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href=/list/physics/new?skip=0&show=1000 rel="nofollow"> fewer</a> | <span style="color: #454545">more</span> | <span style="color: #454545">all</span> </div> <dl id='articles'> <h3>New submissions (showing 51 of 51 entries)</h3> <dt> <a name='item1'>[1]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.01973" title="Abstract" id="2504.01973"> arXiv:2504.01973 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.01973" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.01973" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.01973">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.01973v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.01973" aria-labelledby="html-2504.01973" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.01973" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.01973" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.01973">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Universally applicable and tunable graph-based coarse-graining for Machine learning force fields </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brunken,+C">Christoph Brunken</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boyer,+S">Sebastien Boyer</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Omar,+M">Mustafa Omar</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maarand,+M">Martin Maarand</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Peltre,+O">Olivier Peltre</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Attias,+S">Solal Attias</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Diallo,+B+N">Bakary N'tji Diallo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Markina,+A">Anastasia Markina</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Othersen,+O">Olaf Othersen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bent,+O">Oliver Bent</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)</span>; Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Coarse-grained (CG) force field methods for molecular systems are a crucial tool to simulate large biological macromolecules and are therefore essential for characterisations of biomolecular systems. While state-of-the-art deep learning (DL)-based models for all-atom force fields have improved immensely over recent years, we observe and analyse significant limitations of the currently available approaches for DL-based CG simulations. In this work, we present the first transferable DL-based CG force field approach (i.e., not specific to only one narrowly defined system type) applicable to a wide range of biosystems. To achieve this, our CG algorithm does not rely on hard-coded rules and is tuned to output coarse-grained systems optimised for minimal statistical noise in the ground truth CG forces, which results in significant improvement of model training. Our force field model is also the first CG variant that is based on the MACE architecture and is trained on a custom dataset created by a new approach based on the fragmentation of large biosystems covering protein, RNA and lipid chemistry. We demonstrate that our model can be applied in molecular dynamics simulations to obtain stable and qualitatively accurate trajectories for a variety of systems, while also discussing cases for which we observe limited reliability. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item2'>[2]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.01976" title="Abstract" id="2504.01976"> arXiv:2504.01976 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.01976" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.01976" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.01976">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.01976" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.01976" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.01976">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Droplet-on-demand using a positive pressure pulse </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ol%C3%A9ron,+M">Mathieu Ol茅ron</a> (IPGG), <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Clement,+G">Gregoire Clement</a> (IPGG), <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caballero,+S+H">Samuel Hidalgo Caballero</a> (IPGG), <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gunny,+M">Masoodah Gunny</a> (IPGG), <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Box,+F">Finn Box</a> (IPGG), <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Labousse,+M">Matthieu Labousse</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mcgraw,+J+D">Joshua D Mcgraw</a> (IPGG)</div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)</span>; Classical Physics (physics.class-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Droplet generation under steady conditions is a common microfluidic method for producing biphasic systems. However, this process works only over a limited range of imposed pressure: beyond a critical value, a stable liquid jet can instead form. Furthermore, for a given geometry the pressure conditions set both the generation rate of droplets and their volume. Here, we report on-demand droplet production using a positive pressure pulse to the dispersed-phase inlet of a flow-focusing geometry. This strategy enables confined droplet generation within and beyond the pressure range observed under steady conditions, and decouples volume and production rate. In particular, elongated plugs not possible under steady conditions may be formed when the maximal pressure during the pulse reaches the jet regime. The measured volume of droplets-on-demand, as well as the onset of droplet generation are both captured with a simple model that considers hydraulic resistances. This work provides a strategy and design rules for processes that require individual droplets or elongated plugs in a simple microfluidic chip design. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item3'>[3]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.01998" title="Abstract" id="2504.01998"> arXiv:2504.01998 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.01998" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.01998" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.01998">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.01998v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.01998" aria-labelledby="html-2504.01998" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.01998" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.01998" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.01998">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Statistical mechanical space-time decomposition as a key to a (non-perturbative) quantization prescription for gravity </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mandrin,+P+A">Pierre A Mandrin</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 8 pages. To appear in J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. (2025). (This article is part of the same project as in Mandrin P A 2023 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2533 012034; <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20837" data-arxiv-id="2503.20837" class="link-https">arXiv:2503.20837</a>) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">General Physics (physics.gen-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> By assuming gravity and matter to be subject to a joint statistical mechanical concept (JSMC) and interpreting Rindler horizon sections as open thermodynamic systems, one arrives at a specific new form of non-perturbative Lorentzian path integral quantisation in a compact space-time region, with well-determined gravitational measure, adequate fixing of boundary conditions and causal geometries. JSMC implies a space-time decomposition, leading to a sum over configurations in line with path integral methods. In these developments, we carefully distinguish the concepts of Boltzmann's statistical mechanics and the path integral. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item4'>[4]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.01999" title="Abstract" id="2504.01999"> arXiv:2504.01999 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.01999" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.01999" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.01999">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.01999v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.01999" aria-labelledby="html-2504.01999" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.01999" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.01999" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.01999">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> MATHUSLA: An External Long-Lived Particle Detector to Maximize the Discovery Potential of the HL-LHC </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aitken,+B">Branden Aitken</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alpigiani,+C">Cristiano Alpigiani</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Arteaga-Vel%C3%A1zquez,+J+C">Juan Carlos Arteaga-Vel谩zquez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baker,+M">Mitchel Baker</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Balazs,+K">Kincso Balazs</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barron,+J">Jared Barron</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Batell,+B">Brian Batell</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Batz,+A">Austin Batz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Benhammou,+Y">Yan Benhammou</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bud,+T+A">Tamara Alice Bud</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caballero-Mora,+K+S">Karen Salom茅 Caballero-Mora</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chou,+J+P">John Paul Chou</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Curtin,+D">David Curtin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=de+Roeck,+A">Albert de Roeck</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Diamond,+M">Miriam Diamond</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Didenko,+M">Mariia Didenko</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dienes,+K+R">Keith R. Dienes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dougherty,+W">William Dougherty</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dougherty,+L+A">Liam Andrew Dougherty</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Drewes,+M">Marco Drewes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Erramilli,+S">Sameer Erramilli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Etzion,+E">Erez Etzion</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=T%C3%A9llez,+A+F">Arturo Fern谩ndez T茅llez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Finlayson,+G">Grace Finlayson</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fischer,+O">Oliver Fischer</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Freeman,+J">Jim Freeman</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gall,+J">Jonathan Gall</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Garabaglu,+A">Ali Garabaglu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gomber,+B">Bhawna Gomber</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Greenberg,+S+E">Stephen Elliott Greenberg</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Grewal,+J+S">Jaipratap Singh Grewal</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hallman,+Z">Zoe Hallman</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hassan,+B">Bahgat Hassan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Heng,+Y">Yuekun Heng</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Humphrey,+K">Keegan Humphrey</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Humphrey,+T">Trystan Humphrey</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kribs,+G+D">Graham D. Kribs</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lau,+A">Alex Lau</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liao,+J">Jiahao Liao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+Z">Zhen Liu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marsella,+G">Giovanni Marsella</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=McCullough,+M">Matthew McCullough</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=McKeen,+D">David McKeen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Meade,+P">Patrick Meade</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Miller,+C">Caleb Miller</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mizrachi,+G">Gilad Mizrachi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morales-Olivares,+O+G">O. G. Morales-Olivares</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morrissey,+D">David Morrissey</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morsy,+A+A">Abdulrahman Ahmed Morsy</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Osborn,+J">John Osborn</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Owh,+G">Gabriel Owh</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Panagiotou,+M">Michalis Panagiotou</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Proffitt,+M">Mason Proffitt</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ren,+R">Runze Ren</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Robertson,+S+H">Steven H. Robertson</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rodr%C3%ADguez-Cahuantzi,+M">Mario Rodr铆guez-Cahuantzi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Russell,+H">Heather Russell</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=S%C3%A1nchez,+V">Victoria S谩nchez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Saka,+H">Halil Saka</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samra,+M">Mamoksh Samra</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schnarr,+R">Rodney Schnarr</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shelton,+J">Jessie Shelton</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Silver,+Y">Yiftah Silver</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Stolarski,+D">Daniel Stolarski</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vasquez,+M+A+S">Martin A. Subieta Vasquez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Swain,+S+K">Sanjay Kumar Swain</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thayil,+S+A">Steffie Ann Thayil</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thomas,+B">Brooks Thomas</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Torro,+E">Emma Torro</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tsai,+Y">Yuhsin Tsai</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Winnicky-Lewis,+B">Bennett Winnicky-Lewis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zolkin,+I">Igor Zolkin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zurita,+J">Jose Zurita</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Input to the 2026 update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics. 10 pages + references. 7 figures, 2 tables. This submission draws heavily from, and acts as an executive summary of, the MATHUSLA CDR (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20893" data-arxiv-id="2503.20893" class="link-https">arXiv:2503.20893</a>), but makes additional points and is a standalone separate document. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20893" data-arxiv-id="2503.20893" class="link-https">arXiv:2503.20893</a> </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)</span>; High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex); High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We present the current status of the MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) long-lived particle (LLP) detector at the HL-LHC, covering the design, fabrication and installation at CERN Point 5. MATHUSLA40 is a 40 m-scale detector with an air-filled decay volume that is instrumented with scintillator tracking detectors, to be located near CMS. Its large size, close proximity to the CMS interaction point and about 100 m of rock shielding from LHC backgrounds allows it to detect LLP production rates and lifetimes that are one to two orders of magnitude beyond the ultimate reach of the LHC main detectors. This provides unique sensitivity to many LLP signals that are highly theoretically motivated, due to their connection to the hierarchy problem, the nature of dark matter, and baryogenesis. Data taking is projected to commence with the start of HL-LHC operations. We summarize the new 40m design for the detector that was recently presented in the MATHUSLA Conceptual Design Report, alongside new realistic background and signal simulations that demonstrate high efficiency for the main target LLP signals in a background-free HL-LHC search. We argue that MATHUSLA's uniquely robust expansion of the HL-LHC physics reach is a crucial ingredient in CERN's mission to search for new physics and characterize the Higgs boson with precision. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item5'>[5]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02006" title="Abstract" id="2504.02006"> arXiv:2504.02006 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02006" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02006" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02006">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02006v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02006" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02006" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02006" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02006" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02006">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> The Calibr-A-Ton: a novel method for calorimeter energy calibration </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Becheva,+E">Emilia Becheva</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Davignon,+O">Olivier Davignon</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ghosh,+S">Shamik Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Magniette,+F">Fr茅d茅ric Magniette</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Motta,+J">Jona Motta</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rabour,+L">L茅a-Maria Rabour</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sauvan,+J">Jean-Baptiste Sauvan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vernazza,+E">Elena Vernazza</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 12 pages, 11 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)</span>; High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) </div> <p class='mathjax'> The energy calibration of calorimeters at collider experiments, such as the ones at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, is crucial for achieving the experiment's physics objectives. Standard calibration approaches have limitations which become more pronounced as detector granularity increases. In this paper we propose a novel calibration procedure to simultaneously calibrate individual detector cells belonging to a particle shower, by targeting a well-controlled energy reference. The method bypasses some of the difficulties that exist in more standard approaches. It is implemented using differentiable programming. In this paper, simulated energy deposits in the electromagnetic section of a high-granularity calorimeter are used to study the method and demonstrate its performance. It is shown that the method is able to correct for biases in the energy response. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item6'>[6]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02036" title="Abstract" id="2504.02036"> arXiv:2504.02036 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02036" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02036" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02036">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02036v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02036" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02036" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02036" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02036" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02036">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Two-dimensional Synchrotron Beam Shape Characterization using Interferometric Closure Amplitudes </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thyagarajan,+N">Nithyanandan Thyagarajan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nikolic,+B">Bojan Nikolic</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carilli,+C">Chris Carilli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Torino,+L">Laura Torino</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Iriso,+U">Ubaldo Iriso</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to the Journal of the Optical Society of America A </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span>; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Synchrotron radiation interferometry (SRI) is widely used in particle accelerators to monitor the transverse beam profile, and thus the critical beam emittance parameter. We introduce a novel technique to SRI using closure amplitudes, inspired by radio interferometry, to determine the two-dimensional profile of the synchrotron beam. Previous techniques have required multiple interferograms or accurate estimates of the non-uniform aperture illuminations. In contrast, our method using closure amplitudes avoids the need to estimate the aperture illuminations while determining the two-dimensional beam shape from a single interferogram. The invariance of closure amplitudes to even time-varying aperture illuminations makes it suitable to longer averaging intervals, with potential to reducing data rates and computational overheads. Using data from the ALBA synchrotron light source and having validated the results against existing methods, this paper represents one of the first real-world applications of interferometric closure amplitudes to directly determine the light source shape. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item7'>[7]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02047" title="Abstract" id="2504.02047"> arXiv:2504.02047 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02047" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02047" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02047">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02047v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02047" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02047" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02047" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02047" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02047">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> A geometric Particle-In-Cell discretization of the drift-kinetic and fully kinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Meng,+G">Guo Meng</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kormann,+K">Katharina Kormann</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Poulsen,+E">Emil Poulsen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sonnendr%C3%BCcker,+E">Eric Sonnendr眉cker</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Special Issue on the 2024 Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)</span>; Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In this paper, we extend the geometric Particle in Cell framework on dual grids to a gauge-free drift-kinetic Vlasov--Maxwell model and its coupling with the fully kinetic model. We derive a discrete action principle on dual grids for our drift-kinetic model, such that the dynamical system involves only the electric and magnetic fields and not the potentials as most drift-kinetic and gyrokinetic models do. This yields a macroscopic Maxwell equation including polarization and magnetization terms that can be coupled straightforwardly with a fully kinetic model. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item8'>[8]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02053" title="Abstract" id="2504.02053"> arXiv:2504.02053 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02053" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02053" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02053">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02053v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02053" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02053" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02053" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02053" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02053">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Experimental observation of flow instability control by metamaterial subsurfaces </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Keogh,+M">Melanie Keogh</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=McTighe,+J">Jensen McTighe</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dahl,+J">Jason Dahl</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bilal,+O+R">Osama R. Bilal</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)</span>; Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Flow instabilities within a fluid flow can cause laminar-to-turbulent transition over surfaces. These instabilities can result from upstream, wake-generating disturbances, leading to increased drag and turbulence-induced energy losses. Flow control strategies can address these issues through active methods, requiring energy input, or passive systems, which operate without added input. Here, we present a passive approach to flow control using embedded phononic metamaterials to alter vortex instability development, without changing the outer-surface's texture, roughness or compliance. Experiments confirm that our subsurface can suppress vortex growth at target frequencies, demonstrating the potential for energy-efficient flow management with phononic subsurfaces. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item9'>[9]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02056" title="Abstract" id="2504.02056"> arXiv:2504.02056 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02056" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02056" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02056">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02056v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02056" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02056" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02056" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02056" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02056">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Lateral Cavity-Enhanced Guided Mode Resonance Structures for Mid-wave Infrared Photodetector Pixels </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Purkait,+S">Sreeja Purkait</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mansfield,+N">Noah Mansfield</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tischenko,+Y">Yadviga Tischenko</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Raju,+A">Amogh Raju</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reggio,+W">William Reggio</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wasserman,+D">Daniel Wasserman</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Podolskiy,+V">Viktor Podolskiy</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 17 pages, 5 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span>; Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We present the design, fabrication, and optical characterization of ultra-compact mid-wave infrared photodetector pixels. Our design relies on a guided mode resonance structure to confine incident mid-infrared light to the 250 nm-thick absorber region of all-epitaxially-grown material stack, and a hybrid cavity-guided mode resonance to confine the mode in the lateral direction. The resulting pixel, with deep subwavelength thickness and lateral dimensions on the order of almost two times free space operating wavelength is predicted to achieve external quantum efficiency of the order of 50%. Our work opens the door for truly compact mid-wave infrared pixels that offer the combined benefits of low dark current, room temperature operation, and small lateral size. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item10'>[10]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02066" title="Abstract" id="2504.02066"> arXiv:2504.02066 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02066" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02066" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02066">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02066v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02066" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02066" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02066" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02066" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02066">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Microcavity-Enhanced Exciton Dynamics in Light-Harvesting Complexes: Insights from Redfield Theory </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rosenkampff,+I">Ilmari Rosenkampff</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pullerits,+T">T玫nu Pullerits</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 23 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Journal of Chemical Physics </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> We investigated the exciton transfer dynamics in photosynthetic light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) coupled to an optical microcavity. Using computational simulations based on Redfield theory, we analyzed how microcavity coupling influences energy relaxation and transfer within and between LH2 aggregates. Our results show that the exciton transfer rate between B850 rings follows a square dependence on the light-matter coupling strength, in agreement with Fermi's golden rule. Interestingly, the energy transfer rate remains almost independent of the number of LH2 complexes. This behavior is explained by the molecular components of the polaritonic wavefunction overlaps. These findings highlight the crucial role of cavity-induced polaritonic states in mediating energy transport and provide a theoretical framework for optimizing microcavity environments to enhance exciton mobility in light-harvesting systems and related photonic applications. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item11'>[11]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02070" title="Abstract" id="2504.02070"> arXiv:2504.02070 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02070" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02070" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02070">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02070v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02070" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02070" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02070" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02070" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02070">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Optimal and suboptimal spatiotemporal dynamics of multi-shear-layers in rectangular jet </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thakor,+M">Mitesh Thakor</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gaitonde,+D+V">Datta V. Gaitonde</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sun,+Y">Yiyang Sun</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> We analyze the perturbation dynamics of a complex supersonic multi-stream rectangular jet. The dynamics are examined through application of spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) to elicit coherent structure and linear resolvent analysis to reveal forcing-response characteristics. SPOD of a large-eddy simulation identifies Kelvin--Helmholtz coherent structures at the dominating frequency in the splitter plate shear layer region, formed by mixing core Mach $1.6$ and bypass Mach $1.0$ streams. Resolvent analysis leverages the time-averaged flowfield on the center plane with discounting to capture flow response over a finite time window, addressing base flow instabilities. The optimal and first sub-optimal resolvent energy amplifications peak near the dominant frequency for a wide range of frequencies and spanwise wavenumbers. Comparing the resolvent and SPOD results, we find that the linear operator over-optimizes the optimal mechanism, and the sub-optimal mode instead is more aligned with the leading SPOD mode. An intriguing shift phenomenon where the optimal and sub-optimal gain distributions crossover is observed; these events are associated with receptive regions in the different shear layers. Subsequent input-output analyses with state-variable and spatial restrictions provide insights into componentwise amplification of the jet flow response, thus providing direction for tailored practical flow control. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item12'>[12]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02089" title="Abstract" id="2504.02089"> arXiv:2504.02089 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02089" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02089" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02089">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02089v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02089" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02089" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02089" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02089" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02089">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Perturbations and Phase Transitions in Swarm Optimization Algorithms </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vantuch,+T">Tom谩拧 Vantuch</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zelinka,+I">Ivan Zelinka</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Adamatzky,+A">Andrew Adamatzky</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marwan,+N">Norbert Marwan</a></div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> Natural Computing, 18(3), 579-591 (2019) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)</span>; Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Natural systems often exhibit chaotic behavior in their space-time evolution. Systems transiting between chaos and order manifest a potential to compute, as shown with cellular automata and artificial neural networks. We demonstrate that swarm optimization algorithms also exhibit transitions from chaos, analogous to a motion of gas molecules, when particles explore solution space disorderly, to order, when particles follow a leader, similar to molecules propagating along diffusion gradients in liquid solutions of reagents. We analyze these `phase-like' transitions in swarm optimization algorithms using recurrence quantification analysis and Lempel-Ziv complexity estimation. We demonstrate that converging iterations of the optimization algorithms are statistically different from non-converging ones in a view of applied chaos, complexity and predictability estimating indicators. <br>An identification of a key factor responsible for the intensity of their phase transition is the main contribution of this paper. We examined an optimization as a process with three variable factors -- an algorithm, number generator and optimization function. More than 9.000 executions of the optimization algorithm revealed that the nature of an applied algorithm itself is the main source of the phase transitions. Some of the algorithms exhibit larger transition-shifting behavior while others perform rather transition-steady computing. These findings might be important for future extensions of these algorithms. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item13'>[13]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02102" title="Abstract" id="2504.02102"> arXiv:2504.02102 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02102" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02102" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02102">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02102" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02102" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02102">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Nonlinear interactions between the Amazon River basin and the Tropical North Atlantic at interannual timescales </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Builes-Jaramillo,+A">Alejandro Builes-Jaramillo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marwan,+N">Norbert Marwan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Poveda,+G">Germ谩n Poveda</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kurths,+J">J眉rgen Kurths</a></div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> Climate Dynamics, 50(7-8), 2951-2969 (2018) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)</span>; Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD); Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We study the physical processes involved in the potential influence of Amazon (AM) hydroclimatology over the Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) at interannual timescales, by analyzing time series of the precipitation index (P-E) over AM, as well as the surface atmospheric pressure gradient between both regions, and TNA SSTs. We use a recurrence joint probability based analysis that accounts for the lagged nonlinear dependency between time series, which also allows quantifying the statistical significance, based on a twin surrogates technique of the recurrence analysis. By means of such nonlinear dependence analysis we find that at interannual timescales AM hydrology influences future states of the TNA SSTs from 0 to 2 months later with a 90% to 95% statistical confidence. It also unveils the existence of two-way feedback mechanisms between the variables involved in the processes: (i) precipitation over AM leads the atmospheric pressure gradient between TNA and AM from 0 and 2 month lags, (ii) the pressure gradient leads the trade zonal winds over the TNA from 0 to 3 months and from 7 to 12 months, (iii) the zonal winds lead the SSTs from 0 to 3 months, and (iv) the SSTs lead precipitation over AM by 1 month lag. The analyses were made for time series spanning from 1979 to 2008, and for extreme precipitation events in the AM during the years 1999, 2005, 2009 and 2010. We also evaluated the monthly mean conditions of the relevant variables during the extreme AM droughts of 1963, 1980, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2005, and 2010, and also during the floods of 1989, 1999, and 2009. Our results confirm that the Amazon River basin acts as a land surface-atmosphere bridge that links the Tropical Pacific and TNA SSTs at interannual timescales. ... </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item14'>[14]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02103" title="Abstract" id="2504.02103"> arXiv:2504.02103 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02103" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02103" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02103">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02103" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02103" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02103">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> OAM-Assisted Self-Healing Is Directional, Proportional and Persistent </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Klemes,+M">Marek Klemes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hu,+L">Lan Hu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bowles,+G">Greg Bowles</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ghayekhloo,+A">Alireza Ghayekhloo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Akbari,+M">Mohammad Akbari</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thirakoune,+S">Soulideth Thirakoune</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schwartzman,+M">Michael Schwartzman</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+K">Kevin Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ho,+T+H">Tan Huy Ho</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wessel,+D">David Wessel</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tong,+W">Wen Tong</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 20 pages, including 2 appendices </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span>; Signal Processing (eess.SP) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In this paper we demonstrate the postulated mechanism of self-healing specifically due to orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) in radio vortex beams having equal beam-widths. In previous work we experimentally demonstrated self-healing effects in OAM beams at 28 GHz and postulated a theoretical mechanism to account for them. In this work we further characterize the OAM self-healing mechanism theoretically and confirm those characteristics with systematic and controlled experimental measurements on a 28 GHz outdoor link. Specifically, we find that the OAM self-healing mechanism is an additional self-healing mechanism in structured electromagnetic beams which is directional with respect to the displacement of an obstruction relative to the beam axis. We also confirm our previous findings that the amount of OAM self-healing is proportional to the OAM order, and additionally find that it persists beyond the focusing region into the far field. As such, OAM-assisted self-healing brings an advantage over other so-called non-diffracting beams both in terms of the minimum distance for onset of self-healing and the amount of self-healing obtainable. We relate our findings by extending theoretical models in the literature and develop a unifying electromagnetic analysis to account for self-healing of OAM-bearing non-diffracting beams more rigorously. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item15'>[15]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02105" title="Abstract" id="2504.02105"> arXiv:2504.02105 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02105" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02105" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02105">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02105v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02105" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02105" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02105" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02105" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02105">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Matrix-based Induced Metric with Non Commutative Gauge Fields </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=de+Paula,+L">Leandro de Paula</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 11 pages </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">General Physics (physics.gen-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> This work presents a matrix formulation for the induced metric on a brane, where non-commutative gauge fields play a central role. By starting from a general embedding of a p-brane in a higher-dimensional bulk, we derive the induced metric using commutator relations and extend the framework by incorporating gauge fields through a minimal coupling prescription. This approach not only draws an analogy with the effective acoustic metric in condensed matter systems but also provides insight into the emergence of light quanta as low-energy collective excitations of the quantum vacuum. In a simplified setting with a free Hamiltonian, we recover standard results in the appropriate limits while also uncovering new regimes characterized by a non-trivial coupling between the emergent gauge fields and the underlying matrix degrees of freedom. Our findings suggest potential pathways for connecting aspects of string theory matrix models with phenomenological features of emergent gravity. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item16'>[16]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02196" title="Abstract" id="2504.02196"> arXiv:2504.02196 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02196" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02196" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02196">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02196v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02196" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02196" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02196" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02196" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02196">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Orbit Determination through Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=de+Albuquerque,+P+K">Pedro K de Albuquerque</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kuroswiski,+A+R">Andre R Kuroswiski</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wu,+A+S">Annie S. Wu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santos,+W+G+d">Willer G. dos Santos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Costa,+P">Paulo Costa</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> This paper was presented at the 2024 AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, August 11-15, 2024, Broomfield, Colorado, USA </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)</span>; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); Machine Learning (cs.LG) </div> <p class='mathjax'> This research explores the use of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation as a reference signal for Initial Orbit Determination (IOD). By leveraging the unique properties of CMB, this study introduces a novel method for estimating spacecraft velocity and position with minimal reliance on pre-existing environmental data, offering significant advantages for space missions independent of Earth-specific conditions. Using Machine Learning (ML) regression models, this approach demonstrates the capability to determine velocity from CMB signals and subsequently determine the satellite's position. The results indicate that CMB has the potential to enhance the autonomy and flexibility of spacecraft operations. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item17'>[17]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02218" title="Abstract" id="2504.02218"> arXiv:2504.02218 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02218" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02218" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02218">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02218v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02218" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02218" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02218" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02218" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02218">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> From short-sighted to far-sighted: A comparative study of recursive machine learning approaches for open quantum systems </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ullah,+A">Arif Ullah</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Accurately modeling open quantum system dynamics is crucial for advancing quantum technologies, yet traditional methods struggle to balance accuracy and efficiency. Machine learning (ML) provides a promising alternative, particularly through recursive models that predict system evolution based on past history. While these models have shown success in predicting single observables, their effectiveness in more complex tasks, such as forecasting the full reduced density matrix (RDM), remains unclear. We extend history-based recursive ML approaches to complex quantum systems, comparing four physics-informed neural network (PINN) architectures: (i) single-RDM-predicting PINN (SR-PINN), (ii) SR-PINN with simulation parameters (PSR-PINN), (iii) multi-RDMs-predicting PINN (MR-PINN), and (iv) MR-PINN with simulation parameters (PMR-PINN). These models are applied to the spin-boson (SB) model and the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex. Our results show that SR-PINN and PSR-PINN, constrained by a narrow history window, fail to capture complex quantum evolution, leading to unstable long-term predictions, especially in nonlinear and highly correlated dynamics. In contrast, MR-PINN and PMR-PINN improve accuracy by extending the forecast horizon, incorporating long-range correlations, and reducing error propagation. Surprisingly, explicitly including simulation parameters such as temperature and reorganization energy in PSR-PINN and PMR-PINN does not consistently enhance accuracy and can even reduce performance, suggesting that these effects are already encoded in the RDM evolution. These findings highlight the limitations of short-sighted recursive forecasting and demonstrate the superior stability and accuracy of far-sighted approaches for long-term predictions. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item18'>[18]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02224" title="Abstract" id="2504.02224"> arXiv:2504.02224 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02224" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02224" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02224">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02224v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02224" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02224" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02224" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02224" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02224">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Fundamental elements in the development of effective crowd control strategies </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Feliciani,+C">Claudio Feliciani</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yanagisawa,+D">Daichi Yanagisawa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nishinari,+K">Katsuhiro Nishinari</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> IFAC World Congress 2023 (Yokohama, Japan) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> In this work, we present typical challenges encountered when developing methods for controlling crowds of people (or animal swarms). We discuss which elements shall be considered and the role they play to achieve a robust control in a variety of conditions. In particular, four different studies are reviewed, each of them investigating in detail important elements encountered in crowd steering and control. More specifically synchronization, compliance, crowd (or swarm) density and human perception are studied showing the role they play in combination. Ultimately, the success of a control strategy is determined by carefully considering the effect each element has on individuals, but also on the interactions between them, leading to the creation of a collective behavior. We will also highlight the importance of psychological and cognitive factors when dealing with human crowds, hinting at the fact that automatic control systems may achieve optimal performance, but may be not necessarily well perceived by people in terms of comfort. The discussion aims at showing recent trends and potentialities of crowd control systems, but should also warn on the risk in choosing a solution prioritizing optimization toward people's safety or comfort. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item19'>[19]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02237" title="Abstract" id="2504.02237"> arXiv:2504.02237 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02237" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02237" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02237">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02237v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02237" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02237" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02237" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02237" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02237">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Super diffusive length dependent thermal conductivity in one-dimensional materials with structural defects: longitudinal to transverse phonon scattering leads to $魏\propto L^{1/3}$ law </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Burin,+A+L">Alexander L. Burin</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 16 pages, 6 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)</span>; Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Structural defects in one-dimensional heat conductors couple longitudinal (stretching) and transverse (bending) vibrations. This coupling results in the scattering of longitudinal phonons to transverse phonons and backwards. We show that the decay rate of longitudinal phonons due to this scattering scales with their frequencies as $\omega^{3/2}$ within the long wavelength limit ($\omega \rightarrow 0$), which is more efficient scattering compared to the traditionally considered Rayleigh scattering within the longitudinal band ($\omega^2$). This scattering results in temperature independent thermal conductivity depending on the size as $\kappa \propto L^{1/3}$ for sufficiently long materials. This predicted length dependence is observed in nanowires, though the temperature dependence is seen there possibly because of deviations from pure one-dimensional behavior. The significant effect of interaction of longitudinal phonons with transverse phonons is consistent with the earlier observations of a substantial suppression of thermal energy transport by kinks, obviously leading to such interaction, though anharmonic interaction can also be significant. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item20'>[20]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02247" title="Abstract" id="2504.02247"> arXiv:2504.02247 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02247" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02247" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02247">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02247" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02247" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02247">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Electromagnetic Waves Determined by the Tangential Electric Field of Incident Plane Wave at a Charged and Lossy Planar Interface </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lin,+Z">Zhili Lin</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 5 pages, 3 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Based on the new decomposition of wave vectors and electric fields with respect to a charged planar interface between two isotropic lossy media, the incident, reflected, and refracted plane waves are found to be only determined by the tangential electric field of the incident plane wave. The complex wave vectors and their corresponding complex angles of the incident, reflected and refracted waves are easily calculated from the tangential wave vector based on the phase matching condition and Snell's law. The relationship between two different schemes of electric field compositions is interpreted and the electric field magnitudes of the incident, reflected and refracted waves were deduced from the tangential electric field magnitude of the incident wave where the tangential boundary condition of electric fields is directly utilized. The time-averaged Poynting vectors and the surface Joule heat density at the interface are also given to demonstrate the validity of our proposed methodology by the energy balance condition together with a specific example. It is also found that the external surface charges with a practical surface charge density have little effect on the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves since the surface conductivity of interface is negligibly small. Our work opens a new and fast route for calculating the reflected and transmitted waves at a charged and lossy planar interface without the need to perform the traditional polarization decomposition of arbitrarily polarized incident plane waves. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item21'>[21]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02257" title="Abstract" id="2504.02257"> arXiv:2504.02257 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02257" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02257" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02257">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02257" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02257" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02257">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> In-situ three-dimensional strain engineering of solid-state quantum emitters in photonic structures towards scalable quantum networks </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen,+Y">Yan Chen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li,+X">Xueshi Li</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+S">Shunfa Liu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yang,+J">Jiawei Yang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wei,+Y">Yuming Wei</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xiong,+K">Kaili Xiong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+Y">Yangpeng Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+J">Jiawei Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen,+P">Pingxing Chen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li,+X">Xiao Li</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+C">Chaofan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yu,+Y">Ying Yu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jiang,+T">Tian Jiang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+J">Jin Liu</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span>; Quantum Physics (quant-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Solid-state quantum emitters are pivotal for modern photonic quantum technology, yet their inherent spectral inhomogeneity imposes a critical challenge in pursuing scalable quantum network. Here, we develop a cryogenic-compatible strain-engineering platform based on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp that is not obviously working properly at cryogenic temperature. In-situ three-dimensional (3D) strain control is achieved for quantum dots (QDs) embedded in photonic nanostructures. The compliant PDMS enables independent tuning of emission energy and elimination of fine structure splitting (FSS) of single QDs, as demonstrated by a 7 meV spectral shift with a near-vanishing FSS in circular Bragg resonators and an unprecedented 15 meV tuning range in the micropillar. The PDMS-based 3D strain-engineering platform, compatible with diverse photonic structures at cryogenic temperature, provides a powerful and versatile tool for exploring fundamental strain-related physics and advancing integrated photonic quantum technology. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item22'>[22]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02262" title="Abstract" id="2504.02262"> arXiv:2504.02262 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02262" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02262" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02262">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02262v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02262" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02262" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02262" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02262" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02262">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Predictive modeling of altitude resolved greenline airglow emission (557.7 nm) in the MLT region </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nailwal,+D">Dayakrishna Nailwal</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Krishna,+M+S">MV Sunil Krishna</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ranjan,+A+K">Alok Kumar Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pallamraju,+D">D Pallamraju</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 22 pages, 14 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Space Physics (physics.space-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Atomic oxygen is a critical and highly reactive chemical species responsible for key physical and chemical processes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item23'>[23]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02267" title="Abstract" id="2504.02267"> arXiv:2504.02267 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02267" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02267" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02267">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02267v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02267" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02267" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02267" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02267" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02267">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Third-Order Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion in Dielectric Nonlinear Resonant Metasurfaces </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bacaoco,+M+Y">Miguel Y. Bacaoco</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koshelev,+K">Kirill Koshelev</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Solntsev,+A+S">Alexander S. Solntsev</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> We propose a general scheme to investigate photon triplet generation (PTG) via third-order spontaneous parametric downconversion (TOSPDC) in $\chi^{(3)}$ nonlinear structures. Our approach leverages the quantum-classical correspondence between TOSPDC and its reverse classical process, three-wave sum-frequency generation (TSFG), to efficiently estimate the PTG rate. We apply this framework to nonlinear metasurfaces supporting quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs) in the optical range. From numerical analysis of non-collinear TSFG with degenerate input waves at qBIC wavelengths, we predict wavelength-tunable three-photon emission with spatio-angular correlations. These findings establish a novel method for modelling TOSPDC and also highlight the potential of nonlinear resonant metasurfaces as compact free-space photon triplet sources with quantum state control. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item24'>[24]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02278" title="Abstract" id="2504.02278"> arXiv:2504.02278 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02278" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02278" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02278">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02278v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02278" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02278" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02278" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02278" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02278">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Digital-twin imaging based on descattering Gaussian splatting </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shimomura,+S">Suguru Shimomura</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yamanouchi,+K">Kazuki Yamanouchi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tanida,+J">Jun Tanida</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Three-dimensional imaging through scattering media is important in medical science and astronomy. We propose a digital-twin imaging method based on Gaussian splatting to observe an object behind a scattering medium. A digital twin model built through data assimilation, emulates the behavior of objects and environmental changes in a virtual space. By constructing a digital twin using point clouds composed of Gaussians and simulating the scattering process through the convolution of a point spread function, three-dimensional objects behind a scattering medium can be reproduced as a digital twin. In this study, a high-contrast digital twin reproducing a three-dimensional object was successfully constructed from degraded images, assuming that data were acquired from wavefronts disturbed by a scattering medium. This technique reproduces objects by integrating data processing with image measurements. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item25'>[25]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02301" title="Abstract" id="2504.02301"> arXiv:2504.02301 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02301" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02301" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02301">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02301v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02301" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02301" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02301" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02301" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02301">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Synchronization in bus systems with partially overlapping routes </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tanida,+S">Sakurako Tanida</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=P%C3%B6schel,+T">Thorsten P枚schel</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 9 pages, 6 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)</span>; Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In an increasingly interconnected world, understanding congestion-related phenomena in transportation and their underlying mechanisms is crucial for improving efficiency. As the transportation system becomes denser, different modes of transportation have more opportunities to interact with each other, giving rise to emergent dynamics that simple models cannot explain. In this study, we investigate the synchronized motion of indirectly coupled transportation modes. We develop a numerical simulation model on a one-dimensional periodic lattice, where each point represents a bus station. In this system, two types of buses operate: multiple local buses with non-overlapping routes, each serving a specific zone, and a single global bus that partially overlaps with the routes of the local buses. We perform numerical simulations to examine how close the arrival times of these buses are to each other -- that is, how synchronized their motions are. When the number of zones is two, three, or five, robust synchronization occurs not only between the global bus and the local buses, but also among the local buses themselves. In contrast, no synchronization is found for other numbers of zones. We developed a mathematical model using self-consistent equations and found that two distinct arrival patterns at the terminals must be considered. A stability analysis reveals which pattern is ultimately realized in the simulations. Our results show that transportation modes can exhibit coherent motion even when sharing only partial or no direct route overlaps. This outcome highlights that emergent behavior depends not only on local interactions but is also strongly shaped by the system's overall structural configuration. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item26'>[26]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02354" title="Abstract" id="2504.02354"> arXiv:2504.02354 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02354" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02354" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02354">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02354v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02354" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02354" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02354" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02354" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02354">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Improving turbulence control through explainable deep learning </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beneitez,+M">Miguel Beneitez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cremades,+A">Andres Cremades</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Guastoni,+L">Luca Guastoni</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vinuesa,+R">Ricardo Vinuesa</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 16 pages, 4 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Turbulent-flow control aims to develop strategies that effectively manipulate fluid systems, such as the reduction of drag in transportation and enhancing energy efficiency, both critical steps towards reducing global CO$_2$ emissions. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) offers novel tools to discover flow-control strategies, which we combine with our knowledge of the physics of turbulence. We integrate explainable deep learning (XDL) to objectively identify the coherent structures containing the most informative regions in the flow, with a DRL model trained to reduce them. The trained model targets the most relevant regions in the flow to sustain turbulence and produces a drag reduction which is higher than that of a model specifically trained to reduce the drag, while using only half its power consumption. Moreover, the XDL model results in a better drag reduction than other models focusing on specific classically identified coherent structures. This demonstrates that combining DRL with XDL can produce causal control strategies that precisely target the most influential features of turbulence. By directly addressing the core mechanisms that sustain turbulence, our approach offers a powerful pathway towards its efficient control, which is a long-standing challenge in physics with profound implications for energy systems, climate modeling and aerodynamics. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item27'>[27]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02368" title="Abstract" id="2504.02368"> arXiv:2504.02368 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02368" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02368" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02368">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02368v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02368" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02368" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02368" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02368" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02368">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Electrical conductivities and low frequency opacities in the warm dense matter regime </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tacu,+M">Mikael Tacu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pain,+J">Jean-Christophe Pain</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pautard,+M">Matthias Pautard</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Blancard,+C">Christophe Blancard</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> submitted to "Contributions to Plasma Physics" </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> In this article, we examine different approaches for calculating low frequency opacities in the warm dense matter regime. The relevance of the average-atom approximation and of different models for calculating opacities, such as the Ziman or Ziman-Evans models is discussed and the results compared to \textit{ab initio} simulations. We begin by recalling the derivation of the Ziman-Evans resistivity from Kubo's linear response theory, using the local approximation to the solutions of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. With the help of this approximation, we explicitly introduce an ionic structure factor into the Ziman formula, without resorting to the Born approximation. Both approaches involve the calculation of scattering phase shifts, which we integrate from Calogero equation with an adaptive step numerical scheme based on a Runge-Kutta-Merson solver. We show that if the atomic number $Z$ is not too large, integrating the phase shifts in this way is more time-efficient than using a classical Numerov-type scheme to solve the radial Schr枚dinger equation. Various approximations are explored for phase shifts to further improve computation time. For the Born approximation, we show that using Born phase shifts directly in the scattering cross-section gives more accurate results than with the integral formula based on the Fourier transform of the electron-ion potential. We also compare an analytical formula based on a Yukawa fit of the electron-ion potential to a numerical integration. The average-atom results are compared with DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations for aluminum in the dilute regime and for copper, aluminum and gold at solid density and different temperatures. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item28'>[28]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02384" title="Abstract" id="2504.02384"> arXiv:2504.02384 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02384" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02384" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02384">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02384" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02384" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02384">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Resistive switching characteristics of Cu/MgO/MoS2/Cu structure </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xiaolong,+H">He Xiaolong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Peng,+C">Chen Peng</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> The paper contains 13 pages and 8 figures </div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> Acta Physica Sinica 2025, 74(2): 028501 </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)</span>; Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) </div> <p class='mathjax'> During the study of resistive switching devices, researchers have found that the influence of the insertion layer cannot be ignored. Many reports have confirmed that the appropriate insertion layer can significantly improve the performance of the resistive switching devices. Therefore, in this work, we use magnetron sputtering to fabricate three devices: Cu/MgO/Cu, Cu/MgO/MoS2/Cu and Cu/MoS2/MgO/Cu. Through the characterization test of each device and the measurement of the I-V curve, it is found that the resistive switching characteristics of the Cu/MgO/Cu device will change greatly after adding an MoS2 insertion layer. The analysis results show that the inserted MoS2 layer does not change the main transmission mechanism (space charge limited conduction) of the device, but affects the regulating function of interfacial potential barrier, the effect also is related to the location of MoS2 inserted into the layer. Among the Cu/MgO/Cu, Cu/MgO/MoS2/Cu and Cu/MoS2/MgO/Cu devices, the Cu/MgO/MoS2/Cu device exhibits a larger switching ratio (about 103) and a lower reset voltage (about 0.21 V), which can be attributed to the regulation of the interface barrier between MgO and MoS2. In addition, when the MoS2 layer is inserted between the bottom electrodes Cu and MgO, the leakage current of the device is significantly reduced. Therefore, Cu/MoS2/MgO/Cu device has the highest commercial value from the point of view of practical applications. Finally, according to the XPS results and XRD results, we establish the conductive filament models for the three devices, and analyze the reasons for the different resistive switching characteristics of the three devices. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item29'>[29]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02405" title="Abstract" id="2504.02405"> arXiv:2504.02405 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02405" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02405" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02405">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02405" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02405" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02405">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Impact of helium ion irradiation on the thermal properties of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hong,+Y">Yi-Yu Hong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+Y">Yu-Ze Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+W">Wei-Jun Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hu,+J">Jia-Hao Hu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xiong,+J">Jia-Min Xiong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chu,+D">Dong-Wei Chu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ou,+X">Xin Ou</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wu,+W">Wen-Tao Wu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+X">Xiao-Fu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yu,+H">Hui-Qin Yu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yuan,+P">Pu-Sheng Yuan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li,+H">Hao Li</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wu,+L">Ling Wu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+Z">Zhen Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=You,+L">Li-Xing You</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 22 pages, 7 figures, 1 table </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)</span>; Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); Quantum Physics (quant-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> SNSPDs are indispensable for applications ranging from quantum information processing to deep-space optical communications, owing to their high detection efficiency, low dark counts, and excellent timing resolution. However, further improving the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) remains crucial for optimizing SNSPD performance. Ion irradiation has recently emerged as a powerful post-fabrication method to enhance SNSPD characteristics. Here, the effects of He-ion irradiation on the thermal properties of NbN SNSPDs. We systematically examine the evolution of thermal boundary conductance as a function of ion fluence (0-1.1E17 ions/cm2), observing a 57% decrease from 127 to 54 W/m^2K^4 with increasing fluence, followed by saturation at approximately 9E16 ions/cm2. At this fluence, the minimum hotspot relaxation time measurements indicate a 41% increase, rising from 17 to 24 ps, while the electron-phonon interaction time extends by 14%, from 11.2 to 12.8 ps at 10 K. TEM reveals defect formation at the NbN/SiO2 interface (6-8 nm) and He-bubble formation within the SiO2 layer (30-260 nm), contributing to the extended thermal relaxation time. These irradiation-induced modifications play a key role in enhancing the IDE of the treated devices. Furthermore, we demonstrate an irradiated NbN SNSPD exhibiting a well-defined saturated IDE plateau at 2000 nm from 2.7 K to 28 mK, enabled by irradiation-induced modifications and an avalanche-assisted detection mechanism with weak wavelength dependence. Our findings provide valuable insights into ion irradiation as a post-processing technique for SNSPDs, offering a pathway to enhancing IDE and tailoring thermal properties. This work also advances the understanding of SNSPD physics and defect engineering in superconducting thin films, expanding the potential applications of irradiation techniques in superconducting optoelectronics. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item30'>[30]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02414" title="Abstract" id="2504.02414"> arXiv:2504.02414 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02414" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02414" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02414">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02414" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02414" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02414">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Effective field theory of Plasmas in Podolsky corrected Photonic field </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Singh,+P">Prabhat Singh</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kumar,+P">Punit Kumar</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 48 pages, 0 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> A theory for abelian plasma permeated by photons has been developed considering QED (quantum electrodynamics) generalized in Podolsky electrodynamics framework for consideration of higher order terms in electromagnetic theory. The theory traces out photonic degrees of freedom in plasma and accounts for plasma dynamics mediated by photons by calculated effective Hamiltonian. New modes of propagation have been predicted along with suppression of fields and collective behaviour. Non-Markovian behaviour is also discovered for plasma states and interactions in finite plasma system. This finds applicability in solid-state plasma, plasma confinement of magnetic and inertial nature, and laser-plasma interaction when theory is reduced to local interactions. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item31'>[31]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02419" title="Abstract" id="2504.02419"> arXiv:2504.02419 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02419" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02419" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02419">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02419v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02419" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02419" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02419" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02419" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02419">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Numerical simulations of the pressure-driven flow of pairs of rigid spheres in elastoviscoplastic fluids </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Esposito,+G">Giancarlo Esposito</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tsamopoulos,+J">John Tsamopoulos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Villone,+M+M">Massimiliano Maria Villone</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=D'Avino,+G">Gaetano D'Avino</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> We investigate through numerical simulations the hydrodynamic interactions between two rigid spherical particles suspended on the axis of a cylindrical tube filled with an elastoviscoplastic fluid subjected to pressure-driven flow. The simulations are performed by the finite element method with the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation. We carry out a parametric analysis to examine the impact of the yield stress and relaxation time of the fluid and of particle confinement on the dynamics of the system. We identify master curves of the particle relative velocity as a function of the inter-particle distance. When the yield stress of the suspending phase is much lower than the viscous stress, those curves highlight short-range attractive interactions and long-range repulsive interactions between particles, with the latter specifically promoting their alignment. As the yield stress increases, the attractive interaction is replaced by stasis at short distance, characterized by a vanishing relative velocity and the formation of an unyielded region that connects the two spheres, where the fluid behaves like a viscoelastic solid. Additionally, the combined effects of plasticity and elasticity enhance the repulsion between the particles, promoting their ordering. Also increasing the confinement of the particles enhances repulsion, thus allowing to achieve ordering within shorter lengths in the flow direction. Reducing shear thinning amplifies peak relative velocities and expands the attractive region due to increased viscoelastic stresses and stress gradients. While a stable equilibrium may appear at larger separations, its impact is limited by low relative velocities. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item32'>[32]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02422" title="Abstract" id="2504.02422"> arXiv:2504.02422 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02422" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02422" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02422">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02422v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02422" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02422" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02422" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02422" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02422">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Applying Space-Group Symmetry to Speed up Hybrid-Functional-Based Calculations with Numerical Atomic Orbitals </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cao,+Y">Yu Cao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+M">Min-Ye Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lin,+P">Peize Lin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen,+M">Mohan Chen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ren,+X">Xinguo Ren</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Building upon the efficient implementation of hybrid density functionals (HDFs) for large-scale periodic systems within the framework of numerical atomic orbital bases using the localized resolution of identity (RI) technique, we have developed an algorithm that exploits the space group symmetry in key operation steps of HDF calculations, leading to further improvements in two ways. First, the reduction of $\mathbf{k}$-points in the Brillouin zone can reduce the number of Kohn-Sham equations to be solved. This necessitates the correct implementation of the rotation relation between the density matrices of equivalent $\mathbf{k}$-points within the representation of atomic orbitals. Second, the reduction of the real-space sector can accelerate the construction of the exact-exchange part of the Hamiltonian in real space. We have implemented this algorithm in the ABACUS software interfaced with LibRI, and tested its performance for several types of crystal systems with different symmetries. The expected speed-up is achieved in both aspects: the time of solving the Kohn-Sham equations decreases in proportion with the reduction of $\mathbf{k}$-points, while the construction of the Hamiltonian in real space is sped up by several times, with the degree of acceleration depending on the size and symmetry of the system. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item33'>[33]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02423" title="Abstract" id="2504.02423"> arXiv:2504.02423 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02423" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02423" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02423">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02423" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02423" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02423">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Quantum effects in piezoelectric semiconductor plasmas : Solitons and transmission feasibility </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yadav,+A">Abhishek Yadav</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kumar,+P">Punit Kumar</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 26 pages , 5 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> A study of the coupling between lattice ion vibrations and electron waves in a piezoelectric semiconductor quantum plasma is presented. The nonlinearities have been analyzed, and solitons have been studied. The theory is built using the quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model, incorporating the effects of Fermi pressure, quantum Bohm potential, and exchange-correlation potentials. The dispersion relation for the coupling is established. A set of nonlinear evolution equations has been derived using the two-time scale theory, and a soliton solution for the coupled nonlinear evolution equations is obtained using the modified quantum Zakharov equations. The solitons are found to have a cusp profile. It is also found that the solitons' field amplitude increases significantly with particle density and coupling strength in piezoelectric semiconductor quantum plasmas. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item34'>[34]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02452" title="Abstract" id="2504.02452"> arXiv:2504.02452 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02452" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02452" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02452">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02452v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02452" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02452" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02452" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02452" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02452">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Thermo-optic bistability in 2D all-dielectric resonators </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shadrina,+G">G.V. Shadrina</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maksimov,+D">D.N. Maksimov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bulgakov,+E">E.N. Bulgakov</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> We consider thermo-optic bistability in resonant excitation of high-quality modes in two-dimensional dielectric resonators. We develop a coupled-mode theory approach which account for the frequency shift due to a temperature dependent dielectric permittivity. The model is applied to rectangular and hexagonal resonators supporting an isolated high-quality resonant mode. The results are verified in comparison with straightforward finite-element simulations. It is shown that the model accurately describes the effect bistabily which occurs under variation of the angle of incidence or the intensity of the incident wave. In particular, it is demonstrated that variation of the incident angle can optimize the coupling between the resonator and the incident waves leading to bistabily with low intensity incident waves $W_0 = 0.35 {\rm \mu W/\mu m}^2$. The bistability threshold is shown to be extremely sensitive to the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity $\epsilon''$. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item35'>[35]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02535" title="Abstract" id="2504.02535"> arXiv:2504.02535 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02535" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02535" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02535">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02535" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02535" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02535">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> High Numerical Aperture Achromatic Meta-Devices through Dispersion Compensation </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+Y">Yuzhong Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yu,+A">Axiang Yu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cheng,+Y">Yayun Cheng</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dong,+Y">Yongkang Dong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Qi,+J">Jiaran Qi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alu,+A">Andrea Alu</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)</span>; Optics (physics.optics) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Dispersion engineering is a long-standing challenge in optical systems, and it is particularly important for metasurfaces, which naturally suffer from strong chromatic aberrations due to their ultralow profile. Stacks of metasurfaces have recently implemented dispersion control to address these challenges. However, these approaches still suffer from bottlenecks in terms of the available material refractive index and required aspect ratios, resulting in limited phase and group delay coverage, constraining their numerical aperture (NA), size and operating bandwidth. To address these challenges, we explore a dispersion compensation strategy combined with full-wave simulation-free inverse design to implement ultra-high NA, broadband dispersion control in metasurfaces, not requiring large refractive index materials and high aspect ratio processing technology. We experimentally demonstrate multiple meta-devices with highly customized dispersion engineering in the microwave regime, including broadband achromatic diffraction-limited meta-devices with NA=0.98 and 60% fractional bandwidth. Our proposed platform explores a paradigm for dispersion control with metasurfaces, which may facilitate advanced and scalable dispersion functionalities. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item36'>[36]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02550" title="Abstract" id="2504.02550"> arXiv:2504.02550 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02550" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02550" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02550">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02550v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02550" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02550" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02550" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02550" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02550">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Enhanced Permeability Estimation in Microporous Rocks Using a Hybrid Macropore-Darcy Approach </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Petrovskyy,+D">Dmytro Petrovskyy</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maes,+J">Julien Maes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Menke,+H+P">Hannah P. Menke</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ali,+M">Muhammad Ali</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mazeli,+A+H">Abdul H. Mazeli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kashim,+M+Z">Muhammad Z. Kashim</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bakar,+Z+A+A">Zainol A. A. Bakar</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Singh,+K">Kamaljit Singh</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> This study presents a novel workflow for constructing hybrid macropore-Darcy models from micro-CT images of microporous rocks. In our approach, macropore networks are extracted using established methods, while the microporosity is characterised through segmented phase classification and incorporated into the model as Darcy cells. Effectively, Darcy cells capture the micro scale connectivity variations that are missing in the macroscopic networks. This dual entity model thus incorporates both the conventional macroscopic pore structure and the critical flow pathways present in the under-resolved microporous regions. The proposed workflow is rigorously validated by comparing the permeability estimates with direct numerical simulation (DNS) results and experimental measurements. Our findings demonstrate that this hybrid approach reliably reproduces fluid flow behaviour in complex porous media while significantly reducing computational demands, offering a promising tool for advanced groundwater modelling and water resource management. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item37'>[37]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02566" title="Abstract" id="2504.02566"> arXiv:2504.02566 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02566" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02566" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02566">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02566v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02566" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02566" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02566" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02566" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02566">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Local Flow Estimation at the top of the Earth's Core using Physics Informed Neural Networks </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shakespeare-Rees,+N">Naomi Shakespeare-Rees</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Livermore,+P+W">Philip W. Livermore</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Davies,+C+J">Christopher J. Davies</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rogers,+H+F">Hannah F. Rogers</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brown,+W+J">William J. Brown</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beggan,+C+D">Ciar谩n D. Beggan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Finlay,+C+C">Christopher C. Finlay</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 37 pages, 15 figures, Preprint submitted to Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> The Earth's main geomagnetic field arises from the constant motion of the fluid outer core. By assuming that the field changes are advection-dominated, the fluid motion at the core surface can be related to the secular variation of the geomagnetic field. The majority of existing core flow models are global, showing features such as an eccentric planetary gyre, with some evidence of rapid regional changes. By construction, the flow defined at any location by such a model depends on all magnetic field variations across the entire core-mantle boundary making it challenging to interpret local structures in the flow as due to specific local changes in magnetic field. Here we present an alternative strategy in which we construct regional flow models that rely only on local secular changes. We use a novel technique based on machine learning termed Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), in which we seek a regional flow model that simultaneously fits both the local magnetic field variation and dynamical conditions assumed satisfied by the flow. Although we present results using the Tangentially Geostrophic flow constraint, we set out a modelling framework for which the physics constraint can be easily changed by altering a single line of code. After validating the PINN-based method on synthetic flows, we apply our method to the CHAOS-8.1 geomagnetic field model, itself based on data from Swarm. Constructing a global mosaic of regional flows, we reproduce the planetary gyre, providing independent evidence that the strong secular changes at high latitude and in equatorial regions are part of the same global feature. Our models also corroborate regional changes in core flows over the last decade. Furthermore, our models endorse the existence of a dynamic high latitude jet, which began accelerating around 2005 but has been weakening since 2017. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item38'>[38]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02567" title="Abstract" id="2504.02567"> arXiv:2504.02567 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02567" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02567" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02567">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02567v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02567" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02567" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02567" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02567" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02567">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> High harmonic generation in monolayer MoS2 controlled by resonant and near-resonant pulses on ultrashort time scales </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Peterka,+P">Pavel Peterka</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Slobodeniuk,+A+O">Artur O. Slobodeniuk</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Novotn%C3%BD,+T">Tom谩拧 Novotn媒</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Suthar,+P">Pawan Suthar</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barto%C5%A1,+M">Miroslav Barto拧</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Troj%C3%A1nek,+F">Franti拧ek Troj谩nek</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mal%C3%BD,+P">Petr Mal媒</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koz%C3%A1k,+M">Martin Koz谩k</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> AAM; licence: CC BY 4.0; Supplementary_material and data can be found in Ancillary files </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> We report on experimental investigation of nonperturbative high harmonic generation (HHG) in monolayer MoS2 in the ultraviolet spectral region driven by mid-infrared light. We study how the HHG is influenced by pre-excitation of the monolayer using resonant and near-resonant pulses in a pump-probe-like scheme. The resonant light creates high density exciton population. Due to ultrafast dephasing caused by electron-electron scattering, the HHG is suppressed in the presence of pre-excited carriers. In the case of near-resonant excitation with photon energy below the exciton transition, the dynamics of the observed suppression of the HHG yield contains a fast component which is a consequence of momentum scattering at carriers, which are excited by two-photon transition when the two pulses temporally overlap in the sample. This interpretation is supported by comparison of the experimental data with theoretical calculations of two-photon absorption spectrum of MoS2 monolayer. This work demonstrates a possibility to control HHG in lowdimensional materials on ultrashort timescales by combining the driving strong-field pulse with a weak near-resonant light. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item39'>[39]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02594" title="Abstract" id="2504.02594"> arXiv:2504.02594 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02594" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02594" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02594">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02594v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02594" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02594" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02594" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02594" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02594">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Hofstadter butterflies in phononic structures: commensurate spectra, wave localization and metal-insulator transitions </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Davies,+B">Bryn Davies</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morini,+L">Lorenzo Morini</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> We present a new simple and easy-to-implement one-dimensional phononic system whose spectrum exactly corresponds to the Hofstadter butterfly when a parameter is modulated. The system consists of masses that are coupled by linear springs and are mounted on flexural beams whose cross section (and, hence, stiffness) is modulated. We show that this system is the simplest version possible to achieve the Hofstadter butterfly exactly; in particular, the local resonances due to the beams are an essential component for this. We examine the various approaches to producing spectral butterflies, including Bloch spectra for rational parameter choices, resonances of finite-sized systems and transmission coefficients of sections of finite length. For finite-size systems, we study the localisation of the modes by calculating the inverse participation ratio, and detect a phase transition characterised by a critical value of the stiffness modulation amplitude, where the state of the system changes from mainly extended to localised, corresponding to a metal-insulator phase transition. The obtained results offer a practical strategy to realize experimentally a system with similar dynamical properties. The transmission coefficient for sections of finite length is benchmarked through the comparison with Bloch spectra of the same finite-sized systems. The numerical results for the transmission spectra confirms the evidence of a phase transition in the dynamical state of the system. Our approach opens significant new perspectives in order to design mechanical systems able to support phase transitions in their vibrational properties. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item40'>[40]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02599" title="Abstract" id="2504.02599"> arXiv:2504.02599 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02599" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02599" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02599">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02599v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02599" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02599" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02599" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02599" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02599">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Technical Overview of Recent Developments in Small Modular Reactors in the United States </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sun,+Y">Yifan Sun</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kurosaki,+K">Ken Kurosaki</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 42 pages, 15 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)</span>; Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a class of advanced nuclear fission reactors characterized by their compact core size (typically <300 MWe) and passive safety systems. Their modular design enables on-site assembly, making them suitable for deployment in locations inaccessible to conventional large-scale reactors. With rising global energy demand, particularly driven by the growth of AI, SMRs have recently gained attention as a potential solution for powering data centers. This technical review aims to provide the public and relevant stakeholders with a foundational understanding of SMR technology. It begins with an overview of SMR concepts, historical context, and their current role in the U.S. energy mix. Detailed technical summaries of nine selected SMR designs are then presented, covering core design, fuel systems, reactivity control, and safety features. The report also outlines key regulatory frameworks, including 10 CFR Part 50, Part 52, and the technology-inclusive, risk-informed, and performance-based framework currently under development. Finally, major U.S. programs and legislative efforts supporting SMR deployment over the past decade are summarized. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item41'>[41]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02603" title="Abstract" id="2504.02603"> arXiv:2504.02603 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02603" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02603" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02603">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02603" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02603" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02603">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Plasmonic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains with strong coupling amplitudes </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schurr,+B">Benedikt Schurr</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hensen,+M">Matthias Hensen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brenneis,+L">Luisa Brenneis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kessler,+P">Philipp Kessler</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Qin,+J">Jin Qin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lisinetskii,+V">Victor Lisinetskii</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thomale,+R">Ronny Thomale</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brixner,+T">Tobias Brixner</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hecht,+B">Bert Hecht</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Main manuscript: 26 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary material: 17 pages, 9 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span>; Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Plasmonic many-particle systems with precisely tuned resonances and coupling strengths can exhibit emergent collective properties governed by universal principles. In one-dimensional chains with alternating couplings, known as Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) systems, this includes the formation of topologically protected mid-gap modes whose intensities localize at the chain's ends. This subwavelength localization at optical frequencies is crucial for achieving strong coupling of mid-gap modes to two-level systems under ambient conditions, extending topological protection to hybrid light-matter states. Here, we have fabricated SSH chains from plasmonic nanoslit resonators with strong inter-resonator coupling. The alternating distance between the nanoslit resonators is controlled with sub-nanometer precision, enabling accurate prediction and experimental observation of topologically protected mid-gap modes via photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). Our results open the path towards experimental realizations of two-dimensional photonic metasurfaces exhibiting higher-order topological modes that can be strongly coupled to single emitters and quantum materials at ambient conditions. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item42'>[42]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02610" title="Abstract" id="2504.02610"> arXiv:2504.02610 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02610" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02610" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02610">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02610" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02610" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02610">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Do evidence-based active-engagement courses reduce the gender gap in introductory physics? </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karim,+N+I">N. I. Karim</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maries,+A">A. Maries</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Singh,+C">C. Singh</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 25 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.01355" data-arxiv-id="2007.01355" class="link-https">arXiv:2007.01355</a> </div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> Euro. J. Phys. 39, 025701 (2018) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Prior research suggests that using evidence-based pedagogies can not only improve learning for all students, it can also reduce the gender gap. We describe the impact of physics education research based pedagogical techniques in flipped and active-engagement non-flipped courses on the gender gap observed with validated conceptual surveys. We compare male and female students' performance in courses which make significant use of evidence-based active engagement (EBAE) strategies with courses that primarily use lecture-based (LB) instruction. The analysis presented here includes data from two-semester sequences of introductory algebra-based and calculus-based introductory physics courses. The surveys used to assess student learning in the first and second semester courses were the Force Concept Inventory and the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism, respectively. The performance of male and female students in EBAE courses at a particular level is compared with LB courses in two situations: (I) the same instructor taught two courses, one of which was an EBAE course and the other an LB course, while the homework, recitations and final exams were kept the same, (II) student performance in all of the EBAE courses taught by different instructors was averaged and compared with LB courses of the same type also averaged over different instructors. In all cases, we find that students in courses which make significant use of EBAE strategies, on average, outperformed students in courses of the same type using primarily LB instruction even though there was no statistically significant difference on the pretest before instruction. However, the gender gap persisted even in courses using EBAE methods. We also discuss correlations between the performance of male and female students on the validated conceptual surveys and the final exam, which had a heavy weight on quantitative problem solving. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item43'>[43]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02642" title="Abstract" id="2504.02642"> arXiv:2504.02642 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02642" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02642" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02642">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02642v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02642" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02642" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02642" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02642" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02642">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> The role of spectator modes in the quantum-logic spectroscopy of single trapped molecular ions </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Roguski,+M">Mikolaj Roguski</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shlykov,+A">Aleksandr Shlykov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Meir,+Z">Ziv Meir</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Willitsch,+S">Stefan Willitsch</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 21 pages, 7 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)</span>; Quantum Physics (quant-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Quantum-logic spectroscopy has become an increasingly important tool for the state detection and readout of trapped atomic and molecular ions which do not possess easily accessible closed-optical-cycling transitions. In this approach, the internal state of the target ion is mapped onto a co-trapped auxiliary ion. This mapping is typically mediated by normal modes of motion of the two-ion Coulomb crystal in the trap. The present study investigates the role of spectator modes not directly involved in a measurement protocol relying on a state-dependent optical-dipole force. We identify a Debye-Waller-type effect that modifies the response of the two-ion string to the force and show that cooling all normal modes of the string allows for the detection of the rovibrational ground state of a N$_2^+$ molecular ion with a fidelity exceeding 99.99% improving on previous experiments by more than an order of magnitude. This marked improvement in sensitivity paves the way for simultaneously identifying multiple rovibrational states at a fixed set of experimental parameters. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item44'>[44]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02680" title="Abstract" id="2504.02680"> arXiv:2504.02680 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02680" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02680" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02680">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02680v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02680" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02680" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02680" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02680" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02680">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> The role of hydrodynamics in the synchronisation of {\it Chlamydomonas} flagella </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zorrilla,+L">Luc Zorrilla</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Allard,+A">Antoine Allard</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Desai,+K">Krish Desai</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Polin,+M">Marco Polin</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 9 pages including supplementary material, 7 figures including supplementary material </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)</span>; Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB) </div> <p class='mathjax'> While hydrodynamic coupling has long been considered essential for synchronisation of eukaryotic flagella, recent experiments on the unicellular biflagellate model organism {\it Chlamydomonas} demonstrate that -- at the single cell level -- intracellular mechanical coupling is necessary for coordination. It is therefore unclear what role, if any, hydrodynamic forces actually play in the synchronisation of multiple flagella within individual cells, arguably the building block of large scale coordination. Here we address this question experimentally by transiently blocking hydrodynamic coupling between the two flagella of single {\it Chlamydomonas}. Our results reveal that in wild type cells intracellularly-mediated forces are necessary and sufficient for flagellar synchronisation, with hydrodynamic coupling causing minimal changes in flagellar dynamics. However, fluid-mediated ciliary coupling is responsible for the extended periods of anti-phase synchronisation observed in a mutant with weaker intracellular coupling. At the single-cell level, therefore, flagellar coordination depends on a subtle balance between intracellular and extracellular forces. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item45'>[45]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02689" title="Abstract" id="2504.02689"> arXiv:2504.02689 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02689" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02689" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02689">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02689" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02689" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02689">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Plasmon-interband hybridization and anomalous production of hot electrons in aluminum nanoantennas </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Martin,+J">J茅r么me Martin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Avalos-Ovando,+O">Oscar Avalos-Ovando</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Simon,+T">Thomas Simon</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Arditi,+G">Gabriel Arditi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lamaze,+F">Florian Lamaze</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Proust,+J">Julien Proust</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tizei,+L+H">Luiz H.G. Tizei</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+Z">Zhiming Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kociak,+M">Mathieu Kociak</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Govorov,+A+O">Alexander O. Govorov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=St%C3%A9phan,+O">Odile St茅phan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=G%C3%A9rard,+D">Davy G茅rard</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 8 figures, 1 Supplementary Information </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span>; Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Strong coupling typically occurs between two separate objects or between an object and its environment (such as an atom and a cavity). However, it can also occur between two different excitations within the same object, a situation that has been much less studied. In this study, we observe strong coupling between localized surface plasmon resonances and the interband transition in aluminum nanorods, as evidenced by optical spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, and corroborated with numerical simulations. Strong coupling is observed between the interband transition and multiple orders of the surface plasmon mode, including dark ones. We also obtain experimental maps of the hybrid modes at the nanoscale. In each case, the associated Rabi energy, which corresponds to the energy splitting between the two polaritonic branches, is obtained. Finally, a dedicated numerical model was employed to calculate the hot electron generation rate in the nanorods. The calculations demonstrate that efficient generation of hot electrons can be achieved in the near-infrared region, when the interband transition is strongly coupled with a plasmon resonance. This high generation rate stems from the hybrid nature of the mode, as its plasmonic component provides a high absorption cross-section, while the IT part ensures efficient conversion to hot electrons. Consequently, aluminum nanorods represent an efficient source of hot electrons in the visible and near-infrared regions, with potential applications in local photochemistry, photodetection, and solar energy harvesting. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item46'>[46]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02690" title="Abstract" id="2504.02690"> arXiv:2504.02690 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02690" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02690" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02690">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02690" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02690" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02690">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence system for Space and Phase-resolved Ion Velocity Distribution Function Measurements </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Son,+S+H">Sung Hyun Son</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Romadanov,+I">Ivan Romadanov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chopra,+N+S">Nirbhav Singh Chopra</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Raitses,+Y">Yevgeny Raitses</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> In this work, we present a planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) system for two-dimensional (2D) spatial and phase-resolved ion velocity distribution function (IVDF) measurements. A continuous-wave tunable diode laser produces a laser sheet that irradiates the plasma, and the resulting fluorescence is captured by an intensified CCD (ICCD) camera. Fluorescence images recorded at varying laser wavelengths are converted into 2D IVDFs using the Doppler shift principle. Comparing six image filters, the singular-value decomposition (SVD)-based noise filtering is identified as the most effective for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio while preserving the IVDF structure. The developed ICCD-based PLIF system is tested in an electron-beam generated $E \times B$ plasma with a moderate bulk plasma density of $\sim10^{10}$ $cm^{-3}$. The PLIF measurements are validated against a conventional single-point LIF method using photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based detection at various positions. The phase-resolving capability of the system is tested by oscillating the plasma between two nominal operating modes with different density profiles and triggering the ICCD camera with the externally driven plasma oscillation. The resulting oscillations in fluorescence intensity show good agreement with plasma density variations measured by electrostatic probes, demonstrating the systems ability to resolve phase-dependent dynamics. The measured IVDFs reveal several signatures of ion dynamics in this plasma source, including radially outflowing ions and anomalous ion heating in the plasma periphery, as anticipated by theoretical studies. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item47'>[47]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02703" title="Abstract" id="2504.02703"> arXiv:2504.02703 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02703" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02703" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02703">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02703" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02703" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02703">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Uncovering shifts in the history of Physics education: a systematic, NLP-based, thematic analysis of articles from The Physics Teacher and Physics Education journals (1966-2019) </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caramaschi,+M">Martina Caramaschi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Odden,+T+O+B">Tor Ole B. Odden</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> This study explores the thematic evolution of articles in The Physics Teacher and Physics Education journals, over a critical period in modern history, from the Cold War era to the pre-pandemic world (1966 - 2019). Using an NLP-based inductive topic modeling approach, we identify recurring themes that have shaped the physics education literature, including content-based topics, teaching methodologies, laboratory practices, curriculum development, and the influence of Physics Education Research (PER). Our findings reveal both overarching trends and distinct thematic preferences between the journals. Physics Education has historically emphasized curriculum structures, social aspects of education, and interdisciplinary connections, whereas The Physics Teacher has focused more on pedagogical strategies, demonstrations, and practical teaching tools. Over the past three decades, both journals have increasingly incorporated discussions on technology, computation, and PER-driven instructional practices. By tracing these developments over five decades, this study provides a broader perspective on how physics education has responded to changing educational priorities, technological advancements, and research developments. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item48'>[48]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02711" title="Abstract" id="2504.02711"> arXiv:2504.02711 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02711" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02711" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02711">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02711v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02711" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02711" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02711" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02711" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02711">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Anisotropy analysis of bamboo and tooth using 4-angle polarization micro-spectroscopy </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ryu,+M">Meguya Ryu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Huang,+H">Hsin-Hui Huang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vongsvivut,+J">Jitraporn Vongsvivut</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ng,+S+H">Soon Hock Ng</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dumbryte,+I">Irma Dumbryte</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Narbutis,+D">Donatas Narbutis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Malinauskas,+M">Mangirdas Malinauskas</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Juodkazis,+S">Saulius Juodkazis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morikawa,+J">Junko Morikawa</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 12 pages, 7 figures (+1 figure in supplement) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)</span>; Medical Physics (physics.med-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> To investigate the anisotropic properties of biomaterials, two distinct classes are considered: polymer-based (e.g., cellulose in plants) and crystalline-based (e.g., enamel in teeth), each demonstrating distinct structural and functional characteristics. Four-angle polarization (4-pol.) spectral mapping of sub-1 {\mu}m bamboo slices was carried out in the mid-IR spectral range (2.5-20 {\mu}m) to reveal the 3D organization of the chemical bonding of cellulose using the key characteristic absorption bands associated with C-O-C and C-N vibrational modes. The longitudinal and transverse microtome slices revealed a switch between the presence and absence of dichroism in parenchyma cell walls and vascular bundles. The cell wall showed continuous alignment of the C-O-C stretching vibrational mode (8.6 {\mu}m/1163 cm-1) down to the pixel resolution of ~ 4 {\mu}m (the step size in imaging) in the transverse slice; the cell wall thickness is ~ 1 {\mu}m. Thin microtomed slices of a tooth were measured in transmission and reflection modes. The single-point reflection measurements, performed using two perpendicular orientations, revealed orientational anisotropy in the enamel, which was absent in the dentin region. High sub-diffraction limited lateral resolution was numerically validated using a simplified-model of a Gaussian beam reading out material pixels with a defined orientation of absorption. It is shown that the orientation of small ~ {\lambda}/10 ~ 1 {\mu}m objects can be revealed using a focal spot of ~ {\lambda}/NA ~ 20 {\mu}m, defining the diffraction limit for the objective lens with a numerical aperture NA ~ 0.5. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item49'>[49]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02750" title="Abstract" id="2504.02750"> arXiv:2504.02750 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02750" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02750" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02750">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02750" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02750" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02750">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Investigation of the influence of electrostatic excitation on instabilities and electron transport in ExB plasma configurations </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reza,+M">Maryam Reza</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Faraji,+F">Farbod Faraji</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Knoll,+A">Aaron Knoll</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rose,+B">Benedict Rose</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 20 pages, 15 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Partially magnetized plasmas in ExB configurations - where the electric and magnetic fields are mutually perpendicular - exhibit a cross-field transport behavior, which is widely believed to be dominantly governed by complex instability-driven mechanisms. This phenomenon plays a crucial role in a variety of plasma technologies, including Hall thrusters, where azimuthal instabilities significantly influence electron confinement and, hence, device performance. While the impact of prominent plasma instabilities, such as the electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI) and the modified two-stream instability (MTSI) on cross-field transport of electron species is well recognized and widely studied, strategies for actively manipulating these dynamics remain underexplored. In this study, we investigate the effect of targeted wave excitation on instability evolution and electron transport using one- and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of representative plasma discharge configurations. A time-varying electric field is applied axially to modulate the spectral energy distribution of the instabilities across a range of forcing frequencies and amplitudes. Our results reveal that the so-called "unsteady forcing" can both suppress and amplify instability modes depending on excitation parameters. In particular, across both 1D and 2D simulation configurations, forcing near 40 MHz effectively reduces ECDI amplitude and decreases axial electron transport by about 30%, while high-frequency excitation near the electron cyclotron frequency induces spectral broadening, inverse energy cascades, and enhanced transport. These findings point to the role of nonlinear frequency locking and energy pathway disruption as mechanisms for modifying instability-driven transport. Our results offer insights into potential pathways to enhance plasma confinement and control in next-generation ExB devices. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item50'>[50]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02756" title="Abstract" id="2504.02756"> arXiv:2504.02756 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02756" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02756" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02756">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02756v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02756" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02756" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02756" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02756" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02756">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Stability of acoustic streaming jets </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vincent,+B">Bjarne Vincent</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kumar,+A">Abhishek Kumar</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Henry,+D">Daniel Henry</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Miralles,+S">Sophie Miralles</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Botton,+V">Val茅ry Botton</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Poth%C3%A9rat,+A">Alban Poth茅rat</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 34 pages, 21 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> We study the stability of a steady Eckart streaming jet that is acoustically forced at one end of a closed cylindrical cavity and impinges the wall at the other end, where a recirculation forms. This configuration generically represents industrial processes where acoustic forcing offers a contactless means of stirring or controlling confined flows. Successfully doing so, however, requires sufficient insight into the topology of the acoustically forced flow. This raises the question of whether the base acoustic streaming jet is stable and, when not, of which alternative states emerge. Using Linear Stability Analysis (LSA) and three-dimensional nonlinear simulations, we identify the instability mechanisms and determine the nature of the bifurcations that ensue. We show that the ratio $C_R$ between the cavity and the maximum beam radii determines the dominant unstable mode. For $4 \leq C_R \leq 6$, a non-oscillatory perturbation rooted in the jet impingement triggers a supercritical bifurcation. For $C_R = 3$, the flow destabilises through a subcritical non-oscillatory bifurcation. Further reducing $C_R$ increases the shear within the flow, and gradually relocates the instability in the shear layer between impingement-induced vortices: for $C_R = 2$, an unstable travelling wave grows out of a subcritical bifurcation, which becomes supercritical for $C_R=1$. For each geometry, the nonlinear 3D simulations validate the LSA, identify the saturated nonlinear state and its stability. This study offers fundamental insight into the stability of acoustically-driven flows in general, but also opens possible pathways to either induce turbulence acoustically, or to avoid it in realistic configurations. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item51'>[51]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02773" title="Abstract" id="2504.02773"> arXiv:2504.02773 </a> [<a href="/pdf/2504.02773" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02773" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02773">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02773v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02773" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02773" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02773" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02773" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02773">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> On Dual Mechanisms Limiting Density in the Negative Triangularity Tokamak </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hong,+R">R. Hong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Diamond,+P">P.H. Diamond</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sauter,+O">O. Sauter</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen,+J">J. Chen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Khabanov,+F">F. Khabanov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li,+Z">Z. Li</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+D">D. Liu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marinoni,+A">A. Marinoni</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=McKee,+G">G.R. McKee</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rhodes,+T">T.L. Rhodes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Scotti,+F">F. Scotti</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thome,+K">K.E. Thome</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tynan,+G">G.R. Tynan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Van+Zeeland,+M">M.A. Van Zeeland</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yan,+Z">Z. Yan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zeng,+L">L. Zeng</a>, the <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=DIII-D+NT+Team">DIII-D NT Team</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Achieving high plasma density is essential for maximizing thermonuclear power and thus crucial for realizing economically viable fusion energy; however, this is often constrained by a fundamental density limit. This study investigates the L-mode density limit in negative triangularity (NT) plasmas on the DIII-D tokamak, and the results provide novel insights into this long-standing challenge. We report sustained operations at densities up to 1.8 times the conventional Greenwald limit with 13 MW of auxiliary heating power. Importantly, systematic power scans reveal distinct power scaling relationships for core ($n_{e} \propto P_{\text{SOL}}^{0.27\pm 0.03}$) and edge ($n_{e} \propto P_{\text{SOL}}^{0.42\pm 0.04}$) densities, which suggest different limiting mechanisms at play and point to a more nuanced picture than the traditional paradigm of a single, universal density limit. In this vein, detailed measurements were performed, revealing a complex interplay of macroscopic profiles, radiation patterns, and turbulent transport. Specifically, edge turbulent transport increased as density rose, leading to enhanced divertor radiation and subsequent MARFE onset. The edge density saturated abruptly following MARFE formation. In contrast, the core density continues to increase, ultimately limited by enhanced turbulence that exhibits characteristics of avalanche-like transport. Consistent with enhanced turbulence, toroidal rotation and the $E_r \times B$ flow shear also collapsed approaching the density limit. Taken together, these observations suggest that MARFE dynamics primarily govern the edge density limit, while turbulence-driven transport dominates the core density limit. These results also indicate the feasibility of operations significantly beyond the Greenwald density in high-power NT plasmas. <br>This can potentially be attained through advanced control of core turbulence and MARFEs. </p> </div> </dd> </dl> <dl id='articles'> <h3>Cross submissions (showing 27 of 27 entries)</h3> <dt> <a name='item52'>[52]</a> <a href ="/abs/2502.03066" title="Abstract" id="2502.03066"> arXiv:2502.03066 </a> (cross-list from hep-lat) [<a href="/pdf/2502.03066" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2502.03066" aria-labelledby="pdf-2502.03066">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2502.03066v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2502.03066" aria-labelledby="html-2502.03066" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2502.03066" title="Other formats" id="oth-2502.03066" aria-labelledby="oth-2502.03066">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> A confederacy of anomalies </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-lat?searchtype=author&query=Smit,+J">Jan Smit</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> v1: Extended write-up of a talk at the 41st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory $Lattice\; 2024$, 28 July - 3 August 2024, Liverpool, UK; 19 pages including 6 for references. v2: added note including two references </div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> The European Physical Journal H 50, 5 (2025) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)</span>; History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> A personal recollection of early years in lattice gauge theory with a bias towards chiral symmetry and lattice fermions. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item53'>[53]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.23755" title="Abstract" id="2503.23755"> arXiv:2503.23755 </a> (cross-list from quant-ph) [<a href="/pdf/2503.23755" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.23755" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.23755">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.23755v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.23755" aria-labelledby="html-2503.23755" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.23755" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.23755" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.23755">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Large-scale quantum-dot-lithium-niobate hybrid integrated photonic circuits enabling on-chip quantum networking </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+X">Xudong Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+X">Xiuqi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chen,+B">Bowen Chen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Zhu,+Y">Yifan Zhu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Qin,+Y">Yuanhao Qin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Dong,+L">Lvbin Dong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Cai,+J">Jiachen Cai</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Sui,+D">Dongchen Sui</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Wu,+J">Jinbo Wu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+Q">Quan Zhang</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Quantum Physics (quant-ph)</span>; Optics (physics.optics) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Hybrid integrated quantum photonics combines solid-state artificial atoms with reconfigurable photonic circuits, enabling scalable chip-based quantum networks. Self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are ideal for this goal due to their ability to generate highly indistinguishable single photons with exceptional brightness. Integrating QDs into low-loss photonic circuits can facilitate complex quantum networks by enabling entanglement transfer via two-photon interference. However, challenges such as limited scalability, spectral inhomogeneity, and quantum interference between independent sources remain. We present a hybrid photonic architecture that integrates QD-containing waveguides with low-loss lithium niobate (LN) circuits, incorporating 20 deterministic single-photon sources (SPSs). Using the piezoelectric properties of thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN), we achieve on-chip local spectral tuning of QD emissions by up to 7.7 meV,three orders of magnitude greater than the transform-limited linewidth. This approach enables on-chip quantum interference with a visibility of 0.73 between two spatially separated QD SPSs connected by 0.48 mm long waveguides, establishing a functional quantum <a href="http://network.The" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a> large-scale integration of spectrally tunable QD-based SPSs into low-loss LN circuits, combined with fast electro-optical switching, paves the way for compact, lightweight, and scalable photonic quantum networks. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item54'>[54]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.01974" title="Abstract" id="2504.01974"> arXiv:2504.01974 </a> (cross-list from q-fin.ST) [<a href="/pdf/2504.01974" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.01974" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.01974">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.01974v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.01974" aria-labelledby="html-2504.01974" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.01974" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.01974" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.01974">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Cryptocurrency Time Series on the Binary Complexity-Entropy Plane: Ranking Efficiency from the Perspective of Complex Systems </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-fin?searchtype=author&query=Pinto,+E+P">Erveton P. Pinto</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-fin?searchtype=author&query=Pires,+M+A">Marcelo A. Pires</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-fin?searchtype=author&query=da+Silva,+R+N">Rone N. da Silva</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-fin?searchtype=author&query=Queir%C3%B3s,+S+M+D">S铆lvio M. Duarte Queir贸s</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 12 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables and 3 appendices </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)</span>; Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an); Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We report the first application of a tailored Complexity-Entropy Plane designed for binary sequences and structures. We do so by considering the daily up/down price fluctuations of the largest cryptocurrencies in terms of capitalization (stable-coins excluded) that are worth $circa \,\, 90 \%$ of the total crypto market capitalization. With that, we focus on the basic elements of price motion that compare with the random walk backbone features associated with mathematical properties of the Efficient Market Hypothesis. From the location of each crypto on the Binary Complexity-Plane (BiCEP) we define an inefficiency score, $\mathcal I$, and rank them accordingly. The results based on the BiCEP analysis, which we substantiate with statistical testing, indicate that only Shiba Inu (SHIB) is significantly inefficient, whereas the largest stake of crypto trading is reckoned to operate in close-to-efficient conditions. Generically, our $\mathcal I$-based ranking hints the design and consensus architecture of a crypto is at least as relevant to efficiency as the features that are usually taken into account in the appraisal of the efficiency of financial instruments, namely canonical fiat money. Lastly, this set of results supports the validity of the binary complexity analysis. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item55'>[55]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02037" title="Abstract" id="2504.02037"> arXiv:2504.02037 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.mes-hall) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02037" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02037" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02037">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02037v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02037" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02037" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02037" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02037" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02037">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Negative and positive anisotropic thermal expansion in 2D fullerene networks </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Shaikh,+A">Armaan Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Peng,+B">Bo Peng</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 6 pages, 4 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)</span>; Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci); Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus); Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph); Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We find a design principle for tailoring thermal expansion properties in molecular networks. Using 2D fullerene networks as a representative system, we realize positive thermal expansion along intermolecular double bonds and negative thermal expansion along intermolecular single bonds by varying the structural frameworks of molecules. The microscopic mechanism originates from a combination of the framework's geometric flexibility and its transverse vibrational characteristics. Based on this insight, we find molecular networks beyond C$_{60}$ with tunable thermal expansion. These findings shed light on the fundamental mechanisms governing thermal expansion in molecular networks towards rational materials design. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item56'>[56]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02183" title="Abstract" id="2504.02183"> arXiv:2504.02183 </a> (cross-list from quant-ph) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02183" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02183" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02183">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02183v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02183" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02183" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02183" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02183" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02183">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Numerical Framework for Multimode Jaynes- and Tavis-Cummings Models Incorporating the Modified Langevin Noise Formalism: Non-Markovian Analysis of Atom-Field Interactions in Dissipative Electromagnetic Environments </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Choi,+H">Hyunwoo Choi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chew,+W+C">Weng Cho Chew</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Na,+D">Dong-Yeop Na</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Quantum Physics (quant-ph)</span>; Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We present a novel numerical framework that integrates the modified Langevin noise formalism into the multimode Jaynes- and Tavis-Cummings models, enabling a first-principles, non-Markovian analysis of atom-field interactions in dissipative electromagnetic (EM) environments that account for both radiative losses and absorptive dissipation in lossy dielectric media (or satisfying general inhomogeneous causal media exhibiting both dispersion and absorption effects). In the modified Langevin noise formalism, the boundary- and medium-assisted (BA and MA) fields, which constitute a continuum set of EM modes in dissipative EM environments, are numerically obtained using the finite-element method (FEM). Specifically, BA field modes are extracted by solving plane-wave scattering problems, while MA field modes are determined through point-source radiation problems. These numerically obtained BA and MA field modes are then incorporated into the multimode Jaynes- and Tavis-Cummings models such that the coupling strength between atoms and BA-MA field modes can be calculated for the study of atom-field interactions in dissipative EM environments. The proposed methodology captures non-Markovian atomic dynamics that cannot be described by traditional quantum master equations under the Markovian approximation. To validate the accuracy of the proposed numerical framework, we present four numerical examples: (i) a two-level system (TLS) in a perfect electric conductor (PEC) half-space; (ii) dissipative cavity electrodynamics with two limiting cases approaching spontaneous emission in free space and ideal Rabi oscillations; (iii) super-radiance in TLS arrays; and (iv) entanglement sudden death of two TLSs inside dissipative cavities. The proposed methodology can serve as a ground-truth numerical simulator for studying atom-field interactions in general dissipative EM environments. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item57'>[57]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02202" title="Abstract" id="2504.02202"> arXiv:2504.02202 </a> (cross-list from quant-ph) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02202" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02202" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02202">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02202" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02202" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02202">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Photon-number-resolving single-photon detector with a system detection efficiency of 98% and photon-number resolution of 32 </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ding,+C">Chaomeng Ding</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+X">Xingyu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Xiong,+J">Jiamin Xiong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Xiao,+Y">You Xiao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+T">Tianzhu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Huang,+J">Jia Huang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Xu,+H">Hongxin Xu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+X">Xiaoyu Liu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=You,+L">Lixing You</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+Z">Zhen Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Li,+H">Hao Li</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Quantum Physics (quant-ph)</span>; Optics (physics.optics) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Efficiently distinguishing photon numbers is a crucial yet challenging technology for various quantum information and quantum metrology applications. While superconducting transition edge sensors offer good photon-number-resolving (PNR) capabilities, they are hampered by low detection speed, timing jitter, and complex cooling and readout requirements. In this work, we present a significant advancement toward achieving high-fidelity PNR single-photon detectors. The unique twin-layer configuration of superconducting nanowire atop a dielectric mirror ensures the near-unity detection efficiency. The segmented design enables spatial multiplexing, establishing a mapping relationship between pulse amplitude and registered photons. The fabricated detector exhibits impressive performance metrics, including a single-photon system detection efficiency (SDE) of ~ 98% at a dark count rate of 20 cps and photon-number resolution capability up to 32. Further characterization through detector tomography reveals high fidelities for two-, three-, and four-photon events, approximately 87%,73%, and 40% respectively. Moreover, the detector operates at a high count rate of 41 MHz at 3dB-SDE, with a low timing jitter of as low as 40 ps. With its near-unity efficiency, high photon-number resolution, low dark count rate and fast detection speed, we expect significant interest in these detectors, promising substantial benefits for weak light detection and optical quantum information applications. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item58'>[58]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02210" title="Abstract" id="2504.02210"> arXiv:2504.02210 </a> (cross-list from astro-ph.EP) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02210" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02210" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02210">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02210v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02210" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02210" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02210" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02210" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02210">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Mid-Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy of N2O Solid Simulating the haze of trans-Neptunian objects </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Takama,+D">Daiki Takama</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Koga,+R">Ryoichi Koga</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Negishi,+S">Shohei Negishi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Zhao,+B">Biao Zhao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Li,+Y">Yuan Li</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hirahara,+Y">Yasuhiro Hirahara</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ito,+F">Fumiyuki Ito</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 30 pages, 14 figures, Graduate University for Advanced Studies/Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Graduate School of Data Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)</span>; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> \ Nitrous oxide (N$_2$O) ice is likely to exist in trans-Neptunian objects such as Pluto and Triton, potentially formed through ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun or cosmic ray irradiation of N$_2$ and CO ices. However, the mid-infrared spectral characteristics of N$_2$O ice in higher temperature regions (90-110 K), changes in mid-infrared spectra during UV irradiation, and the chemical network of nitrogen oxide (N$_x$O$_y$) ices remain insufficiently understood. This study aims to elucidate these aspects through in-situ mid-infrared spectral measurements of cryogenic particles using two-dimensional imaging Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. <br>Spectroscopic imaging confirmed strong absorption at 7.75 $\mu$m (N$_2$O $\nu_1$ vibrational mode), with weaker vibrational modes observed at 8.60 $\mu$m (N$_2$O 2$\nu_2$), 7.27 $\mu$m (N$_2$O torsion), and 5.29 $\mu$m (N$_2$O $\nu_1$+$\nu_2$). Annealing experiments simulating high-temperature conditions demonstrated that all vibrational modes irreversibly intensified with increasing temperature, indicating progressive crystallization. New spectral features appeared at approximately 12 $\mu$m and 14 $\mu$m at the condensed sample. <br>N$_2$O ice was exposed to ultraviolet radiation (190-340 nm) using a D$_2$ lamp for 8.5 hours to investigate spectral changes during UV irradiation. After 60-90 minutes of irradiation, all N$_2$O vibrational modes disappeared, while absorption intensities of various nitrogen oxides, including NO, NO$_2$, N$_2$O$_3$, and O$_3$ increased. Beyond 180 minutes, vibrational modes of multiple nitrogen oxide ices exhibited intensity variations across different wavelengths, corresponding to other species such as cis-(NO)$_2$, N$_2$O$_4$, and N$_2$O$_5$. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item59'>[59]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02331" title="Abstract" id="2504.02331"> arXiv:2504.02331 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.mes-hall) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02331" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02331" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02331">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02331" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02331" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02331">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> In situ and real-time ultrafast spectroscopy of photoinduced reactions in perovskite nanomaterials </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Han,+G+R">Gi Rim Han</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=An,+M+N">Mai Ngoc An</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Jang,+H">Hyunmin Jang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Han,+N+S">Noh Soo Han</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Kim,+J">JunWoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Jeong,+K+S">Kwang Seob Jeong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Yoon,+T+H">Tai Hyun Yoon</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Cho,+M">Minhaeng Cho</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)</span>; Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci); Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Employing two synchronized mode-locked femtosecond lasers and interferometric detection of the pump-probe spectra -- referred to as asynchronous and interferometric transient absorption (AI-TA) -- we have developed a method for broad dynamic range and rapid data acquisition. Using AI-TA, we examined photochemical changes during femtosecond pump-probe experiments on all-inorganic cesium lead halide nanomaterials, including perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) and nanoplatelets (PeNPLs). The laser pulse train facilitates photoreactions while allowing real-time observation of charge carrier dynamics. In PeNCs undergoing halide anion photo-substitution, transient absorption spectra showed increasing bandgap energy and faster relaxation dynamics as the Cl/Br ratio increased. For colloidal PeNPLs, continuous observation revealed both spectral and kinetic changes during the light-induced coalescence of nanoplatelets, by analyzing temporal segments. This integrated technique not only deepens understanding of exciton dynamics and environmental influences in perovskite nanomaterials but also establishes AI-TA as a transformative tool for real-time observation of photochemical dynamics. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item60'>[60]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02332" title="Abstract" id="2504.02332"> arXiv:2504.02332 </a> (cross-list from q-bio.PE) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02332" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02332" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02332">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02332v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02332" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02332" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02332" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02332" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02332">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Stability of complex communities: A perspective from discrete-time dynamics </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+S">Shuaiying Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Yang,+Y">Yuguang Yang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Li,+A">Aming Li</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)</span>; Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Understanding the stability of complex communities is a central focus in ecology, many important theoretical advancements have been made to identify drivers of ecological stability. However, previous results often rely on the continuous-time dynamics, assuming that species have overlapping generations. In contrast, numerous real-world communities consist of species with non-overlapping generations, whose quantitative behavior can only be precisely represented by discrete-time dynamics rather than continuous ones. Here, we develop a theoretical framework and propose a metric to quantify the stability of complex communities characterized by non-overlapping generations and diverse interaction types. In stark contrast to existing results for overlapping generations, we find that increasing self-regulation strength first stabilizes and then destabilizes complex communities. This pattern is further confirmed in both exploitative (E. aerogenes, P. aurantiaca, P. chlororaphis, P. citronellolis) and competitive (P. putida, P. veroni, S. marcescens) soil microbial communities. Moreover, we show that communities with diverse interaction types become the most stable, which is corroborated by empirical mouse microbial networks. Furthermore, we reveal that the prevalence of weak interactions can stabilize communities, which is consistent with findings from existing microbial experiments. Our analyses of complex communities with non-overlapping generations provide a more comprehensive understanding of ecological stability and informs practical strategies for ecological restoration and control. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item61'>[61]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02347" title="Abstract" id="2504.02347"> arXiv:2504.02347 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.soft) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02347" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02347" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02347">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02347v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02347" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02347" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02347" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02347" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02347">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Exact characterization of anisotropic properties in confined hard-sphere systems </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Montero,+A+M">Ana M. Montero</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Santos,+A">Andr茅s Santos</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 15 pages, 8 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)</span>; Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Classical Physics (physics.class-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We investigate a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) system of hard spheres confined within a cylindrical pore so narrow that only nearest-neighbor interactions are possible. By mapping the Q1D system onto a one-dimensional polydisperse mixture of nonadditive hard rods, we obtain exact thermodynamic and structural properties, including the radial distribution function, which had remained elusive in previous studies. We derive analytical expressions for limiting cases, such as small pore diameters, virial coefficients, and extreme pressures. Additionally, we identify a transition in the anisotropic pressure components, where the transverse pressure surpasses the longitudinal one at high densities if the pore diameter exceeds a critical threshold. Finally, we analyze spatial correlations in particle arrangements and fluctuations in radial positioning, providing insight into the emergence of ordering in confined systems. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item62'>[62]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02367" title="Abstract" id="2504.02367"> arXiv:2504.02367 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.mtrl-sci) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02367" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02367" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02367">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02367v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02367" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02367" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02367" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02367" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02367">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> CrystalFormer-RL: Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Materials Design </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Cao,+Z">Zhendong Cao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+L">Lei Wang</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 8 pages, 6 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)</span>; Machine Learning (cs.LG); Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Reinforcement fine-tuning has instrumental enhanced the instruction-following and reasoning abilities of large language models. In this work, we explore the applications of reinforcement fine-tuning to the autoregressive transformer-based materials generative model CrystalFormer (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.15734" data-arxiv-id="2403.15734" class="link-https">arXiv:2403.15734</a>) using discriminative machine learning models such as interatomic potentials and property prediction models. By optimizing reward signals-such as energy above the convex hull and material property figures of merit-reinforcement fine-tuning infuses knowledge from discriminative models into generative models. The resulting model, CrystalFormer-RL, shows enhanced stability in generated crystals and successfully discovers crystals with desirable yet conflicting material properties, such as substantial dielectric constant and band gap simultaneously. Notably, we observe that reinforcement fine-tuning enables not only the property-guided novel material design ability of generative pre-trained model but also unlocks property-driven material retrieval from the unsupervised pre-training dataset. Leveraging rewards from discriminative models to fine-tune materials generative models opens an exciting gateway to the synergies of the machine learning ecosystem for materials. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item63'>[63]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02372" title="Abstract" id="2504.02372"> arXiv:2504.02372 </a> (cross-list from quant-ph) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02372" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02372" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02372">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02372v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02372" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02372" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02372" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02372" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02372">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Quantum Key Distribution over Complex Networks </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Mariani,+L">Luca Mariani</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Yehia,+R">Raja Yehia</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Pascual-Garc%C3%ADa,+C">Carlos Pascual-Garc铆a</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Centrone,+F">Federico Centrone</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=van+der+Kolk,+J">Jasper van der Kolk</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Serrano,+M+%C3%81">M. 脕ngeles Serrano</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ac%C3%ADn,+A">Antonio Ac铆n</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 13 pages, 4 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Quantum Physics (quant-ph)</span>; Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> There exist several initiatives worldwide to deploy quantum key distribution (QKD) over existing fibre networks and achieve quantum-safe security at large scales. To understand the overall QKD network performance, it is required to transition from the analysis of individual links, as done so far, to the characterization of the network as a whole. In this work, we undertake this study by embedding QKD protocols on complex networks, which correctly model the existing fiber networks. We focus on networks with trusted nodes and on continuous-variable (CV) schemes, which have much higher key rates than their discrete-variable (DV) counterparts. In the effective CV network, however, many of the unique properties of complex networks, such as small-worldness and the presence of hubs, are lost due to the fast decay of the key rate with physical distance for CV systems. These properties can be restored when considering a hybrid network consisting of both CV and DV protocols, achieving at the same time high average rate and inter-connectivity. Our work opens the path to the study of QKD complex networks in existing infrastructures. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item64'>[64]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02389" title="Abstract" id="2504.02389"> arXiv:2504.02389 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.soft) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02389" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02389" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02389">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02389v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02389" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02389" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02389" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02389" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02389">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Response of magnetic particle to rotating magnetic field in viscoelastic fluid </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Gao,+H">Han Gao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Zhao,+Z">Zhiyuan Zhao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Doi,+M">Masao Doi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Xu,+Y">Ye Xu</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)</span>; Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn) </div> <p class='mathjax'> The rotational dynamics of a freely suspended ferromagnetic particle in viscoelastic fluid subjected to a rotating magnetic field is studied by experiments and theory. Our result reveals that when the characteristic relaxation time of the fluid is much smaller than the inverse critical field frequency, the particle's rotation behavior aligns with that in Newtonian fluids. Increasing the relaxation time enhances the time-averaged rotation frequency of the particle that undergo asynchronous rotation. Moreover, the critical frequency is shown to scale linearly with the magnetic field intensity and inversely with the fluid's zero-shear viscosity. Our work is expected to guide precise manipulation of ferromagnetic particles in biomedical systems where viscoelastic environments dominate. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item65'>[65]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02396" title="Abstract" id="2504.02396"> arXiv:2504.02396 </a> (cross-list from astro-ph.SR) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02396" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02396" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02396">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02396v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02396" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02396" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02396" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02396" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02396">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> High-Resolution Observations of a Small-Scale Cancellation Nanoflare: Supporting Evidence for the Cancellation Nanoflare Model </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tang,+Z">Zehao Tang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Shen,+Y">Yuandeng Shen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Zhou,+C">Chengrui Zhou</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Yao,+S">Sure Yao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+D">Dongxu Liu</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 9pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in the APJL </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)</span>; Space Physics (physics.space-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> An analytical cancellation nanoflare model has recently been established to show the fundamental role that ubiquitous small-scale cancellation nanoflares play in solar atmospheric heating. Although this model is well-supported by simulations, observational evidence is needed to deepen our understanding of cancellation nanoflares. We present observations of a small-scale cancellation nanoflare event, analyzing its magnetic topology evolution, triggers, and physical parameters. Using coordinated observations from Solar Dynamics Observatory and Goode Solar Telescope, we identify a photospheric flow-driven cancellation event with a flux cancellation rate of ~10^{15} Mx/s and a heating rate of 8.7 x 10^6 erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}. The event shows the characteristic transition from $\pi$-shaped to X-shaped magnetic configuration before forming a two arcsecs current sheet, closely matching model predictions. This event provides critical observational support for the cancellation nanoflare model and its role in solar atmospheric heating. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item66'>[66]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02399" title="Abstract" id="2504.02399"> arXiv:2504.02399 </a> (cross-list from q-bio.PE) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02399" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02399" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02399">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02399" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02399" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02399">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Bayesian eco-evolutionary game dynamics </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Patra,+A">Arunava Patra</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Bairagya,+J+D">Joy Das Bairagya</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Chakraborty,+S">Sagar Chakraborty</a></div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> Phys. Rev. E 111, 044401 (2025) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)</span>; Theoretical Economics (econ.TH); Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD); Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> The symbiotic relationship between the frameworks of classical game theory and evolutionary game theory is well-established. However, evolutionary game theorists have mostly tapped into the classical game of complete information where players are completely informed of all other players' payoffs. Of late, there is a surge of interest in eco-evolutionary interactions where the environment's state is changed by the players' actions which, in turn, are influenced by the changing environment. However, in real life, the information about the true environmental state must pass through some noisy channel (like usually imperfect sensory apparatus of the players) before it is perceived by the players: The players naturally are prone to sometimes perceive the true state erroneously. Given the uncertain perceived environment, the players may adopt bet-hedging kind of strategies in which they play different actions in different perceptions. In a population of such ill-informed players, a player would be confused about the information state of her opponent, and an incomplete information situation akin to a Bayesian game surfaces. In short, we contemplate possibility of natural emergence of symbiotic relationship between the frameworks of Bayesian games and eco-evolutionary games when the players are equipped with inefficient sensory apparatus. Herein, we illustrate this connection using a setup of infinitely large, well-mixed population of players equipped with two actions for exploiting a resource (the environment) at two different rates so that the resource state evolves accordingly. The state of the resource impacts every player's decision of playing particular action. We investigate continuous state environment in the presence of a Gaussian noisy channel. Employing the formalism of replicator dynamics, we find that noisy information can be effective in preventing resource from going extinct. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item67'>[67]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02413" title="Abstract" id="2504.02413"> arXiv:2504.02413 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.mtrl-sci) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02413" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02413" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02413">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02413v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02413" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02413" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02413" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02413" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02413">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Dislocation-density based crystal plasticity: stability and attractors in slip rate driven processes </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Smiri,+J">Jalal Smiri</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Salman,+O+U">O臒uz Umut Salman</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Ionescu,+I+R">Ioan R. Ionescu</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)</span>; Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall); Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Dislocation-density based crystal plasticity (CP) models are introduced to account for the microstructral changes throughout the deformation process, enabling more quantitative predictions of the deformation process compared to slip-system resistance-based plasticity models. In this work, we present a stability analysis of slip rate driven processes for some established dislocation density-based models, including the Kocks and Mecking (KM) model and its variants. Our analysis can be generalized to any type of dislocation density model, providing a broader framework for understanding the stability of such systems. Interestingly, we demonstrate that even size-independent models can exhibit size-dependent effects through variations in initial dislocation density. Notably, the initial dislocation density significantly influences material hardening or softening responses. To further explore these phenomena, we conduct numerical simulations of micro-pillar compression using an Eulerian crystal plasticity framework. Our results show that dislocation-density-based CP models effectively capture microstructural evolution in small-scale materials, offering critical insights for the design of miniaturized mechanical devices and advanced materials in nanotechnology. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item68'>[68]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02424" title="Abstract" id="2504.02424"> arXiv:2504.02424 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.soft) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02424" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02424" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02424">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02424v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02424" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02424" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02424" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02424" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02424">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Designing optimal elastic filaments for viscous propulsion </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Dvoriashyna,+M">Mariia Dvoriashyna</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Lauga,+E">Eric Lauga</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)</span>; Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> The propulsion of many eukaryotic cells is generated by flagella, flexible slender filaments that are actively oscillating in space and time. The dynamics of these biological appendages have inspired the design of many types of artificial microswimmers. The magnitude of the filament's viscous propulsion depends on the time-varying shape of the filament, and that shape depends in turn on the spatial distribution of the bending rigidity of the filament. In this work, we rigorously determine the relationship between the mechanical (bending) properties of the filament and the viscous thrust it produces using mathematical optimisation. Specifically, by considering a model system (a slender elastic filament with an oscillating slope at its base), we derive the optimal bending rigidity function along the filament that maximises the time-averaged thrust produced by the actuated filament. Instead of prescribing a specific functional form, we use functional optimisation and adjoint-based variational calculus to formally establish the link between the distribution of bending rigidity and propulsion. The optimal rigidities are found to be stiff near the base, and soft near the distal end, with a spatial distribution that depends critically on the constraints used in the optimisation procedure. These findings may guide the optimal design of future artificial swimmers. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item69'>[69]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02466" title="Abstract" id="2504.02466"> arXiv:2504.02466 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.soft) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02466" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02466" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02466">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02466v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02466" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02466" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02466" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02466" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02466">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Optimal first-passage times of active Brownian particles under stochastic resetting </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Baouche,+Y">Yanis Baouche</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Kurzthaler,+C">Christina Kurzthaler</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)</span>; Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We study the first-passage-time (FPT) properties of an active Brownian particle under stochastic resetting to its initial configuration, comprising its position and orientation, to reach an absorbing wall in two dimensions. Coupling a perturbative approach for low P茅clet numbers, measuring the relative importance of self-propulsion with respect to diffusion, with the renewal framework for the stochastic resetting process, we derive analytical expressions for the survival probability, the FPT probability density, and the associated low-order moments. Depending on their initial orientation, the minimal mean FPT for active particles to reach the boundary can both decrease and increase relative to the passive counterpart. The associated optimal resetting rates depend non-trivially on the initial distance to the boundary due to the intricate interplay of resetting, rotational Brownian noise, and active motion. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item70'>[70]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02488" title="Abstract" id="2504.02488"> arXiv:2504.02488 </a> (cross-list from q-bio.PE) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02488" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02488" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02488">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02488v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02488" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02488" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02488" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02488" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02488">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> A Behaviour and Disease Model of Testing and Isolation </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Ryan,+M">Matthew Ryan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Hickson,+R+I">Roslyn I. Hickson</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Hill,+E+M">Edward M. Hill</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=House,+T">Thomas House</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Isham,+V">Valerie Isham</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+D">Dongni Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/q-bio?searchtype=author&query=Roberts,+M+G">Mick G. Roberts</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 22 pages, 10 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)</span>; Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> There has been interest in the interactions between infectious disease dynamics and behaviour for most of the history of mathematical epidemiology. This has included consideration of which mathematical models best capture each phenomenon, as well as their interaction, but typically in a manner that is agnostic to the exact behaviour in question. Here, we investigate interacting behaviour and disease dynamics specifically related to behaviours around testing and isolation. This epidemiological-behavioural interaction is of particular interest as, prospectively, it is well-placed to be informed by real-world data temporally monitoring test results and compliance with testing policy. To carry out our investigation we extend an existing "behaviour and disease" (BaD) model by incorporating the dynamics of symptomatic testing and isolation. We provide a dynamical systems analysis of the ordinary differential equations that define this model, providing theoretical results on its behaviour early in a new outbreak (particularly its basic reproduction number) and endemicity of the system (its steady states and associated stability criteria). We then supplement these findings with a numerical analysis to inform how temporal and cumulative outbreak metrics depend on the model parameter values for epidemic and endemic regimes. As the presented interdisciplinary modelling approach can accommodate further extensions (including, but not limited to, adding testing capacity, decay in behavioural effects and multiple pathogen variants), we hope that our work will encourage further modelling studies integrating specific measured behaviours and disease dynamics that may reduce the health and economic impacts of future epidemics. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item71'>[71]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02499" title="Abstract" id="2504.02499"> arXiv:2504.02499 </a> (cross-list from astro-ph.EP) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02499" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02499" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02499">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02499v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02499" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02499" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02499" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02499" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02499">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> The Gradient of Mean Molecular Weight Across the Radius Valley </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Heng,+K">Kevin Heng</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Owen,+J+E">James E. Owen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tian,+M">Meng Tian</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 21 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)</span>; Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph); Geophysics (physics.geo-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Photo-evaporation shapes the observed radii of small exoplanets and constrains the underlying distributions of atmospheric and core masses. However, the diversity of atmospheric chemistries corresponding to these distributions remains unelucidated. We develop a first-principles carbon-hydrogen-oxygen-sulfur-silicon (CHOSSi) outgassing model that accounts for non-ideal gas behavior (via fugacities) at high pressures, as well as the tendency for water and hydrogen to dissolve in melt (via solubility laws). We use data-driven radius valley constraints to establish the relationship between the atmospheric surface pressures and melt temperatures of sub-Neptunes. Sub-Neptunes with less massive rocky cores retain less of their primordial hydrogen envelopes, which leads to less heat retention and diminished melt temperatures at the surfaces of these cores. Lower melt temperatures lead thermodynamically to the dominance of carbon-, oxygen-, sulfur- and silicon-bearing molecules over molecular hydrogen, which naturally produce a diversity of mean molecular weights. Our geochemical outgassing calculations robustly predict a gradient of mean molecular weight across the radius valley, where the strength of this gradient is primarily driven by the oxygen fugacity of the molten cores and not by the carbon enrichment (or "metallicity") of the atmosphere. Smaller sub-Neptunes are predicted to have less hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. The precise relationship between the observed and outgassed chemistries requires an understanding of how convection near the core interacts with large-scale atmospheric circulation (driven by stellar heating) near the photosphere, as well as the influence of photochemistry. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item72'>[72]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02510" title="Abstract" id="2504.02510"> arXiv:2504.02510 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.mtrl-sci) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02510" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02510" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02510">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02510v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02510" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02510" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02510" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02510" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02510">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> A complimentary impedance spectroscopy biosensing method with graphene </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Khan,+M">Munis Khan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Mijakovic,+I">Ivan Mijakovic</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Pandit,+S">Santosh Pandit</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Yurgens,+A">August Yurgens</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 21 pages, 6 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)</span>; Applied Physics (physics.app-ph); Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We present a method where a bioactive functional layer on an electrically conductive thin film with high sheet resistance can be effectively used for complementary electrochemical impedance spectroscopy biosensing. The functional layer's properties, such as double-layer capacitance and charge-transfer resistance, influence the complex impedance of the thin film in direct contact with the layer. These measurements can be performed using a simple low-frequency setup with a lock-in amplifier. When graphene is used as the resistive thin film, the signal may also include contributions from graphene's quantum capacitance, which is sensitive to charge transfer to and from the graphene. Unlike in traditional graphene biosensors, changes in electrolyte properties over time, such as those caused by the dissolution of ambient gases, do not significantly affect AC measurements. This technique supports biosensor miniaturization, ensures stable operation, and provides reliable biomarker detection with a high signal-to-noise ratio. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item73'>[73]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02570" title="Abstract" id="2504.02570"> arXiv:2504.02570 </a> (cross-list from hep-ex) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02570" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02570" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02570">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02570v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02570" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02570" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02570" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02570" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02570">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Time resolution limits in silicon sensors from Landau fluctuations and electronics noise </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Riegler,+W">Werner Riegler</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 17 pages, 15 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)</span>; Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In this report, we derive analytical expressions for the time resolution limits of standard silicon sensors, LGADs, and 3D trench sensors. We separately examine the effects of Landau fluctuations and electronic noise. To analyze Landau fluctuations, we relate the time resolution of a single electron-hole pair generated at a random position in the sensor to the time resolution associated with the full ionization pattern produced by a charged particle. For electronic noise, we explore optimal filtering techniques that minimize its impact on time resolution, and evaluate how closely these can be approximated by practical filters. Finally, we demonstrate that the combined effect of Landau fluctuations and electronic noise cannot, in general, be simply expressed as the quadratic sum of the individual contributions. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item74'>[74]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02596" title="Abstract" id="2504.02596"> arXiv:2504.02596 </a> (cross-list from astro-ph.EP) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02596" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02596" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02596">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02596v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02596" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02596" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02596" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02596" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02596">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Cosmic ray ionisation of a post-impact early Earth atmosphere: Solar cosmic ray ionisation must be considered in origin-of-life scenarios </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Raeside,+S+R">S. R. Raeside</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Rodgers-Lee,+D">D. Rodgers-Lee</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Rimmer,+P+B">P. B. Rimmer</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)</span>; Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR); Space Physics (physics.space-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Cosmic rays (CR), both solar and Galactic, have an ionising effect on the Earth's atmosphere and are thought to be important for prebiotic molecule production. In particular, the $\rm{H_2}$-dominated atmosphere following an ocean-vaporising impact is considered favourable to prebiotic molecule formation. We model solar and Galactic CR transport through a post-impact early Earth atmosphere at 200Myr. We aim to identify the differences in the resulting ionisation rates, $\zeta$, particularly at the Earth's surface during a period when the Sun was very active. We use a Monte Carlo model to describe CR transport through the early Earth atmosphere, giving the CR spectra as a function of altitude. We calculate $\zeta$ and the ion-pair production rate, $Q$, as a function of altitude due to Galactic and solar CR. The Galactic and solar CR spectra are both affected by the Sun's rotation rate, $\Omega$, because the solar wind velocity and magnetic field strength both depend on $\Omega$ and influence CR transport. We consider a range of input spectra resulting from the range of possible $\Omega$, from $3.5-15\, \Omega_{\rm{\odot}}$. To account for the possibility that the Galactic CR spectrum outside the Solar System varies over Gyr timescales, we compare top-of-atmosphere $\zeta$ resulting from two different scenarios. We also consider the suppression of the CR spectra by a planetary magnetic field. We find that $\zeta$ and $Q$ due to CR are dominated by solar CR in the early Earth atmosphere for most cases. The corresponding $\zeta$ at the early Earth's surface ranges from $5 \times 10^{-21}\rm{s^{-1}}$ for $\Omega = 3.5\,\Omega_{\rm{\odot}}$ to $1 \times 10^{-16}\rm{s^{-1}}$ for $\Omega = 15\,\Omega_{\rm{\odot}}$. Thus if the young Sun was a fast rotator, it is likely that solar CR had a significant effect on the chemistry at the Earth's surface at the time when life is likely to have formed. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item75'>[75]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02682" title="Abstract" id="2504.02682"> arXiv:2504.02682 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.quant-gas) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02682" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02682" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02682">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02682v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02682" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02682" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02682" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02682" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02682">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Self-bound monolayer crystals of ultracold polar molecules </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Ciardi,+M">Matteo Ciardi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Pedersen,+K+R">Kasper R酶nning Pedersen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Langen,+T">Tim Langen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Pohl,+T">Thomas Pohl</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 11 pages, 9 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)</span>; Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph); Quantum Physics (quant-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We investigate the physics of ultracold dipolar molecules using path-integral quantum Monte Carlo simulations, and construct the complete phase diagram extending from weak to strong interactions and from small to mesoscopic particle numbers. Our calculations predict the formation of self-bound quantum droplets at interaction strengths lower than previously anticipated. For stronger interactions, the droplet continuously loses superfluidity as correlations develop, and is eventually found to undergo a transition to a crystalline monolayer that remains self-bound without external confinement. The spontaneous formation of such two-dimensional phases from a three-dimensional quantum gas is traced back to the peculiar anisotropic form of the dipole-dipole interaction generated by microwave-dressing of rotational molecular states. For sufficiently large particle numbers, crystallization takes place for comparably low interaction strengths that do not promote two-body bound states and should thus be observable in ongoing experiments without limitations from three-body recombination. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item76'>[76]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02748" title="Abstract" id="2504.02748"> arXiv:2504.02748 </a> (cross-list from cs.CE) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02748" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02748" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02748">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02748v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02748" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02748" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02748" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02748" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02748">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Atrial constitutive neural networks </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Peirlinck,+M">Mathias Peirlinck</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Linka,+K">Kevin Linka</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Kuhl,+E">Ellen Kuhl</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)</span>; Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Medical Physics (physics.med-ph); Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO) </div> <p class='mathjax'> This work presents a novel approach for characterizing the mechanical behavior of atrial tissue using constitutive neural networks. Based on experimental biaxial tensile test data of healthy human atria, we automatically discover the most appropriate constitutive material model, thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional, pre-defined models. This approach offers a new perspective on modeling atrial mechanics and is a significant step towards improved simulation and prediction of cardiac health. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item77'>[77]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02753" title="Abstract" id="2504.02753"> arXiv:2504.02753 </a> (cross-list from quant-ph) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02753" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02753" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02753">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02753" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02753" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02753">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Robust entangled photon generation by Floquet-engineered two-colour pulses </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Yan,+J">Jun-Yong Yan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hagen,+P+C+A">Paul C. A. Hagen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Babin,+H">Hans-Georg Babin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Wieck,+A+D">Andreas D. Wieck</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ludwig,+A">Arne Ludwig</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Jin,+C">Chao-Yuan Jin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Axt,+V+M">Vollrath M. Axt</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+D">Da-Wei Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Cygorek,+M">Moritz Cygorek</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+F">Feng Liu</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Manuscript with 10 pages and 4 figures plus Supplementary Information comprising 8 pages and 7 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Quantum Physics (quant-ph)</span>; Optics (physics.optics) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Quantum emitters driven by resonant two-photon excitation are a leading source for deterministically generated entangled photon pairs, essential for scalable photonic quantum technologies. However, conventional resonant schemes are highly sensitive to laser power fluctuations and pose additional experimental challenges for emitters with small biexciton binding energies. Here, we demonstrate how biexciton preparation schemes with significantly improved robustness and reduced laser filtering requirements can be identified using a novel design principle beyond resonant and adiabatic driving: ultrafast all-optical Floquet engineering. This is achieved by employing two strongly and symmetrically detuned dichromatic pulses, whose superposition generates a stroboscopic Hamiltonian that enables direct coupling between ground and biexciton states. Moreover, a pulse delay serves as a tuning knob, introducing an effective magnetic field that concentrates the Bloch sphere trajectory at the biexciton state for a wide range of parameters, making biexciton preparation particularly robust. Experimentally, we achieve a biexciton occupation exceeding 96% and preserve photon-pair entanglement with a fidelity of 93.4%. Our scheme highlights the great impact of Floquet-engineered multicolour excitation protocols for on-demand quantum light sources. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item78'>[78]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.02824" title="Abstract" id="2504.02824"> arXiv:2504.02824 </a> (cross-list from cond-mat.mes-hall) [<a href="/pdf/2504.02824" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.02824" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.02824">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.02824v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.02824" aria-labelledby="html-2504.02824" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.02824" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.02824" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.02824">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Observation of non-Hermitian dislocation bound states and dislocation skin effects </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Zhong,+J">Jia-Xin Zhong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Roy,+B">Bitan Roy</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Jing,+Y">Yun Jing</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 supplementary material </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)</span>; Classical Physics (physics.class-ph); Quantum Physics (quant-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> The confluence of Non-Hermitian (NH) topology and crystal defects has culminated significant interest, yet its experimental exploration has been limited due to the challenges involved in design and measurements. Here, we showcase experimental observation of NH dislocation bound states (NHDS) and the dislocation-induced NH skin effect in two-dimensional acoustic NH Chern lattices. By embedding edge dislocations in such acoustic lattices and implementing precision-controlled hopping and onsite gain/loss via active meta-atoms, we reveal robust defect-bound states localized at dislocation cores within the line gap of the complex energy spectrum. These NHDS survive against moderate NH perturbations but gradually delocalize and merge with the bulk (skin) states as the system arrives at the shore of fostering exceptional points in the Brillouin zone under periodic (open) boundary conditions. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate that the dislocation core can feature weak NH skin effects when its direction is perpendicular to the Burgers vector in periodic systems. Our findings pave an experimental pathway for probing NH topology via lattice defects and open new avenues for defect-engineered topological devices. </p> </div> </dd> </dl> <dl id='articles'> <h3>Replacement submissions (showing 46 of 46 entries)</h3> <dt> <a name='item79'>[79]</a> <a href ="/abs/2007.01355" title="Abstract" id="2007.01355"> arXiv:2007.01355 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2007.01355" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2007.01355" aria-labelledby="pdf-2007.01355">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2007.01355" title="Other formats" id="oth-2007.01355" aria-labelledby="oth-2007.01355">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Impact of evidence-based flipped or active-engagement non-flipped courses on student performance in introductory physics </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karim,+N+I">Nafis I Karim</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maries,+A">Alexandru Maries</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Singh,+C">Chandralekha Singh</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 14 pages, 1 figure </div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> Canadian Journal of Physics 96 (4), 411-419 (2018) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> We describe the impact of physics education research-based pedagogical techniques in flipped and active-engagement non-flipped courses on student performance on validated conceptual surveys. We compare student performance in courses which make significant use of evidence-based active engagement (EBAE) strategies with courses that primarily use lecture-based (LB) instruction. All courses had large enrollment and often had 100-200 students. The analysis of data for validated conceptual surveys presented here includes data from large numbers of students from two-semester sequences of introductory algebra-based and calculus-based introductory physics courses. The conceptual surveys used to assess student learning in the first and second semester courses were the Force Concept Inventory and the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism, respectively. In the research discussed here, the performance of students in EBAE courses at a particular level is compared with LB courses in two situations: (I) the same instructor taught two courses, one of which was a flipped course involving EBAE methods and the other an LB course, while the homework, recitations and final exams were kept the same, (II) student performance in all of the EBAE courses taught by different instructors were averaged and compared with LB courses of the same type also averaged over different instructors. In all cases, we find that students in courses which make significant use of active-engagement strategies, on average, outperformed students in courses using primarily lecture-based instruction of the same type on conceptual surveys even though there was no statistically significant difference on the pretest before instruction. We also discuss correlation between the performance on the validated conceptual surveys and the final exam, which typically placed a heavy weight on quantitative problem solving. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item80'>[80]</a> <a href ="/abs/2212.13510" title="Abstract" id="2212.13510"> arXiv:2212.13510 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2212.13510" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2212.13510" aria-labelledby="pdf-2212.13510">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2212.13510v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2212.13510" aria-labelledby="html-2212.13510" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2212.13510" title="Other formats" id="oth-2212.13510" aria-labelledby="oth-2212.13510">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Evaluating the transition dipole moment of quantum dots with absorption and angle resolved photo-luminescence spectroscopy </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kalluru,+H+R">Harshavardhan R. Kalluru</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tongbram,+B">Binita Tongbram</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basu,+J+K">Jaydeep K. Basu</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> In this manuscript, the evaluation procedure of transition dipole moment (TDM) is discussed. Semiconducting Cd_{x}Zn_{1-x}Se_{y}S_{1-y} alloyed quantum dots (AQDs) are used as the two level emitting system. The AQDs are then self-assembled into monolayers by the Langmuir-Schaefer method. The TDM magnitude and orientation of AQDs are extracted from the absorption spectrum and the angle resolved Photo-luminescence emission spectrum measurements respectively. The TDM of AQDs in vacuum is evaluated as 9.07 D and the anisotropy coefficient shows that the AQD emission is isotropic. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item81'>[81]</a> <a href ="/abs/2311.07295" title="Abstract" id="2311.07295"> arXiv:2311.07295 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2311.07295" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2311.07295" aria-labelledby="pdf-2311.07295">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2311.07295" title="Other formats" id="oth-2311.07295" aria-labelledby="oth-2311.07295">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> SOLPS-ITER simulation of an X-point radiator in TCV </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sun,+G">G. Sun</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pan,+O">O. Pan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bernert,+M">M. Bernert</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carpita,+M">M. Carpita</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Duval,+B+P">B. P. Duval</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=F%C3%A9vrier,+O">O. F茅vrier</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Koenders,+J">J.T.W. Koenders</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reimerdes,+H">H. Reimerdes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Theiler,+C">C. Theiler</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wiesen,+S">S. Wiesen</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> SOLPS-ITER simulation is performed to reproduce the X-point radiator recently observed in nitrogen-seeded TCV experiments, which is a scenario that may be favorable to solve the power exhaust problems in future fusion devices. The simulations reveal the transition from the detached regime without XPR to the XPR regime, when increasing the nitrogen seeding rate. A cold X-point core surrounded by ionizing and radiative mentals is formed inside the separatrix and slightly above the X-point, where more than 90% of the total input power is dissipated. The cold X-point core exhibits a temperature of approximately 1eV and features high recombination rate to host the convective fluxes from the ionizing mental. Increasing nitrogen seeding rate also moves the nitrogen ionization front away from the target faster than the nitrogen stagnation point, which enhances the divertor nitrogen leakage to the main chamber and benefits the XPR region cooling. Carbon radiation decreases as the nitrogen seeding increases, and carbon radiation contributes to above 5% of the core impurity radiation before entering the XPR, which decreases to 2.8% when reaching the XPR. Both baffled and unbaffled divertor geometries are simulated and compared, showing that baffles facilitate the access to XPR by increasing the X-point neutral density, but requires higher seeding rate to enter the XPR regime. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item82'>[82]</a> <a href ="/abs/2403.03198" title="Abstract" id="2403.03198"> arXiv:2403.03198 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2403.03198" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2403.03198" aria-labelledby="pdf-2403.03198">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2403.03198v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2403.03198" aria-labelledby="html-2403.03198" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2403.03198" title="Other formats" id="oth-2403.03198" aria-labelledby="oth-2403.03198">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Surface and sub-surface modifications of copper electrodes exposed to high-field conditioning at cryogenic temperatures </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jacewicz,+M">Marek Jacewicz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Profatilova,+I">Iaroslava Profatilova</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Szaniawski,+P">Piotr Szaniawski</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Popov,+I">Inna Popov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ashkenazy,+Y">Yinon Ashkenazy</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Calatroni,+S">Sergio Calatroni</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wuensch,+W">Walter Wuensch</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)</span>; Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci); Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In order to investigate the dependence of conditioning and field-holding on temperature, three pairs of copper electrodes underwent high voltage conditioning with direct current (DC) pulses while kept at a single temperature, unique for each set (300~K, 30~K and 10~K), until saturation field for each set was found. The sets conditioned at cold showed a significant increase in the field holding capability, reaching fields up to 147 MV/m after tens of millions of pulses and very few breakdowns (BDs). We interpret this as an indication of the conditioning effect being due to high field pulsing rather than exposure to BDs. The effect of the warm and cold conditioning was investigated with high-resolution microscopy, characterizing the BD spots on the anode and cathode according to their morphology and with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyzing the changes in the sub-surface regions. Atypical BD spot features were found on the cryogenically conditioned cathode surfaces, with very shallow craters of a star-like shape. The number of atypical spots increased with decreased temperatures, reaching 26 and 53 percent of the total number of spots at 30~K and 10~K, respectively. A hypothesis explaining the formation of these features is also presented. The very different morphology of the anode and cathode BD spots is presented in detail that suggesting an unknown shielding mechanism that prevents the center of the anode spot from melting. These results provide important experimental input for the development of quantitative theories and models for BD initiation and inter-electrode plasma formation. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item83'>[83]</a> <a href ="/abs/2407.18261" title="Abstract" id="2407.18261"> arXiv:2407.18261 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2407.18261" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2407.18261" aria-labelledby="pdf-2407.18261">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2407.18261" title="Other formats" id="oth-2407.18261" aria-labelledby="oth-2407.18261">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Harnessing Nonlinear Dynamics for Time-Driven Berry Phase in Classical Systems </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mahmood,+K+T">Kazi T. Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hasan,+M+A">M. Arif Hasan</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)</span>; Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall); Quantum Physics (quant-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Phases arising from cyclic processes are fundamental in physics, bridging quantum and classical domains and providing deeper insights into the topology and dynamics of physical systems. This study investigates the accumulation of a time-driven Berry phase in a classical nonlinear system comprised of two spherical granules and introduces a method in which gauge variants naturally evolve over time without altering internal or external conditions. We develop a perturbation-based model to map the system's elastic characteristics to Bloch states and confirm the theoretical predictions of the frequency-dependent Berry phase through experiments. Our findings reveal that the Berry phase can exhibit trivial and nontrivial values, influenced by external driving forces and static precompression. Our results demonstrate a rich array of vibrational modes, capable of displaying identical Berry phase signatures across different frequencies-a significant departure from previous studies that identified a single topological resonance. Multiple nontrivial Berry phases emerge in highly nonlinear settings, whereas more linear regimes exhibit a singular nontrivial phase. Notably, the behavior of the Berry phase in our system mirrors fundamental quantum mechanics concepts, such as path-dependent state evolution. This study highlights the potential of classical mechanical systems to mimic quantum phenomena, opening new pathways for quantum-inspired topological computation and offering fresh perspectives on using time-driven Berry phase accumulation to investigate topological properties in nonlinear media. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item84'>[84]</a> <a href ="/abs/2408.03100" title="Abstract" id="2408.03100"> arXiv:2408.03100 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2408.03100" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2408.03100" aria-labelledby="pdf-2408.03100">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2408.03100v3" title="View HTML" id="html-2408.03100" aria-labelledby="html-2408.03100" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2408.03100" title="Other formats" id="oth-2408.03100" aria-labelledby="oth-2408.03100">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Huge Ensembles Part I: Design of Ensemble Weather Forecasts using Spherical Fourier Neural Operators </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mahesh,+A">Ankur Mahesh</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Collins,+W">William Collins</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonev,+B">Boris Bonev</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Brenowitz,+N">Noah Brenowitz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cohen,+Y">Yair Cohen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Elms,+J">Joshua Elms</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Harrington,+P">Peter Harrington</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kashinath,+K">Karthik Kashinath</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kurth,+T">Thorsten Kurth</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=North,+J">Joshua North</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=OBrien,+T">Travis OBrien</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pritchard,+M">Michael Pritchard</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pruitt,+D">David Pruitt</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Risser,+M">Mark Risser</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Subramanian,+S">Shashank Subramanian</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Willard,+J">Jared Willard</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)</span>; Machine Learning (cs.LG) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Studying low-likelihood high-impact extreme weather events in a warming world is a significant and challenging task for current ensemble forecasting systems. While these systems presently use up to 100 members, larger ensembles could enrich the sampling of internal variability. They may capture the long tails associated with climate hazards better than traditional ensemble sizes. Due to computational constraints, it is infeasible to generate huge ensembles (comprised of 1,000-10,000 members) with traditional, physics-based numerical models. In this two-part paper, we replace traditional numerical simulations with machine learning (ML) to generate hindcasts of huge ensembles. In Part I, we construct an ensemble weather forecasting system based on Spherical Fourier Neural Operators (SFNO), and we discuss important design decisions for constructing such an ensemble. The ensemble represents model uncertainty through perturbed-parameter techniques, and it represents initial condition uncertainty through bred vectors, which sample the fastest growing modes of the forecast. Using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) as a baseline, we develop an evaluation pipeline composed of mean, spectral, and extreme diagnostics. Using large-scale, distributed SFNOs with 1.1 billion learned parameters, we achieve calibrated probabilistic forecasts. As the trajectories of the individual members diverge, the ML ensemble mean spectra degrade with lead time, consistent with physical expectations. However, the individual ensemble members' spectra stay constant with lead time. Therefore, these members simulate realistic weather states, and the ML ensemble thus passes a crucial spectral test in the literature. The IFS and ML ensembles have similar Extreme Forecast Indices, and we show that the ML extreme weather forecasts are reliable and discriminating. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item85'>[85]</a> <a href ="/abs/2408.04936" title="Abstract" id="2408.04936"> arXiv:2408.04936 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2408.04936" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2408.04936" aria-labelledby="pdf-2408.04936">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2408.04936v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2408.04936" aria-labelledby="html-2408.04936" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2408.04936" title="Other formats" id="oth-2408.04936" aria-labelledby="oth-2408.04936">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Hybrid lunar ISRU plant: a comparative analysis with carbothermal reduction and water extraction </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ikeya,+K">Kosuke Ikeya</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Guerrero-Gonzalez,+F+J">Francisco J. Guerrero-Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kiewiet,+L">Luca Kiewiet</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cardin,+M">Michel-Alexandre Cardin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cilliers,+J">Jan Cilliers</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Starr,+S">Stanley Starr</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hadler,+K">Kathryn Hadler</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 29 pages, 22 figures, 8 tables, accepted by Acta Astronautica </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)</span>; Systems and Control (eess.SY) </div> <p class='mathjax'> To establish a self-sustained human presence in space and to explore deeper into the solar system, extensive research has been conducted on In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) systems. Past studies have proposed and researched many technologies to produce oxygen from regolith, such as carbothermal reduction and water extraction from icy regolith, to utilize it for astronauts' life support and as the propellant of space systems. However, determining the most promising technology remains challenging due to uncertainties in the lunar environment and processing methods. To better understand the lunar environment and ISRU operations, it is crucial to gather more information. Motivated by this need for information gathering, this paper proposes a new ISRU plant architecture integrating carbothermal reduction of dry regolith and water extraction from icy regolith. Two different hybrid plant architectures integrating both technologies (1) in parallel and (2) in series are examined. The former involves mining and processing in both a Permanently Shadowed Region (PSR) and a peak of eternal light in parallel, while the latter solely mines in a PSR. In this series hybrid architecture, the dry regolith tailings from water extraction are further processed by carbothermal reduction. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the landed mass and required power of each plant architecture utilizing subsystem-level models. Furthermore, based on uncertain parameters such as resource content in regolith, the potential performance range of each plant was discovered through Monte Carlo simulations. The result indicates the benefit of the series hybrid architecture in terms of regolith excavation rate, while its mass cost seems the highest among the studied architectures. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item86'>[86]</a> <a href ="/abs/2408.16541" title="Abstract" id="2408.16541"> arXiv:2408.16541 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2408.16541" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2408.16541" aria-labelledby="pdf-2408.16541">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2408.16541v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2408.16541" aria-labelledby="html-2408.16541" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2408.16541" title="Other formats" id="oth-2408.16541" aria-labelledby="oth-2408.16541">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Causal Mechanisms of Subpolar Gyre Variability in CMIP6 Models </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Falkena,+S+K">Swinda K.J. Falkena</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dijkstra,+H+A">Henk A. Dijkstra</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=von+der+Heydt,+A+S">Anna S. von der Heydt</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Submitted to Earth System Dynamics </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> The subpolar gyre is at risk of crossing a tipping point under future climate change associated with the collapse of deep convection. As such tipping can have significant climate impacts, it is important to understand the mechanisms at play and how they are represented in modern climate models. In this study we use causal inference to investigate the representation of several proposed mechanisms of subpolar gyre variability in CMIP6 models. As expected, an increase in sea surface salinity or a decrease in sea surface temperature leads to an increase in mixed layer depth in nearly all CMIP6 models due to an intensification of deep convection. However, the effect of convection to modify sea surface temperature due to restratification is less well captured. In most models the deepening of the mixed layer caused by an increase of sea surface salinity, does result in a cooling of the water at intermediate depths. The feedback from the subsurface temperature through density to the strength of the subpolar gyre circulation is more ambiguous, with fewer models indicating a significant link. Those that do show a significant link, do not agree on its sign. One model (CESM2) contains all proposed mechanisms, with both a negative and delayed positive feedback loop. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item87'>[87]</a> <a href ="/abs/2409.03786" title="Abstract" id="2409.03786"> arXiv:2409.03786 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2409.03786" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2409.03786" aria-labelledby="pdf-2409.03786">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2409.03786v4" title="View HTML" id="html-2409.03786" aria-labelledby="html-2409.03786" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2409.03786" title="Other formats" id="oth-2409.03786" aria-labelledby="oth-2409.03786">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Causality in the maximally extended Reissner--Nordstr枚m spacetime with identifications </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Krasi%C5%84ski,+A">Andrzej Krasi艅ski</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 34 pages, 13 figures. Two small typos on pages 22 and 24 of the previous version corrected. Matches the published version </div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> Reports on Mathematical Physics 95, 181 - 214 (2025) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">General Physics (physics.gen-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> The maximally extended Reissner--Nordstr枚m (RN) spacetime with $e^2 < m^2$ can be interpreted either as an infinite chain of asymptotically flat regions connected by tunnels between timelike singularities or as a set of just one pair of asymptotically flat regions and one tunnel; the repetitions of this set in the infinite chain being identified. The second interpretation gives rise to the suspicion of acausality, i.e. the possibility of sending messages to one's own past. A numerical investigation of this problem was carried out in this paper and gave the following result. Let E be the initial point of a radial timelike future-directed ingoing geodesic G, lying halfway between the outer horizon and the image of the null infinity in the maximally extended RN spacetime. Let E$'$ be the first future copy of E. It was verified whether the turning point of G lies outside or inside the past light cone (PLC) of E$'$. In the second case the breach of causality does occur. It turned out that the acausality is present when $V_E$, the timelike coordinate of E, is negative with a sufficiently large $|V_E|$, and is absent with a sufficiently large $V_E > 0$. In between these values there exists a $\widetilde{V}_E$, dependent on the initial data for the geodesic, for which the turning point lies on the PLC. So, the identification does lead to acausality. Nonradial timelike and null geodesics were also investigated, and a few hitherto unknown properties of the maximal extension were revealed. For example, the singularity arc at $r = 0$ may be convex or concave, depending on the values of $m$ and $e$. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item88'>[88]</a> <a href ="/abs/2410.02933" title="Abstract" id="2410.02933"> arXiv:2410.02933 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2410.02933" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2410.02933" aria-labelledby="pdf-2410.02933">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2410.02933" title="Other formats" id="oth-2410.02933" aria-labelledby="oth-2410.02933">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Neutral pressure measurement in TCV tokamak using ASDEX-type pressure gauges </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sun,+G">G. Sun</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reimerdes,+H">H. Reimerdes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Elaian,+H">H. Elaian</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Baquero-Ruiz,+M">M. Baquero-Ruiz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gospodarczyk,+M">M. Gospodarczyk</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Noel,+M">M. Noel</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tonello,+E">E. Tonello</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Probing the neutral gas distribution at the edge of magnetic confinement fusion devices is critical for plasma exhaust studies. In the TCV tokamak, a set of ASDEX-type hot ionization pressure gauges (APGs) has been installed for fast, in-situ measurements of the neutral pressure distribution in the TCV chamber. The APGs have been calibrated against baratron pressure gauges (BGs) for pressures ranging from less than 1 mPa to several hundred mPa. A correction to account for the residual pressure in the pumped torus is proposed to improve the measurement accuracy. APG measurements in a series of plasma discharges with varied density ramp rates are analyzed and compared with the BG pressure measurements. APG measurements feature a significantly faster time response and extend the BG measurement range to lower pressures. APGs systematically measure higher neutral pressures than the BGs connected to the same TCV port, likely due to the BGs slower time response and a nonuniform neutral distribution in gauge ports during the plasma discharge. The initial APG operations in TCV have been proven successful, which validates the APG as an adequate pressure measurement technique for the upcoming TCV divertor upgrades. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item89'>[89]</a> <a href ="/abs/2410.05327" title="Abstract" id="2410.05327"> arXiv:2410.05327 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2410.05327" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2410.05327" aria-labelledby="pdf-2410.05327">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2410.05327v3" title="View HTML" id="html-2410.05327" aria-labelledby="html-2410.05327" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2410.05327" title="Other formats" id="oth-2410.05327" aria-labelledby="oth-2410.05327">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Investigating the Trade-off between Infections and Social Interactions Using a Compact Model of Endemic Infections on Networks </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thatchai,+B">Bunlang Thatchai</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Overton,+C+E">Christopher E. Overton</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=House,+T">Thomas House</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 19 pages; 7 figures </div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> Mathematics in Medical and Life Sciences, 2(1) 2025 </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)</span>; Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In many epidemiological and ecological contexts, there is a trade-off between infections and interactions. This arises because the links between individuals capable of spreading infections are also often associated with beneficial activities. Here, we consider how the presence of explicit network structure changes the optimal solution of a class of infection-interaction trade-offs. In order to do this, we develop and analyse a low-dimensional dynamical system approximating the network SIS epidemic. We find that network structure in the form of heterogeneous numbers of contacts can have a significant impact on the optimal number of contacts that comes out of a trade-off model. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item90'>[90]</a> <a href ="/abs/2411.02192" title="Abstract" id="2411.02192"> arXiv:2411.02192 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2411.02192" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2411.02192" aria-labelledby="pdf-2411.02192">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2411.02192v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2411.02192" aria-labelledby="html-2411.02192" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2411.02192" title="Other formats" id="oth-2411.02192" aria-labelledby="oth-2411.02192">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Electron-scale energy transfer due to lower hybrid waves during asymmetric reconnection </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tigik,+S+F">Sabrina F. Tigik</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Graham,+D+B">Daniel B. Graham</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Khotyaintsev,+Y+V">Yuri V. Khotyaintsev</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Revised version. Accepted for publication on the Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Space Physics (physics.space-ph)</span>; Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We use Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission data to investigate electron-scale energy transfer due to lower hybrid drift waves during magnetopause reconnection. We analyze waves observed in an electron-scale plasma mixing layer at the edge of the magnetospheric outflow. Using high-resolution 7.5 ms electron moments, we obtain an electron current density with a Nyquist frequency of ~66 Hz, sufficient to resolve most of the lower hybrid drift wave power observed in the event. We then employ wavelet analysis to evaluate <a href="http://dJ.dE" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a>, which accounts for the phase differences between the fluctuating quantities. The analysis shows that the energy exchange is localized within the plasma mixing layer, and it is highly fluctuating, with energy bouncing between waves and electrons throughout the analyzed time and frequency range. However, the cumulative sum over time indicates a net energy transfer from the waves to electrons. We observe an anomalous electron flow toward the magnetosphere, consistent with diffusion and electron mixing. These results indicate that waves and electrons interact dynamically to dissipate the excess internal energy accumulated by sharp density gradients. We conclude that the electron temperature profile within the plasma mixing layer is produced by a combination of electron diffusion across the layer, as well as heating by large-scale parallel potential and lower hybrid drift waves. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item91'>[91]</a> <a href ="/abs/2501.01811" title="Abstract" id="2501.01811"> arXiv:2501.01811 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2501.01811" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2501.01811" aria-labelledby="pdf-2501.01811">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2501.01811v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2501.01811" aria-labelledby="html-2501.01811" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2501.01811" title="Other formats" id="oth-2501.01811" aria-labelledby="oth-2501.01811">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> QuantumBind-RBFE: Accurate Relative Binding Free Energy Calculations Using Neural Network Potentials </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zariquiey,+F+S">Francesc Saban茅s Zariquiey</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Farr,+S+E">Stephen E. Farr</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Doerr,+S">Stefan Doerr</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Fabritiis,+G">Gianni De Fabritiis</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)</span>; Machine Learning (cs.LG); Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding affinities is crucial in drug discovery, particularly during hit-to-lead and lead optimization phases, however, limitations in ligand force fields continue to impact prediction accuracy. In this work, we validate relative binding free energy (RBFE) accuracy using neural network potentials (NNPs) for the ligands. We utilize a novel NNP model, AceFF 1.0, based on the TensorNet architecture for small molecules that broadens the applicability to diverse drug-like compounds, including all important chemical elements and supporting charged molecules. Using established benchmarks, we show overall improved accuracy and correlation in binding affinity predictions compared with GAFF2 for molecular mechanics and ANI2-x for NNPs. Slightly less accuracy but comparable correlations with OPLS4. We also show that we can run the NNP simulations at 2 fs timestep, at least two times larger than previous NNP models, providing significant speed gains. The results show promise for further evolutions of free energy calculations using NNPs while demonstrating its practical use already with the current generation. The code and NNP model are publicly available for research use. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item92'>[92]</a> <a href ="/abs/2501.03648" title="Abstract" id="2501.03648"> arXiv:2501.03648 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2501.03648" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2501.03648" aria-labelledby="pdf-2501.03648">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2501.03648v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2501.03648" aria-labelledby="html-2501.03648" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2501.03648" title="Other formats" id="oth-2501.03648" aria-labelledby="oth-2501.03648">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Observations of Turbulence and Particle Transport at Interplanetary Shocks: Transition of Transport Regimes </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhao,+S">Siqi Zhao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yan,+H">Huirong Yan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+T+Z">Terry Z. Liu</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> accepted by ApJ; 19 pages, 9 Figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)</span>; Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP); Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR); Space Physics (physics.space-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> The transport of energetic particles is intimately related to the properties of plasma turbulence, a ubiquitous dynamic process that transfers energy across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the mechanisms governing the interactions between plasma turbulence and energetic particles remain incompletely understood. Here we present comprehensive observations from the upstream region of a quasi-perpendicular interplanetary (IP) shock on 2004 January 22, using data from four Cluster spacecraft to investigate the interplay between turbulence dynamics and energetic particle transport. Our observations reveal a transition in energetic proton fluxes from exponential to power-law decay with increasing distance from the IP shock. This result provides possible observational evidence of a shift in transport behavior from normal diffusion to superdiffusion. This transition correlates with an increase in the time ratio from $\tau_s/\tau_{c}<1$ to $\tau_s/\tau_{c}\gg1$, where $\tau_s$ is the proton isotropization time, and $\tau_{c}$ is the turbulence correlation time. Additionally, the frequency-wavenumber distributions of magnetic energy in the power-law decay zone indicate that energetic particles excite linear Alfv茅n-like harmonic waves through gyroresonance, thereby modulating the original turbulence structure. These findings provide valuable insights for future studies on the propagation and acceleration of energetic particles in turbulent astrophysical and space plasma systems. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item93'>[93]</a> <a href ="/abs/2501.10550" title="Abstract" id="2501.10550"> arXiv:2501.10550 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2501.10550" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2501.10550" aria-labelledby="pdf-2501.10550">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2501.10550v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2501.10550" aria-labelledby="html-2501.10550" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2501.10550" title="Other formats" id="oth-2501.10550" aria-labelledby="oth-2501.10550">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Measurement of the mean excitation energy of liquid argon </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Strait,+M">M. Strait</a> (Fermilab)</div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Prepared for submission to JINST </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> The mean excitation energy (I-value) of liquid argon is a critical input for energy estimation in neutrino oscillation experiments. It is measured to be $(205\pm4)$\,eV using the range of 402.2\,MeV protons from the Fermilab Linac. This compares to the author's recent evaluation of $(197\pm 7)$\,eV based on a combination of an oscillator strength distribution analysis, gaseous argon range measurements, sparse stopping power data on solid argon, and an extrapolation of data on the effect of phase from other substances. Using all sources of information, we recommend a value of $(203.0\pm3.2)$\,eV for liquid argon, which is significantly higher than 188\,eV, from ICRU-37's gaseous argon evaluation, commonly used in Monte Carlo codes such as \textsc{Geant4}. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item94'>[94]</a> <a href ="/abs/2501.17042" title="Abstract" id="2501.17042"> arXiv:2501.17042 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2501.17042" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2501.17042" aria-labelledby="pdf-2501.17042">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2501.17042v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2501.17042" aria-labelledby="html-2501.17042" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2501.17042" title="Other formats" id="oth-2501.17042" aria-labelledby="oth-2501.17042">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Emergence of network communities driven by local rules </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vazquez,+A">Alexei Vazquez</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 9 pages, 13 figures, 1 table. Added network generative models and community detection methods </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)</span>; Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn); Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM); Social and Information Networks (cs.SI); Combinatorics (math.CO) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Natural systems are modeled by networks with nodes and links. Often the nodes are segregated into communities with different connectivity patterns. Node heterogeneity such as political affiliation in social networks or biological function in gene networks are highlighted as key factors driving the segregation of nodes into communities. Here I demonstrate that node heterogeneity is not a necessary requirement. To this end I introduce the Ramsey community number, $r_ \kappa$, the minimum graph size that warranties the emergence of network communities with almost certainty. Using the stochastic block model for community detection with correction for degree sequence, I show that networks generated by local rules have finite $r_ \kappa$ values while their randomized versions do not have emergent communities. I conclude that network communities are an emergent property of networks evolving with local rules. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item95'>[95]</a> <a href ="/abs/2502.17369" title="Abstract" id="2502.17369"> arXiv:2502.17369 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2502.17369" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2502.17369" aria-labelledby="pdf-2502.17369">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2502.17369v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2502.17369" aria-labelledby="html-2502.17369" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2502.17369" title="Other formats" id="oth-2502.17369" aria-labelledby="oth-2502.17369">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> A novel microfluidic method to produce monodisperse micrometer bubbles </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rubio,+A">A. Rubio</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rodr%C3%ADguez-Aparicio,+S">S. Rodr铆guez-Aparicio</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Montanero,+J+M">J. M. Montanero</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cabezas,+M+G">M. G. Cabezas</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> This paper has been submitted to International Journal of Multiphase Flow </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> We present a novel microfluidic method to produce quasi-monodisperse bubbles with diameters from tens to very few microns. A gaseous rivulet flows over the shallow groove printed on a T-junction exit channel. The triple contact line delimiting the rivulet is pinned to the groove edges. The rivulet breaks up into bubbles much smaller than the exit channel. When operating under adequate conditions, the flow transitions toward a singular mode where the rivulet remains quasi-static and emits bubbles smaller than the groove width. This allows the production of bubbles with diameters in the 3-5 $\mu$m range, which is preferable for relevant therapeutical applications. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item96'>[96]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.09016" title="Abstract" id="2503.09016"> arXiv:2503.09016 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.09016" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.09016" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.09016">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.09016v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.09016" aria-labelledby="html-2503.09016" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.09016" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.09016" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.09016">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Mechanisms of proton irradiation-induced defects on the electrical performance of 4H-SiC PIN detectors </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li,+Z">Zaiyi. Li</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+X">Xiyuan. Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+C">Congcong. Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Qu,+H">Haolan. Qu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chen,+J">Jiaxiang. Chen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+P">Peilian. Liu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xiao,+S">Suyu. Xiao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xinbo.Zou">Xinbo.Zou</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lu,+H">Hai. Lu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shi,+X">Xin. Shi</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 10pages,12figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)</span>; High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Silicon Carbide (SiC) demonstrates significant potential for high-energy particle detection in complex radiation environments due to its exceptional radiation resistance, excellent environmental adaptability, and fast response time. Compared to silicon (Si) detectors, SiC detectors exhibit distinct radiation resistance characteristics depending on the type of radiation exposure. Here, the mechanism of the impact of 80MeV proton irradiation on the electrical performance of 4H-SiC PIN devices is <a href="http://reported.Deep" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a> Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and Time-Resolved Photoluminescence (TRPL) were utilized to analyze the defect characteristics and minority carrier lifetime of 4H-SiC detectors before and after irradiation, respectively. A Deep-Level Compensation Model (DLCM) was established using open source TCAD simulation tools RAdiation SEmiconductoR (RASER) to investigate mechanism responsible for the decrease in leakage current with rising radiation intensity, as well as the constant-capacitance behavior exhibited under proton irradiation up to $7.8\times10^{14} n_{eq}/cm^2$. The establishment of the physical model opens the door for the study of the influence mechanism of irradiation defects on SiC particle detectors. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item97'>[97]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.15775" title="Abstract" id="2503.15775"> arXiv:2503.15775 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.15775" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.15775" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.15775">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2503.15775" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.15775" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.15775">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Fast Calculation of Nonuniform Plane Waves at Arbitrarily Oriented and Charged Planar Interfaces of Isotropic Lossy Media </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lin,+Z">Zhili Lin</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 10 pages, 3 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> A fast method for calculating the reflected and transmitted waves for a given nonuniform plane wave incident on an arbitrarily oriented and charged planar interface between two isotropic and possibly lossy media is proposed based on the decomposition of the complex wave vector and complex wave numbers with respect to the unit normal vector of the interface. According to the complex vector analysis, the exact definition of the complex angles of incidence, reflection and refraction are presented and applied in the complex forms of Snell's law and Fresnel equations to quickly and correctly calculate the complex wave vectors and the complex electric fields of the reflected and refracted waves at a charged interface where the surface charge and current densities are considered. The calculation procedure and two practical examples are also given to demonstrate the validity and powerfulness of the proposed methodology. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item98'>[98]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.17420" title="Abstract" id="2503.17420"> arXiv:2503.17420 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.17420" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.17420" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.17420">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2503.17420" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.17420" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.17420">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Vector Laplacian in Spherical Coordinates: An Unnoticed Typo in Landau and Lifshitz's Fluid Mechanics Course </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lebedev-Stepanov,+P">Peter Lebedev-Stepanov</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 8 pages, 2 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> A previously unaccounted fundamental typo has been discovered in Course of Theoretical Physics, vol. 6, by Landau and Lifshitz Fluid Mechanics, 1987, Pergamon, which corresponds to the same typo in the Russian original of this book. This concerns the first of the Navier-Stokes equations in spherical coordinates (15.21), which includes the radial component of the vector Laplacian, namely, an extra square in the denominator of the sine. This error migrates to secondary publications and can complicate theoretical studies related to the application of the Navier-Stokes equations, which the author of this note has encountered first-hand. This typo is not present in An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics by Batchelor. The present short article makes a detailed derivation of the radial component of the vector Laplacian from general principles to show what the corresponding Navier-Stokes equation should look like, and that the typo is indeed present. In addition, more compact equivalent forms of the Navier-Stokes equations in spherical coordinates are proposed. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item99'>[99]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.19623" title="Abstract" id="2503.19623"> arXiv:2503.19623 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.19623" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.19623" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.19623">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.19623v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.19623" aria-labelledby="html-2503.19623" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.19623" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.19623" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.19623">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Taylor dispersion in variable-density, variable-viscosity pulsatile flows </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rajamanickam,+P">Prabakaran Rajamanickam</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weiss,+A+D">Adam D. Weiss</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> The phenomenon of Taylor or shear-induced dispersion of a non-passive scalar field in a pulsatile pipe flow is investigated, accounting for the scalar field's influence on fluid density and transport coefficients. By employing multiple scale analysis, an effective one-dimensional, unsteady mixing problem for the scalar field is obtained, which includes the diffusion coefficient for shear-induced dispersion. The resulting governing equations are applicable to a range of scalar transport problems in pulsatile pipe flows. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item100'>[100]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.22167" title="Abstract" id="2503.22167"> arXiv:2503.22167 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.22167" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.22167" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.22167">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2503.22167" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.22167" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.22167">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Polarization Decoupling Multi-Port Beam-Splitting Metasurface for Miniaturized Magneto-Optical Trap </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tian,+T">Tian Tian</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Qing,+C">Chen Qing</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liao,+Y">Yuxuan Liao</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhu,+J">Jiajun Zhu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li,+Y">Yongzhuo Li</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Feng,+X">Xue Feng</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+D">Dengke Zhang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Huang,+Y">Yidong Huang</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Optics (physics.optics)</span>; Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In regular magneto-optical trap (MOT) systems, the delivery of six circularly polarized (CP) cooling beams requires complex and bulky optical arrangements including waveplates, mirrors, retroreflectors, etc. To address such technique challenges, we have proposed a beam delivery system for miniaturized MOT entirely based on meta-devices. The key component is a novel multi-port beam-splitting (PD-MPBS) metasurface that relies on both propagation phase and geometric phase. The fabricated samples exhibit high beam-splitting power uniformity (within 4.4%) and polarization purities (91.29%~93.15%). By leveraging such beam-splitting device as well as reflective beam-expanding meta-device, an integrated six-beam delivery system for miniaturized MOT application has been implemented. The experimental results indicate that six expanded beams have been successfully delivered with uniform power (within 9.5%), the desired CP configuration and large overlapping volume (76.2 mm^3). We believe that a miniaturized MOT with the proposed beam delivery system is very promising for portable application of cold atom technology in precision measurement, atomic clock, quantum simulation and computing, etc. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item101'>[101]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.22842" title="Abstract" id="2503.22842"> arXiv:2503.22842 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.22842" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.22842" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.22842">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.22842v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.22842" aria-labelledby="html-2503.22842" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.22842" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.22842" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.22842">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Numerical limits in the integration of Vlasov-Poisson equation for Cold Dark Matter </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cappelli,+L">Luca Cappelli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Murante,+G">Giuseppe Murante</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Borgani,+S">Stefano Borgani</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bulgarelli,+A">Andrea Bulgarelli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Parmiggiani,+N">Nicol貌 Parmiggiani</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Meneghetti,+M">Massimo Meneghetti</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Burigana,+C">Carlo Burigana</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Trombetti,+T">Tiziana Trombetti</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sarracino,+G">Giuseppe Sarracino</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Testa,+V">Vincenzo Testa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Farina,+F">Farida Farina</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rizzo,+A">Alessandro Rizzo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schillir%C3%B2,+F">Francesco Schillir貌</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cardone,+V+F">Vincenzo Fabrizio Cardone</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Scaramella,+R">Roberto Scaramella</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 9 pages, 5 figure. Presented at PDP 2025 conference </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> The Vlasov-Poisson systems of equations (VP) describes the evolution of a distribution of collisionless particles under the effect of a collective-field potential. VP is at the basis of the study of the gravitational instability of cosmological density perturbations in Dark-Matter (DM), but its range of application extends to other fields, such as plasma physics. <br>In the case of Cold Dark Matter, a single velocity is associated with each fluid-element (or particle) , the initial condition presents a stiff discontinuity. This creates problems such as diffusion or negative distribution function when a grid based method is used to solve VP. In this work we want to highlight this problem, focusing on the technical aspects of this phenomenon. By comparing different finite volume methods and a spectral method we observe that, while all integration schemes preserve the invariants of the system (e.g, energy), the physical observable of interest, i.e., the density, is not correctly reproduced. We thus compare the density obtained with the different Eulerian integration schemes with the result obtained from a reference N-body method. We point out that the most suitable method to solve the VP system for a self-gravitating system is a spectral method. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item102'>[102]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.23515" title="Abstract" id="2503.23515"> arXiv:2503.23515 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.23515" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.23515" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.23515">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.23515v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.23515" aria-labelledby="html-2503.23515" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.23515" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.23515" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.23515">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Optimal Invariant Bases for Atomistic Machine Learning </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Allen,+A+E+A">Alice E. A. Allen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shinkle,+E">Emily Shinkle</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bujack,+R">Roxana Bujack</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lubbers,+N">Nicholas Lubbers</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Update cross-reference to companion paper </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)</span>; Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Machine Learning (stat.ML) </div> <p class='mathjax'> The representation of atomic configurations for machine learning models has led to the development of numerous descriptors, often to describe the local environment of atoms. However, many of these representations are incomplete and/or functionally dependent. Incomplete descriptor sets are unable to represent all meaningful changes in the atomic environment. Complete constructions of atomic environment descriptors, on the other hand, often suffer from a high degree of functional dependence, where some descriptors can be written as functions of the others. These redundant descriptors do not provide additional power to discriminate between different atomic environments and increase the computational burden. By employing techniques from the pattern recognition literature to existing atomistic representations, we remove descriptors that are functions of other descriptors to produce the smallest possible set that satisfies completeness. We apply this in two ways: first we refine an existing description, the Atomistic Cluster Expansion. We show that this yields a more efficient subset of descriptors. Second, we augment an incomplete construction based on a scalar neural network, yielding a new message-passing network architecture that can recognize up to 5-body patterns in each neuron by taking advantage of an optimal set of Cartesian tensor invariants. This architecture shows strong accuracy on state-of-the-art benchmarks while retaining low computational cost. Our results not only yield improved models, but point the way to classes of invariant bases that minimize cost while maximizing expressivity for a host of applications. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item103'>[103]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.24030" title="Abstract" id="2503.24030"> arXiv:2503.24030 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.24030" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.24030" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.24030">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.24030v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.24030" aria-labelledby="html-2503.24030" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.24030" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.24030" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.24030">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Jacquetium: a new, naturally-occurring chemical element </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Jacquet,+E">Emmanuel Jacquet</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Journal of Improbable Science, 2025 yearly (April 1) issue </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)</span>; Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) </div> <p class='mathjax'> I report the discovery of jacquetium ($_0$Jq), the first naturally occurring element found since more than 80 years. It is volumically the most important element of the local Universe. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item104'>[104]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.24134" title="Abstract" id="2503.24134"> arXiv:2503.24134 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.24134" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.24134" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.24134">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.24134v3" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.24134" aria-labelledby="html-2503.24134" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.24134" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.24134" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.24134">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Moving mesh FSI approach for VIV simulation based on DG method with AMR technique </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zou,+J">Jia-Jun Zou</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+Y">Yun-Long Liu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kong,+Q">Qi Kong</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang,+A">A-Man Zhang</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) remains a fundamental yet computationally <br>challenging problem in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This study develops a moving mesh Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) algorithm within a Runge-Kutta <br>Discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) framework. The viscous term in the compressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations is discretized using <br>the high-order Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin (IPDG) <br>method. In addition to the above, key numerical advancements encompass <br>the rigorous derivation of the Lax-Friedrichs (L-F) numerical flux formulation <br>tailored for moving meshes, an enhanced AMR-driven nodal correction <br>methodology designed for curved surface geometries, <br>and the implementation of a ghost-node boundary condition treatment scheme <br>to address dynamic mesh motion. Numerical validation proceeds through three phases: <br>First, Couette flow simulations confirm the IPDG method's spatial <br>convergence order. Subsequent analysis of unsteady flow past a cylinder <br>demonstrate the AMR framework's efficacy in resolving vortex-dominated flow. <br>Finally, six VIV benchmark cases are simulated using third-order IPDG discretization, <br>establishing the proposed FSI algorithm's accuracy. Furthermore, synthetic jets (SJs) flow control is investigated through <br>four frequency-variant SJs configurations. The results reveal that SJs can achieve completely <br>VIV suppression at a low actuation frequency, while higher actuation <br>frequencies reduce suppression efficiency due <br>to the energy of the SJs is more in the form of acoustic wave. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item105'>[105]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.00953" title="Abstract" id="2504.00953"> arXiv:2504.00953 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2504.00953" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.00953" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.00953">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.00953" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.00953" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.00953">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Loop Stirling engines </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Deng,+M">Minghao Deng</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 15pages, 15figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)</span> </div> <p class='mathjax'> The Stirling engine is a type of heat engine known as its high efficiency. It is applied in solar thermal power, cogeneration, space nuclear power, and other fields. Although there are many different types of Stirling engines, their airflow paths are always linear. This article designs two types of Stirling engines with loop airflow path: the O-type engines without regenerator and the 8-type engines with regenerator. The modeling and simulation of the O-type engines show its excellent performance compared with the conventional Stirling engine. At the same time, its design without regenerator makes it more practical and has greater potential in terms of power. The 8-type engines use its unique 8-type airflow path to allow gas to enter the regenerator in advance, eliminating the almost useless four heat exchanges, resulting in higher thermal efficiency and better robustness. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item106'>[106]</a> <a href ="/abs/2404.14262" title="Abstract" id="2404.14262"> arXiv:2404.14262 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2404.14262" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2404.14262" aria-labelledby="pdf-2404.14262">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2404.14262v4" title="View HTML" id="html-2404.14262" aria-labelledby="html-2404.14262" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2404.14262" title="Other formats" id="oth-2404.14262" aria-labelledby="oth-2404.14262">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Photon distillation schemes with reduced resource costs based on multiphoton Fourier interference </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Somhorst,+F">F.H.B. Somhorst</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Sau%C3%ABr,+B">B.K. Sau毛r</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=van+den+Hoven,+S">S.N. van den Hoven</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/quant-ph?searchtype=author&query=Renema,+J">J.J. Renema</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Accepted version. Related work in <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.14217" data-arxiv-id="2404.14217" class="link-https">arXiv:2404.14217</a> </div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 044003 (2025) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Quantum Physics (quant-ph)</span>; Optics (physics.optics) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We present a scalable scheme to achieve photon distillation, i.e. the preparation of a single photon with reduced indistinguishability error out of multiple imperfect photons, based on multiphoton interference in Fourier matrices. Our scheme achieves arbitrary error reduction in a single step, removing the need to concatenate multiple rounds of the protocol. Our scheme has resource costs linear in the error reduction, and a constant probability of success for arbitrary error reductions. We find that the scheme both raises the threshold of error correcting codes in photonic quantum computers, as well as reduces the resources required to construct a photonic quantum computer, making it highly promising for implementation in such devices. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item107'>[107]</a> <a href ="/abs/2407.15242" title="Abstract" id="2407.15242"> arXiv:2407.15242 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2407.15242" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2407.15242" aria-labelledby="pdf-2407.15242">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2407.15242v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2407.15242" aria-labelledby="html-2407.15242" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2407.15242" title="Other formats" id="oth-2407.15242" aria-labelledby="oth-2407.15242">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Low-energy interband Kondo bound states in orbital-selective Mott phases </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+J">Jia-Ming Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Chen,+Y">Yin Chen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Tian,+Y">Yi-Heng Tian</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=He,+R">Rong-Qiang He</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Lu,+Z">Zhong-Yi Lu</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 8 pages, 7 figures </div> <div class='list-journal-ref'><span class='descriptor'>Journal-ref:</span> Phys. Rev. B 111, 155107 (2025) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)</span>; Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Low-energy excitations in correlated electron systems may show intricate behaviors and provide essential insights into the dynamics of quantum states and phase transitions. Here, we study a typical half-filled two-orbital Hubbard model featuring the so-called holon-doublon (HD) low-energy excitations in the orbital-selective Mott phase (OSMP), where the principal form of the low-energy excitations has been considered to be a HD bound state. We employ standard single-site dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT), using NORG as an improved impurity solver to calculate the spectral functions at zero temperature. We show that the HD bound state gives an incomplete or even wrong picture for the low-energy excitations. Instead, the excitations are composed of a Kondo-like state in the wide band and a doublon in the narrow band, termed as inter-band Kondo-like (IBK) bound states. Remarkably, we find that, as the bandwidths of the two bands approach each other, anomalous IBK bound-state excitations appear in the metallic {\em wide} band. Our study provides a new picture for the low-energy excitations in the OSMP. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item108'>[108]</a> <a href ="/abs/2408.01581" title="Abstract" id="2408.01581"> arXiv:2408.01581 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2408.01581" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2408.01581" aria-labelledby="pdf-2408.01581">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2408.01581v3" title="View HTML" id="html-2408.01581" aria-labelledby="html-2408.01581" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2408.01581" title="Other formats" id="oth-2408.01581" aria-labelledby="oth-2408.01581">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Huge Ensembles Part II: Properties of a Huge Ensemble of Hindcasts Generated with Spherical Fourier Neural Operators </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Mahesh,+A">Ankur Mahesh</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Collins,+W">William Collins</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bonev,+B">Boris Bonev</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Brenowitz,+N">Noah Brenowitz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Cohen,+Y">Yair Cohen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Harrington,+P">Peter Harrington</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Kashinath,+K">Karthik Kashinath</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Kurth,+T">Thorsten Kurth</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=North,+J">Joshua North</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=OBrien,+T">Travis OBrien</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Pritchard,+M">Michael Pritchard</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Pruitt,+D">David Pruitt</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Risser,+M">Mark Risser</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Subramanian,+S">Shashank Subramanian</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Willard,+J">Jared Willard</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Machine Learning (cs.LG)</span>; Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In Part I, we created an ensemble based on Spherical Fourier Neural Operators. As initial condition perturbations, we used bred vectors, and as model perturbations, we used multiple checkpoints trained independently from scratch. Based on diagnostics that assess the ensemble's physical fidelity, our ensemble has comparable performance to operational weather forecasting systems. However, it requires orders of magnitude fewer computational resources. Here in Part II, we generate a huge ensemble (HENS), with 7,424 members initialized each day of summer 2023. We enumerate the technical requirements for running huge ensembles at this scale. HENS precisely samples the tails of the forecast distribution and presents a detailed sampling of internal variability. HENS has two primary applications: (1) as a large dataset with which to study the statistics and drivers of extreme weather and (2) as a weather forecasting system. For extreme climate statistics, HENS samples events 4$\sigma$ away from the ensemble mean. At each grid cell, HENS increases the skill of the most accurate ensemble member and enhances coverage of possible future trajectories. As a weather forecasting model, HENS issues extreme weather forecasts with better uncertainty quantification. It also reduces the probability of outlier events, in which the verification value lies outside the ensemble forecast distribution. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item109'>[109]</a> <a href ="/abs/2408.14239" title="Abstract" id="2408.14239"> arXiv:2408.14239 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2408.14239" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2408.14239" aria-labelledby="pdf-2408.14239">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2408.14239v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2408.14239" aria-labelledby="html-2408.14239" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2408.14239" title="Other formats" id="oth-2408.14239" aria-labelledby="oth-2408.14239">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Localized tension-induced giant folding in unstructured elastic sheets </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Guo,+K">Kexin Guo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Su%C3%B1%C3%A9,+M">Marc Su帽茅</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Li,+K+M">Kwok Ming Li</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Hsia,+K+J">K. Jimmy Hsia</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+M">Mingchao Liu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Vella,+D">Dominic Vella</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 8 pages and 4 figures of main text; 14 pages of supplementary information </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)</span>; Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Buckling in compression is the archetype of elastic instability: when compressed along its longest dimension, a thin structure such as a playing card will buckle out-of-plane accommodating the imposed compression without a significant change of length. However, recent studies have demonstrated that tension applied to sheets with microscopic structure leads to out-of-plane deformation in applications from `groovy metasheets' for multi-stable morphing to kirigami grippers. Here, we demonstrate that this counter-intuitive behavior -- a large transverse folding induced by a relatively small imposed longitudinal tension -- occurs also in unstructured sheets of isotropic material. The key to this behavior is that a localized uniaxial tension induces giant folding; we refer to this as `localized TUG folding' to reflect the importance of localized tension and its mode of actuation. We show that localized TUG folding occurs because of an efficient transfer of applied tensile load into compression -- a geometric consequence of a localized applied tension. We determine scaling results for the folding angle as a function of applied strain in agreement with both experiments and simulations. The generic nature of localized TUG folding suggests that it might be utilized in a broader range of materials and structures than previously realized. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item110'>[110]</a> <a href ="/abs/2409.06417" title="Abstract" id="2409.06417"> arXiv:2409.06417 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2409.06417" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2409.06417" aria-labelledby="pdf-2409.06417">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2409.06417v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2409.06417" aria-labelledby="html-2409.06417" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2409.06417" title="Other formats" id="oth-2409.06417" aria-labelledby="oth-2409.06417">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Fast nonparametric inference of network backbones for weighted graph sparsification </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Kirkley,+A">Alec Kirkley</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)</span>; Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Network backbones provide useful sparse representations of weighted networks by keeping only their most important links, permitting a range of computational speedups and simplifying network visualizations. A key limitation of existing network backboning methods is that they either require the specification of a free parameter (e.g. significance level) that determines the number of edges to keep in the backbone, or impose specific restrictions on the topology of the backbone (e.g. that it is a spanning tree). Here we develop a completely nonparametric framework for inferring the backbone of a weighted network that overcomes these limitations and automatically selects the optimal set of edges to retain using the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle. We develop objective functions for global and local network backboning which evaluate the importance of an edge in the context of the whole network and individual node neighborhoods respectively and are generalizable to any weight distribution under canonical and microcanonical Bayesian model specifications. We then construct an efficient and provably optimal greedy algorithm to identify the backbone minimizing our objectives for a large class of weight distributions, whose runtime complexity is log-linear in the number of edges. We demonstrate our methods by comparing them with existing methods in a range of tasks on real and synthetic networks, finding that both the global and local backboning methods can preserve network connectivity, weight heterogeneity, and spreading dynamics while removing a substantial fraction of edges. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item111'>[111]</a> <a href ="/abs/2409.11433" title="Abstract" id="2409.11433"> arXiv:2409.11433 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2409.11433" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2409.11433" aria-labelledby="pdf-2409.11433">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2409.11433v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2409.11433" aria-labelledby="html-2409.11433" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2409.11433" title="Other formats" id="oth-2409.11433" aria-labelledby="oth-2409.11433">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Ergodicity shapes inference in biological reactions driven by a latent trajectory </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=de+Figueiredo,+B+G">Benjamin Garcia de Figueiredo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Calabrese,+J+M">Justin M. Calabrese</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Fagan,+W+F">William F. Fagan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Martinez-Garcia,+R">Ricardo Martinez-Garcia</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 19 pages, 3 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)</span>; Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Many natural phenomena are quantified by counts of observable events, from the annihilation of quasiparticles in a lattice to predator-prey encounters on a landscape to spikes in a neural network. These events are triggered at random intervals, when an underlying, often unobserved and therefore latent, dynamical system occupies a set of reactive states within its phase space. We show how the ergodicity of this latent dynamical system, i.e. existence of a well-behaved limiting stationary distribution, constrains the statistics of the reaction counts. This formulation makes explicit the conditions under which the counting process approaches a limiting Poisson process, a subject of debate in the application of counting processes to different fields. We show that the overdispersal relative to this limit encodes properties of the latent trajectory through its hitting times. These results set bounds on how information about a latent process can be inferred from a local detector, which we explore for two biophysical scenarios. First, in estimating an animal's activity level by how often it crosses a detector, we show how the mean count can fail to give any information on movement parameters, which are encoded in higher order moments. Second, we show how the variance of the inter-reaction time sets a fundamental limit on how precisely the size of a population of trajectories can be inferred by a detector, vastly generalizing the Berg-Purcell limit for chemosensation. Overall, we develop a flexible theoretical framework to quantify inter-event time distributions in reaction-diffusion systems that clarifies existing debates in the literature and explicitly shows which properties of latent processes can be inferred from observed reactions. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item112'>[112]</a> <a href ="/abs/2409.13674" title="Abstract" id="2409.13674"> arXiv:2409.13674 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2409.13674" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2409.13674" aria-labelledby="pdf-2409.13674">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2409.13674v3" title="View HTML" id="html-2409.13674" aria-labelledby="html-2409.13674" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2409.13674" title="Other formats" id="oth-2409.13674" aria-labelledby="oth-2409.13674">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Topological Components in a Community Currency Network </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/econ?searchtype=author&query=Criscione,+T">Teodoro Criscione</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Version Submitted Before Peer-review. An updated peer-reviewed version is available for download at Oxford Journal of Complex Networks </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">General Economics (econ.GN)</span>; Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Transaction data from digital payment systems can be used to study economic processes in such detail that was not possible previously. Here, data from the Sarafu token network, a Community Inclusion Currency in Kenya, is analysed. During the COVID-19 emergency, Sarafu was distributed as part of a humanitarian aid project. In this work, the transactions are analysed using network science. A topological categorisation is defined to identify cyclic and acyclic components. Furthermore, temporal aspects of the circulation that takes place within these components are considered. The significant presence of different types of strongly connected components compared to randomised null models shows the importance of cycles in this economic network. Especially, indicating their key role in currency recirculation. In some acyclic components, the most significant triad suggests the presence of a group of users collecting currency from accounts that are active only once, hinting at a possible misuse of the system. In some other acyclic components, small isolated groups of users were active only once, suggesting the presence of users only interested in trying the system out. The methods used in this paper can answer specific questions related to user activities, currency design, and assessment of monetary interventions. The methodology provides a general quantitative tool to analyse the behaviour of users in a currency network. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item113'>[113]</a> <a href ="/abs/2410.08050" title="Abstract" id="2410.08050"> arXiv:2410.08050 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2410.08050" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2410.08050" aria-labelledby="pdf-2410.08050">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2410.08050v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2410.08050" aria-labelledby="html-2410.08050" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2410.08050" title="Other formats" id="oth-2410.08050" aria-labelledby="oth-2410.08050">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Agent-based modeling for realistic reproduction of human mobility and contact behavior to evaluate test and isolation strategies in epidemic infectious disease spread </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Kerkmann,+D">David Kerkmann</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Korf,+S">Sascha Korf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Nguyen,+K">Khoa Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Abele,+D">Daniel Abele</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Schengen,+A">Alain Schengen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Gerstein,+C">Carlotta Gerstein</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=G%C3%B6bbert,+J+H">Jens Henrik G枚bbert</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Basermann,+A">Achim Basermann</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=K%C3%BChn,+M+J">Martin J. K眉hn</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Meyer-Hermann,+M">Michael Meyer-Hermann</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 40 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Elsevier </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)</span>; Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC); Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Agent-based models have proven to be useful tools in supporting decision-making processes in different application domains. The advent of modern computers and supercomputers has enabled these bottom-up approaches to realistically model human mobility and contact behavior. The COVID-19 pandemic showcased the urgent need for detailed and informative models that can answer research questions on transmission dynamics. We present a sophisticated agent-based model to simulate the spread of respiratory diseases. The model is highly modularized and can be used on various scales, from a small collection of buildings up to cities or countries. Although not being the focus of this paper, the model has undergone performance engineering on a single core and provides an efficient intra- and inter-simulation parallelization for time-critical decision-making processes. <br>In order to allow answering research questions on individual level resolution, nonpharmaceutical intervention strategies such as face masks or venue closures can be implemented for particular locations or agents. In particular, we allow for sophisticated testing and isolation strategies to study the effects of minimal-invasive infectious disease mitigation. With realistic human mobility patterns for the region of Brunswick, Germany, we study the effects of different interventions between March 1st and May 30, 2021 in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Our analyses suggest that symptom-independent testing has limited impact on the mitigation of disease dynamics if the dark figure in symptomatic cases is high. Furthermore, we found that quarantine length is more important than quarantine efficiency but that, with sufficient symptomatic control, also short quarantines can have a substantial effect. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item114'>[114]</a> <a href ="/abs/2411.00607" title="Abstract" id="2411.00607"> arXiv:2411.00607 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2411.00607" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2411.00607" aria-labelledby="pdf-2411.00607">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2411.00607v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2411.00607" aria-labelledby="html-2411.00607" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2411.00607" title="Other formats" id="oth-2411.00607" aria-labelledby="oth-2411.00607">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Characterization of more than three years of in-orbit radiation damage of SiPMs on GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ripa,+J">Jakub Ripa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Dafcikova,+M">Marianna Dafcikova</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Kosik,+P">Pavel Kosik</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Munz,+F">Filip Munz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ohno,+M">Masanori Ohno</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Galgoczi,+G">Gabor Galgoczi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Werner,+N">Norbert Werner</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Pal,+A">Andras Pal</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Meszaros,+L">Laszlo Meszaros</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Csak,+B">Balazs Csak</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Fukazawa,+Y">Yasushi Fukazawa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Takahashi,+H">Hiromitsu Takahashi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Mizuno,+T">Tsunefumi Mizuno</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Nakazawa,+K">Kazuhiro Nakazawa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Odaka,+H">Hirokazu Odaka</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ichinohe,+Y">Yuto Ichinohe</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Kapus,+J">Jakub Kapus</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hudec,+J">Jan Hudec</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Frajt,+M">Marcel Frajt</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Rezenov,+M">Maksim Rezenov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Daniel,+V">Vladimir Daniel</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Svoboda,+P">Petr Svoboda</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Dudas,+J">Juraj Dudas</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Sabol,+M">Martin Sabol</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Laszlo,+R">Robert Laszlo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Koleda,+M">Martin Koleda</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Duriskova,+M">Michaela Duriskova</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Szakszonova,+L">Lea Szakszonova</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Kolar,+M">Martin Kolar</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Husarikova,+N">Nikola Husarikova</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Breuer,+J">Jean-Paul Breuer</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hroch,+F">Filip Hroch</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Vitek,+T">Tomas Vitek</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Vertat,+I">Ivo Vertat</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Urbanec,+T">Tomas Urbanec</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Povalac,+A">Ales Povalac</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Kasal,+M">Miroslav Kasal</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hanak,+P">Peter Hanak</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=smelko,+M">Miroslav smelko</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Topinka,+M">Martin Topinka</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chang,+H">Hsiang-Kuang Chang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Liu,+T">Tsung-Che Liu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Lin,+C">Chih-Hsun Lin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hu,+C">Chin-Ping Hu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tsao,+C">Che-Chih Tsao</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, 17 pages, 18 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)</span>; Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are prone to radiation damage which causes an increase of dark count rate. This leads to an increase in low-energy threshold in a gamma-ray detector combining SiPM and a scintillator. Despite this drawback, they are becoming preferred for scintillator-based gamma-ray detectors on CubeSats due to their low operation voltage, small size, linear response to low light intensity and fast response. This increasing popularity of SiPMs among new spaceborne missions makes it important to characterize their long-term performance in the space environment. In this work, we report the change of the dark count rate and low-energy threshold of S13360-3050 PE multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs) by Hamamatsu, using measurements acquired by the GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats at low Earth orbit (LEO) spanning over three years. Such a long measurement of the performance of MPPCs in space has not been published before. GRBAlpha is a 1U CubeSat launched on March 22, 2021, to a 550 km altitude sun-synchronous polar orbit (SSO) carrying on board a gamma-ray detector based on CsI(Tl) scintillator readout by eight MPPCs and regularly detecting gamma-ray transients such as gamma-ray bursts and solar flares in the energy range of ~30-900 keV. VZLUSAT-2 is a 3U CubeSat launched on January 13, 2022 also to a 535 km altitude SSO carrying on board, among other payloads, two gamma-ray detectors similar to the one on GRBAlpha. We have flight-proven the Hamamatsu MPPCs S13360-3050 PE and demonstrated that MPPCs, shielded by 2.5 mm of PbSb alloy, can be used in LEO environment on a scientific mission lasting beyond three years. This manifests the potential of MPPCs being employed in future satellites. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item115'>[115]</a> <a href ="/abs/2412.02812" title="Abstract" id="2412.02812"> arXiv:2412.02812 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2412.02812" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2412.02812" aria-labelledby="pdf-2412.02812">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2412.02812v4" title="View HTML" id="html-2412.02812" aria-labelledby="html-2412.02812" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2412.02812" title="Other formats" id="oth-2412.02812" aria-labelledby="oth-2412.02812">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co-rich bct CoMn Films </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Peterson,+S+F">S. F. Peterson</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Idzerda,+Y+U">Y. U. Idzerda</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 17 pages, 9 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)</span>; Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Thin-films of bct Co$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$ grown by molecular beam epitaxy on MgO(001) were measured to have an enhanced atomic magnetic moment of $2.52 \pm 0.07$ $\mu_\text{B}/\text{atom}$ beyond the pinnacle of the Slater-Pauling curve for Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$ with a moment of $2.42$ $\mu_\text{B}/\text{atom}$. The compositional variation of the average total moment for thin-film bct Co$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$ alloys is in stark contrast to the historical measurements of bulk fcc Co$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$. These GGA calculations reveal that significant improvements of this ferromagnetic forced bct phase on MgO(001) are possible via substrate selection. For example, bct Co$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$ films on MgO(001) are calculated to have lower atomic moments than those on substrates with smaller lattice constants such as GaAs(001), BaTiO$_3$(110), and SrTiO$_3$(110) which is predicted to increase the average atomic moment up to $2.61$ $\mu_\text{B}/\text{atom}$ and lead to increased structural stability and therefore thicker film growths. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item116'>[116]</a> <a href ="/abs/2501.11531" title="Abstract" id="2501.11531"> arXiv:2501.11531 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2501.11531" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2501.11531" aria-labelledby="pdf-2501.11531">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2501.11531v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2501.11531" aria-labelledby="html-2501.11531" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2501.11531" title="Other formats" id="oth-2501.11531" aria-labelledby="oth-2501.11531">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Mechanical strength investigations of the APPLE-X undulator using Fiber Bragg Grating strain measurements </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Balossino,+I">I. Balossino</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Polimadei,+A">A. Polimadei</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Del+Franco,+M">M. Del Franco</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Selce,+A">A. Selce</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Vannozzi,+A">A. Vannozzi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Di+Pasquale,+E">E. Di Pasquale</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Giannessi,+L">L. Giannessi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Nguyen,+F">F. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Petralia,+A">A. Petralia</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Pockar,+J">J. Pockar</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Primozic,+U">U. Primozic</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Geometrante,+R">R. Geometrante</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Caponero,+M">M.A. Caponero</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Sabbatini,+L">L. Sabbatini</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)</span>; Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) </div> <p class='mathjax'> The SPARC_LAB facility at the INFN LNF is being upgraded to accommodate a new user facility as part of the SABINA project. It was set up to investigate the feasibility of an ultra-brilliant photoinjector and to perform FEL experiments. The new beamline is equipped with three APPLE-X undulators acting as amplifiers to deliver IR/THz radiation with photon pulses in the ps range, with energy of tens of uJ, and with linear, circular, or elliptical polarization. The APPLE-X guarantees to vary the gap amplitude between the magnets arrays and their relative phase. The entire system has been designed from scratch, and a structural analysis has been carried out. Once they were in Frascati, in collaboration with ENEA, a further investigation campaign was launched on the mechanical, using strain measurements based on optical methods. FBG sensors were suitable for these tests due to their immunity to electromagnetic noise. They consist of a phase grating inscribed in the core of a single-mode fiber, whose Bragg-diffracted light propagates back along the fiber. If bonded to the mechanical structure, they can be used as strain sensors. By following the variations in the scattered spectrum, it is possible to perform strain measurements. Using multiple FBGs applied at selected locations on the undulator, several measurements were while opening and closing the gap or changing the phase, but also by studying the quiescent response as a function of the ambient temperature. The results of these tests show that there is a clear deformation of the structure related to the temperature changes and magnetic forces, but the magnitude of this deformation is well within the tolerances required for the functionality of the undulator since they are compatible or lower with respect to the one calculated with the finite elements methods. The tests confirm the reliability of the mechanical structure. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item117'>[117]</a> <a href ="/abs/2501.18708" title="Abstract" id="2501.18708"> arXiv:2501.18708 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2501.18708" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2501.18708" aria-labelledby="pdf-2501.18708">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2501.18708v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2501.18708" aria-labelledby="html-2501.18708" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2501.18708" title="Other formats" id="oth-2501.18708" aria-labelledby="oth-2501.18708">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Combining physics-based and data-driven models: advancing the frontiers of research with Scientific Machine Learning </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/math?searchtype=author&query=Quarteroni,+A">Alfio Quarteroni</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/math?searchtype=author&query=Gervasio,+P">Paola Gervasio</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/math?searchtype=author&query=Regazzoni,+F">Francesco Regazzoni</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 127pages. Published in Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences (2025) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Numerical Analysis (math.NA)</span>; Machine Learning (cs.LG); Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) is a recently emerged research field which combines physics-based and data-driven models for the numerical approximation of differential problems. Physics-based models rely on the physical understanding of the problem, subsequent mathematical formulation, and numerical approximation. Data-driven models instead aim to extract relations between input and output data without arguing any causality principle underlining the available data distribution. In recent years, data-driven models have been rapidly developed and popularized. Such a diffusion has been triggered by a huge availability of data, increasingly cheap computing power, and the development of powerful ML algorithms. SciML leverages the physical awareness of physics-based models and the efficiency of data-driven algorithms. With SciML, we can inject physics and mathematical knowledge into ML algorithms. Yet, we can rely on data-driven algorithms' capability to discover complex and nonlinear patterns from data and improve the descriptive capacity of physics-based models. After recalling the mathematical foundations of digital modelling and ML algorithms and presenting the most popular ML architectures, we discuss the great potential of a broad variety of SciML strategies in solving complex problems governed by PDEs. Finally, we illustrate the successful application of SciML to the simulation of the human cardiac function, a field of significant socioeconomic importance that poses numerous challenges on both the mathematical and computational fronts. Despite the robustness and accuracy of physics-based models, certain aspects, such as unveiling constitutive laws for cardiac cells and myocardial material properties, as well as devising efficient reduced order models to dominate the extraordinary computational complexity, have been successfully tackled by leveraging data-driven models. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item118'>[118]</a> <a href ="/abs/2502.03577" title="Abstract" id="2502.03577"> arXiv:2502.03577 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2502.03577" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2502.03577" aria-labelledby="pdf-2502.03577">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2502.03577v3" title="View HTML" id="html-2502.03577" aria-labelledby="html-2502.03577" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2502.03577" title="Other formats" id="oth-2502.03577" aria-labelledby="oth-2502.03577">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Multidisciplinary Science in the Multimessenger Era </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Burns,+E">Eric Burns</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Fryer,+C+L">Christopher L. Fryer</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Agullo,+I">Ivan Agullo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Andrews,+J">Jennifer Andrews</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Aydi,+E">Elias Aydi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baring,+M+G">Matthew G. Baring</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Baron,+E">Eddie Baron</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Boorman,+P+G">Peter G. Boorman</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Boroumand,+M+A">Mohammad Ali Boroumand</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Borowski,+E">Eric Borowski</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Broekgaarden,+F+S">Floor S. Broekgaarden</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chandra,+P">Poonam Chandra</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chatzopoulos,+E">Emmanouil Chatzopoulos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chen,+H">Hsin-Yu Chen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Chipps,+K+A">Kelly A. Chipps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Civano,+F">Francesca Civano</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Comisso,+L">Luca Comisso</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=C%C3%A1rdenas-Avenda%C3%B1o,+A">Alejandro C谩rdenas-Avenda帽o</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Dang,+P">Phong Dang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Deibel,+C+M">Catherine M. Deibel</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Eftekhari,+T">Tarraneh Eftekhari</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Elliott,+C">Courey Elliott</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Foley,+R+J">Ryan J. Foley</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Fontes,+C+J">Christopher J. Fontes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Gall,+A">Amy Gall</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Galleher,+G+R">Gwendolyn R. Galleher</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Gonzalez,+G">Gabriela Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Guo,+F">Fan Guo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hamilton,+M+C+B">Maria C. Babiuc Hamilton</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Harding,+J+P">J. Patrick Harding</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Henning,+J">Joseph Henning</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Herwig,+F">Falk Herwig</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hix,+W+R">William Raphael Hix</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ho,+A+Y+Q">Anna Y. Q. Ho</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Holley-Bockelmann,+K">Kelly Holley-Bockelmann</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hounsell,+R">Rebekah Hounsell</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hui,+C+M">C. Michelle Hui</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Humensky,+T+B">Thomas Brian Humensky</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hungerford,+A">Aimee Hungerford</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Hynes,+R+I">Robert I. Hynes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Jin,+W">Weidong Jin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Johns,+H">Heather Johns</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Johnson,+M+G">Maria Gatu Johnson</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Kennea,+J+A">Jamie A. Kennea</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Kuranz,+C">Carolyn Kuranz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Lamb,+G+P">Gavin P. Lamb</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Launey,+K+D">Kristina D. Launey</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Lewis,+T+R">Tiffany R. Lewis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Liodakis,+I">Ioannis Liodakis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Livescu,+D">Daniel Livescu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Loch,+S">Stuart Loch</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=MacDonald,+N+R">Nicholas R. MacDonald</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Maccarone,+T">Thomas Maccarone</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Marcotulli,+L">Lea Marcotulli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Meli,+A">Athina Meli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Messer,+B">Bronson Messer</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Miller,+M+C">M. Coleman Miller</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Milton,+V">Valarie Milton</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Most,+E+R">Elias R. Most</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Mumma,+D+C">Darin C. Mumma</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Mumpower,+M+R">Matthew R. Mumpower</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Negro,+M">Michela Negro</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Neights,+E">Eliza Neights</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Nugent,+P">Peter Nugent</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Pasham,+D+R">Dheeraj R Pasham</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Radice,+D">David Radice</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Rani,+B">Bindu Rani</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Read,+J+S">Jocelyn S. Read</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Reifarth,+R">Rene Reifarth</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Reily,+E">Emily Reily</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Rhodes,+L">Lauren Rhodes</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Richard,+A">Andrea Richard</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Ricker,+P+M">Paul M. Ricker</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Roberts,+C+J">Christopher J. Roberts</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Schatz,+H">Hendrik Schatz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Shawhan,+P">Peter Shawhan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Takacs,+E">Endre Takacs</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Tomsick,+J+A">John A. Tomsick</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Trigg,+A+C">Aaron C. Trigg</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Urbatsch,+T">Todd Urbatsch</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Vassh,+N">Nicole Vassh</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Villar,+V+A">V. Ashley Villar</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Wadiasingh,+Z">Zorawar Wadiasingh</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Waratkar,+G">Gaurav Waratkar</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/astro-ph?searchtype=author&query=Zingale,+M">Michael Zingale</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> This white paper is the product of the Third Time-Domain And Multimessenger Astrophysics workshop: Multidisciplinary Science in the Multimessenger Era, hosted by Louisiana State University with additional support from DOE, NSF, and NASA. Updated arXiv versions fix minor issues (authors, incorrect images) </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)</span>; General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Astrophysical observations of the cosmos allow us to probe extreme physics and answer foundational questions on our universe. Modern astronomy is increasingly operating under a holistic approach, probing the same question with multiple diagnostics including how sources vary over time, how they appear across the electromagnetic spectrum, and through their other signatures, including gravitational waves, neutrinos, cosmic rays, and dust on Earth. Astrophysical observations are now reaching the point where approximate physics models are insufficient. Key sources of interest are explosive transients, whose understanding requires multidisciplinary studies at the intersection of astrophysics, gravity, nuclear science, plasma physics, fluid dynamics and turbulence, computation, particle physics, atomic, molecular, and optical science, condensed matter and materials science, radiation transport, and high energy density physics. This white paper provides an overview of the major scientific advances that lay at the intersection of physics and astronomy and are best probed through time-domain and multimessenger astrophysics, an exploration of how multidisciplinary science can be fostered, and introductory descriptions of the relevant scientific disciplines and key astrophysical sources of interest. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item119'>[119]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.02166" title="Abstract" id="2503.02166"> arXiv:2503.02166 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.02166" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.02166" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.02166">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.02166v3" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.02166" aria-labelledby="html-2503.02166" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.02166" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.02166" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.02166">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> The impact of local noise recorded at the ET candidate sites on the signal to noise ratio of CBC gravitational wave signals for the ET triangle configuration </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Di+Giovanni,+M">Matteo Di Giovanni</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Rozza,+D">Davide Rozza</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=De+Rosa,+R">Rosario De Rosa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Calloni,+E">Enrico Calloni</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=D'Urso,+D">Domenico D'Urso</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Naticchioni,+L">Luca Naticchioni</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Allocca,+A">Annalisa Allocca</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Cardello,+G+L">Giovanni Luca Cardello</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Cardini,+A">Alessandro Cardini</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Contu,+A">Andrea Contu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Diaferia,+G">Giovanni Diaferia</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Errico,+L">Luciano Errico</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Giunchi,+C">Carlo Giunchi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Harms,+J">Jan Harms</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Molinari,+I">Irene Molinari</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Olivieri,+M">Marco Olivieri</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Rapagnani,+P">Piero Rapagnani</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Ricci,+F">Fulvio Ricci</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Sipala,+V">Valeria Sipala</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/gr-qc?searchtype=author&query=Trozzo,+L">Lucia Trozzo</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)</span>; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> We present an evaluation of how site dependent noise can affect the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of compact binary coalescence (CBC) signals in the future 3rd generation gravitational wave (GW) detector Einstein Telescope (ET). The design of ET is currently pushing the scientific community to study its scientific potential with respect to known, and possibly unexpected, GW signals using its design sensitivity curves. However, local ambient noise may have an impact on the ET sensitivity at low frequency and therefore affect the SNR of CBC signals at low frequency. Therefore, we study the impact of ambient noise on the ET sensitivity curve at the two sites candidate to host ET - Sardinia, in Italy, and the Euregio Meuse-Rhine (EMR) at the Netherlands-Belgium border - and infer the impact on the ET sensitivity curve and how the SNR of CBC signals at low frequencies is affected. We find that Sardinia shows results which are on par, if not better, than the design case. On the other hand, ambient noise for the current EMR sensitivity curve in Terziet causes a higher degradation of the SNR performances. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item120'>[120]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.10420" title="Abstract" id="2503.10420"> arXiv:2503.10420 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.10420" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.10420" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.10420">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.10420v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.10420" aria-labelledby="html-2503.10420" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.10420" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.10420" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.10420">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Imaging Ultrafast Dynamical Diffraction wavefronts of femtosecond laser-induced lattice distortions inside crystalline semiconductors </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Rodr%C3%ADguez-Fern%C3%A1ndez,+A">Angel Rodr铆guez-Fern谩ndez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Pudell,+J">Jan-Etienne Pudell</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Shayduk,+R">Roman Shayduk</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Jo,+W">Wonhyuk Jo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Wrigley,+J">James Wrigley</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=M%C3%B6ller,+J">Johannes M枚ller</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Zalden,+P">Peter Zalden</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Zozulya,+A">Alexey Zozulya</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Hallmann,+J">J枚rg Hallmann</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Madsen,+A">Anders Madsen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Villanueva-Perez,+P">Pablo Villanueva-Perez</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Matej,+Z">Zdenek Matej</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Albert,+T+J">Thies J. Albert</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Kaczmarek,+D">Dominik Kaczmarek</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Sokolowski-Tinten,+K">Klaus Sokolowski-Tinten</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Jerzy,+A">Antonowicz Jerzy</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Sobierajski,+R">Ryszard Sobierajski</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Mosafer,+R">Rahimi Mosafer</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Liubchenko,+O+I">Oleksii I. Liubchenko</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Solis,+J">Javier Solis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Siegel,+J">Jan Siegel</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)</span>; Optics (physics.optics) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Material processing with femtosecond lasers has attracted enormous attention because of its potential for technology and industry applications. In parallel, time-resolved x-ray diffraction has been successfully used to study ultrafast structural distortion dynamics in semiconductor thin films. Gracing incident x-ray geometry has been also used to look to distortion dynamics, but this technique is only sensitive to the surface of bulk materials with a limited temporal resolution. However, 'real-world' processing applications deal mostly with bulk materials, which prevent the use of such techniques. For processing applications, a fast and depth-sensitive probe is needed. To address this, we present a novel technique based on ultrafast dynamical diffraction (UDD) capable of imaging transient strain distributions inside bulk crystals upon single-pulse excitation. This pump-probe technique provides a complete picture of the temporal evolution of ultrafast distortion depth profiles. Our measurements were obtained in a thin crystalline Si wafer upon single pulse femtosecond optical excitation revealing that even below the melting threshold strong lattice distortions appear on ps time scales due to the formation and propagation of high-amplitude strain waves into the bulk. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item121'>[121]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.13067" title="Abstract" id="2503.13067"> arXiv:2503.13067 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.13067" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.13067" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.13067">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.13067v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.13067" aria-labelledby="html-2503.13067" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.13067" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.13067" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.13067">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Deep Neural Network-Based Voltage Prediction for Alkali-Metal-Ion Battery Materials </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Hossain,+S+M">Sk Mujaffar Hossain</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Koshi,+N+A">Namitha Anna Koshi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Lee,+S">Seung-Cheol Lee</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Das,+G">G.P Das</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Bhattacharjee,+S">Satadeep Bhattacharjee</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)</span>; Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Accurate voltage prediction of battery materials plays a pivotal role in advancing energy storage technologies and in the rational design of high-performance cathode materials. In this work, we present a deep neural network (DNN) model, built using PyTorch, to estimate the average voltage of cathode materials across Li-ion, Na-ion, and other alkali-metal-ion batteries. The model is trained on an extensive dataset from the Materials Project, incorporating a wide range of descriptors-structural, physical, chemical, electronic, thermodynamic, and battery-specific-ensuring a comprehensive representation of material properties. Our model exhibits strong predictive performance, as corroborated by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The close alignment between the DNN predictions and DFT outcomes highlights the robustness and accuracy of our machine learning framework in effectively screening and identifying viable battery materials. Utilizing this validated model, we successfully propose novel Na-ion battery compositions, with their predicted behavior confirmed through rigorous computational assessment. By seamlessly integrating data-driven prediction with first-principles validation, this study presents an effective framework that significantly accelerates the discovery and optimization of advanced battery materials, contributing to the development of more reliable and efficient energy storage technologies. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item122'>[122]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.15247" title="Abstract" id="2503.15247"> arXiv:2503.15247 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.15247" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.15247" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.15247">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.15247v4" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.15247" aria-labelledby="html-2503.15247" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.15247" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.15247" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.15247">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Classification of Electron and Muon Neutrino Events for the ESS$谓$SB Near Water Cherenkov Detector using Graph Neural Networks </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Aguilar,+J">J. Aguilar</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Anastasopoulos,+M">M. Anastasopoulos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Bar%C4%8Dot,+D">D. Bar膷ot</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Baussan,+E">E. Baussan</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Bhattacharyya,+A">A.K. Bhattacharyya</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Bignami,+A">A. Bignami</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Blennow,+M">M. Blennow</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Bogomilov,+M">M. Bogomilov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Bolling,+B">B. Bolling</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Bouquerel,+E">E. Bouquerel</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Bramati,+F">F. Bramati</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Branca,+A">A. Branca</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Brunetti,+G">G. Brunetti</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Burgman,+A">A. Burgman</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Bustinduy,+I">I. Bustinduy</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Carlile,+C">C.J. Carlile</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Cederkall,+J">J. Cederkall</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Choi,+T+W">T. W. Choi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Choubey,+S">S. Choubey</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Christiansen,+P">P. Christiansen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Collins,+M">M. Collins</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Morales,+E+C">E. Cristaldo Morales</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Cupia%C5%82,+P">P. Cupia艂</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=D'Ago,+D">D. D'Ago</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Danared,+H">H. Danared</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=de+Andr%C3%A9,+J+P+A+M">J. P. A. M. de Andr茅</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Dracos,+M">M. Dracos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Efthymiopoulos,+I">I. Efthymiopoulos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ekel%C3%B6f,+T">T. Ekel枚f</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Eshraqi,+M">M. Eshraqi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Fanourakis,+G">G. Fanourakis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Farricker,+A">A. Farricker</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Fasoula,+E">E. Fasoula</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Fukuda,+T">T. Fukuda</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Garc%C3%ADa-Marcos,+J">J. Garc铆a-Marcos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Gazis,+N">N. Gazis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Geralis,+T">Th. Geralis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ghosh,+M">M. Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Giarnetti,+A">A. Giarnetti</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Gokbulut,+G">G. Gokbulut</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Hagner,+C">C. Hagner</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Hali%C4%87,+L">L. Hali膰</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Hooft,+M">M. Hooft</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Iversen,+K+E">K. E. Iversen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Jachowicz,+N">N. Jachowicz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Jenssen,+M">M. Jenssen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Johansson,+R">R. Johansson</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Karakoulias,+I">I. Karakoulias</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Kasimi,+E">E. Kasimi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Topaksu,+A+K">A. Kayis Topaksu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Kildetoft,+B">B. Kildetoft</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Kli%C4%8Dek,+B">B. Kli膷ek</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Kordas,+K">K. Kordas</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Leisos,+A">A. Leisos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Lindroos,+M">M. Lindroos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Longhin,+A">A. Longhin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Maiano,+C">C. Maiano</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Marangoni,+S">S. Marangoni</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Marrelli,+C">C. Marrelli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Meloni,+D">D. Meloni</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Mezzetto,+M">M. Mezzetto</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Milas,+N">N. Milas</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Mu%C3%B1oz,+J">J.L. Mu帽oz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Niewczas,+K">K. Niewczas</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Oglakci,+M">M. Oglakci</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ohlsson,+T">T. Ohlsson</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Olveg%C3%A5rd,+M">M. Olveg氓rd</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Pari,+M">M. Pari</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Park,+J">J. Park</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Patrzalek,+D">D. Patrzalek</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Petkov,+G">G. Petkov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Petridou,+C">Ch. Petridou</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Poussot,+P">P. Poussot</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Psallidas,+A">A. Psallidas</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Pupilli,+F">F. Pupilli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Saiang,+D">D. Saiang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Sampsonidis,+D">D. Sampsonidis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Scanu,+A">A. Scanu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Schwab,+C">C. Schwab</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Sordo,+F">F. Sordo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Sosa,+A">A. Sosa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Stavropoulos,+G">G. Stavropoulos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Stip%C4%8Devi%C4%87,+M">M. Stip膷evi膰</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Tarkeshian,+R">R. Tarkeshian</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Terranova,+F">F. Terranova</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Tolba,+T">T. Tolba</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Trachanas,+E">E. Trachanas</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Tsenov,+R">R. Tsenov</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Tsirigotis,+A">A. Tsirigotis</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Tzamarias,+S+E">S. E. Tzamarias</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Vanderpoorten,+M">M. Vanderpoorten</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Vankova-Kirilova,+G">G. Vankova-Kirilova</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Vassilopoulos,+N">N. Vassilopoulos</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Vihonen,+S">S. Vihonen</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Wurtz,+J">J. Wurtz</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Zeter,+V">V. Zeter</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Zormpa,+O">O. Zormpa</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 22 pages, 19 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)</span>; Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In the effort to obtain a precise measurement of leptonic CP-violation with the ESS$\nu$SB experiment, accurate and fast reconstruction of detector events plays a pivotal role. In this work, we examine the possibility of replacing the currently proposed likelihood-based reconstruction method with an approach based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). As the likelihood-based reconstruction method is reasonably accurate but computationally expensive, one of the benefits of a Machine Learning (ML) based method is enabling fast event reconstruction in the detector development phase, allowing for easier investigation of the effects of changes to the detector design. Focusing on classification of flavour and interaction type in muon and electron events and muon- and electron neutrino interaction events, we demonstrate that the GNN reconstructs events with greater accuracy than the likelihood method for events with greater complexity, and with increased speed for all events. Additionally, we investigate the key factors impacting reconstruction performance, and demonstrate how separation of events by pion production using another GNN classifier can benefit flavour classification. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item123'>[123]</a> <a href ="/abs/2503.21593" title="Abstract" id="2503.21593"> arXiv:2503.21593 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2503.21593" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2503.21593" aria-labelledby="pdf-2503.21593">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2503.21593v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2503.21593" aria-labelledby="html-2503.21593" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2503.21593" title="Other formats" id="oth-2503.21593" aria-labelledby="oth-2503.21593">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Dielectric permittivity of water confined in stacks of charged lipid layers: extracting profiles from molecular dynamics simulations using a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Gardr%C3%A9,+L">Ludovic Gardr茅</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Helstroffer,+S">Swen Helstroffer</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Muller,+P">Pierre Muller</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Thalmann,+F">Fabrice Thalmann</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Charitat,+T">Thierry Charitat</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Joly,+L">Laurent Joly</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Loison,+C">Claire Loison</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 12 pages, 9 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)</span>; Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Most organic and inorganic surfaces (e.g., glass, nucleic acids or lipid membranes) become charged in aqueous solutions. The resulting ionic distribution induces effective interactions between the charged surfaces. Stacks of like-charged lipid bilayers immersed in multivalent ion solutions exhibit strong coupling (SC) effects, where ion correlations cause counter-intuitive membrane attraction. A similar attraction observed with monovalent ions is explained by SC theory through reduced dielectric permittivity under confinement. To explore this phenomenon, we propose a modified Poisson-Boltzmann (mPB) model with spatially varying dielectric permittivity and explicit Born solvation energy for ions. We use the model to investigate the dielectric permittivity profile of confined water in molecular dynamics simulations of charged lipid layers stacks at varying hydration levels, and compare the results with alternative computational methods. The model captures a sharp decrease in permittivity as the system enters the attractive regime, converging to a plateau value that we attribute to lipid headgroups. The generic nature of the mPB framework allows application to other systems, such as other biological interfaces or solid walls, provided ions follow Boltzmann statistics. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item124'>[124]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.00214" title="Abstract" id="2504.00214"> arXiv:2504.00214 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2504.00214" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.00214" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.00214">pdf</a>, <a href="/format/2504.00214" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.00214" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.00214">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> SEMIDV: A Compact Semiconductor Device Simulator with Quantum Effects </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/cond-mat?searchtype=author&query=Tung,+C">Chien-Ting Tung</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> Submitted for review </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)</span>; Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In this paper, I present SEMIDV - a compact semiconductor device simulator incorporating quantum effects. SEMIDV solves the Poisson-Drift-Diffusion equations for semiconductor devices and provides a user-friendly Python interface for scripting and data analysis. Localization landscape theory is introduced to provide quantum corrections to the Drift-Diffusion equation. This theory directly solves the ground state of the Schrodinger equation without further approximation, offering an efficient solution for quantum effect modeling. Additionally, a compact mobility model considering ballistic transport is developed to capture the ballistic length dependence of mobility and the velocity overshoot effect in short-channel devices. Finally, a study on a nanosheet FET using SEMIDV is conducted. I analyze the electrical characteristics of a state-of-the-art GAA/RibbonFET with a 6 nm gate length and discuss the effects of velocity overshoot and quantum confinement on currents and capacitances. A design for an ultra-short-channel transistor with a gate length down to 4.5 nm with a Vdd = 0.45 V is proposed to push the boundaries of integrated circuit technology further. </p> </div> </dd> </dl> <div class='paging'>Total of 124 entries </div> <div class='morefewer'>Showing up to 2000 entries per page: <a href=/list/physics/new?skip=0&show=1000 rel="nofollow"> fewer</a> | <span style="color: #454545">more</span> | <span style="color: #454545">all</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer style="clear: both;"> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary" style="margin: -0.75em -0.75em 0.75em -0.75em">  <div class="column" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul style="list-style: none; line-height: 2;"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul style="list-style: none; line-height: 2;"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html"> Contact</a> </li> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe"> Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="column" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul style="list-style: none; 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