">"James MacGregor Burns: The Crosswinds of Freedom"</a>. C-SPAN Booknotes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+MacGregor+Burns%3A+The+Crosswinds+of+Freedom&rft.pub=C-SPAN+Booknotes&rft.date=1989-06-04&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.booknotes.org%2FFullPage.aspx%3FSID%3D7854-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://political-science.williams.edu/profile/jburns2/">"James MacGregor Burns"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+MacGregor+Burns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolitical-science.williams.edu%2Fprofile%2Fjburns2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=James+MacGregor+Burns&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DJames%2BMacGregor%2BBurns%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baltimore_Sun-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baltimore_Sun_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatt_Schudel2014" class="citation news cs1">Matt Schudel (July 17, 2014). "Historian won Pulitzer for biography on FDR". <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Historian+won+Pulitzer+for+biography+on+FDR&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2014-07-17&rft.au=Matt+Schudel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310041731/http://rooseveltinstitute.org/policy-and-ideas/ideas-database/james-macgregor-burns-wins-history-award">"James MacGregor Burns Wins History Award | Roosevelt Institute"</a>. March 10, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rooseveltinstitute.org/policy-and-ideas/ideas-database/james-macgregor-burns-wins-history-award">the original</a> on March 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+MacGregor+Burns+Wins+History+Award+%7C+Roosevelt+Institute&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frooseveltinstitute.org%2Fpolicy-and-ideas%2Fideas-database%2Fjames-macgregor-burns-wins-history-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRWF2021" class="citation web cs1">RWF (November 14, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://burlingtonretro.com/2021/11/14/kent-cottage-the-video/">"Kent Cottage: the video"</a>. <i>Burlington Retro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Burlington+Retro&rft.atitle=Kent+Cottage%3A+the+video&rft.date=2021-11-14&rft.au=RWF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fburlingtonretro.com%2F2021%2F11%2F14%2Fkent-cottage-the-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lexingtonhighsch1935lexi/page/8/mode/2upProfessor">Lexington High School yearbook</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes.com-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes.com_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/16/us/james-m-burns-a-scholar-of-presidents-and-leadership-dies-at-95.html">"James MacGregor Burns, Scholar of Presidents and Leadership, Dies at 95"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. July 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=James+MacGregor+Burns%2C+Scholar+of+Presidents+and+Leadership%2C+Dies+at+95&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F07%2F16%2Fus%2Fjames-m-burns-a-scholar-of-presidents-and-leadership-dies-at-95.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burns, James MacGregor. <i>Running Alone: Presidential Leadership—JFK to Bush II : Why It Has Failed and How We Can Fix It</i>. New York: Basic Books, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turan, S. & Sny, C. (1996). An exploration of transformational leadership and its role in strategic planning: A conceptual framework.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burns, J. M. (2003). Transforming Leadership: The Pursuit of Happiness (1st ed.). Atlantic Monthly Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goethals, G., & Sorenson, G. (2006). The quest for a general theory of leadership. Edward Elgar Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847202932">https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847202932</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burns, J. M. (2004). <i>Transforming leadership: A new pursuit of happiness</i> (Reprint edition). Grove Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nance, K.-M. (2022). Phenomenon of leadership failure: An exploration to determine the significance of moral action for a sustainable leadership – JOFDT (Reg:1948–5859). <i>Journal of Disruptive Technology</i>, <i>13</i>(1), 1–103. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jofdt.com/phenomenon-of-leadership-failure-an-exploration-to-determine-the-significance-of-moral-action-for-a-sustainable-leadership-3/">https://www.jofdt.com/phenomenon-of-leadership-failure-an-exploration-to-determine-the-significance-of-moral-action-for-a-sustainable-leadership-3/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sagepub.com/authorDetails.nav?contribId=529806">"Sorenson, Georgia – SAGE Publications Inc"</a>. May 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sorenson%2C+Georgia+%E2%80%93+SAGE+Publications+Inc&rft.date=2021-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sagepub.com%2FauthorDetails.nav%3FcontribId%3D529806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1949" class="citation web cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=soyWngEACAAJ">"Congress on Trial, by James Macgregor Burns"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congress+on+Trial%2C+by+James+Macgregor+Burns&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsoyWngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/James-MacGregor-Burns/e/B000AQ3AVK">"Amazon.com: James MacGregor Burns: Books, Biography, Blog, Audiobooks, Kindle"</a>. <i>Amazon</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amazon&rft.atitle=Amazon.com%3A+James+MacGregor+Burns%3A+Books%2C+Biography%2C+Blog%2C+Audiobooks%2C+Kindle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FJames-MacGregor-Burns%2Fe%2FB000AQ3AVK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1956" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W4cGAQAAIAAJ"><i>Roosevelt: the lion and the fox</i></a>. Harcourt, Brace. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-178869-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-178869-9"><bdi>978-0-15-178869-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roosevelt%3A+the+lion+and+the+fox&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace&rft.date=1956&rft.isbn=978-0-15-178869-9&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW4cGAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.librarything.com/bookaward/Woodrow+Wilson+Foundation+Award">"Merze Tate - Elinor Ostrom Outstanding Book Award | Awards and Honors | LibraryThing"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merze+Tate+-+Elinor+Ostrom+Outstanding+Book+Award+%26%23124%3B+Awards+and+Honors+%26%23124%3B+LibraryThing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.librarything.com%2Fbookaward%2FWoodrow%2BWilson%2BFoundation%2BAward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalbook.org/people/james-macgregor-burns/">"James MacGregor Burns"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+MacGregor+Burns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalbook.org%2Fpeople%2Fjames-macgregor-burns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1960" class="citation web cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRl3AAAAMAAJ">"John Kennedy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Kennedy&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRl3AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsQuin1963" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor; Quin, G. G. (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BWgbAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Deadlock of Democracy</i></a>. Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7145-0188-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7145-0188-8"><bdi>978-0-7145-0188-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deadlock+of+Democracy&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-0-7145-0188-8&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft.au=Quin%2C+G.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBWgbAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Government-People-Dynamics-American-National/dp/B000F5M030/"><i>Government By the People; the Dynamics of American National Government: J et al MacGregor Burns: Amazon.com: Books</i></a>. Prentice-Hall. January 1963.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+By+the+People%3B+the+Dynamics+of+American+National+Government%3A+J+et+al+MacGregor+Burns%3A+Amazon.com%3A+Books&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1963-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FGovernment-People-Dynamics-American-National%2Fdp%2FB000F5M030%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1965" class="citation web cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IzQtQwAACAAJ">"Presidental [<i>sic</i>] Government"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidental%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+Government&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzQtQwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1970" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jaXZAAAAMAAJ"><i>Roosevelt, the Soldier of Freedom</i></a>. Konecky & Konecky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56852-091-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56852-091-9"><bdi>978-1-56852-091-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roosevelt%2C+the+Soldier+of+Freedom&rft.pub=Konecky+%26+Konecky&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-1-56852-091-9&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjaXZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1972" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5BfBgjvF5f8C"><i>Uncommon sense</i></a>. Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-010584-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-010584-6"><bdi>978-0-06-010584-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uncommon+sense&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-06-010584-6&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5BfBgjvF5f8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1976" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (April 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NTtDGQAACAAJ"><i>Edward Kennedy and the Camelot Legacy</i></a>. W. W. Norton, Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33184-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33184-4"><bdi>978-0-393-33184-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Kennedy+and+the+Camelot+Legacy&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1976-04&rft.isbn=978-0-393-33184-4&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNTtDGQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2012" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (April 10, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lhrPS_s7EawC"><i>Leadership</i></a>. Open Road Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4532-4517-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4532-4517-0"><bdi>978-1-4532-4517-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leadership&rft.pub=Open+Road+Media&rft.date=2012-04-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4532-4517-0&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlhrPS_s7EawC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2012" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (April 10, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sYV-YBZ-VZ8C"><i>The Vineyard of Liberty</i></a>. Open Road Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4532-4518-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4532-4518-7"><bdi>978-1-4532-4518-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vineyard+of+Liberty&rft.pub=Open+Road+Media&rft.date=2012-04-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4532-4518-7&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsYV-YBZ-VZ8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1985" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Mcgregor (September 23, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IBOgGQAACAAJ"><i>Power to Lead</i></a>. Touchstone. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-60462-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-60462-2"><bdi>978-0-671-60462-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+to+Lead&rft.pub=Touchstone&rft.date=1985-09-23&rft.isbn=978-0-671-60462-2&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Mcgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIBOgGQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/books/details/James_MacGregor_Burns_The_Workshop_of_Democracy?id=8hnOqFtAr0EC&hl=en"><i>The Workshop of Democracy</i></a>. Open Road Media. April 10, 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4532-4519-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4532-4519-4"><bdi>978-1-4532-4519-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Workshop+of+Democracy&rft.pub=Open+Road+Media&rft.date=2012-04-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4532-4519-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%2FJames_MacGregor_Burns_The_Workshop_of_Democracy%3Fid%3D8hnOqFtAr0EC%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2012" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (April 10, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YGOJcfBSdMsC"><i>The Crosswinds of Freedom</i></a>. Open Road Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4532-4520-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4532-4520-0"><bdi>978-1-4532-4520-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crosswinds+of+Freedom&rft.pub=Open+Road+Media&rft.date=2012-04-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4532-4520-0&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYGOJcfBSdMsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsMarvin_Overby1990" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor; Marvin Overby, L. (1990). <i>Cobblestone Leadership: Majority Rule, Minority Power (Julian J Rothbaum Distinguished Lecture Series): James MacGregor Burns: 9780806123141: Amazon.com: Books</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-2314-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-2314-1"><bdi>0-8061-2314-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cobblestone+Leadership%3A+Majority+Rule%2C+Minority+Power+%28Julian+J+Rothbaum+Distinguished+Lecture+Series%29%3A+James+MacGregor+Burns%3A+9780806123141%3A+Amazon.com%3A+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-8061-2314-1&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft.au=Marvin+Overby%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsBurns1991" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor; Burns, Stewart (1991). <i>A People's Charter: The Pursuit of Rights in America: James MacGregor Burns, Stewart Burns: 9780394577630: Amazon.com: Books</i>. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-57763-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-57763-9"><bdi>0-394-57763-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+People%27s+Charter%3A+The+Pursuit+of+Rights+in+America%3A+James+MacGregor+Burns%2C+Stewart+Burns%3A+9780394577630%3A+Amazon.com%3A+Books&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-394-57763-9&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft.au=Burns%2C+Stewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsCrottyDukeLongley1992" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor; Crotty, William J.; Duke, Lois Lovelace; Longley, Lawrence D. (June 7, 1992). <i>The Democrats Must Lead: The Case for a Progressive Democratic Party</i>. Avalon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-1570-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-1570-0"><bdi>0-8133-1570-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Democrats+Must+Lead%3A+The+Case+for+a+Progressive+Democratic+Party&rft.pub=Avalon&rft.date=1992-06-07&rft.isbn=0-8133-1570-0&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft.au=Crotty%2C+William+J.&rft.au=Duke%2C+Lois+Lovelace&rft.au=Longley%2C+Lawrence+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsHermesSorensonGerber1999" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor; Hermes; Sorenson, Georgia Jones; Gerber, Robin; Burns; Webster, Scott W. (1999). <i>Dead Center: Clinton-Gore Leadership and the Perils of Moderation: James Macgregor Burns, Georgia Jones Sorenson: 9780684837789: Amazon.com: Books</i>. Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-83778-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-83778-1"><bdi>0-684-83778-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dead+Center%3A+Clinton-Gore+Leadership+and+the+Perils+of+Moderation%3A+James+Macgregor+Burns%2C+Georgia+Jones+Sorenson%3A+9780684837789%3A+Amazon.com%3A+Books&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-684-83778-1&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft.au=Hermes&rft.au=Sorenson%2C+Georgia+Jones&rft.au=Gerber%2C+Robin&rft.au=Burns&rft.au=Webster%2C+Scott+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsDunn2000" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor; Dunn, Susan (October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fLCopwAACAAJ"><i>The Three Roosevelts</i></a>. Atlantic Monthly Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7567-6579-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7567-6579-8"><bdi>978-0-7567-6579-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Roosevelts&rft.pub=Atlantic+Monthly+Press&rft.date=2000-10&rft.isbn=978-0-7567-6579-8&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfLCopwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2003" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QGS87yO4TiIC"><i>Transforming Leadership</i></a>. Atlantic Monthly Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-168-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-168-4"><bdi>978-1-84354-168-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transforming+Leadership&rft.pub=Atlantic+Monthly+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84354-168-4&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQGS87yO4TiIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacGregorBurnsDunn2004" class="citation book cs1">MacGregor, James; Burns, James Macgregor; Dunn, Susan (January 7, 2004). <i>Amazon.com: George Washington (The American Presidents Series) (9780805069365): James MacGregor Burns, Susan Dunn, Arthur M. Schlesinger: Books</i>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-6936-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-6936-4"><bdi>0-8050-6936-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazon.com%3A+George+Washington+%28The+American+Presidents+Series%29+%289780805069365%29%3A+James+MacGregor+Burns%2C+Susan+Dunn%2C+Arthur+M.+Schlesinger%3A+Books&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2004-01-07&rft.isbn=0-8050-6936-4&rft.aulast=MacGregor&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Burns%2C+James+Macgregor&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoethalsSorenson2004" class="citation book cs1">Goethals, George R.; Sorenson, Georgia (March 19, 2004). <i>Encyclopedia of Leadership 4 vol. set: George R. (EDT)/ Sorenson, Georgia Jones (EDT)/ Burns, James MacGregor (EDT) Goethals: 9780761925972: Amazon.com: Books</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7619-2597-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7619-2597-X"><bdi>0-7619-2597-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Leadership+4+vol.+set%3A+George+R.+%28EDT%29%2F+Sorenson%2C+Georgia+Jones+%28EDT%29%2F+Burns%2C+James+MacGregor+%28EDT%29+Goethals%3A+9780761925972%3A+Amazon.com%3A+Books&rft.date=2004-03-19&rft.isbn=0-7619-2597-X&rft.aulast=Goethals&rft.aufirst=George+R.&rft.au=Sorenson%2C+Georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2009" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (June 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gh9FEEzW-gIC&q=james+macgregor+burns+congress+on+trial&pg=1"><i>Running Alone</i></a>. Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-4857-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-4857-0"><bdi>978-0-7867-4857-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Running+Alone&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2009-06-16&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-4857-0&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGh9FEEzW-gIC%26q%3Djames%2Bmacgregor%2Bburns%2Bcongress%2Bon%2Btrial%26pg%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2009" class="citation book cs1">Burns, James Macgregor (June 25, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rn-Sno8bf34C"><i>Packing the Court</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-08190-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-08190-7"><bdi>978-1-101-08190-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Packing+the+Court&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2009-06-25&rft.isbn=978-1-101-08190-7&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=James+Macgregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drn-Sno8bf34C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISBN9781250024893">"Fire and Light"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fire+and+Light&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DISBN9781250024893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+MacGregor+Burns" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bugXWk820B8"><span class="plainlinks">Video: James MacGregor Burns on Leadership</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000427/http://www.academy.umd.edu/">University of Maryland's James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership</a></li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep833">"The Open Mind – America's Past and Future Greatness, Part I (1985)"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep834">"The Open Mind – America's Past and Future Greatness, Part II (1985)"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?8148">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivesspace.williams.edu/repositories/2/resources/178">James MacGregor Burns Papers</a> at Williams College Archives & Special Collections</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_American_Political_Science_Association" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Political_Science_Association_presidents" title="Template:American Political Science Association presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Political_Science_Association_presidents" title="Template talk:American Political Science Association presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Political_Science_Association_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Political Science Association presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Political_Science_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association" title="American Political Science Association">American Political Science Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1903–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Johnson_Goodnow" title="Frank Johnson Goodnow">Frank Johnson Goodnow</a> (1903–1905)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Shaw_(journalist)" title="Albert Shaw (journalist)">Albert Shaw</a> (1905–1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Frederick N. Judson (1906–1907)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce" title="James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce">James Bryce</a> (1907–1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A._Lawrence_Lowell" title="A. Lawrence Lowell">A. Lawrence Lowell</a> (1908–1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (1909–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simeon_E._Baldwin" title="Simeon E. Baldwin">Simeon E. Baldwin</a> (1910–1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bushnell_Hart" title="Albert Bushnell Hart">Albert Bushnell Hart</a> (1911–1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Westel_W._Willoughby" title="Westel W. Willoughby">Westel W. Willoughby</a> (1912–1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bassett_Moore" title="John Bassett Moore">John Bassett Moore</a> (1913–1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Freund" title="Ernst Freund">Ernst Freund</a> (1914–1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Macy" title="Jesse Macy">Jesse Macy</a> (1915–1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munroe_Smith" title="Munroe Smith">Munroe Smith</a> (1916–1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jones_Ford" title="Henry Jones Ford">Henry Jones Ford</a> (1918–1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuel_Reinsch" title="Paul Samuel Reinsch">Paul Samuel Reinsch</a> (1919–1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Stanton_Rowe" title="Leo Stanton Rowe">Leo Stanton Rowe</a> (1920–1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Archibald_Dunning" title="William Archibald Dunning">William Archibald Dunning</a> (1921–1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Augustus_Garfield" title="Harry Augustus Garfield">Harry Augustus Garfield</a> (1922–1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Wilford_Garner" title="James Wilford Garner">James Wilford Garner</a> (1923–1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Charles Edward Merriam</a> (1924–1925)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1925–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Beard" title="Charles A. Beard">Charles A. Beard</a> (1925–1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_B._Munro" title="William B. Munro">William B. Munro</a> (1926–1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jesse S. Reeves (1927–1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Fairlie" title="John Archibald Fairlie">John A. Fairlie</a> (1928–1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Benjamin F. Shambaugh (1929–1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Samuel_Corwin" title="Edward Samuel Corwin">Edward Samuel Corwin</a> (1930–1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Willoughby" title="William F. Willoughby">William F. Willoughby</a> (1931–1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Isidor Loeb (1932–1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Walter J. Shepard (1933–1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Francis W. Coker (1934–1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_N._Holcombe" title="Arthur N. Holcombe">Arthur N. Holcombe</a> (1935–1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Thomas Reed Powell (1936–1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Addison_Dykstra" title="Clarence Addison Dykstra">Clarence Addison Dykstra</a> (1937–1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Charles Grove Haines (1938–1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Robert C. Brooks (1939–1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Austin_Ogg" title="Frederic Austin Ogg">Frederic A. Ogg</a> (1940–1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Anderson_(political_scientist)" title="William Anderson (political scientist)">William Anderson</a> (1941–1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Robert E. Cushman (1942–1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_D._White" title="Leonard D. White">Leonard D. White</a> (1943–1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">John Gaus (1944–1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._Dodd" title="Walter F. Dodd">Walter F. Dodd</a> (1945–1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_MacMahon" title="Arthur MacMahon">Arthur MacMahon</a> (1946–1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Henry R. Spencer (1947–1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Wright" title="Quincy Wright">Quincy Wright</a> (1948–1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_K._Pollock" title="James K. Pollock">James K. Pollock</a> (1949–1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Odegard" title="Peter H. Odegard">Peter H. Odegard</a> (1950–1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luther_Gulick_(social_scientist)" title="Luther Gulick (social scientist)">Luther Gulick</a> (1951–1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._Pendleton_Herring" title="E. Pendleton Herring">E. Pendleton Herring</a> (1952–1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a> (1953–1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Charles McKinley (1954–1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Lasswell" title="Harold Lasswell">Harold Lasswell</a> (1955–1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Eric_Schattschneider" title="Elmer Eric Schattschneider">Elmer Eric Schattschneider</a> (1956–1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V._O._Key_Jr." title="V. O. Key Jr.">V. O. Key Jr.</a> (1957–1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">R. Taylor Cole (1958–1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Brent_Swisher" title="Carl Brent Swisher">Carl Brent Swisher</a> (1959–1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmette_Redford" title="Emmette Redford">Emmette Redford</a> (1960–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Charles S. Hyneman (1961–1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Joachim_Friedrich" title="Carl Joachim Friedrich">Carl Joachim Friedrich</a> (1962–1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">C. Herman Pritchett (1963–1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Truman" title="David Truman">David Truman</a> (1964–1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Almond" title="Gabriel Almond">Gabriel Almond</a> (1965–1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Dahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Dahl">Robert A. Dahl</a> (1966–1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merle_Fainsod" title="Merle Fainsod">Merle Fainsod</a> (1967–1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Easton" title="David Easton">David Easton</a> (1968–1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Deutsch" title="Karl Deutsch">Karl Deutsch</a> (1969–1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lane" title="Robert E. Lane">Robert E. Lane</a> (1970–1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Heinz Eulau (1971–1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Robert E. Ward (1972–1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Avery Leiserson (1973–1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Austin_Ranney" title="J. Austin Ranney">J. Austin Ranney</a> (1974–1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James MacGregor Burns</a> (1975–1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beer" title="Samuel Beer">Samuel Beer</a> (1976–1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wahlke" title="John Wahlke">John Wahlke</a> (1977–1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Epstein" title="Leon Epstein">Leon Epstein</a> (1978–1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Miller_(political_scientist)" title="Warren Miller (political scientist)">Warren Miller</a> (1979–1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Lindblom" title="Charles E. Lindblom">Charles E. Lindblom</a> (1980–1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Martin_Lipset" title="Seymour Martin Lipset">Seymour Martin Lipset</a> (1981–1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_H._Riker" title="William H. Riker">William H. Riker</a> (1982–1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Converse" title="Philip Converse">Philip Converse</a> (1983–1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fenno" title="Richard Fenno">Richard Fenno</a> (1984–1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Wildavsky" title="Aaron Wildavsky">Aaron Wildavsky</a> (1985–1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Samuel P. Huntington</a> (1986–1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Waltz" title="Kenneth Waltz">Kenneth Waltz</a> (1987–1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Pye" title="Lucian Pye">Lucian Pye</a> (1988–1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judith_N._Shklar" title="Judith N. Shklar">Judith N. Shklar</a> (1989–1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_J._Lowi" title="Theodore J. Lowi">Theodore J. Lowi</a> (1990–1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Q._Wilson" title="James Q. Wilson">James Q. Wilson</a> (1991–1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Barker" title="Lucius Barker">Lucius Barker</a> (1992–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_O._Jones" title="Charles O. Jones">Charles O. Jones</a> (1993–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Verba" title="Sidney Verba">Sidney Verba</a> (1994–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arend_Lijphart" title="Arend Lijphart">Arend Lijphart</a> (1995–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a> (1996–1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M._Kent_Jennings" title="M. Kent Jennings">M. Kent Jennings</a> (1997–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Holden" title="Matthew Holden">Matthew Holden</a> (1998–1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Keohane" title="Robert Keohane">Robert Keohane</a> (1999–2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jervis" title="Robert Jervis">Robert Jervis</a> (2000–2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Putnam" title="Robert D. Putnam">Robert D. Putnam</a> (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theda_Skocpol" title="Theda Skocpol">Theda Skocpol</a> (2002–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Hoeber_Rudolph" title="Susanne Hoeber Rudolph">Susanne Hoeber Rudolph</a> (2003–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Levi" title="Margaret Levi">Margaret Levi</a> (2004–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ira_Katznelson" title="Ira Katznelson">Ira Katznelson</a> (2005–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Axelrod (political scientist)">Robert Axelrod</a> (2006–2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Pinderhughes" title="Dianne Pinderhughes">Dianne Pinderhughes</a> (2007–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Katzenstein" title="Peter J. Katzenstein">Peter J. Katzenstein</a> (2008–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Brady" title="Henry E. Brady">Henry E. Brady</a> (2009–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carole_Pateman" title="Carole Pateman">Carole Pateman</a> (2010–2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">G. Bingham Powell (2011–2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Mansbridge" title="Jane Mansbridge">Jane Mansbridge</a> (2012–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Aldrich_(political_scientist)" title="John Aldrich (political scientist)">John Aldrich</a> (2013–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Rodney E. Hero (2014–2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hochschild" title="Jennifer Hochschild">Jennifer Hochschild</a> (2015–2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_A._Lake" title="David A. Lake">David A. Lake</a> (2016–2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Thelen" title="Kathleen Thelen">Kathleen Thelen</a> (2017–2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Smith" title="Rogers Smith">Rogers Smith</a> (2018–2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paula_D._McClain" title="Paula D. McClain">Paula D. McClain</a> (2019–2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Janet_M._Box-Steffensmeier" title="Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier">Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier</a> (2020–2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ishiyama" title="John Ishiyama">John Ishiyama</a> (2021–2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Martin_(political_scientist)" title="Lisa Martin (political scientist)">Lisa Martin</a> (2022–2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Warren" title="Mark E. Warren">Mark E. Warren</a> (2023–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_History_(1951–1975)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_HistoryAuthors_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 1951–1975"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_HistoryAuthors_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 1951–1975"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_HistoryAuthors_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 1951–1975"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_History_(1951–1975)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" title="Pulitzer Prize for History">History</a> (1951–1975)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R._Carlyle_Buley" title="R. Carlyle Buley">R. Carlyle Buley</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Handlin" title="Oscar Handlin">Oscar Handlin</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Dangerfield" title="George Dangerfield">George Dangerfield</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Catton" title="Bruce Catton">Bruce Catton</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Horgan" title="Paul Horgan">Paul Horgan</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hofstadter" title="Richard Hofstadter">Richard Hofstadter</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_F._Kennan" title="George F. Kennan">George F. Kennan</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bray_Hammond" title="Bray Hammond">Bray Hammond</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_D._White" title="Leonard D. White">Leonard D. White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Schneider" title="Jean Schneider">Jean Schneider</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Leech" title="Margaret Leech">Margaret Leech</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_H._Gipson" title="Lawrence H. Gipson">Lawrence H. Gipson</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constance_McLaughlin_Green" title="Constance McLaughlin Green">Constance McLaughlin Green</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sumner_Chilton_Powell" title="Sumner Chilton Powell">Sumner Chilton Powell</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Unger" title="Irwin Unger">Irwin Unger</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perry_Miller" title="Perry Miller">Perry Miller</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_H._Goetzmann" title="William H. Goetzmann">William H. Goetzmann</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bailyn" title="Bernard Bailyn">Bernard Bailyn</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Levy" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonard Levy">Leonard Levy</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Dean Acheson</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James MacGregor Burns</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Neumann_Degler" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Neumann Degler">Carl Neumann Degler</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kammen" title="Michael Kammen">Michael Kammen</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Daniel J. Boorstin</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dumas_Malone" title="Dumas Malone">Dumas Malone</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Prizes_(medal).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/60px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/90px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/120px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_History" title="Template:PulitzerPrize History">Complete list</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_HistoryAuthors_1917%E2%80%931925" title="Template:PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 1917–1925">1917–1925</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_HistoryAuthors_1926%E2%80%931950" title="Template:PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 1926–1950">1926–1950</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_HistoryAuthors_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 1951–1975">1951–1975</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_HistoryAuthors_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Template:PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 1976–2000">1976–2000</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_HistoryAuthors_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 2001–2025">2001–2025</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1529607#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1529607#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1529607#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000118624741">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000048617510">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/26837121">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/11682/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB8vm7qH8hYjVcBXPKrv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118862162">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50034518">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12019692z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12019692z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00434892">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35892175">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0086903&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1214050">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06950959X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90205677">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000014651&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000051884&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=228033">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199603999">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810686335105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/148588">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259357305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058522513806706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14297578">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00862809?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/973907">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028341775">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580523">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6j79j5g">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&oldid=1242670794">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_MacGregor_Burns&oldid=1242670794</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1918_births" title="Category:1918 births">1918 births</a></li><li><a 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