CINXE.COM

Optica Publishing Group

<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="tdm-reservation" content="1"/> <meta name="tdm-policy" content="https://opg.optica.org/policies/opg-tdm-policy.json"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" initial-scale="1"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <title>Optica Publishing Group</title> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5N7G55X');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico?v=2"> <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-EVSTQN3/azprG1Anm3QDgpJLIm9Nao0Yz1ztcQTwFspd3yD65VohhpuuCOmLASjC" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/token-input-facebook.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/app.min.css?v=12202024"> <!--<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/search.css"> Second style redefines first in app.css --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/journal-colors.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/tools.css?v=09192021"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jqueryui/jquery-ui.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/jqueryui/jquery-ui-1.10.3.custom.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/carrousel.css"> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/vendor/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/vendor/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <link href="/fonts/fa5pro/css/all.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600|Noto+Sans:700&amp;subset=latin,greek-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/vendor/custom.modernizr.js"></script> </head> <body class="homepage"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5N7G55X" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="display: none;"> <symbol id="right-arrow" viewBox="0 0 7.7 8.89"> <defs> <style> .rarrow { stroke-miterlimit: 10; } </style> </defs> <title>Expand this Topic</title> <desc>clickable element to expand a topic</desc> <polygon class="rarrow" points="0.5 0.87 0.5 8.03 6.7 4.45 0.5 0.87" /> </symbol> </svg> <div class="site"> <nav class="primary--home navbar navbar-inverse hidden-xs p-0 mt-1" aria-label="Global Navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="user-acct navbar-right d-lg-flex flex-row pt-2"> <div class="d-flex flex-column pt-1 position-relative"> <button id="header-search" class="btn text--right shadow-none" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#search-nav" aria-label="start search"> <div style="margin-top:-4px; width:30px; height:30px;border: 0; padding-top:6px;"> <i id="header-search-icon" class="fal fa-search text-white" style="font-size:1em;"></i> </div> </button> <div id="search-nav" class="header-search collapse position-absolute end-100 top-0" style="background-color: black; padding: 10px; z-index: 1000;"> <div class="search-bar input-group main-search"> <form name="nojs" action="/search_noscript.cfm" class="form-inline d-flex"> <input name="q" id="topSearchText" type="text" class="search-text-input form-control input-sm header-search_inputField" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search"> <div class="input-group-btn header-search_btnGroup d-flex"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-dropdown dropdown-toggle btn-topheader" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> <span id="dropdownText">All Publications</span> <span class="caret"></span> </button> <ul id="dropdownDesktop" class="dropdown-menu z-index--1000" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"> <!-- Options to change the button text --> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#" data-search-type="all">All Publications</a></li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#" data-search-type="site">Site Search</a></li> </ul> </div> <button id="topSearch" type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-search" aria-label="start search" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="Enter a search term or choose options to see advanced search" data-bs-custom-class="custom-tooltip"> <div style="margin-top:-4px; width:30px; height:30px; padding-top:6px;"> <i class="fal fa-search text-white" style="font-size:0.8em;"></i> </div> </button> <button data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#advanced-search-popup" type="button" class="btn text-wrap text--right search-options-header p-0 p__1--xs">Advanced Search</button> </div> </form> </div> <form id="advanced-search-popup" class="collapse advanced-search-popup"> <div class="row avs-header"> <div class="col-sm-9" style="font-weight:bold;"> <i class="fal fa-filter"></i> SEARCH OPTIONS </div> <div class="col-sm-3 close-container"> <div class="close-top"><a href="#" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#advanced-search-popup" style="color:white;">Close <i class="fal fa-times"></i></a></div> </div> </div> <nav class="nav nav-tabs"> <li role="presentation" class="active"> <a href="#" id="OpgAdvancedSearch">Article Search</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="#" id="ImageBankAdvancedSearch">ImageBank Search</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a href="#" id="ContentAdvancedSearch">Site Search</a> </li> </nav> <div class="avs-content"> <div class="no-content-search"> <div class="avs_grayout"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-2 avs-label" style="font-weight:bold;">KEYWORDS</div> <div class="col-sm-8"> <input name="" id="txtSearch" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter search terms here" aria-label="Enter search terms here" /> <span class="opg-search-only"><input id="chkOtrResource" name="selectionChk" type="checkbox" value="" /> <span class="avs-inline-label-left"><label for="chkOtrResource" style="font-weight:normal;">Only if other supplemental resources are available</label></span></span> </div> <div class="col-sm-2 opg-search-only"> <div><input name="chkSearchIn" type="checkbox" id="chk-searchin-metadata" CHECKED /> <span class="avs-inline-label-left"><label for="chk-searchin-metadata" style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">Title and Abstract</label></span></div> <div><input name="chkSearchIn" type="checkbox" id="chk-searchin-all"/> <span class="avs-inline-label-left"><label for="chk-searchin-all" style="font-weight:normal;">All text</label></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top"> <div class="col-sm-2 avs-label" style="font-weight:bold;">AUTHORS</div> <div class="col-sm-8"> <input type="text" id="authorSearch" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter author names here" aria-label="author names"/> <span class="small muted">&bull; Use these formats for best results: Smith or J Smith</span> <span class="small muted"><br>&bull; Use a comma to separate multiple people: J Smith, RL Jones, Macarthur</span> </div> <div class="col-sm-2"> <label for="chkAny" style="font-weight:normal;">Any :</label>&nbsp;<input id="chkAny" name="chkAnyAll" type="radio" value="any" checked="checked"/> <label for="chkAll" style="font-weight:normal;">All :</label>&nbsp;<input id="chkAll" name="chkAnyAll" type="radio" value="all"/> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="avs-help avs-divider"> <a class="avs-help-link" data-action='slide-toggle' data-target='#avsHint1' href="#" title="Help Link">?</a> <div id="avsHint1" class="avs-help-message"> <strong>Tips for preparing a search:</strong> <ul> <li>Keep it simple - don't use too many different parameters.</li> <li>Separate search groups with parentheses and Booleans. Note the Boolean sign must be in upper-case. <ul> <li>Example: (diode OR solid-state) AND laser [search contains "diode" or "solid-state" and laser]</li> <li>Example: (photons AND downconversion) - pump [search contains both "photons" and "downconversion" but not "pump"]</li> </ul> </li> <li>Improve efficiency in your search by using wildcards.</li> <ul> <li>Asterisk ( * ) -- Example: "elect*" retrieves documents containing "electron," "electronic," and "electricity"</li> <li>Question mark (?) -- Example: "gr?y" retrieves documents containing "grey" or "gray"</li> </ul> <li>Use quotation marks " " around specific phrases where you want the entire phrase only.</li> <li>For best results, use the separate Authors field to search for author names.</li> <li>Author name searching: <ul> <li>Use these formats for best results: Smith or J Smith</li> <li>Use a comma to separate multiple people: J Smith, RL Jones, Macarthur</li> <li>Note: Author names will be searched in the keywords field, also, but that may find papers where the person is mentioned, rather than papers they authored.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12" style="font-weight:bold;"> SEARCH IN </div> </div> <div class="row space-top"> <div class="col-sm-2"> <input name="selectionChk" id="chkJournals" type="checkbox" class="checkbox" CHECKED> <span class="avs-inline-label-left"><label for="chkJournals" style="font-weight:normal;">Journals</label></span> </div> <div class="col-sm-7"> <div class="input-collapse"> <input id="advsJournalsSelector" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="All journals (type names or look up list)" aria-label="choose journals"> <div class="input-group-btn" name="journal"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle avs-modal-open" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-label="Expand"><span class="caret"></span></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 avs-tiny"> <div class="avs-tiny_field"> <label for="volSearch" style="font-weight:normal;">Vol. </label><input id="volSearch" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="All" /> </div> <div class="avs-tiny_field"> <label for="issueSearch" style="font-weight:normal;">Issue </label><input id="issueSearch" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="All" /> </div> <div class="avs-tiny_field"> <label for="pageSearch" style="font-weight:normal;">Page </label><input id="pageSearch" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="All" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top-lg opg-search-only"> <div class="col-sm-2"> <input id="chkConferences" type="checkbox" class="checkbox" CHECKED> <span class="avs-inline-label-left"><label for="chkConferences" style="font-weight:normal;">Conferences</label></span> </div> <div class="col-sm-7"> <div class="input-collapse"> <input type="text" id="advsProceedingSelector" class="form-control" placeholder="All conferences (type names or look up list)" aria-label="choose conferences"> <div class="input-group-btn" name="proceeding"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle avs-modal-open" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-label="Expand"><span class="caret"></span></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 avs-tiny"> <div class="avs-tiny_field"> <label for="yearSearch" style="font-weight:normal;">Year </label><input id="yearSearch" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="All" /> </div> <div class="avs-tiny_field avs-tiny_field--expanded"> <label for="sessionPagerSearch" style="font-weight:normal;">Paper # </label><input id="sessionPagerSearch" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="All" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top-lg opg-search-only"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <input id="chkReports" type="checkbox" class="checkbox" CHECKED> <span class="avs-inline-label-left"><label for="chkReports" style="font-weight:normal;">Industry Reports</label></span> </div> <div class="col-sm-6">&nbsp;</div> <div class="col-sm-3 avs-tiny"> <div class="avs-tiny_field avs-tiny_field--expanded"> <label for="reportYearSearch" style="font-weight:normal;">Report Year </label><input id="reportYearSearch" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="All" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="avs-help avs-divider"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top"> <div class="col-sm-3" style="font-weight:bold;">PUBLICATION YEARS</div> <div class="col-sm-5"> <div class="form-inline"> <div class="form-group"> <span class="avs-inline-label-right"><label for="startYear" style="font-weight:normal;">From</label></span> <input id="startYear" type="text" class="form-control year-inline" placeholder="1917" maxlength="4"/> <span class="avs-inline-label-left avs-inline-label-right"><label for="endYear" style="font-weight:normal;">To</label></span> <input id="endYear" type="text" class="form-control year-inline" placeholder="2025" maxlength="4"/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <div><small class="muted">Enter only one date to search</small></div> <div><small class="muted">After ("From") or Before ("To")</small></div> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="avs-help avs-divider"></div> </div> </div> <div class="avs_topics opg-search-only"> <div class="row space-top mbottom-10"> <div class="col-sm-3" style="font-weight:bold;">OPTICS &amp; PHOTONICS TOPICS</div> <div class="col-sm-9 input-collapse avs_topics-search"> <a id="browsetopicsbutton" href="#" class="btn btn-default avs_topics-browse-btn purple-border">Browse All Topics</a> <input type="text" id="advsTopicsSelector" class="form-control avs_topics-search-field" placeholder="Search All Topics" aria-label="Search All Topics"><br/> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top selectedtopicsadv mbottom-10"> <div class="col-md-2"><small class="muted">Selected topics</small></div> <div class="col-md-10" id="advTopicsSelectedList"></div> </div> <div class="row selectedtopicsadv mbottom-10"> <div class="col-md-2"></div> <div class="col-md-10 muted"> <input id="chkAnyTopic" name="chkAnyAllTopic" type="radio" value="any" checked="checked"/> <label for="chkAnyTopic" style="font-weight:normal;">Find articles with <strong>any</strong> selected topics</label> &nbsp;&nbsp;<input id="chkAllTopic" name="chkAnyAllTopic" type="radio" value="all"/> <label for="chkAllTopic" style="font-weight:normal;">Find articles with <strong>all</strong> selected topics</label> </div> </div> <div class="row hidden mbottom-20" id="pickTopicsBrowse"> <div class="col-md-12 mbottom-20 "> <strong>Browse All Topics</strong><br> Click the <svg class="selection-list_arrow"><use xlink:href="#right-arrow" /></svg> to reveal subtopics. Use the checkbox to select a topic to filter your search. </div> <div id="advBrowseTopics" class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="avs-help avs-divider"> <a class="avs-help-link" data-action='slide-toggle' data-target='#avsHint2' href="#" title="Help Link">?</a> <div id="avsHint2" class="avs-help-message"> <strong>About Optics &amp; Photonics Topics</strong> <br>Optica Publishing Group developed the Optics and Photonics Topics to help organize its diverse content more accurately by topic area. This topic browser contains over 2400 terms and is organized in a three-level hierarchy. <a href="/thesaurus/default.cfm" target="_blank">Read more.</a> <br><br>Topics can be refined further in the search results. The Topic facet will reveal the high-level topics associated with the articles returned in the search results. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top opg-search-only"> <div class="col-sm-2" style="font-weight:bold;">SPECIAL COLLECTIONS</div> <div class="col-sm-5 input-collapse"> <input id="specialcollections_ee" name="specialcollections" type="checkbox" value="ee"/> <label class="avs-inline-label-left" for="specialcollections_ee">Energy and Environmental Optics Express</label><br/> <input id="specialcollections_el" name="specialcollections" type="checkbox" value="elnotes"/> <label class="avs-inline-label-left" for="specialcollections_el">Application Notes (formerly E&L Notes)</label><br/> <input id="specialcollections_mem" name="specialcollections" type="checkbox" value="memorandum" /> <label for="specialcollections_mem" class="avs-inline-label-left">Memoranda</label><br /> <input id="specialcollections_op" name="specialcollections" type="checkbox" value="opinion" /> <label for="specialcollections_op" class="avs-inline-label-left">Opinions</label> </div> <div class="col-sm-5 input-collapse"> <input id="specialcollections_rev" name="specialcollections" type="checkbox" value="review-article" /> <label for="specialcollections_rev" class="avs-inline-label-left">Reviews</label><br /> <input id="specialcollections_spt" name="specialcollections" type="checkbox" value="spotlight"/> <label class="avs-inline-label-left" for="specialcollections_spt">Spotlight on Optics</label><br/> <input id="specialcollections_tut" name="specialcollections" type="checkbox" value="tutorial"/> <label class="avs-inline-label-left" for="specialcollections_tut">Tutorials</label><br/> <input id="specialcollections_ret" name="specialcollections" type="checkbox" value="retrospective"/> <label class="avs-inline-label-left" for="specialcollections_tut">Retrospectives</label> </div> </div> <div class="row space-top opg-search-only"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="avs-help avs-divider"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"><a id="clearFilters" href="#" class="btn btn-default purple-border">Clear my choices above</a></div> <div class="col-sm-6"><a id="cmdSearch" href="#" class="btn btn-primary pull-right"><strong class="fi-magnifying-glass"></strong>&nbsp; Search</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="contentSearchOnly" class="content-search-only d-none"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-2 avs-label" style="font-weight:bold;">KEYWORDS</div> <div class="col-sm-8"> <input name="" id="contentSearch" type="text" placeholder="Enter search terms here" aria-label="Enter search terms here" /> </div> <div class="col-sm-2"> <button id="submitContent" class="btn btn-primary">Search</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="origsearchstr" id="origsearchstr" value=""/> <input type="hidden" name="facetsearchstr" id="facetsearchstr" value=""/> <input type="hidden" name="facetavoidstr" id="facetavoidstr" value=""/> </form> </div> </div> <ul class="manage-user-acct nav navbar-nav d-flex flex-row"> <li class="nav-link pt-1"><a href="#" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#userLogin" id="loginModal" class="p__1--md">LOGIN</a></li> <li class="nav-link pt-1"><a href="https://prism.optica.org" class="p__1--md">SUBMIT</a></li> </ul> </div> <script> function closePopup() { $.get('/close_announcement.cfm', function() { $('.osap-maintenance-alert').alert('close'); }) } </script> <noscript> <div id="cookiePopup" class="maintenance-alert container cookie-alert"> <div class="alert alert-simple alert-dismissible fade in osap-maintenance-alert"> <p class="text-left"> This website uses cookies to deliver some of our products and services as well as for analytics and to provide you a more personalized experience. Click <a href="/info/cookies.cfm">here</a> to learn more. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies. We've also updated our Privacy Notice. Click <a href="/info/privacy.cfm">here</a> to see what's new. </p> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/close_cookie.cfm?redir=true" role="button" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="close" onclick="this.href='#'; $.get('/close_cookie.cfm');">Allow All Cookies</a> </div> </div> </noscript> <div id="cookiePopup" class="maintenance-alert container hidden cookie-alert"> <div class="alert alert-simple alert-dismissible fade in osap-maintenance-alert"> <p class="text-left"> This website uses cookies to deliver some of our products and services as well as for analytics and to provide you a more personalized experience. Click <a href="/info/cookies.cfm">here</a> to learn more. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies. We've also updated our Privacy Notice. Click <a href="/info/privacy.cfm">here</a> to see what's new. </p> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/close_cookie.cfm?redir=true" role="button" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="close" onclick="this.href='#'; $.get('/close_cookie.cfm');">Allow All Cookies</a> <button id="cookiePopupClose" class="close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" type="button" aria-label="close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div style="background-color: black;"> <header class="masthead container"> <div> <div> <div class="mobile-header"> <a class="skip-nav" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <div class="primary-branding col-sm-4 col-xs-7"> <a href="https://opg.optica.org" class="primary-brand"><img src="/images/Optica_logo_publishing_hz_rev_rgb.png" alt="Optica Publishing Group" /></a> </div> <div class="mobile-nav-toggle visible-xs col-xs-5"> <button type="button" class="mobile-nav-btn navbar-toggle" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#osaGlobalNav" aria-controls="osaGlobalNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <button type="button" class="mobile-search-btn navbar-toggle" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#mobile-search" aria-label="start search"> <span class="fal fa-search text-white"></span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="collapse" id="mobile-search"> <div class="header-search col-sm-9 col-xs-12 d-block d-md-none"> <div class="d-flex w-100"> <input id="topSearchTextMobile" type="text" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" style="width:60%"> <div class="input-group-btn d-flex"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-dropdown dropdown-toggle btn-topheader" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> <span id="dropdownTextMobile">All Publications</span> <span class="caret"></span> </button> <ul id="dropdownMobile" class="dropdown-menu z-index--1000" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"> <!-- Options to change the button text --> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#" data-search-type="all">All Publications</a></li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#" data-search-type="site">Site Search</a></li> </ul> </div> <a id="topSearchMobile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"><span class="fal fa-search text-white"></span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-nav-container col-lg-8 col-md-12"> <nav class="primary-site-nav collapse navbar-collapse" id="osaGlobalNav" aria-label="Osa Global Navigation"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-main d-sm-flex flex-sm-row" id="first-nav"> <li class="primary-site-nav__dropdown"> <a href="/about.cfm" class="dropdown-toggle hidden-xs navbar-main-header" id="select_journals">Journals </a> <a href="/about.cfm" class="dropdown-toggle visible-xs navbar-main-header" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-target="select_journals--mobile__menu" id="select_journals--mobile">Journals <span class="caret" style="color:#9475ff"></span></a> <div class="visible-xs"> <div id="select_journals--mobile__menu" class="dropdown-menu dropdown-one-col"> <ul> <li><a href="/aop">Advances in Optics and Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/ao">Applied Optics</a></li> <li><a href="/as">Applied Spectroscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/boe">Biomedical Optics Express</a></li> <li><a href="/col">Chinese Optics Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/copp">Current Optics and Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/jlt">Journal of Lightwave Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/jnirs">Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/jot">Journal of Optical Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/jocn">Journal of Optical Communications and Networking</a></li> <li><a href="/josaa">Journal of the Optical Society of America A</a></li> <li><a href="/josab">Journal of the Optical Society of America B</a></li> <li><a href="/optica">Optica</a></li> <li><a href="/opticaq">Optica Quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/ome">Optical Materials Express</a></li> <li><a href="/optcon">Optics Continuum</a></li> <li><a href="/oe">Optics Express</a></li> <li><a href="/ol">Optics Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/prj">Photonics Research</a></li> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Legacy Journals</span></li> <li><a href="/jdt">Journal of Display Technology (2005-2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/josk">Journal of the Optical Society of Korea (1997-2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/jon">Journal of Optical Networking (2002-2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/josa">Journal of the Optical Society of America (1917-1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/on">Optics News (1975-1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/osac">OSA Continuum (2018-2021)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-two-col-lg dropdown-wide"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul> <li><a href="/aop">Advances in Optics and Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/ao">Applied Optics</a></li> <li><a href="/as">Applied Spectroscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/boe">Biomedical Optics Express</a></li> <li><a href="/col">Chinese Optics Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/copp">Current Optics and Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/jlt">Journal of Lightwave Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/jnirs">Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/jot">Journal of Optical Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/jocn">Journal of Optical Communications and Networking</a></li> <li><a href="/josaa">Journal of the Optical Society of America A</a></li> <li><a href="/josab">Journal of the Optical Society of America B</a></li> <li><a href="/optica">Optica</a></li> <li><a href="/opticaq">Optica Quantum</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul> <li><a href="/ome">Optical Materials Express</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.optica-opn.org/home/" target="_blank">Optics and Photonics News <span class="fal fa-external-link"></span></a></li> <li><a href="/optcon">Optics Continuum</a></li> <li><a href="/oe">Optics Express</a></li> <li><a href="/ol">Optics Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/prj">Photonics Research</a></li> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Legacy Journals</span></li> <li><a href="/jdt">Journal of Display Technology (2005-2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/josk">Journal of the Optical Society of Korea (1997-2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/jon">Journal of Optical Networking (2002-2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/josa">Journal of the Optical Society of America (1917-1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/on">Optics News (1975-1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/osac">OSA Continuum (2018-2021)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-site-nav__dropdown"> <a href="/conferences.cfm" class="dropdown-toggle navbar-main-header" id="select_proceedings">Conferences </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-two-col-lg"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Find Conferences</span></li> <li><a href="/conferences.cfm">By Year</a></li> <li><a href="/conferences.cfm?findby=conference">By Name</a></li> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Featured</span></li> <li><a href="/conference.cfm?meetingid=5">Optical Fiber Communication (OFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/conference.cfm?meetingid=124">Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)</a></li> <li><a href="/conference.cfm?meetingid=56">Frontiers in Optics (FiO)</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Newly Published</span></li> <li><a href="/conference.cfm?meetingid=327&yr=2024">British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/conference.cfm?meetingid=117&yr=2024">Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/conference.cfm?meetingid=1&yr=2024">Advanced Solid State Lasers</a></li> <li><a href="/conference.cfm?meetingid=102&yr=2024">Applications of Lasers for Sensing and Free Space Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/conference.cfm?meetingid=182&yr=2024">Laser Applications Conference</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-site-nav__dropdown"> <a href="https://opticapreprints.figshare.com/" class="dropdown-toggle navbar-main-header" id="select_proceedings">Preprints </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-two-col-lg"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Optica Open</span></li> <li><a href="https://opticapreprints.figshare.com/" target="_blank">View preprints</a></li> <li><a href="https://opticaopen.org" target="_blank">Submit preprint</a></li> <li><a href="https://opticaopen.org/Home/Guidelines" target="_blank">Author instructions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt"></span></li> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt"></span></li> <li><a href="https://opticaopen.org/Home/About" target="_blank">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://opticaopen.org/Home/FAQ" target="_blank">FAQ</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-site-nav__dropdown"> <a href="#global-nav" class="dropdown-toggle navbar-main-header" id="select_other_resources" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-target="select_other-resources--mobile__menu">Other Resources </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-two-col-lg" id="select_other-resources--mobile__menu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Information For</span></li> <li><a href="/content/author/">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/content/reviewer/">Reviewers</a></li> <li><a href="/library/">Librarians</a></li> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Products and Services</span></li> <li><a href="/info/osadigitalarchive.cfm">Digital Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/content/collection/page/item/isp/">Interactive Science Publishing (ISP)</a></li> <li><a href="https://opticapreprints.figshare.com/" target="_blank">Optica Open <span class="fal fa-external-link"></span></a></li> <li><a href="/info/opticsimagebank.cfm">Optics ImageBank</a></li> <li><a href="/thesaurus/default.cfm">Optics and Photonics Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/spotlight">Spotlight on Optics</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Publications</span></li> <li><a href="/content/bookshelf/">Bookshelf</a></li> <li><a href="/collections/special-collections.cfm">Special Collections</a></li> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Regional Content</span></li> <li><a href="/content/newsItem/list/section/prj/">On The Cover: Photonics Research</a></li> <li><a href="/content/newsItem/list/section/col/">Spotlight: Chinese Optics Letters</a></li> <li class="nav-link-heading"><span class="nav-link-heading-txt">Open Access Information</span></li> <li><a href="/content/author/portal/item/review-open-access-policy-stat/">Open Access Statement and Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/library/license_v2.cfm">Terms for Journal Article Reuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right navbar-secondary d-sm-flex flex-sm-row" id="second-nav"> <li class="primary-site-nav__dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle navbar-secondary-header" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" id="my_favorites">My Favorites </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-one-col"> <ul> <li><a href="/user">Go to My Account</a></li> <li><a href="#" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#userLogin">Login to access favorites</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="primary-site-nav__dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle navbar-secondary-header" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" id="recent_pages">Recent Pages </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-one-col"> <ul class="recent-page-list"> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg manage-user-acct--mobile"> <li class="nav-link"><a href="#" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#userLogin" id="loginModal"><img src="/images/icons/icon-my-account.png" alt="my account"> LOGIN <span class="muted">OR</span> CREATE ACCOUNT</a> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div id="content" role="main" class="content content-home container"> <div class="homepage-row"> <div class="homepage-slider features-slider-container"> <div id="carouselHome" class="features-slider carousel slide" data-bs-ride="carousel"> <div class="features-slider-content carousel-inner mb-4" style="width: 100%; max-height: 315px;"> <div class="carousel-item active" id="slide1"><a href="https://opg.optica.org/content/collection/page/item/quantum100years/"><img src="/images/homepage/IYQ Banner for OPG Website_Final.png" alt="OPG IYQ QIST Collection" style="margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; max-height: 315px; border:solid 1px #333"/></a></div> <div class="carousel-item" id="slide2"><a href="https://www.optica.org/about/newsroom/news_releases/2025/single-photon_lidar_delivers_detailed_3d_images_at_distances_up_to_1_kilometer/"><img src="/images/homepage/Optica 544877_OPG Website.png" alt="Optica 544877 Press Release" style="margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; max-height: 315px; border:solid 1px #333"/></a></div> <div class="carousel-item" id="slide3"><a href="https://www.optica.org/about/newsroom/news_releases/2025/optical_fiber_sensor_provides_simple_and_sensitive_detection_of_arsenic_in_drinking_water/"><img src="/images/homepage/AO 544358_OPG Website v1.png" alt="AO 544358 Press Release" style="margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; max-height: 315px; border:solid 1px #333"/></a></div> <div class="carousel-item" id="slide4"><a href="https://www.optica.org/about/newsroom/news_releases/2025/researchers_combine_holograms_and_ai_to_create_uncrackable_optical_encryption_system/"><img src="/images/homepage/Optica_530643_OPG Website.png" alt="Optica 530643 Press Release" style="margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; max-height: 315px; border:solid 1px #333"/></a></div> <div class="carousel-item" id="slide5"><a href="https://www.optica.org/about/newsroom/news_releases/2025/new_optical_memory_unit_poised_to_improve_processing_speed_and_efficiency/"><img src="/images/homepage/OpEx_536535_OPG Homepage.png" alt="OpEx 536535 Press Release" style="margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; max-height: 315px; border:solid 1px #333"/></a></div> </div> <div class="carousel-indicators"> <button type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselHome" data-bs-slide-to="0" class="active" aria-current="true" aria-label="Slide 1"> </button> <button type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselHome" data-bs-slide-to="1" class="" aria-current="true" aria-label="Slide 1"> </button> <button type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselHome" data-bs-slide-to="2" class="" aria-current="true" aria-label="Slide 1"> </button> <button type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselHome" data-bs-slide-to="3" class="" aria-current="true" aria-label="Slide 1"> </button> <button type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselHome" data-bs-slide-to="4" class="" aria-current="true" aria-label="Slide 1"> </button> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="homepage-nav"> <ul class="homepage-nav__list"> <li class="homepage-nav__list-item"> <a href="/content/author/" class="homepage-nav__link"> <span class="homepage-nav__icon"> <i class="fal fa-pen-fancy ltpurple-color"></i> </span> Authors </a> </li> <li class="homepage-nav__list-item"> <a href="/content/reviewer/" class="homepage-nav__link"> <span class="homepage-nav__icon"> <i class="fal fa-user-check ltpurple-color"></i> </span> Reviewers </a> </li> <li class="homepage-nav__list-item"> <a href="/library/#" class="homepage-nav__link"> <span class="homepage-nav__icon"> <i class="fal fa-books ltpurple-color"></i> </span> Librarians </a> </li> <li class="homepage-nav__list-item"> <a href="/content/author/portal/item/review-open-access-policy-stat/" class="homepage-nav__link"> <span class="homepage-nav__icon"> <img src="/images/icons/icon-open-access.svg" class="filter-ltgray" height="18" alt="open access icon" /> </span> Open Access </a> </li> <li class="homepage-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://opticaopen.org" class="homepage-nav__link"> <span class="homepage-nav__icon"> <i class="fal fa-edit filter-ltgray"></i> </span> Submit Preprint </a> </li> <li class="homepage-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://prism.optica.org" class="homepage-nav__link"> <span class="homepage-nav__icon"> <i class="fal fa-file-alt filter-ltgray"></i> </span> Submit to Journal </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="row d-lg-flex" style="background-color:#545454;"> <div class="col-sm-9 col-xs-12"> <div class="homepage-header" style="color:white;height:26px;">Recently Published</div> <div class="media-twbs d-none d-md-block" style="margin-top:0px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7d7;width:95%;padding-bottom:10px;margin-bottom:10px;"> <div class="media-twbs-left"> <img class="media-object" src="/getThumbnail.cfm?uri=josab-42-3-587" width="168" height="168" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" style="padding-right:8px;" alt="article thumbnail"> </div> <div class="media-twbs-body"> <a href="/josab/abstract.cfm?uri=josab-42-3-587" style="color:white;font-size:1.4em;" >Fundamental limits on fiber-based electron acceleration&#x2014;and how to overcome them</a> <div style="padding-top:10px;"><span class="muted" style="color:#ccc; font-size:1.2em;">Aku Antikainen and Siddharth Ramachandran</span></div> <div style="color:white;padding-top:10px;font-size:1.2em;"><strong>J. Opt. Soc. Am. B <strong>42</strong>(3) 587-596 (2025)</strong></div> </div> </div> <div class="media-twbs-body col-sm-4" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:12px;margin-top:10px;"> <a href="/ol/abstract.cfm?uri=ol-50-4-1417" style="color:white;font-size:1.2em;" >Architecture for coherent dual-comb spectroscopy and low-noise photonic microwave generation using mechanically actuated soliton microcombs</a> <div style="padding-top:10px;"><span class="muted" style="color:#ccc;font-size:1.0em;">Tatsuki Murakami, Koshiro Wada, Soma Kogure, Ryomei Takabayashi, Liu Yang, <em>et al.</em></span></div> <div style="color:white;padding-top:10px;font-size:1.0em;color:#eae3ff;"><strong>Opt. Lett. <strong>50</strong>(4) 1417-1420 (2025)</strong></div> </div> <div class="media-twbs-body col-sm-4" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:12px;margin-top:10px;"> <a href="/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-12-2-255" style="color:white;font-size:1.2em;" >Intensity-preserving self-similar beams</a> <div style="padding-top:10px;"><span class="muted" style="color:#ccc;font-size:1.0em;">Chenglong Wang, Ronger Lu, Ruizhi Zhao, Jialing Li, Miao Zhu, <em>et al.</em></span></div> <div style="color:white;padding-top:10px;font-size:1.0em;color:#eae3ff;"><strong>Optica <strong>12</strong>(2) 255-258 (2025)</strong></div> </div> <div class="media-twbs-body col-sm-4" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:12px;margin-top:10px;"> <a href="/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-33-4-7841" style="color:white;font-size:1.2em;" >Fabrication and performance of high refractive index achromatic gradient index chalcogenide glass</a> <div style="padding-top:10px;"><span class="muted" style="color:#ccc;font-size:1.0em;">Xiaodong Chen, Senlin Yan, Yan Wu, Guang Jia, Kelun Xia, <em>et al.</em></span></div> <div style="color:white;padding-top:10px;font-size:1.0em;color:#eae3ff;"><strong>Opt. Express <strong>33</strong>(4) 7841-7851 (2025)</strong></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 col-xs-12" style="background-color:#767676; height:500px;"> <div class="homepage-header" style="color:white;">Image of the Week</div> <div width="100%"> <center> <div class="position-relative gif-container"> <img id="staticImg" src="/images\weekly\feb10_25.png" height="233" width="222" style="display:none;" alt="See Visualization 2 in Opt. Express 33(2), 3145-3161 (2025). (Static)"> <img id="animatedGif" class="lazyimg" src="/images/ajax-loader-big.gif" data-src="/images\weekly\feb10_25.gif" height="233" width="222" class="img-responsive" alt="See Visualization 2 in Opt. Express 33(2), 3145-3161 (2025)."/> <div id="playPauseIcon" class="icon-container position-absolute top-0 mt-2 end-0 mr-2"> <i id="icon" class="fa fa-pause" style="font-size: 24px; color: white;"></i> </div> </div> <noscript> <img src="/images\weekly\feb10_25.gif" height="233" width="222" class="img-responsive" /> </noscript> </center> </div> <div style="width: 100%; color: white;"> 10 February 2025 <br><br> <strong>Data-driven and model-guided iterative reconstruction framework for simultaneous sparse-view and ring artifact reduction in synchrotron X-ray microtomography</strong> <br><br> <a href="/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-33-2-3145" style="color:white;">See Visualization 2 in Opt. Express 33(2), 3145-3161 (2025).</a> <br><br> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row" style="background-color:#d7d7d7;"> <div class="col-sm-6" style="padding:1.5em 4em 1em 4em;"> <div class="opn-join"> <div class="opn-join__cover-container"> <img src="/images/Cover-OPN1.jpg" class="opn-join__top-cover" width="127" height="175" alt="opn older cover"/> <img src="/images/Cover-OPN2.jpg" class="opn-join__bottom-cover" width="127" height="175" alt="opn cover"/> </div> <div style="text-align:left"> <p><a href="https://www.optica-opn.org/home/"><strong>Optics &amp; Photonics News (OPN)</strong></a> is the society's monthly news magazine.</h5> <p>Subscription is a benefit of society membership.</p> </div> <a class="btn btn-primary opn-join__button" href="https://www.optica.org/en-us/membership_education/join/">JOIN NOW</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="homepage-header" style="margin-top:1.5em;margin-bottom:1.5em;">January Top Downloads for Journals&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="muted" href="/moredownloads.cfm">More ></a></div> <div style="width: 100%; margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:30px;"> <table> <tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top"><div class="circle" style="margin-right:10px;" id="tdcircle1">1</div></td> <tr><td><a class="topdl_link topdl_homepage" href="/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-11-12-1700" onmouseover="$('#tdcircle1').addClass('hovered'); return false;" onmouseout="$('#tdcircle1').removeClass('hovered'); return false;">Quantum teleportation coexisting with classical communications in optical fiber</a> (Optica)</td></tr> </table> </div> <div style="width: 100%; margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:30px;"> <table> <tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top"><div class="circle" style="margin-right:10px;" id="tdcircle2">2</div></td> <tr><td><a class="topdl_link topdl_homepage" href="/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-32-27-48786" onmouseover="$('#tdcircle2').addClass('hovered'); return false;" onmouseout="$('#tdcircle2').removeClass('hovered'); return false;">Multispectral imaging through scattering media and around corners via spectral component separation</a> (Opt. Express)</td></tr> </table> </div> <div style="width: 100%; margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:30px;"> <table> <tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top"><div class="circle" style="margin-right:10px;" id="tdcircle3">3</div></td> <tr><td><a class="topdl_link topdl_homepage" href="/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-64-7-B13" onmouseover="$('#tdcircle3').addClass('hovered'); return false;" onmouseout="$('#tdcircle3').removeClass('hovered'); return false;">Liquid-crystal-based diffractive optical elements with high Pancharatnam-Berry phase accuracy for holographic displays fabricated using an optimized liquid crystal on silicon device</a> (Appl. Opt.)</td></tr> </table> </div> <div style="width: 100%; margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:30px;"> <table> <tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top"><div class="circle" style="margin-right:10px;" id="tdcircle4">4</div></td> <tr><td><a class="topdl_link topdl_homepage" href="/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-32-22-38516" onmouseover="$('#tdcircle4').addClass('hovered'); return false;" onmouseout="$('#tdcircle4').removeClass('hovered'); return false;">Coherent time- and wavelength-division multiplexed point-to-multipoint optical access network using low-cost DFB lasers enabled by a frequency comb</a> (Opt. Express)</td></tr> </table> </div> <div style="width: 100%; margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:30px;"> <table> <tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top"><div class="circle" style="margin-right:10px;" id="tdcircle5">5</div></td> <tr><td><a class="topdl_link topdl_homepage" href="/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-64-7-B58" onmouseover="$('#tdcircle5').addClass('hovered'); return false;" onmouseout="$('#tdcircle5').removeClass('hovered'); return false;">Head-mounted projector with a wide visual-field and three degrees of freedom in electro-holography</a> (Appl. Opt.)</td></tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row" style="background-color:#fff;"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="homepage-header">Spotlight on Optics&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="muted" href="/spotlight/">More ></a></div> <div class="spotlight-list"> <div class="spotlight-homepage-box"> <div class="spotlight__journal-title">Applied Optics</div> <center><a href="/spotlight/summary.cfm?id=563366" aria-label="read article ao-63-33-8548 here"><img class="media-object img-shadow" alt="ao-63-33-8548 thumbnail" src="/getThumbnail.cfm?uri=ao-63-33-8548" width="100" height="100" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"></a></center> <a href="/spotlight/summary.cfm?id=563366">Mid-infrared arrayed waveguide gratings using a quantum cascade laser gain medium as core material</a> <br><span class="muted">Summary by Dongbo Wang</span> <p style="margin-top:0px;">Mid-infrared integrated photonics has garnered significant interests due to its wide-ranging applications, including...</p> </div> <div class="spotlight-homepage-box"> <div class="spotlight__journal-title">Optics Letters</div> <center><a href="/spotlight/summary.cfm?id=566312" aria-label="read article ol-50-1-221 here"><img class="media-object img-shadow" alt="ol-50-1-221 thumbnail" src="/getThumbnail.cfm?uri=ol-50-1-221" width="100" height="100" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"></a></center> <a href="/spotlight/summary.cfm?id=566312">Paley鈥揥iener partially coherent sources</a> <br><span class="muted">Summary by Gemma Piquero</span> <p style="margin-top:0px;">The Fourier transform is one of the most powerful and known tools in many fields of physics and engineering. It is...</p> </div> <div class="spotlight-homepage-box"> <div class="spotlight__journal-title">Photonics Research</div> <center><a href="/spotlight/summary.cfm?id=557133" aria-label="read article prj-12-9-1927 here"><img class="media-object img-shadow" alt="prj-12-9-1927 thumbnail" src="/getThumbnail.cfm?uri=prj-12-9-1927" width="100" height="100" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"></a></center> <a href="/spotlight/summary.cfm?id=557133">Manipulating exciton confinement for stable and efficient flexible quantum dot light-emitting diodes</a> <br><span class="muted">Summary by Mar铆a Bernechea</span> <p style="margin-top:0px;">Solutions from the quantum world to develop efficient and stable flexible LEDs<br/><br/>Light emitting diodes (LEDs)...</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="homepage-header">Announcements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="muted" href="/morenews.cfm">More ></a></div> <div style="border-left: 1px solid #d7d7d7;"> <table> <tr> <td valign="top" style="color:#7800cc; font-weight:600; font-size:1.2em; padding: 0px 10px;">06</td> <td valign="top" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #d7d7d7"><strong>OPTICA</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="color:#7800cc; font-weight:600; font-size:1.2em; padding: 0px 10px;">FEB<br><span class="muted">2025</span></td> <td valign="top"><i>Optica</i> Research - <a href="https://www.optica.org/about/newsroom/news_releases/2025/single-photon_lidar_delivers_detailed_3d_images_at_distances_up_to_1_kilometer/">Single-photon LiDAR delivers detailed 3D images at distances up to 1 kilometer</a></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="color:#7800cc; font-weight:600; font-size:1.2em; padding: 0px 10px;">04</td> <td valign="top" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #d7d7d7"><strong>OPTICA PUBLISHING GROUP</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="color:#7800cc; font-weight:600; font-size:1.2em; padding: 0px 10px;">FEB<br><span class="muted">2025</span></td> <td valign="top">Optica Publishing Group recognizes the International Year of Quantum with a new <a href="https://opg.optica.org/content/collection/page/item/quantum100years/">curated article collection</a></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="color:#7800cc; font-weight:600; font-size:1.2em; padding: 0px 10px;">30</td> <td valign="top" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #d7d7d7"><strong>OPTICA</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="color:#7800cc; font-weight:600; font-size:1.2em; padding: 0px 10px;">JAN<br><span class="muted">2025</span></td> <td valign="top"><i>Optica</i> Research - <a href="https://www.optica.org/about/newsroom/news_releases/2025/researchers_combine_holograms_and_ai_to_create_uncrackable_optical_encryption_system/">Researchers combine holograms and AI to create uncrackable optical encryption system</a></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td></tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> <div id="formErrors" class="modal fade" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="close"> <span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span> </button> <h4 class="modal-title">Field Error</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p id="formErrorsText"></p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button class="btn btn-primary" data-dismiss="modal">Ok</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="avsModal" class="avs-modal"> <div id="avsModalContent" class="avs-modal-content"> <strong>Select <span id="titleFiltersPopup"></span> as filters</strong> <hr> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="input-collapse"> <input id="input-popup-selectize" type="text" class="form-control selectized" placeholder="(type names or look up list)" tabindex="-1" aria-label="type names or look up list"/> <div class="selectize-control form-control multi"></div> </div> </div> </div> <hr> <ul id="checkBoxList"></ul> <hr> <span id="avsModalSubmit" class="btn btn-primary">Select Topics</span> <span id="avsModalClose" class="cancel"> Cancel</span> </div> </div> <footer><div class="container ft-links"><a id="global-nav"></a> <nav aria-label="Back to top"><div class="top-button"><a href="#" style="color:white;"><span class="fi-arrow-up"> Top </span></a></div></nav> <div class="col-sm-3"> <ul class="ft-links-list"> <li><a href="/">Publishing Home</a></li> <li><a href="/about.cfm">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/conferences.cfm">Conferences</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://opticapreprints.figshare.com/">Preprints (Optica Open) <span class="fal fa-external-link"></span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="ft-links-list"> <li class="ft-links-header">Information for</li> <li><a href="/content/author/">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/content/reviewer/">Reviewers</a></li> <li><a href="/library/">Librarians</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <ul class="ft-links-list"> <li class="ft-links-header">Open Access Information</li> <li><a href="/content/author/portal/item/review-open-access-policy-stat/">Open Access Statement and Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/library/license_v2.cfm">Terms for Journal Article Reuse</a></li> </ul> <ul class="ft-links-list"> <li class="ft-links-header">Other Resources</li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://opticapreprints.figshare.com/" >Optica Open <span class="fal fa-external-link"></span></a></li> <li><a href="/content/bookshelf/">Optica Publishing Group Bookshelf</a></li> <li><a href="/info/opticsimagebank.cfm">Optics ImageBank</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.optica-opn.org/home/" target="_blank">Optics &amp; Photonics News <span class="fal fa-external-link"></span></a></li> <li><a href="/spotlight/">Spotlight on Optics</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.optica.org">Optica Home</a></li> </ul> <!-- mobile only regional sites link --> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <ul class="ft-links-list"> <li class="ft-links-header">About</li> <!--"INDUSTRY REPORTS" LINK TEMPORARILY DISABLED ON 3/3/2023 UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE FROM CORP DEPT.--> <!--li><a href="/industryreports.cfm">Industry Reports</a></li--> <li><a href="/about.cfm">About Optica Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/info/benefitslog.cfm">About My Account</a></li> <li><a href="/user/toc_alerts_subscribe.cfm">Sign up for Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/info/contactus.cfm">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick="popUpWindow('/submitFeedback.cfm?url='+escape(document.location.href),700,490); return false;">Send Us Feedback</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right navbar-ft hidden-sm hidden-xs d-flex flex-row"> <li class="dropdown" style="border:1px solid #6c6c6c; margin-right: 10px;"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle navbar-ft-header" data-bs-toggle="dropdown">My Favorites <strong class="caret"></strong></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu up"> <li><a href="/user">Go to My Account</a></li> <li><a href="#" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#userLogin">Login to access favorites</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown" style="border:1px solid #6c6c6c;"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle navbar-ft-header" data-bs-toggle="dropdown">Recent Pages <strong class="caret"></strong></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu up recent-page-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3 col-md-offset-9 text-right" style="margin-top:-40px;"> <a class="ft-links-header purple-hover" href="https://www.twitter.com/OpticaPubsGroup" target="_blank" aria-label="Follow @OpticaPubsGroup on Twitter"> <span class="fab fa-2x fa-square-x-twitter">&nbsp;</span> </a> <a class="ft-links-header purple-hover" href="https://www.facebook.com/OpticaWorldwide" target="_blank" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook"> <span class="fab fa-2x fa-facebook-square">&nbsp;</span> </a> <a class="ft-links-header purple-hover" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/optica-worldwide/" target="_blank" aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn"> <span class="fab fa-2x fa-linkedin">&nbsp;</span> </a> <a class="ft-links-header purple-hover" href="/toc_alerts_subscribe.cfm" target="_blank" aria-label="RSS Alerts"> <span class="fas fa-2x fa-rss-square">&nbsp;</span> </a> </div> </div></div> <div class="ft-bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-sm-10"> &copy; Copyright 2025 | Optica Publishing Group. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar technologies. </div> <div class="col-sm-2 ft-right"> <a class="footer-link" href="/info/privacy.cfm">Privacy</a> | <a class="footer-link" href="/info/termsofuse.cfm">Terms of Use</a> </div> </div> </div></footer> <div class="modal fade" id="userLogin" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog login-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header flex-row-reverse"> <button type="button" class="close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">&times;</button> <h4 class="modal-title">Login or <a href="https://account.optica.org/eweb/dynamicpage.aspx?sso=1&site=osac&webcode=loginrequired&url_success=https%3A%2F%2Fopg%2Eoptica%2Eorg%2Fdefault%2Ecfm%3F%26usertoken%3D%7Btoken%7D%26ca%3D1">Create Account</a></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <form class="form-horizontal" role="form"> <div class="alert alert-danger loginErr"></div> <div class="alert alert-warning loginLoading">Please wait...</div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="inputEmail" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail" placeholder="Email" autofocus> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="inputPassword" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password"> <span class="help-block"><a href="https://account.optica.org/eweb/Dynamicpage.aspx?webcode=forgotpassword&Site=osac">Forgot your password?</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox" id="rememberme"> Remember me on this computer </label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" id="loginButton">Login</button> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default" data-bs-dismiss="modal" data-bs-target="#userLogin">Cancel</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <div class="col-xs-12" style="text-align: left"><a href="https://auth.optica.org/connect/authorize?client_id=osap&response_type=id_token token&scope=openid email profile affiliation&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fopg%2Eoptica%2Eorg%2Fdefault%2Ecfm&state=665E994F-C6E6-4CB4-A7D390C9DE98BCAB|https%3A%2F%2Fopg%2Eoptica%2Eorg%2Fdefault%2Ecfm%3F&nonce=665E994F-C6E6-4CB4-A7D390C9DE98BCAB&acr_values=idp:oa&response_mode=form_post">Institutional Login</a> (Optica Publishing Group participates in eduGAIN)</div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <div class="col-xs-12" style="text-align: left"><a href="https://auth.optica.org/connect/authorize?client_id=osap&response_type=id_token token&scope=openid email profile affiliation&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fopg%2Eoptica%2Eorg%2Fdefault%2Ecfm&state=665E994F-C6E6-4CB4-A7D390C9DE98BCAB|https%3A%2F%2Fopg%2Eoptica%2Eorg%2Fdefault%2Ecfm%3F&nonce=665E994F-C6E6-4CB4-A7D390C9DE98BCAB&acr_values=idp:oa&response_mode=form_post">China CARSI Member Access</a></div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <div class="col-xs-12" style="text-align: left"><a href="/openathens.cfm?entity=https%3A%2F%2Fpassport.escience.cn%2Fidp%2Fshibboleth">China CAoS Member Access</a></div> </div> <div class="modal-footer flex-nowrap"> <div class="col-xs-6" style="text-align: left"><a href="/info/privacy.cfm">Privacy Policy</a></div> <div class="col-xs-6"><a href="https://www.optica.org/help/">Need help?</a> <i class="fal fa-info-circle"></i></div> </div> </div><!-- /.modal-content --> </div><!-- /.modal-dialog --> </div><!-- /.modal --> </div> <!-- <script> document.write('<script src=' + ('__proto__' in {} ? 'js/vendor/zepto' : 'js/vendor/jquery') + '.js><\/script>') </script> --> <!--these are the concatenated scripts - when we're done with the JS, we should put together a cfif to serve these if it's not on development--> <!-- <script src="/js/libraries.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/app.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/full-search.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> --> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.js" integrity="sha256-eKhayi8LEQwp4NKxN+CfCh+3qOVUtJn3QNZ0TciWLP4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/js/vendor/jquery.autocomplete.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/vendor/selectize.js?v=11102021"></script> <script src="/js/vendor/selectize.custom.js"></script> <script src="/js/vendor/sly.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery.tinysort.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/app.js?v=01162025"></script> <script src="/js/recentPages.js?v=11102021"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/purify.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.2/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-MrcW6ZMFYlzcLA8Nl+NtUVF0sA7MsXsP1UyJoMp4YLEuNSfAP+JcXn/tWtIaxVXM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/js/quickpager.jquery.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery.unveil.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.tokeninput.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.base64.js"></script> <script src="/js/search.js?v=12202024"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/underscore.js"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/ui/1.13.2/jquery-ui.js" integrity="sha256-xLD7nhI62fcsEZK2/v8LsBcb4lG7dgULkuXoXB/j91c=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/ApiClient.js?v=02082023"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Bus.js?v=02082023"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Config.js?v=02082023"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Constants.js?v=02082023"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Template.js?v=02082023"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Facet.js?v=02082023"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Pagination.js?v=02082023"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Results.js?v=02082023"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Search.js?v=12202024"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Topics.js?v=02082023"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Util.js?v=02082023"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/search/Main.js?v=02082023"></script> <!-- templates --> <script type="text/template" id="template-page-size-selector"> <%= selected %> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <%= unselected %> </ul> </script> <script type="text/template" id="template-pagination-selected-page-size"> <a class="page_size_<%= size %> btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" href="#"> <%= size %> <span class="caret"></span> </a> </script> <script type="text/template" id="template-pagination-unselected-page-size"> <li><a class="page_size_<%= size %>" href="#"><%= size %></a></li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-row"> <li class="sr-item"> <input type="checkbox" class="sri-select hidden-xs" name="articles" value="<%= documentUri %>" aria-label="<%= documentUri %> checkbox"/> <div class="sri-summary"> <p class="sri-title"><a href="<%= path %>abstract.cfm?uri=<%= documentUri %>&origin=search" target="_blank"><%= title %><%= videoIcon %></a></p> <span class="sri-authors"><%= authors %></span> <ul class="sri-details"> <li class="sri-year"><%= year %></li> <li class="sri-journal"><%= access%> <%= name %><strong>&nbsp; View: <%= htmlLinks %><%= pdfLinks %></strong><%= xinfo %></li> </ul> <div class="sri-toggle-extended fi-plus"> </div> </div> <div class="sri-extended"> <div class="d-flex"> <img src="<%= imgLink%>" class="sri-image" height="100" width="100" alt="" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 150px; height: auto;" onerror="this.parentNode.removeChild(this);" /> <div> <p class="sri-abstract"><%= abstract %></p> <ul class="sri-hits list-unstyled"> <%= searchHits %> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-image-result-row"> <li class="sr-item sr-item-image"> <div class="sri-summary"> <h3 class="sri-title"> <a href="<%= path %>" target="_blank"> <%= title %> </a> </h3> <span class="sri-authors"><%= authors %></span> <ul class="sri-details"> <li class="sri-year"><%= year %></li> <li class="sri-journal"><%= access %> <%= journalTitle %> <strong><%= volume %></strong>(<%= issue %>) <%=firstPage %>&nbsp; <strong>View:</strong> <a href="<%= path %>" target="_blank">Image</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="sri-image-details"> <img src="<%= imgLink%>" class="sri-image" height="100" width="100" alt="<%=title%> thumbnail" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 150px; height: auto;"/> <p class="sri-abstract"> <strong>Caption:</strong>&nbsp;<%= figLabel %><%= caption %></p> </div> </li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-hit"> <li>&hellip;<%= hitText %>&hellip;</li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-snippet-highlighted"><strong><%= text %></strong></script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-snippet-xinfo"> [<%= xinfo %>]</script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-snippet-pdf"><a href="<%= pdfUri %>" target="_blank">PDF</a></script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-snippet-html"><a href="<%= htmlUri %>" target="_blank">HTML</a> | </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-element-visible">display:inline</script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-element-hidden">display:none</script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-element-nbsp">&nbsp;</script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet"> <h5 class="bg1"> <span class="float_l"> <input type="checkbox" name="chkAllFacet-<%= name %>"> <%= facetName %> </input> </span> <%= moreLink %> <a id="sortby-<%= name %>" class="sidebar_more white" href="#">Sort</a> </h5> <ul id="facet-values-<%= name %>"> <%= facetValues %> </ul> </script> <script type="text/template" id="facet-publications"> <ul class="sf-list"> <li class="sf-list_list-item"><input id="publicationsAll" class="sf-select-all sf-list_input" type="checkbox" checked="checked" disabled="disabled"/> <label class="sf-list_label" for="publicationsAll">All</label></li> <li class="sf-list_list-item"><input id="facet-publications-journals" class="sf-list_input" type="checkbox" name="publications"/> <label class="sf-list_label" for="facet-publications-journals">Journals <span class="facet-count">(<%= totalJournals %>)</span></label></li> <li class="sf-list_list-item"><input id="facet-publications-proceedings" class="sf-list_input" type="checkbox" name="proceedings"/> <label class="sf-list_label" for="facet-publications-proceedings">Conferences <span class="facet-count">(<%= totalProceedings %>)</span></label></li> <li class="sf-list_list-item"><input id="facet-publications-reports" class="sf-list_input" type="checkbox" name="reports"/> <label class="sf-list_label" for="facet-publications-reports">Industry Reports <span class="facet-count">(<%= totalReports %>)</span></label></li> </ul> </div> <div class="sf-module sf-journals"> <div class="row2"> <p id="facet-journal-show" class="sf-group-title collapsed" style="text-transform: none !important;">Journals</p> <div id="sortJournal" class="sf-sort"></div> </div> <div id="facet-journal-values"> </div> </div> <div class="sf-module sf-proceedings"> <div class="row2"> <p id="facet-proceeding-show" class="sf-group-title collapsed" style="text-transform: none !important;">Conferences</p> <div id="sortProceeding" class="sf-sort"></div> </div> <div id="facet-proceeding-values"></div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet-basics"> <ul class="sf-list"> <li class="sf-select-all"><input id="<%= allId %>" type="checkbox" checked="checked" disabled="disabled"/> <label for="<%= allId %>">All</label></li> <%= values %> <li class="sf-expanded"> <a href="#" id="more-<%= allId %>" class="search-panel_more-link" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#modal-<%= allId %>">more <%=name%> &raquo;</a> <div class="modal full fade" id="modal-<%= allId %>"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content search"> <div class="row mbottom-20"> <div class="col-md-4"> <h3 class="modal-header search"><%= modalTitle %></h3> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-2"> <input id="input-<%= allId%>" type="text" class="form-control selectized" placeholder="(type names or look up list)" tabindex="-1" aria-label="type names or look up list"></input> <div class="selectize-control form-control multi"></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal_option-container mbottom-20 scrollable" id="moreUl-<%=allId%>"> </div> <hr> <div class="d-flex"> <a href="#" id="apply-<%= allId %>" class="btn btn-primary mr-1" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Apply Filters</a> <a href="#" id="cancel-<%= allId %>" class="btn btn-default" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Cancel</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet-terms"> <ul class="sf-list"> <li class="sf-select-all"> <input id="<%= allId %>" type="checkbox" checked="checked" disabled="disabled"/> <label for="<%= allId %>">Remove all topic filters</label> </li> <%= values %> <li class="sf-expanded"> <a href="#" id="more-<%= allId %>" class="search-panel_more-link hidden-xs" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#modal-<%= allId %>">include more topics &raquo;</a> <div class="modal full fade" id="modal-<%= allId %>"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content search"> <div class="row mbottom-20"> <div class="col-md-4"> <h3 class="modal-header search">Optics &amp; Photonics Topics</h3> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-2"> <input id="input-<%= allId%>" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search for a specific topic" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Search for a specific topic"></input> </div> </div> <div class="row mbottom-20"> <div class="col-md-12"> <strong>Browse the topics:</strong> Click the <svg class="selection-list_arrow"><use xlink:href="#right-arrow" /></svg> to reveal subtopics. Use the checkbox to select a topic to filter your search. </div> </div> <div class="modal_option-container mbottom-20 scrollable" id="moreUl-<%=allId%>"> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <strong>Selected Topics</strong> </div> </div> <div id="moreSelectedList"></div> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-12">&nbsp;<!-- spacing row --></div></div> <div class="d-flex"> <a href="#" id="apply-<%= allId %>" class="btn btn-primary mr-1" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Add Selected Topic Filters</a> <a href="#" id="cancel-<%= allId %>" class="btn btn-default" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Cancel</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet-journal-proceedings"> <ul class="sf-list"> <li class="sf-select-all"><input id="<%= allId %>" type="checkbox" checked> <label for="<%= allId %>">All</label></li> <%= values %> <li class="sf-expanded"> <a href="#" id="more-<%= allId %>" class="search-panel_more-link" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#modal-<%= allId %>" class="sf-expanded-toggle">more <%=name%> &raquo;</a> <div class="modal full fade" id="modal-<%= allId %>"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content search"> <div class="row mbottom-20"> <div class="col-md-4"> <h3 class="modal-header search"><%= modalTitle%></h3> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-2"> <input id="input-<%= allId%>" type="text" class="form-control selectized" placeholder="(type names or look up list)" tabindex="-1" aria-label="type names or look up list"></input> <div class="selectize-control form-control multi"></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal_option-container mbottom-20 scrollable" id="moreUl-<%=allId%>"> </div> <hr> <div class="d-flex"> <a href="#" id="apply-<%= allId %>" class="btn btn-primary mr-1" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Apply Filters</a> <a href="#" id="cancel-<%= allId %>" class="btn btn-default" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Cancel</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet-content"> <ul class="sf-list"> <%= values %> </ul> </script> <script type="text/template" id="facet-more-new-content"> <div class="more-columns_container"> <div class="more-columns_column"><ul class="selection-list"><%= val1%></ul></div> <div class="more-columns_column"><ul class="selection-list"><%= val2%></ul></div> <div class="more-columns_column"><ul class="selection-list"><%= val3%></ul></div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="facet-more-terms-div"> <div class="more-columns_container"> <div class="more-columns_column" id="<%= name%>-col1"><%= val%></div> <div class="more-columns_column" id="<%= name%>-col2"></div> <div class="more-columns_column" id="<%= name%>-col3"></div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="facet-more-terms-list"> <ul class="selection-list"><%= val%></ul> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet-more"> <a id="more-<%= name %>" href="#" class="sidebar_more white">More</a> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet-detail"> <a href="#" id="details-link-<%= id %>" class="sidebar_more black">details</a> <ul id="details-container-<%= id %>" class="list-unstyled" style="display:none;" data-value="<%= valName %>"></ul> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet-value"> <li class="sf-list_list-item <%= rowclass %>" style="<%= display %>"> <input type="checkbox" class="sf-list_input <%= boxstyle %>" name="chkFacet-<%= name %>" value="<%= code %>" aria-label="<%= dataValue %>" data-value="<%= dataValue %>" id="<%= id %>" <%= checked %> acronym="<%= acronym %>" /> <% if (hasCloseButton === true) { %> <div <% if (isbold != '') { %> class="sf-list_label sf-authors-bold" <% } else { %> class="sf-list_label" style="margin-bottom:5px"<% } %>><%= valName %><span class="facet-count"><%= valCount %></span> <span class="fal fa-times-circle facet-value_toggle purple-color"></span></div> <%= detail%> <% } else { %> <label <%= title%> for="<%= id %>" <% if (isbold != '') { %> class="sf-list_label sf-authors-bold" <% } else { %> class="sf-list_label" <% } %>><%= valName %> <span class="facet-count"><%= valCount %></span></label> <%= detail%> <% } %> </li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="more-term-facet-value"> <li class="selection-list_list-item" style="<%= display %>"> <input id="<%= labelid %>" class="selection-list_checkbox" type="checkbox" name="<%= name %>" data-value="<%= dataValue %>" <%= checked %> <%= boxstyle %>/><div class="selection-list_link" name="text-<%= name %>" data-value="<%= dataValue %>" <%= clazz %>><label for="<%= labelid %>" style="font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0px;"><%= valName %><% if (valCount != "") { %> <span class="more-facet-count"><%= valCount %></span><% } %></label></div><% if (isx === true) { %><a href="#" aria-label="selection expander" class="selection-list_expander <%= inputname%>-expandin"><svg class="selection-list_arrow"><use xlink:href="#right-arrow" /></svg></a><% } %> </li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="more-term-selected"> <div class="selected-facet" data-topic="<%= finalTopic %>"> <%= val %> <a href="#" name="selected-x" aria-label="<%= dataValue %>" data-value="<%= dataValue %>" count="<%= cnt %>" class="selected-facet_close" ><span class="fal fa-times-circle purple-color"></span></a> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet-class"> class="" </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet-style-normal"> style="font-weight:normal" </script> <script type="text/template" id="search-result-facet-sort-popup"> <p> <input type="radio" id='<%= name %>:item-order:ascending' name="facetSortBy" value='<%= name %>:item-order:ascending' > <label for='<%= name %>:item-order:ascending'><%= label %> ascending</label><br> <input type="radio" id='<%= name %>:item-order:descending' name="facetSortBy" value='<%= name %>:item-order:descending' > <label for='<%= name %>:item-order:descending'><%= label %> descending</label><br> <input type="radio" id='<%= name %>:frequency-order:ascending' name="facetSortBy" value='<%= name %>:frequency-order:ascending' > <label for='<%= name %>:frequency-order:ascending'>Frequency ascending</label><br> <input type="radio" id='<%= name %>:frequency-order:descending' name="facetSortBy" value='<%= name %>:frequency-order:descending'> <label for='<%= name %>:frequency-order:descending'>Frequency descending</label> </p> </script> <script type="text/template" id="filter-selected"> <li class="label filter-tag filter-tag--<%= filterType %>"> <%= filterValue %> <a class="inline-dismiss"><span name="filterSelected" id="<%= filterId %>" class="fal fa-times purple-color" data-value="<%= filterValue %>"></span></a></li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="filter-search"> <li class="filter-search label filter-tag filter-tag--<%= filterType %>"> <%= filterLabel %> <a class="inline-dismiss"><span name="filterSelected" id="<%= filterId %>" class="fal fa-times purple-color" data-value="<%= filterValue %>"></span></a></li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="publication-sort-template"> <button class="sf-sort-toggle"><i class="fas fa-sort"></i><span class="sr-only">sort</span></button> <div class="sf-sort-popup"> <ul> <li class="active"><a href="#" name="sort-<%= type%>" data-value="<%= type%>:frequency-order:descending">Article Count</a></li> <li><a href="#" name="sort-<%= type%>" data-value="<%= type%>:item-order:ascending">Alphabetical A>Z</a></li> <li><a href="#" name="sort-<%= type%>" data-value="<%= type%>:item-order:descending">Alphabetical Z>A</a></li> </ul> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="author-topic-sort-template"> <button class="sf-sort-toggle"><i class="fas fa-sort"></i><span class="sr-only">sort</span></button> <div class="sf-sort-popup"> <ul> <li class="active"><a href="#" name="sort-<%= type%>" data-value="<%= type%>:frequency-order:descending">Article Count</a></li> <li><a href="#" name="sort-<%= type%>" data-value="<%= type%>:item-order:ascending">Alphabetical A>Z</a></li> <li><a href="#" name="sort-<%= type%>" data-value="<%= type%>:item-order:descending">Alphabetical Z>A</a></li> </ul> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="year-sort-template"> <button class="sf-sort-toggle"><i class="fas fa-sort"></i><span class="sr-only">sort</span></button> <div class="sf-sort-popup"> <ul> <li class="active"><a href="#" name="sort-year" data-value="year:item-order:descending">Newest date first</a></li> <li><a href="#" name="sort-year" data-value="year:item-order:ascending">Oldest date first</a></li> <li><a href="#" name="sort-year" data-value="year:frequency-order:descending">Article Count</a></li> </ul> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="more-pop-up-template"> <%= values%> </script> <script type="text/template" id="loading-gif-template"> <li><img style="position:center; display:none;" src="../images/ajax-loader.gif"/></li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="all-plus-separator-template"> <li class="sf-select-all"><input id="<%= allId %>" type="checkbox" > <label for="<%= allId %>">All</label></li> </script> <script type="text/template" id="more-topic-column-header"> <div class="selection-list_header"><%= name %></div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="loader"> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-striped active" role="progress-bar" id="progress-<%= allId %>"></div> </div> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $.get('/checkjs.cfm?s=FQ6CBBK'); populateRecentPages(); $("img").removeClass("lazyimg").unveil(100); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaAcct = "UA-1200622-15"; function downloadJSAtOnload() { var element = document.createElement("script"); element.src = "/js/loadJS.js"; document.body.appendChild(element); } if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener("load", downloadJSAtOnload, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent("onload", downloadJSAtOnload); else window.onload = downloadJSAtOnload; </script> <!-- OSAP1904 --> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10