CINXE.COM

Ministry of Defence | About Defence | History

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en-gb"> <head profile="http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html"> <script src="//archive.org/includes/athena.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){var v=archive_analytics.values;v.service='wb';v.server_name='wwwb-app217.us.archive.org';v.server_ms=390;archive_analytics.send_pageview({});});</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/","20110414082748","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1302769668"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv"><!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <title>Ministry of Defence | About Defence | History</title> <link href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" rel="schema.DC"> <meta name="eGMS.accessibility" scheme="WCAG" content="AA"> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/History.htm"> <meta name="DC.date.modified" content="2010-09-14T13:32:05-00:00"><base href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/Templates/ShortListPage.aspx?NRMODE=Published&amp;NRNODEGUID=%7b141EA999-B3EB-46B6-BC0A-C9719B3FFB70%7d&amp;NRORIGINALURL=%2fDefenceInternet%2fAboutDefence%2fHistory%2f&amp;NRCACHEHINT=Guest"> <meta name="DC.title" content="History"> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en-gb"> <meta name="DC.description" content="Find out more about the history of people and events that have shaped today's MOD."> <meta name="DC.publisher" content="Ministry of Defence"> <meta name="UKMOD.creator.owner" content="CIO-CI-ISG"> <meta name="DC.creator" content="Mod Internet Team"> <meta name="UKMOD.date.valid.start" content="2005-12-08T00:00:00-00:00"> <meta name="DC.audience" content="None"> <meta name="DC.date.created" content="08/12/2005"> <meta name="UKMOD.type.templateType" content="ShortListPage"> <meta name="UKMOD.date.valid.end" content="3000-01-01T00:00:00-00:00"> <link media="screen" href="/web/20110414082748cs_/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/Styles/common.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <link media="print" href="/web/20110414082748cs_/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/Styles/print.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/web/20110414082748js_/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/Scripts/search-form.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <link rel="meta" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.mod.uk/labels.rdf" type="application/rdf+xml" title="ICRA labels"> <meta http-equiv="pics-label" content="(pics-1.1 &quot;http://www.icra.org/ratingsv02.html&quot; comment &quot;ICRAonline v2.0&quot; l gen true for &quot;http://www.mod.uk&quot; r (nz 0 vz 0 lz 0 oz 0 cz 0) &quot;http://www.rsac.org/ratingsv01.html&quot; l gen true for &quot;http://www.mod.uk&quot; r (n 0 s 0 v 0 l 0))"> <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-gb"> <meta name="WT.cg_n" content="AboutDefence"> <meta name="WT.cg_s" content="History"> <meta name="WT.ti" content="Ministry of Defence | About Defence | History"> <meta name="DCS.dcsuri" content="http://www.mod.uk/defenceinternet/aboutdefence/history/history.htm"> <meta name="DCSext.UKMOD.type.templateType" content="ShortListPage"> <link media="screen" href="/web/20110414082748cs_/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/styles/two-column.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <link media="screen" href="/web/20110414082748cs_/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/styles/rolehub.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <meta content="Microsoft Visual Studio 7.0" name="GENERATOR"> <meta content="C#" name="CODE_LANGUAGE"> <meta content="JavaScript" name="vs_defaultClientScript"> <meta content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5" name="vs_targetSchema"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SDZVnIGteOc.O/am=DAY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpg5c7Ir1xu4O4UYB2MrBzTy-7gWA/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SDZVnIGteOc.O/am=DAY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpg5c7Ir1xu4O4UYB2MrBzTy-7gWA/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SDZVnIGteOc.O/am=DAY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpg5c7Ir1xu4O4UYB2MrBzTy-7gWA/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="en" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/&amp;anno=2" data-client="tr"></script><!-- BEGIN WAYBACK TOOLBAR INSERT --> <script>__wm.rw(0);</script> <div id="wm-ipp-base" lang="en" style="display:none;direction:ltr;"> <div id="wm-ipp" style="position:fixed;left:0;top:0;right:0;"> <div id="donato" style="position:relative;width:100%;"> <div id="donato-base"><iframe id="donato-if" src="https://archive.org/includes/donate.php?as_page=1&amp;platform=wb&amp;referer=https%3A//web.archive.org/web/20110414082748/http%3A//www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width:100%; height:100%"> </iframe> </div> </div> <div id="wm-ipp-inside"> <div id="wm-toolbar" style="position:relative;display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;justify-content:space-between;"> <div id="wm-logo" style="/*width:110px;*/padding-top:12px;"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine home page"><img src="/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-200.png" srcset="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-100.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-150.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1.5x,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-200.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB 2x" alt="Wayback Machine" style="width:100px" border="0"></a> </div> <div class="c" style="display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;justify-content:space-between;flex:1;"> <form class="u" style="display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;" target="_top" method="get" action="/web/submit" name="wmtb" id="wmtb"> <input type="text" name="url" id="wmtbURL" value="http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/" onfocus="this.focus();this.select();" style="flex:1;"><input type="hidden" name="type" value="replay"><input type="hidden" name="date" value="20110414082748"><input type="submit" value="Go"> </form> <div style="display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;align-items:flex-end;"> <div class="s" id="wm-nav-captures" style="flex:1;"><a class="t" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748*/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="See a list of every capture for this URL">480 captures</a> <div class="r" title="Timespan for captures of this URL"> 06 Feb 2006 - 07 Jun 2024 </div> </div> <div class="k"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" id="wm-graph-anchor"> <div id="wm-ipp-sparkline" title="Explore captures for this URL" style="position: relative"> <canvas id="wm-sparkline-canvas" width="725" height="27" border="0"></canvas> </div></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="n"> <table> <tbody><!-- NEXT/PREV MONTH NAV AND MONTH INDICATOR --> <tr class="m"> <td class="b" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110304022422/http://www.mod.uk:80/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="04 Mar 2011"><strong>Mar</strong></a></td> <td class="c" id="displayMonthEl" title="You are here: 08:27:48 Apr 14, 2011">APR</td> <td class="f" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110701014538/http://www.mod.uk:80/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="01 Jul 2011"><strong>Jul</strong></a></td> </tr><!-- NEXT/PREV CAPTURE NAV AND DAY OF MONTH INDICATOR --> <tr class="d"> <td class="b" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110316085145/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="08:51:45 Mar 16, 2011"><img src="/_static/images/toolbar/wm_tb_prv_on.png" alt="Previous capture" width="14" height="16" border="0"></a></td> <td class="c" id="displayDayEl" style="width:34px;font-size:22px;white-space:nowrap;" title="You are here: 08:27:48 Apr 14, 2011">14</td> <td class="f" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110504073959/http://www.mod.uk:80/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="07:39:59 May 04, 2011"><img src="/_static/images/toolbar/wm_tb_nxt_on.png" alt="Next capture" width="14" height="16" border="0"></a></td> </tr><!-- NEXT/PREV YEAR NAV AND YEAR INDICATOR --> <tr class="y"> <td class="b" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20100213202851/http://www.mod.uk:80/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13 Feb 2010"><strong>2010</strong></a></td> <td class="c" id="displayYearEl" title="You are here: 08:27:48 Apr 14, 2011">2011</td> <td class="f" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20120503221622/http://www.mod.uk:80/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="03 May 2012"><strong>2012</strong></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="r" style="display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;"> <div id="wm-btns" style="text-align:right;height:23px;"><span class="xxs"> <div id="wm-save-snapshot-success"> success </div> <div id="wm-save-snapshot-fail"> fail </div><a id="wm-save-snapshot-open" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" title="Share via My Web Archive"> <span class="iconochive-web"></span> </a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/account/login.php" title="Sign In" id="wm-sign-in"> <span class="iconochive-person"></span> </a> <span id="wm-save-snapshot-in-progress" class="iconochive-web"></span> </span> <a class="xxs" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://faq.web.archive.org/" title="Get some help using the Wayback Machine" style="top:-6px;"><span class="iconochive-question" style="color:rgb(87,186,244);font-size:160%;"></span></a> <a id="wm-tb-close" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#close" style="top:-2px;" title="Close the toolbar"><span class="iconochive-remove-circle" style="color:#888888;font-size:240%;"></span></a> </div> <div id="wm-share" class="xxs"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" id="wm-screenshot" title="screenshot"> <span class="wm-icon-screen-shot"></span> </a> <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" id="wm-video" title="video"> <span class="iconochive-movies"></span> </a> <a id="wm-share-facebook" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/" title="Share on Facebook" style="margin-right:5px;" target="_blank"><span class="iconochive-facebook" style="color:#3b5998;font-size:160%;"></span></a> <a id="wm-share-twitter" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/" title="Share on Twitter" style="margin-right:5px;" target="_blank"><span class="iconochive-twitter" style="color:#1dcaff;font-size:160%;"></span></a> </div> <div style="padding-right:2px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><a id="wm-expand" class="wm-btn wm-closed" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#expand"><span id="wm-expand-icon" class="iconochive-down-solid"></span> <span class="xxs" style="font-size:80%;">About this capture</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wm-capinfo" style="border-top:1px solid #777;display:none; overflow: hidden"> <div id="wm-capinfo-notice" source="api"></div> <div id="wm-capinfo-collected-by"> <div style="background-color:#666;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"> COLLECTED BY </div> <div style="padding:3px;position:relative" id="wm-collected-by-content"> <div style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:50%;"><span class="c-logo" style="background-image:url(https://archive.org/services/img/internetmemoryfoundation);"></span> Organization: <a style="color:#33f;" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/internetmemoryfoundation" target="_new"><span class="wm-title">Internet Memory Foundation</span></a> <div style="max-height:75px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;"> <div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:75px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom,rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 90%,rgba(255,255,255,255) 100%);"></div> Data crawled on behalf of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://internetmemory.org/en/">Internet Memory Foundation</a>. This data is currently not publicly accessible. <br><br> from <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Memory_Foundation">Wikipedia</a>: <br> The Internet Memory Foundation (formerly the European Archive Foundation) is a non profit foundation whose purpose is archiving web content, it supports projects and research which include the preservation and protection of multimedia content. Its archives form a digital library of cultural content. <br><br> </div> </div> <div style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:49%;"><span class="c-logo" style="background-image:url(https://archive.org/services/img/internetmemoryfoundation)"></span> <div> Collection: <a style="color:#33f;" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.org/details/internetmemoryfoundation" target="_new"><span class="wm-title">Internet Memory Foundation</span></a> </div> <div style="max-height:75px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;"> <div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:75px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom,rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 90%,rgba(255,255,255,255) 100%);"></div> Data crawled on behalf of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://internetmemory.org/en/">Internet Memory Foundation</a>. This data is currently not publicly accessible. <br><br> from <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Memory_Foundation">Wikipedia</a>: <br> The Internet Memory Foundation (formerly the European Archive Foundation) is a non profit foundation whose purpose is archiving web content, it supports projects and research which include the preservation and protection of multimedia content. Its archives form a digital library of cultural content. <br><br> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wm-capinfo-timestamps"> <div style="background-color:#666;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center" title="Timestamps for the elements of this page"> TIMESTAMPS </div> <div> <div id="wm-capresources" style="margin:0 5px 5px 5px;max-height:250px;overflow-y:scroll !important"></div> <div id="wm-capresources-loading" style="text-align:left;margin:0 20px 5px 5px;display:none"> <img src="/_static/images/loading.gif" alt="loading"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wm-ipp-print"> The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/ </div> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ __wm.bt(725,27,25,2,"web","http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/","20110414082748",1996,"/_static/",["/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt","/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv"], false); __wm.rw(1); //]]></script><!-- END WAYBACK TOOLBAR INSERT --> <!-- html tags changed to make them all lower case, S.P. 09.09.2009 --> <form name="ShortListPage" method="post" action="ShortListPage.aspx?NRMODE=Published&amp;NRNODEGUID=%7b141EA999-B3EB-46B6-BC0A-C9719B3FFB70%7d&amp;NRORIGINALURL=%2fDefenceInternet%2fAboutDefence%2fHistory%2f&amp;NRCACHEHINT=Guest" id="ShortListPage"><input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" value="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"> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> <!-- var __CMS_PostbackForm = document.ShortListPage; var __CMS_CurrentUrl = "/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/History.htm"; __CMS_PostbackForm.action = __CMS_CurrentUrl; // --> </script> <div id="page"><!-- Top Navigation Start --> <div id="navigation"> <ul id="menu"> <li class="first"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/Home/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">MOD home</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceFor/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">defence for...</a></li> <li><a class="active" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">about defence</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">defence news</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AZIndex/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">A - Z index</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/ContactUs/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">contact us</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/Help/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="search" style="clear:right;height:50px"> <p><label class="hidden-label" for="search-string">Search defence:</label><br><input type="text" id="search-string" name="search-string"><input type="submit" value="search"></p> <p id="search-selector"><label class="hidden-label" for="search-scope">Search Scope:</label><input id="search-scope" type="hidden" value="About Defence"></p> </div><!-- START OF SDC Advanced Tracking Code --> <!-- Copyright (c) 1996-2007 WebTrends Inc. All rights reserved. --> <!-- V8.0 --> <!-- $DateTime: 2007/02/20 09:30:16 $ --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var gService = true; var gTimeZone = 0; // Code section for Enable First-Party Cookie Tracking function dcsCookie(){ if (typeof(dcsOther)=="function"){ dcsOther(); } else if (typeof(dcsPlugin)=="function"){ dcsPlugin(); } else if (typeof(dcsFPC)=="function"){ dcsFPC(gTimeZone); } } function dcsGetCookie(name){ var cookies=document.cookie.split("; "); var cmatch=[]; var idx=0; var i=0; var namelen=name.length; var clen=cookies.length; for (i=0;i<clen;i++){ var c=cookies[i]; if ((c.substring(0,namelen+1))==(name+"=")){ cmatch[idx++]=c; } } var cmatchCount=cmatch.length; if (cmatchCount>0){ idx=0; if ((cmatchCount>1)&&(typeof(gFpc)!="undefined")&&(name==gFpc)){ var dLatest=new Date(0); for (i=0;i<cmatchCount;i++){ var lv=parseInt(dcsGetCrumb(cmatch[i],"lv")); var dLst=new Date(lv); if (dLst>dLatest){ dLatest.setTime(dLst.getTime()); idx=i; } } } return unescape(cmatch[idx].substring(namelen+1)); } else{ return null; } } function dcsGetCrumb(cval,crumb){ var aCookie=cval.split(":"); for (var i=0;i<aCookie.length;i++){ var aCrumb=aCookie[i].split("="); if (crumb==aCrumb[0]){ return aCrumb[1]; } } return null; } function dcsGetIdCrumb(cval,crumb){ var id=cval.substring(0,cval.indexOf(":lv=")); var aCrumb=id.split("="); for (var i=0;i<aCrumb.length;i++){ if (crumb==aCrumb[0]){ return aCrumb[1]; } } return null; } function dcsIsFpcSet(name,id,lv,ss){ var c=dcsGetCookie(name); if (c){ return ((id==dcsGetIdCrumb(c,"id"))&&(lv==dcsGetCrumb(c,"lv"))&&(ss=dcsGetCrumb(c,"ss")))?0:3; } return 2; } function dcsFPC(offset){ if (typeof(offset)=="undefined"){ return; } if (document.cookie.indexOf("WTLOPTOUT=")!=-1){ return; } var name=gFpc; var dCur=new Date(); var adj=(dCur.getTimezoneOffset()*60000)+(offset*3600000); dCur.setTime(dCur.getTime()+adj); var dExp=new Date(dCur.getTime()+315360000000); var dSes=new Date(dCur.getTime()); WT.co_f=WT.vt_sid=WT.vt_f=WT.vt_f_a=WT.vt_f_s=WT.vt_f_d=WT.vt_f_tlh=WT.vt_f_tlv=""; if (document.cookie.indexOf(name+"=")==-1){ if ((typeof(gWtId)!="undefined")&&(gWtId!="")){ WT.co_f=gWtId; } else if ((typeof(gTempWtId)!="undefined")&&(gTempWtId!="")){ WT.co_f=gTempWtId; WT.vt_f="1"; } else{ WT.co_f="2"; var cur=dCur.getTime().toString(); for (var i=2;i<=(32-cur.length);i++){ WT.co_f+=Math.floor(Math.random()*16.0).toString(16); } WT.co_f+=cur; WT.vt_f="1"; } if (typeof(gWtAccountRollup)=="undefined"){ WT.vt_f_a="1"; } WT.vt_f_s=WT.vt_f_d="1"; WT.vt_f_tlh=WT.vt_f_tlv="0"; } else{ var c=dcsGetCookie(name); var id=dcsGetIdCrumb(c,"id"); var lv=parseInt(dcsGetCrumb(c,"lv")); var ss=parseInt(dcsGetCrumb(c,"ss")); if ((id==null)||(id=="null")||isNaN(lv)||isNaN(ss)){ return; } WT.co_f=id; var dLst=new Date(lv); WT.vt_f_tlh=Math.floor((dLst.getTime()-adj)/1000); dSes.setTime(ss); if ((dCur.getTime()>(dLst.getTime()+1800000))||(dCur.getTime()>(dSes.getTime()+28800000))){ WT.vt_f_tlv=Math.floor((dSes.getTime()-adj)/1000); dSes.setTime(dCur.getTime()); WT.vt_f_s="1"; } if ((dCur.getDay()!=dLst.getDay())||(dCur.getMonth()!=dLst.getMonth())||(dCur.getYear()!=dLst.getYear())){ WT.vt_f_d="1"; } } WT.co_f=escape(WT.co_f); WT.vt_sid=WT.co_f+"."+(dSes.getTime()-adj); var expiry="; expires="+dExp.toGMTString(); var cur=dCur.getTime().toString(); var ses=dSes.getTime().toString(); document.cookie=name+"="+"id="+WT.co_f+":lv="+cur+":ss="+ses+expiry+"; path=/"+(((typeof(gFpcDom)!="undefined")&&(gFpcDom!=""))?("; domain="+gFpcDom):("")); var rc=dcsIsFpcSet(name,WT.co_f,cur,ses); if (rc!=0){ WT.co_f=WT.vt_sid=WT.vt_f_s=WT.vt_f_d=WT.vt_f_tlh=WT.vt_f_tlv=""; WT.vt_f=WT.vt_f_a=rc; } } // Code section for Use the new first-party cookie generated with this tag. var gFpc="WT_FPC"; var gConvert=true; function dcsAdv(){ dcsFunc("dcsET"); dcsFunc("dcsCookie"); dcsFunc("dcsAdSearch"); dcsFunc("dcsTP"); } //]]> </script><!-- END OF SDC Advanced Tracking Code --> <!-- START OF SmartSource Data Collector TAG --> <!-- Copyright (c) 1996-2007 WebTrends Inc. All rights reserved. --> <!-- V8.0 --> <!-- $DateTime: 2007/03/05 13:33:14 $ --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var gDomain="statse.webtrendslive.com"; var gDcsId="dcsnb2uz410000kjwderwgiuz_6p5i"; if ((typeof(gConvert)!="undefined")&&gConvert&&(document.cookie.indexOf(gFpc+"=")==-1)&&(document.cookie.indexOf("WTLOPTOUT=")==-1)){ document.write("<SCR"+"IPT TYPE='text/javascript' SRC='"+"http"+(window.location.protocol.indexOf('https:')==0?'s':'')+"://"+gDomain+"/"+gDcsId+"/wtid.js"+"'><\/SCR"+"IPT>"); } //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var gImages=new Array; var gIndex=0; var DCS=new Object(); var WT=new Object(); var DCSext=new Object(); var gQP=new Array(); var gI18n=false; if (window.RegExp){ var RE=gI18n?{"%25":/\%/g}:{"%09":/\t/g,"%20":/ /g,"%23":/\#/g,"%26":/\&/g,"%2B":/\+/g,"%3F":/\?/g,"%5C":/\\/g,"%22":/\"/g,"%7F":/\x7F/g,"%A0":/\xA0/g}; if (gI18n){ var EXRE=/dcs(uri)|(ref)|(aut)|(met)|(sta)|(sip)|(pro)|(byt)|(dat)|(p3p)|(cfg)|(redirect)|(cip)/i; } } // Add customizations here function dcsVar(){ var dCurrent=new Date(); WT.tz=dCurrent.getTimezoneOffset()/60*-1; if (WT.tz==0){ WT.tz="0"; } WT.bh=dCurrent.getHours(); WT.ul=navigator.appName=="Netscape"?navigator.language:navigator.userLanguage; if (typeof(screen)=="object"){ WT.cd=navigator.appName=="Netscape"?screen.pixelDepth:screen.colorDepth; WT.sr=screen.width+"x"+screen.height; } if (typeof(navigator.javaEnabled())=="boolean"){ WT.jo=navigator.javaEnabled()?"Yes":"No"; } if (document.title){ if (window.RegExp){ var tire=new RegExp("^"+window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.hostname+"\\s-\\s"); WT.ti=document.title.replace(tire,""); } else{ WT.ti=document.title; } } WT.js="Yes"; WT.jv=dcsJV(); if (document.body&&document.body.addBehavior){ document.body.addBehavior("#default#clientCaps"); WT.ct=document.body.connectionType||"unknown"; document.body.addBehavior("#default#homePage"); WT.hp=document.body.isHomePage(location.href)?"1":"0"; } else{ WT.ct="unknown"; } if (document.all){ WT.bs=document.body?document.body.offsetWidth+"x"+document.body.offsetHeight:"unknown"; } else{ WT.bs=window.innerWidth+"x"+window.innerHeight; } WT.fi="No"; if (window.ActiveXObject){ for(var i=10;i>0;i--){ try{ var flash = new ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash."+i); WT.fi="Yes"; WT.fv=i+".0"; break; } catch(e){ } } } else if (navigator.plugins&&navigator.plugins.length){ for (var i=0;i<navigator.plugins.length;i++){ if (navigator.plugins[i].name.indexOf('Shockwave Flash')!=-1){ WT.fi="Yes"; WT.fv=navigator.plugins[i].description.split(" ")[2]; break; } } } if (gI18n){ if (typeof(document.defaultCharset)=="string"){ WT.le=document.defaultCharset; } else if (typeof(document.characterSet)=="string"){ WT.le=document.characterSet; } else{ WT.le="unknown"; } } WT.tv="8.0.3"; WT.sp="@@SPLITVALUE@@"; DCS.dcsdat=dCurrent.getTime(); DCS.dcssip=window.location.hostname; DCS.dcsuri=window.location.pathname; if (window.location.search){ DCS.dcsqry=window.location.search; if (gQP.length>0){ for (var i=0;i<gQP.length;i++){ var pos=DCS.dcsqry.indexOf(gQP[i]); if (pos!=-1){ var front=DCS.dcsqry.substring(0,pos); var end=DCS.dcsqry.substring(pos+gQP[i].length,DCS.dcsqry.length); DCS.dcsqry=front+end; } } } } if ((window.document.referrer!="")&&(window.document.referrer!="-")){ if (!(navigator.appName=="Microsoft Internet Explorer"&&parseInt(navigator.appVersion)<4)){ DCS.dcsref=window.document.referrer; } } } function dcsA(N,V){ if (gI18n&&!EXRE.test(N)){ if (N=="dcsqry"){ var newV=""; var params=V.substring(1).split("&"); for (var i=0;i<params.length;i++){ var pair=params[i]; var pos=pair.indexOf("="); if (pos!=-1){ var key=pair.substring(0,pos); var val=pair.substring(pos+1); if (i!=0){ newV+="&"; } newV+=key+"="+dcsEncode(val); } } V=V.substring(0,1)+newV; } else{ V=dcsEncode(V); } } return "&"+N+"="+dcsEscape(V, RE); } function dcsEscape(S, REL){ if (typeof(REL)!="undefined"){ S=S.toString(); for (var R in REL){ S=S.replace(REL[R],R); } return S; } else{ return escape(S); } } function dcsEncode(S){ return (typeof(encodeURIComponent)=="function")?encodeURIComponent(S):escape(S); } function dcsCreateImage(dcsSrc){ if (document.images){ gImages[gIndex]=new Image; gImages[gIndex].src=dcsSrc; gIndex++; } else{ document.write('<img alt="" border="0" name="DCSIMG" width="1" height="1" src="'+dcsSrc+'">'); } } function dcsMeta(){ var elems; if (document.all){ elems=document.all.tags("meta"); } else if (document.documentElement){ elems=document.getElementsByTagName("meta"); } if (typeof(elems)!="undefined"){ var length=elems.length; for (var i=0;i<length;i++){ var name=elems.item(i).name; var content=elems.item(i).content; var equiv=elems.item(i).httpEquiv; if (name.length>0){ if (name.indexOf("WT.")==0){ WT[name.substring(3)]=content; } else if (name.indexOf("DCSext.")==0){ DCSext[name.substring(7)]=content; } else if (name.indexOf("DCS.")==0){ DCS[name.substring(4)]=content; } } } } } function dcsTag(){ if (document.cookie.indexOf("WTLOPTOUT=")!=-1){ return; } var P="http"+(window.location.protocol.indexOf('https:')==0?'s':'')+"://"+gDomain+(gDcsId==""?'':'/'+gDcsId)+"/dcs.gif?"; for (var N in DCS){ if (DCS[N]){ P+=dcsA(N,DCS[N]); } } var keys=["co_f","vt_sid","vt_f_tlv"]; for (var i=0;i<keys.length;i++){ var key=keys[i]; if (WT[key]){ P+=dcsA("WT."+key,WT[key]); delete WT[key]; } } for (N in WT){ if (WT[N]){ P+=dcsA("WT."+N,WT[N]); } } for (N in DCSext){ if (DCSext[N]){ if (gI18n){ WT.dep=(typeof(WT.dep)=="undefined")?N:(WT.dep+";"+N); } P+=dcsA(N,DCSext[N]); } } if (gI18n&&(typeof(WT.dep)!="undefined")){ P+=dcsA("WT.dep",WT.dep); } if (P.length>2048&&navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE')>=0){ P=P.substring(0,2040)+"&WT.tu=1"; } dcsCreateImage(P); } function dcsJV(){ var agt=navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); var major=parseInt(navigator.appVersion); var mac=(agt.indexOf("mac")!=-1); var ff=(agt.indexOf("firefox")!=-1); var ff0=(agt.indexOf("firefox/0.")!=-1); var ff10=(agt.indexOf("firefox/1.0")!=-1); var ff15=(agt.indexOf("firefox/1.5")!=-1); var ff2up=(ff&&!ff0&&!ff10&!ff15); var nn=(!ff&&(agt.indexOf("mozilla")!=-1)&&(agt.indexOf("compatible")==-1)); var nn4=(nn&&(major==4)); var nn6up=(nn&&(major>=5)); var ie=((agt.indexOf("msie")!=-1)&&(agt.indexOf("opera")==-1)); var ie4=(ie&&(major==4)&&(agt.indexOf("msie 4")!=-1)); var ie5up=(ie&&!ie4); var op=(agt.indexOf("opera")!=-1); var op5=(agt.indexOf("opera 5")!=-1||agt.indexOf("opera/5")!=-1); var op6=(agt.indexOf("opera 6")!=-1||agt.indexOf("opera/6")!=-1); var op7up=(op&&!op5&&!op6); var jv="1.1"; if (ff2up){ jv="1.7"; } else if (ff15){ jv="1.6"; } else if (ff0||ff10||nn6up||op7up){ jv="1.5"; } else if ((mac&&ie5up)||op6){ jv="1.4"; } else if (ie5up||nn4||op5){ jv="1.3"; } else if (ie4){ jv="1.2"; } return jv; } function dcsFunc(func){ if (typeof(window[func])=="function"){ window[func](); } } dcsVar(); dcsMeta(); dcsFunc("dcsAdv"); dcsTag(); //]]> </script> <noscript><img alt="" border="0" name="DCSIMG" width="1" height="1" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414082748im_/http://statse.webtrendslive.com/dcsnb2uz410000kjwderwgiuz_6p5i/njs.gif?dcsuri=/nojavascript&amp;WT.js=No&amp;WT.tv=8.0.2"> </noscript><!-- END OF SmartSource Data Collector TAG --> <!-- Top Navigation End --> <div id="mod-logo"> Defence </div> <div id="about"> About Defence </div> <div class="clear-floats"> <!-- --> </div><span id="diContent" class="accessibility"></span> <div id="left-column"> <div id="page-intro"><img style="padding-right: 4px" class="content-id" src="/web/20110414082748im_/http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/F752950C-EB32-4360-AA7C-6D6A21DC33F0/0/buttonHistory4.jpg" alt="History" height="60" width="57"> <h1 class="small-header1">History</h1> <div> <p class="smaller-header1">Find out more about the history of people and events that have shaped today's Ministry of Defence (MOD).</p> </div> </div> <div id="PnlLinks" class="dotted-line-top"> <div class="clear-floats"> <!-- --> </div> <div class="LinkAndSummaryDef"> <dl class="LinkAndSummary"> <dt class="LinkAndSummary"> <span class="LinkAndSummaryDefh3"><a class="LinkAndSummary" title="Find out more about the history of the Ministry of Defence" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/HistoryOfTheMOD/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">History of the Ministry of Defence</a></span> </dt> <dd> The Ministry of Defence is a relatively young organisation - it has only existed in its present form since 1971. </dd> <dt class="LinkAndSummary"> <span class="LinkAndSummaryDefh3"><a class="LinkAndSummary" title="History of the Old War Office" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/HistoryOfTheOldWarOffice/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">History of the Old War Office</a></span> </dt> <dd> One of the most distinctive landmarks on Whitehall, the Old War Office is an elaborate Edwardian Baroque structure that is normally closed to the public. </dd> <dt class="LinkAndSummary"> <span class="LinkAndSummaryDefh3"><a class="LinkAndSummary" title="Second World War 60th Anniversary Commemorative Booklets" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/WW260thBooklets/SecondWorldWar60thAnniversary.htm?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">2nd World War Commemorative Booklets</a></span> </dt> <dd> A series of booklets remembering the bravery of our Armed Forces during the Second World War, 1939-1945. </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div id="right-column"> <div class="sub-navigation"> <p class="up-to"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">About Defence</a></p> <h2 class="right-column-h2">in this section:</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/People/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">People</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/Organisation/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/CorporatePublications/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Corporate Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">What we do</a></li> <li class="open">History <ul> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/HistoryOfTheMOD/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">History of the MOD</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/HistoryOfTheOldWarOffice/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">History of the Old War Office</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/History/WW260thBooklets/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">2nd World War Commemorative Booklets</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> <div class="related-links"> <h2 class="right-column-h2">External links</h2> <dl> <dt class="see-also"> <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.wewerethere.defencedynamics.mod.uk/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">We Were There: Ethnic Minorities in the British Armed Forces </a> </dt> <dt class="see-also"> <a title="Royal Navy History" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3839?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Royal Navy History </a> </dt> <dt class="see-also"> <a title="Army History" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.national-army-museum.ac.uk/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">National Army Museum </a> </dt> <dt class="see-also"> <a title="Royal Air Force Museum" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.rafmuseum.org/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Royal Air Force Museum </a> </dt> <dt class="see-also"> <a title="Royal Naval Museum" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Royal Naval Museum </a> </dt> <dt class="see-also"> <a title="Royal Marines Museum" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://royalmarinesmuseum.co.uk/home.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Royal Marines Museum </a> </dt> <dt class="see-also"> <a title="Imperial War Museum" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.iwm.org.uk/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Imperial War Museum </a> </dt> </dl> </div> </div> <script language="javascript" src="/web/20110414082748js_/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/Scripts/SurveyStart.js" type="text/javascript"></script><!-- Bottom Navigation Start --> <div> <ul id="footer"> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/Accessibility/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/FreedomOfInformation/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Freedom of Information</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/Copyright/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/YourPrivacy/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Your Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/TermsAndConditions/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Terms and Conditions</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20110414082748/http://www.direct.gov.uk/?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img src="/web/20110414082748im_/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/Images/directgov-footer-logo.gif" id="directgov" alt="Directgov"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HideWhenPrinted" style="text-align: left;font:12px Verdana,Arial,sans-serif;padding: 5px"><span id="cmseditor1_MetaDataPlaceholder1"></span><br> </div><!-- Generated by Microsoft.ContentManagement.WebControls.Console to reset form.action --> <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var __CMS_PostbackFormBeenReset = false; function __cmsRestFormAction() { if ( !__CMS_PostbackFormBeenReset ) { // set form postback Url to be current translated CMS Url __CMS_PostbackForm.action = __CMS_CurrentUrl; } } var __cmsResetFormCachedPostBack = null; if( typeof window.__doPostBack != "undefined" ) { __cmsResetFormCachedPostBack = __doPostBack; __doPostBack = __cmsResetFormOverridePostBack; } var __cmsResetFormCachedOnSubmit = null; if( typeof __CMS_PostbackForm.onsubmit != "undefined" ) { __cmsResetFormCachedOnSubmit = __CMS_PostbackForm.onsubmit; __CMS_PostbackForm.onsubmit = __cmsResetFormOverrideOnSubmit; } function __cmsResetFormOverridePostBack( eventTarget, eventArgument ) { __cmsRestFormAction(); __cmsResetFormCachedPostBack( eventTarget, eventArgument ); } function __cmsResetFormOverrideOnSubmit() { __cmsRestFormAction(); if (__cmsResetFormCachedOnSubmit != null) return __cmsResetFormCachedOnSubmit(); else return true; } // --> </script> </form> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('en', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html><!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 08:27:48 Apr 14, 2011 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 20:33:28 Dec 11, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --><!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.81 exclusion.robots: 0.04 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.024 esindex: 0.014 cdx.remote: 15.997 LoadShardBlock: 137.094 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 119.506 (4) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 128.858 (2) load_resource: 192.744 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10