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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grunge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.2</span> <span>Grunge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grunge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-grunge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-grunge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.3</span> <span>Post-grunge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-grunge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indie_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indie_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.4</span> <span>Indie rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indie_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ska_punk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ska_punk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.5</span> <span>Ska punk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ska_punk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skate_punk_and_pop_punk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skate_punk_and_pop_punk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Skate punk and pop punk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skate_punk_and_pop_punk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heavy_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heavy_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Heavy metal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heavy_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pop_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Pop rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hard_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hard_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Hard rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hard_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adult_contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adult_contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Adult contemporary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adult_contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_R&B" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_R&B"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Contemporary R&B</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_R&B-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neo-soul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neo-soul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Neo-soul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neo-soul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hip_hop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hip_hop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Hip hop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hip_hop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Electronic music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Country_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Country music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Swing_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swing_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>Swing revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swing_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Europe subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rock_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rock_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rock_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Madchester" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madchester"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Madchester</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madchester-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britpop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britpop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Britpop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britpop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Britpop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Britpop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Post-Britpop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Britpop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shoegaze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shoegaze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Shoegaze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shoegaze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Other trends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pop_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_music_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_music_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Electronic music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_music_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Latin America</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Latin_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Latin America subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Latin_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pop_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rock_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rock_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rock_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Salsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cumbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cumbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Cumbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cumbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Asia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Japanese rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-J-pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#J-pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>J-pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-J-pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C-pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C-pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>C-pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C-pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filipino_pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filipino_pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Filipino pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filipino_pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a 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Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_de_la_d%C3%A8cada_del_1990" title="Música de la dècada del 1990 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Música de la dècada del 1990" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-90_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-20_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="שנות ה-90 של המאה ה-20 במוזיקה הפופולרית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-90 של המאה ה-20 במוזיקה הפופולרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="1990-იანები მუსიკაში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1990-იანები მუსიკაში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muziki_kwenye_miaka_ya_1990" title="Muziki kwenye miaka ya 1990 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muziki kwenye miaka ya 1990" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="1990-е годы в музыке – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1990-е годы в музыке" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%27larda_m%C3%BCzik" title="1990'larda müzik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1990'larda müzik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990-%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96" title="1990-ті в музиці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1990-ті в музиці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3648979#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"90s music" redirects here. For the song by Kimbra, see <a href="/wiki/90s_Music_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="90s Music (song)">90s Music (song)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For music from a year in the 1990s, go to <a href="/wiki/1990_in_music" title="1990 in music">90</a> | <a href="/wiki/1991_in_music" title="1991 in music">91</a> | <a href="/wiki/1992_in_music" title="1992 in music">92</a> | <a href="/wiki/1993_in_music" title="1993 in music">93</a> | <a href="/wiki/1994_in_music" title="1994 in music">94</a> | <a href="/wiki/1995_in_music" title="1995 in music">95</a> | <a href="/wiki/1996_in_music" title="1996 in music">96</a> | <a href="/wiki/1997_in_music" title="1997 in music">97</a> | <a href="/wiki/1998_in_music" title="1998 in music">98</a> | <a href="/wiki/1999_in_music" title="1999 in music">99</a></div> <table class="navbox"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f3f3f3;"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_music" title="1980s in music">1980s</a> <sup>.</sup> <b>1990s in music</b> <sup>.</sup> <a href="/wiki/2000s_in_music" title="2000s in music">2000s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Other topics:  <a href="/wiki/1990s_in_anthropology" title="1990s in anthropology">Anthropology</a> <sup>.</sup> <a href="/wiki/1990s_in_comics" title="1990s in comics">Comics</a> <sup>.</sup> <a href="/wiki/1990s_in_fashion" title="1990s in fashion">Fashion</a> <sup>.</sup> <a href="/wiki/1990s_in_science_and_technology" title="1990s in science and technology">Science and technology</a> <sup>.</sup> <a href="/wiki/1990s_in_sociology" title="1990s in sociology">Sociology</a> <sup>.</sup> <a href="/wiki/1990s_in_video_games" title="1990s in video games">video games</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background: #ccf;"><a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">Popular music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Year_music.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Year_music.svg/60px-Year_music.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Year_music.svg/90px-Year_music.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Year_music.svg/120px-Year_music.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events" title="Timeline of musical events">Timeline of musical events</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_music" title="2020s in music">2020s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_music" title="2010s in music">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_music" title="2000s in music">2000s</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_music" title="1980s in music">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_music" title="1970s in music">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s_in_music" title="1960s in music">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s_in_music" title="1950s in music">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940s_in_music" title="1940s in music">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1930s" title="Timeline of musical events">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1920s" title="Timeline of musical events">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1910s" title="Timeline of musical events">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1900s" title="Timeline of musical events">1900s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1890s" title="Timeline of musical events">1890s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1880s" title="Timeline of musical events">1880s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1870s" title="Timeline of musical events">1870s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1860s" title="Timeline of musical events">1860s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1850s" title="Timeline of musical events">1850s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1840s" title="Timeline of musical events">1840s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1830s" title="Timeline of musical events">1830s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1820s" title="Timeline of musical events">1820s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1810s" title="Timeline of musical events">1810s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1800s" title="Timeline of musical events">1800s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1790s" title="Timeline of musical events">1790s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1780s" title="Timeline of musical events">1780s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1770s" title="Timeline of musical events">1770s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1760s" title="Timeline of musical events">1760s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1750s" title="Timeline of musical events">1750s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1740s" title="Timeline of musical events">1740s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1730s" title="Timeline of musical events">1730s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1720s" title="Timeline of musical events">1720s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1710s" title="Timeline of musical events">1710s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1700s" title="Timeline of musical events">1700s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1690s" title="Timeline of musical events">1690s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1680s" title="Timeline of musical events">1680s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1670s" title="Timeline of musical events">1670s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1660s" title="Timeline of musical events">1660s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1650s" title="Timeline of musical events">1650s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1640s" title="Timeline of musical events">1640s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1630s" title="Timeline of musical events">1630s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1620s" title="Timeline of musical events">1620s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1610s" title="Timeline of musical events">1610s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1600s" title="Timeline of musical events">1600s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1590s" title="Timeline of musical events">1590s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1580s" title="Timeline of musical events">1580s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1570s" title="Timeline of musical events">1570s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1560s" title="Timeline of musical events">1560s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#1550s" title="Timeline of musical events">1550s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1540s_in_music" title="1540s in music">1540s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1530s_in_music" title="1530s in music">1530s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1520s_in_music" title="1520s in music">1520s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1510s_in_music" title="1510s in music">1510s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500s_in_music" title="1500s in music">1500s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1490s_in_music" title="1490s in music">1490s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_musical_events#Early_history" title="Timeline of musical events">Early history</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_popular_music_genres" class="mw-redirect" title="List of popular music genres">List of popular music genres</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Popular_music" title="Template:Popular music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Popular_music" title="Template talk:Popular music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Popular_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Popular music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">Popular music</a> in the 1990s</b> saw the continuation of <a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">teen pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a> trends which had emerged in the 1970s and 1980s. Furthermore, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> grew and continued to be highly successful in the decade, with the continuation of the genre's <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age of hip hop">golden age</a>. Aside from <a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">contemporary R&B</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban contemporary">urban</a> music in general remained popular throughout the decade; urban music in the late-1980s and 1990s often blended with styles such as <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz music">jazz</a>, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Fusion_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusion genre">fusion genres</a> such as <a href="/wiki/New_jack_swing" title="New jack swing">new jack swing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo-soul" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-soul">neo-soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_soul" title="Hip hop soul">hip hop soul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/G-funk" title="G-funk">g-funk</a> which were popular. </p><p>Similarly to the 1980s, rock music was also very popular in the 1990s, yet, unlike the <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">glam metal</a>-dominated scene of the time, <a href="/wiki/Grunge_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Grunge music">grunge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">industrial rock</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a> music emerged and took over as the most popular of the decade, as well as <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk">ska punk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">nu metal</a>, amongst others, which attained a high level of success at various points throughout the years. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a>, which had risen in popularity in the 1980s, grew highly popular in the 1990s; <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a> and <a href="/wiki/Techno_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno music">techno</a> from the 1980s rose to international success in this decade, as well as new <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a> genres such as <a href="/wiki/Rave_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rave music">rave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Happy_hardcore" title="Happy hardcore">happy hardcore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">drum and bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">intelligent dance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">trip hop</a>. In Europe, <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rave_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rave music">rave</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> music were highly successful,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while also finding some international success. The decade also featured the rise of <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">contemporary country music</a> as a major genre, which had started in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1990s also saw a resurgence of older styles in new contexts, including <a href="/wiki/Third_wave_ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Third wave ska">third wave ska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swing_revival" title="Swing revival">swing revival</a>, both of which featured a fusion of <a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">horn-based music</a> with rock music elements. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_America">North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rock">Rock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alternative_rock">Alternative rock</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alternative rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RedHotChiliPeppersAdam1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RedHotChiliPeppersAdam1989.jpg/220px-RedHotChiliPeppersAdam1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RedHotChiliPeppersAdam1989.jpg/330px-RedHotChiliPeppersAdam1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RedHotChiliPeppersAdam1989.jpg/440px-RedHotChiliPeppersAdam1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3679" data-file-height="2442" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With the breakthrough of bands such as <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became commercially successful during the 1990s. </p><p>By the start of the 1990s, the music industry was enticed by alternative rock's commercial possibilities and major labels actively courted bands including <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Chains" title="Alice in Chains">Alice in Chains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Addiction" title="Jane's Addiction">Jane's Addiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinosaur Jr">Dinosaur Jr</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-buzz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buzz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>'s success had become a blueprint for many alternative bands in the late 1980s and 1990s to follow; the group had outlasted many of its contemporaries and by the 1990s had become one of the most popular bands in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-American_alt-rock_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_alt-rock-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mazzy_Star" title="Mazzy Star">Mazzy Star</a> had a top 40 hit with "Fade into You" (1993) and <a href="/wiki/Smash_Mouth" title="Smash Mouth">Smash Mouth</a> recorded hits "Walkin' on the Sun" (1997) and "All Star" (1999).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg/200px-Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg/300px-Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg/400px-Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Smashing_Pumpkins" title="The Smashing Pumpkins">The Smashing Pumpkins</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">The Red Hot Chili Peppers</a> became an important band in the rise of alternative rock with their album <i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Sugar_Sex_Magik" title="Blood Sugar Sex Magik">Blood Sugar Sex Magik</a></i>. Combining funk rock with more conventional rock music, the Red Hot Chili Peppers were able to achieve mainstream success, culminating with the release of their 1999 album <i><a href="/wiki/Californication_(album)" title="Californication (album)">Californication</a></i>. </p><p>Some of the top mainstream American alternative rock bands of the 1990s included <a href="/wiki/Hootie_and_The_Blowfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Hootie and The Blowfish">Hootie and The Blowfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collective_Soul" title="Collective Soul">Collective Soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creed_(band)" title="Creed (band)">Creed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Chains" title="Alice in Chains">Alice in Chains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinosaur Jr">Dinosaur Jr</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones" title="The Mighty Mighty Bosstones">The Mighty Mighty Bosstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weezer" title="Weezer">Weezer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Live_(band)" title="Live (band)">Live</a>, <a href="/wiki/311_(band)" title="311 (band)">311</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wallflowers" title="The Wallflowers">The Wallflowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toad_the_Wet_Sprocket" title="Toad the Wet Sprocket">Toad the Wet Sprocket</a>, <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Offspring" title="The Offspring">The Offspring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matchbox_Twenty" title="Matchbox Twenty">Matchbox Twenty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_Asylum" title="Soul Asylum">Soul Asylum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liz_Phair" title="Liz Phair">Liz Phair</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lemonheads" title="The Lemonheads">The Lemonheads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soundgarden" title="Soundgarden">Soundgarden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counting_Crows" title="Counting Crows">Counting Crows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spin_Doctors" title="Spin Doctors">Spin Doctors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dc_Talk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dc Talk">dc Talk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goo_Goo_Dolls" title="Goo Goo Dolls">Goo Goo Dolls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Eye_Blind" title="Third Eye Blind">Third Eye Blind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smash_Mouth" title="Smash Mouth">Smash Mouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Smashing_Pumpkins" title="The Smashing Pumpkins">The Smashing Pumpkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/4_Non_Blondes" title="4 Non Blondes">4 Non Blondes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Breeders" title="The Breeders">The Breeders</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cranberries" title="The Cranberries">The Cranberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gin_Blossoms" title="Gin Blossoms">Gin Blossoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(band)" title="Sublime (band)">Sublime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcy_Playground" title="Marcy Playground">Marcy Playground</a>, <a href="/wiki/No_Doubt" title="No Doubt">No Doubt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hole_(band)" title="Hole (band)">Hole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cake_(band)" title="Cake (band)">Cake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blind_Melon" title="Blind Melon">Blind Melon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eels_(band)" title="Eels (band)">Eels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stone_Temple_Pilots" title="Stone Temple Pilots">Stone Temple Pilots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garbage_(band)" title="Garbage (band)">Garbage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a>. These bands were variously influenced by ska, punk, pop, metal, and many other musical genres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Alternative_metal">Alternative metal</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alternative metal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the early 1990s a new style of alternative music emerged, which combined elements of alternative rock with <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>. This new genre, dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Alternative_metal" title="Alternative metal">alternative metal</a>", is considered a precursor to the nu metal movement of the late 1990s. This style was typified by bands such as <a href="/wiki/Tool_(band)" title="Tool (band)">Tool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helmet_(band)" title="Helmet (band)">Helmet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Addiction" title="Jane's Addiction">Jane's Addiction</a>. Other bands including <a href="/wiki/Faith_No_More" title="Faith No More">Faith No More</a>, <a href="/wiki/Living_Colour" title="Living Colour">Living Colour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primus_(band)" title="Primus (band)">Primus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rage_Against_the_Machine" title="Rage Against the Machine">Rage Against the Machine</a> also blended <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> elements, creating subgenres of this style such as <a href="/wiki/Funk_metal" title="Funk metal">funk metal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rap_metal" title="Rap metal">rap metal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Grunge">Grunge</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Grunge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A subgenre of alternative rock, grunge bands were popular during the early 1990s. Grunge music, and its associated subculture, was born out of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a> American states of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> in the 1980s. They delivered a more direct, less polished rock sound.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists such as <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soundgarden" title="Soundgarden">Soundgarden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Chains" title="Alice in Chains">Alice in Chains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a> brought alternative rock to popularity in 1991. Nirvana's <i><a href="/wiki/Nevermind" title="Nevermind">Nevermind</a></i> reached the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard</a> number one, and Pearl Jam's <a href="/wiki/Ten_(Pearl_Jam_album)" title="Ten (Pearl Jam album)"><i>Ten</i></a> reached number two a year later.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the mid-1990s, many grunge bands broke up or became less visible. The <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Kurt_Cobain" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Kurt Cobain">death of Kurt Cobain</a> in early 1994, as well as the touring problems for Pearl Jam marked the decline of the genre. By the end of 1996, Soundgarden had broken up and Alice in Chains had played their final live shows with lead singer <a href="/wiki/Layne_Staley" title="Layne Staley">Layne Staley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AllmusicPostGrunge_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllmusicPostGrunge-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Post-grunge">Post-grunge</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-grunge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pearl_Jam_1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pearl_Jam_1991.jpg/190px-Pearl_Jam_1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pearl_Jam_1991.jpg/285px-Pearl_Jam_1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pearl_Jam_1991.jpg/380px-Pearl_Jam_1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1765" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a> is an American rock band formed in 1990 in Seattle, Washington. </figcaption></figure><p> At the same time as the original grunge bands went into decline, major record labels began signing and promoting bands that were emulating the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-Azerrad419_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azerrad419-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">post-grunge</a> was coined to describe these bands, who emulated the attitudes and music of <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a>, particularly thick, distorted guitars, but with a more </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nirvana_around_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nirvana_around_1992.jpg/220px-Nirvana_around_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nirvana_around_1992.jpg/330px-Nirvana_around_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Nirvana_around_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Grunge band <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> in 1992</figcaption></figure><p>radio-friendly commercially oriented sound.<sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicPostgrunge_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicPostgrunge-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, former Nirvana drummer <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a>'s new band, the <a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a>, helped popularize the genre and define its parameters, becoming one of the most commercially successful rock bands in the US, aided by considerable airplay on MTV.<sup id="cite_ref-Bogdanov2002FooFighters_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogdanov2002FooFighters-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the most successful post-grunge acts of the 90s were <a href="/wiki/Candlebox" title="Candlebox">Candlebox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bush_(British_band)" title="Bush (British band)">Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collective_Soul" title="Collective Soul">Collective Soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creed_(band)" title="Creed (band)">Creed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matchbox_Twenty" title="Matchbox Twenty">Matchbox Twenty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_Peace" title="Our Lady Peace">Our Lady Peace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everclear_(band)" title="Everclear (band)">Everclear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Live_(band)" title="Live (band)">Live</a> and others. The genre would have another wave of successful acts throughout much of the early part of the next decade which includes bands like <a href="/wiki/Nickelback" title="Nickelback">Nickelback</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lifehouse_(band)" title="Lifehouse (band)">Lifehouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/3_Doors_Down" title="3 Doors Down">3 Doors Down</a>, and more. Although, some of those bands were formed during the late 1990s, many would not see a commercial breakthrough until the early years of the following decade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Indie_rock">Indie rock</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Indie rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavement,_the_band,_in_Tokyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg/200px-Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg/300px-Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg/400px-Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pavement_(band)" title="Pavement (band)">Pavement</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the immense success of alternative rock in the 1990s, the term "<a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a>" became associated with the bands and genres that remained underground. Bands like <a href="/wiki/Sonic_Youth" title="Sonic Youth">Sonic Youth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pixies_(band)" title="Pixies (band)">Pixies</a> set the stage for the rise of indie rock in the underground scene, with bands such as <a href="/wiki/Pavement_(band)" title="Pavement (band)">Pavement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archers_of_Loaf" title="Archers of Loaf">Archers of Loaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleater-Kinney" title="Sleater-Kinney">Sleater-Kinney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Built_to_Spill" title="Built to Spill">Built to Spill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modest_Mouse" title="Modest Mouse">Modest Mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yo_La_Tengo" title="Yo La Tengo">Yo La Tengo</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Breeders" title="The Breeders">The Breeders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superchunk" title="Superchunk">Superchunk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Jr." title="Dinosaur Jr.">Dinosaur Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat_Power" title="Cat Power">Cat Power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guided_by_Voices" title="Guided by Voices">Guided by Voices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sebadoh" title="Sebadoh">Sebadoh</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jesus_Lizard" title="The Jesus Lizard">The Jesus Lizard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liz_Phair" title="Liz Phair">Liz Phair</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Flaming_Lips" title="The Flaming Lips">The Flaming Lips</a> gaining popularity throughout the decade. <a href="/wiki/The_B-52%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="The B-52's">The B-52's</a> made a comeback with their 1994 cover of <a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Flintstones" title="Meet the Flintstones">Meet the Flintstones</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ska_punk">Ska punk</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ska punk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the late 1990s, mainstream interest in third wave <a href="/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk">ska</a> bands such as <a href="/wiki/Reel_Big_Fish" title="Reel Big Fish">Reel Big Fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones" title="The Mighty Mighty Bosstones">The Mighty Mighty Bosstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(band)" title="Sublime (band)">Sublime</a>, and <a href="/wiki/No_Doubt" title="No Doubt">No Doubt</a> waned as other music genres gained momentum.<sup id="cite_ref-Guila_6_50_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guila_6_50-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skate_punk_and_pop_punk">Skate punk and pop punk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Skate punk and pop punk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foxboro_Hot_Tubs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Foxboro_Hot_Tubs.jpg/190px-Foxboro_Hot_Tubs.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Foxboro_Hot_Tubs.jpg/285px-Foxboro_Hot_Tubs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Foxboro_Hot_Tubs.jpg/380px-Foxboro_Hot_Tubs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a>, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>Punk rock in the United States underwent a resurgence in the early to mid-1990s. Punk rock at that time was not commercially viable, and no major record label signed a punk rock band until <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a>'s breakthrough in 1994. Both these factors contributed to the emergence of a number of <a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">independent record labels</a>, often run by people in bands in order to release their own music and that of their friends. The independent labels <a href="/wiki/Lookout!_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Lookout! Records">Lookout! Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fat_Wreck_Chords" title="Fat Wreck Chords">Fat Wreck Chords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epitaph_Records" title="Epitaph Records">Epitaph Records</a> achieved commercial success. </p><p>Skate punk broke into the mainstream in the mid-1990s, initially with the Northern California-based skate punk band <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a> and in the late 1990s with the Southern California-based pop punk band <a href="/wiki/Blink-182" title="Blink-182">Blink-182</a> as well who all achieved massive worldwide commercial success. <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a>'s album <i><a href="/wiki/Dookie_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dookie (album)">Dookie</a></i> (1994) sold 10 million copies in the United States and another 10 million copies worldwide. Soon after the release of <i>Dookie</i>, <a href="/wiki/The_Offspring" title="The Offspring">The Offspring</a> released the album <i><a href="/wiki/Smash_(The_Offspring_album)" title="Smash (The Offspring album)">Smash</a></i>. The album sold over 14 million copies worldwide, setting a record for most albums sold on an independent label. In 1996, <a href="/wiki/Weezer" title="Weezer">Weezer</a> released its sophomore album <i><a href="/wiki/Pinkerton_(album)" title="Pinkerton (album)">Pinkerton</a></i>, which became a major influence for many 2000s emo bands, although failing to reach the commercial success of the band's debut <i><a href="/wiki/Weezer_(Blue_Album)" title="Weezer (Blue Album)">Weezer (Blue Album)</a></i>. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rancid_(band)" title="Rancid (band)">Rancid</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_(Rancid_album)" title="Let's Go (Rancid album)">Let's Go</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/NOFX" title="NOFX">NOFX</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Punk_in_Drublic" title="Punk in Drublic">Punk in Drublic</a></i> were also released during this period and both of them went gold as well. By the end of the year, <i>Dookie</i> and <i>Smash</i> had sold millions of copies.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commercial success of these two albums attracted major label interest in skate/pop punk, with bands such as <a href="/wiki/Bad_Religion" title="Bad Religion">Bad Religion</a> being offered lucrative contracts to leave their independent record labels. In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Blink-182" title="Blink-182">Blink-182</a> made a breakthrough with the release of <i><a href="/wiki/Enema_of_the_State" title="Enema of the State">Enema of the State</a></i>, which sold over 15 million copies worldwide receiving multi-platinum status in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and platinum status in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a> are seen as the biggest act in punk rock whilst <a href="/wiki/Weezer" title="Weezer">Weezer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blink-182" title="Blink-182">Blink-182</a> are seen to have the most influence on later bands like <a href="/wiki/Fall_Out_Boy" title="Fall Out Boy">Fall Out Boy</a> and <a href="/wiki/All_Time_Low" title="All Time Low">All Time Low</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Heavy_metal">Heavy metal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Heavy metal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/List_of_heavy_metal_genres" class="mw-redirect" title="List of heavy metal genres">subgenres of metal</a> developed outside of the commercial mainstream during the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1990s the <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a> genre achieved break-out success, mainly due to the massive success of <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Metallica_(album)" title="Metallica (album)">eponymous 5th album</a> which was released in 1991 and brought thrash metal to the mainstream for the first time. Metallica's success was followed by <a href="/wiki/Megadeth" title="Megadeth">Megadeth</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Countdown_to_Extinction" title="Countdown to Extinction">Countdown to Extinction</a></i> (1992) which hit number 2,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anthrax_(American_band)" title="Anthrax (American band)">Anthrax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pantera" title="Pantera">Pantera</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a> cracked the top 10,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and albums by regional bands such as <a href="/wiki/Testament_(band)" title="Testament (band)">Testament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sepultura" title="Sepultura">Sepultura</a> entered the top 100.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the later half of the decade <a href="/wiki/Industrial_metal" title="Industrial metal">industrial metal</a> became popular. The top mainstream American industrial metal bands of the 1990s included <a href="/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails" title="Nine Inch Nails">Nine Inch Nails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Manson" title="Marilyn Manson">Marilyn Manson</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_Zombie_(band)" title="White Zombie (band)">White Zombie</a>, <a href="/wiki/KMFDM" title="KMFDM">KMFDM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_(band)" title="Ministry (band)">Ministry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fear_Factory" title="Fear Factory">Fear Factory</a>. </p><p>Death Metal gained momentum in the early 1990s as well, with acts such as <a href="/wiki/Death_(metal_band)" title="Death (metal band)">Death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deicide_(band)" title="Deicide (band)">Deicide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morbid_Angel" title="Morbid Angel">Morbid Angel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannibal_Corpse" title="Cannibal Corpse">Cannibal Corpse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Obituary_(band)" title="Obituary (band)">Obituary</a> among others. </p><p>The Second wave of Black Metal gained popularity with leading force in Norway in <a href="/wiki/Mayhem_(band)" title="Mayhem (band)">Mayhem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burzum" title="Burzum">Burzum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darkthrone" title="Darkthrone">Darkthrone</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NineInchNails.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nine Inch Nails, 2005"><img alt="Nine Inch Nails, 2005" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/NineInchNails.jpg/400px-NineInchNails.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/NineInchNails.jpg/600px-NineInchNails.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/NineInchNails.jpg/800px-NineInchNails.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails" title="Nine Inch Nails">Nine Inch Nails</a>, 2005</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 308px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 306px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korn_London_1997.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Korn, 1997"><img alt="Korn, 1997" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Korn_London_1997.jpg/459px-Korn_London_1997.jpg" decoding="async" width="306" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Korn_London_1997.jpg/688px-Korn_London_1997.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Korn_London_1997.jpg/917px-Korn_London_1997.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2805" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Korn, 1997</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pop_rock">Pop rock</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pop rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morissette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Morissette.jpg/125px-Morissette.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Morissette.jpg/188px-Morissette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Morissette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GloriaEstefan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GloriaEstefan.jpg/175px-GloriaEstefan.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GloriaEstefan.jpg/263px-GloriaEstefan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GloriaEstefan.jpg/350px-GloriaEstefan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Estefan" title="Gloria Estefan">Gloria Estefan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1990s, there was a revival of the singer-songwriter movement of the 1970s. This movement lasted up to about 2004 with artists like <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dido_(singer)" title="Dido (singer)">Dido</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_McLachlan" title="Sarah McLachlan">Sarah McLachlan</a>. Important artists of this movement include <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tori_Amos" title="Tori Amos">Tori Amos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Apple" title="Fiona Apple">Fiona Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liz_Phair" title="Liz Phair">Liz Phair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Grant" title="Amy Grant">Amy Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Brooks" title="Meredith Brooks">Meredith Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juliana_Hatfield" title="Juliana Hatfield">Juliana Hatfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McCain" title="Edwin McCain">Edwin McCain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Sheik" title="Duncan Sheik">Duncan Sheik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewel_(singer)" title="Jewel (singer)">Jewel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Merchant" title="Natalie Merchant">Natalie Merchant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Chapman" title="Tracy Chapman">Tracy Chapman</a>, <a href="/wiki/K.d._lang" title="K.d. lang">k.d. lang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tal_Bachman" title="Tal Bachman">Tal Bachman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Mullins" title="Shawn Mullins">Shawn Mullins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Loeb" title="Lisa Loeb">Lisa Loeb</a>. A famous album of the movement was the multi-platinum 1995 album <i><a href="/wiki/Jagged_Little_Pill" title="Jagged Little Pill">Jagged Little Pill</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a>'s 1993 album <i><a href="/wiki/Tuesday_Night_Music_Club" title="Tuesday Night Music Club">Tuesday Night Music Club</a></i> and her <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow_(album)" title="Sheryl Crow (album)">1996 eponymous album</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian artist Tom Cochrane got hit "Life is a Highway",<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marc Cohn had "Walking in Memphis", and 4 Non Blondes released hit "What's Up". </p><p>The trend ended in the late 1990s with <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Thomas" title="Lynda Thomas">Lynda Thomas</a>, who became the first idol of the "teen pop-rock" movement,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which later in the 2000s reached its highest level of popularity with later singers such as <a href="/wiki/Avril_Lavigne" title="Avril Lavigne">Avril Lavigne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a>, <a href="/wiki/P!nk" class="mw-redirect" title="P!nk">P!nk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Duff" title="Hilary Duff">Hilary Duff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aly_%26_AJ" title="Aly & AJ">Aly & AJ</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ashlee_Simpson" title="Ashlee Simpson">Ashlee Simpson</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Also in the 1990s, artists such as <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Buckley" title="Jeff Buckley">Jeff Buckley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Matthews" title="Dave Matthews">Dave Matthews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shania_Twain" title="Shania Twain">Shania Twain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Adams" title="Bryan Adams">Bryan Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Smith" title="Elliott Smith">Elliott Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Etheridge" title="Melissa Etheridge">Melissa Etheridge</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> borrowed from the singer-songwriter tradition to create new acoustic-based rock styles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hard_rock">Hard rock</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hard rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Third wave <a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">glam metal</a> artists such as <a href="/wiki/FireHouse_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="FireHouse (band)">Firehouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrant_(American_band)" title="Warrant (American band)">Warrant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extreme_(band)" title="Extreme (band)">Extreme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slaughter_(band)" title="Slaughter (band)">Slaughter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Skid_Row_(American_band)" title="Skid Row (American band)">Skid Row</a> experienced their greatest success at the start of the decade, but these bands' popularity waned after 1992 or so. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6tley_Cr%C3%BCe" title="Mötley Crüe">Mötley Crüe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poison_(American_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poison (American band)">Poison</a>, who were hugely popular in the 1980s, released successful albums in 1989 and 1990, respectively, and continued to benefit from that success in the early part of the decade. <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Crowes" title="The Black Crowes">The Black Crowes</a> ushered in a more classic rock 'n' roll sound with their successful debut in 1990. More well-established <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a> artists such as <a href="/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses" title="Guns N' Roses">Guns N' Roses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Halen" title="Van Halen">Van Halen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Def_Leppard" title="Def Leppard">Def Leppard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne" title="Ozzy Osbourne">Ozzy Osbourne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty" title="Tom Petty">Tom Petty</a> released successful albums and remained very popular in the first half of the decade, while <a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bon_Jovi" title="Bon Jovi">Bon Jovi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a> maintained their popularity throughout the entire decade, largely by re-inventing themselves with each new album and exploring different sounds. <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)">Kiss</a> released what was claimed to be a reunion album with the original four members in the late 1990s, but it was later revealed <a href="/wiki/Ace_Frehley" title="Ace Frehley">Ace Frehley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Criss" title="Peter Criss">Peter Criss</a> had very limited performances on the album. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pop">Pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>British girl group <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a> managed to break the US market, becoming the most commercially successful British group in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> since <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>. Their impact brings about a widespread invasion of <a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">teen pop</a> acts to the US charts which had been predominantly dominated by grunge and hip hop prior to the success of the group. Between 1997 and 2000, American <a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">teen pop</a> singers and groups including <a href="/wiki/Backstreet_Boys" title="Backstreet Boys">Backstreet Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/*NSYNC" class="mw-redirect" title="*NSYNC">*NSYNC</a>, <a href="/wiki/98_Degrees" title="98 Degrees">98 Degrees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanson_(band)" title="Hanson (band)">Hanson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Simpson" title="Jessica Simpson">Jessica Simpson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandy_Moore" title="Mandy Moore">Mandy Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez" title="Jennifer Lopez">Jennifer Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child" title="Destiny's Child">Destiny's Child</a> became popular, following the lead of the <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a> by targeting early members of <a href="/wiki/Millennials" title="Millennials">Generation Y</a>. At the end of the decade, <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a> had huge successes with their hit singles, "<a href="/wiki/...Baby_One_More_Time" title="...Baby One More Time">...Baby One More Time</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Genie_in_a_Bottle" title="Genie in a Bottle">Genie in a Bottle</a>" and respective debut albums which remain among the best selling of all time. Britney Spears's single/ album went onto the top of the US charts in early 1999.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> "Womanizer" (Jive) was the second No. 1 hit for Spears after her debut single, " ... Baby One More Time." Spears has the longest gap between No. 1 hits since Cher's "Believe" claimed pole position in March 1999, just 10 days shy of 25 years after "Dark Lady" landed in first place. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Erotica_(Madonna_album)" title="Erotica (Madonna album)">Erotica</a></i>, was released in 1992 and became one of her most controversial releases. In February 1998, Madonna released the critically acclaimed <i><a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light" title="Ray of Light">Ray of Light</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper" title="Cyndi Lauper">Cyndi Lauper</a> released her first mature album <i><a href="/wiki/Hat_Full_of_Stars" title="Hat Full of Stars">Hat Full of Stars</a></i> (1993), which leaves complete the image of her first two albums, but was highly praised by critics even though it did not achieve commercial success. Larry Flick of <i>Billboard</i> called <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Rope" title="The Velvet Rope">The Velvet Rope</a></i> "[t]he best American album of the year and the most empowering of her last five."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Released in October 1997, <i>The Velvet Rope</i> debuted at number one on the <i>Billboard</i> 200.<sup id="cite_ref-Billboard_Album_peaks_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billboard_Album_peaks-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1997, the album's lead single, "<a href="/wiki/Got_%27til_It%27s_Gone" title="Got 'til It's Gone">Got 'til It's Gone</a>", was released to radio, peaking at number 12 on the <i>Billboard</i> <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Airplay_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythmic Airplay Chart">Rhythmic Airplay Chart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The single <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampled</a> the <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Big_Yellow_Taxi" title="Big Yellow Taxi">Big Yellow Taxi</a>", and featured a cameo appearance by rapper <a href="/wiki/Q-Tip_(musician)" title="Q-Tip (musician)">Q-Tip</a>. "Got 'til It's Gone" won the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Short_Form_Music_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video">Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grammy_Awards_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grammy_Awards-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The album's second single "<a href="/wiki/Together_Again_(Janet_Jackson_song)" title="Together Again (Janet Jackson song)">Together Again</a>", became her eighth number one hit on the <i>Billboard</i> Hot 100 singles chart, and placing her on par with <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jacksons_Number_Ones_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacksons_Number_Ones-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The single spent a record 46 weeks on the Hot 100, as well as spending 19 weeks on the UK singles chart.<sup id="cite_ref-Jacksons_Number_Ones_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacksons_Number_Ones-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/I_Get_Lonely" title="I Get Lonely">I Get Lonely</a>" peaked at number three on the Hot 100.<sup id="cite_ref-singles_peaks_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singles_peaks-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Velvet Rope</i> sold over ten million albums worldwide and was certified three times platinum by the RIAA.<sup id="cite_ref-PR_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PR-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cert_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cert-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> achieved worldwide success during the decade after releasing English-language albums, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Falling_into_You" title="Falling into You">Falling into You</a></i> (1996) and <i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Talk_About_Love" title="Let's Talk About Love">Let's Talk About Love</a></i> (1997), which were both <a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">certified</a> diamond by the RIAA. In December 1997, Dion released the single "<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" from the <i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Titanic:_Music_from_the_Motion_Picture" title="Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture">soundtrack</a> which became the second-best-selling single by a female artist in history. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 360px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 358px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSB_live2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The American vocal group Backstreet Boys became one of the most commercially successful boy bands of the 1990s"><img alt="The American vocal group Backstreet Boys became one of the most commercially successful boy bands of the 1990s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/BSB_live2.jpg/537px-BSB_live2.jpg" decoding="async" width="358" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/BSB_live2.jpg/806px-BSB_live2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/BSB_live2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="572" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The American <a href="/wiki/Vocal_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal group">vocal group</a> <a href="/wiki/Backstreet_Boys" title="Backstreet Boys">Backstreet Boys</a> became one of the most commercially successful <a href="/wiki/Boy_bands" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy bands">boy bands</a> of the 1990s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 177.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Britney_Europe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Britney Spears became one of the most successful pop singers of the 1990s"><img alt="Britney Spears became one of the most successful pop singers of the 1990s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Britney_Europe.jpg/263px-Britney_Europe.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Britney_Europe.jpg/395px-Britney_Europe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Britney_Europe.jpg/526px-Britney_Europe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="922" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> became one of the most successful pop singers of the 1990s</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adult_contemporary">Adult contemporary</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Adult contemporary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a>'s hit singles such as "<a href="/wiki/Vision_of_Love" title="Vision of Love">Vision of Love</a>" (1990) and "<a href="/wiki/Love_Takes_Time" title="Love Takes Time">Love Takes Time</a>" (1990), and <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/All_the_Man_That_I_Need" title="All the Man That I Need">All the Man That I Need</a>" (1990) and "<a href="/wiki/I_Will_Always_Love_You" title="I Will Always Love You">I Will Always Love You</a>" (1992) topped the radio charts for the <a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult contemporary">adult contemporary</a> format.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_Blue_Music_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_Blue_Music-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_R&B"><span id="Contemporary_R.26B"></span>Contemporary R&B</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Contemporary R&B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">quiet storm</a> hits included "<a href="/wiki/All_the_Man_That_I_Need" title="All the Man That I Need">All the Man That I Need</a>" (1990) and "<a href="/wiki/I_Will_Always_Love_You" title="I Will Always Love You">I Will Always Love You</a>" (1992), later became the best-selling physical single by a female act of all time, with sales of over 20 million copies worldwide. Her 1992 hit soundtrack <a href="/wiki/The_Bodyguard_(1992_film)" title="The Bodyguard (1992 film)"><i>The Bodyguard</i></a>, spent 20 weeks on top of the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a>, sold over 45 million copies worldwide and remains the best-selling soundtrack album of all time. According to the RIAA, Houston is the best-selling female R&B artist of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-riaacentury2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riaacentury2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a>'s career originated in <a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">quiet storm</a>, with hit singles such as "<a href="/wiki/Vision_of_Love" title="Vision of Love">Vision of Love</a>" (1990) and "<a href="/wiki/Love_Takes_Time" title="Love Takes Time">Love Takes Time</a>" (1990). Her albums <a href="/wiki/Music_Box_(Mariah_Carey_album)" title="Music Box (Mariah Carey album)"><i>Music Box</i></a> (1993) and <a href="/wiki/Daydream_(Mariah_Carey_album)" title="Daydream (Mariah Carey album)"><i>Daydream</i></a> (1995) are some of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">best-selling albums of all time</a>, and had R&B/HipHop influences. Richard J. Ripani wrote that Carey and Houston, "both of whom rely heavily on the gospel music vocal tradition, display an emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Melisma" title="Melisma">melisma</a> that increased in R&B generally over the 1980s and 1990s."<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_Blue_Music_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_Blue_Music-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> quoted Carey's "Vision of Love" to make her want to sing, as did many other popular artist.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_Blue_Music_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_Blue_Music-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also during the early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Boyz_II_Men" title="Boyz II Men">Boyz II Men</a> re-popularized classic soul-inspired vocal harmonies. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> incorporated <a href="/wiki/New_jack_swing" title="New jack swing">new jack swing</a> into his 1991 album <i><a href="/wiki/Dangerous_(Michael_Jackson_album)" title="Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)">Dangerous</a></i>, with sales over 35 million, and was one of the best selling albums of the decade.<sup id="cite_ref-Dangerous_50_million_copies_worldwide_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dangerous_50_million_copies_worldwide-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_jack_swing_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_jack_swing-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of ballads and <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a> led to the development of a radio format called <a href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">Urban adult contemporary</a>. Popular African-American contemporary R&B artists included <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Morrison" title="Mark Morrison">Mark Morrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith_Evans" title="Faith Evans">Faith Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/112_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="112 (group)">112</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%27Angelo" title="D'Angelo">D'Angelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/En_Vogue" title="En Vogue">En Vogue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toni_Braxton" title="Toni Braxton">Toni Braxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyz_II_Men" title="Boyz II Men">Boyz II Men</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macy_Gray" title="Macy Gray">Macy Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dru_Hill" title="Dru Hill">Dru Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Williams" title="Vanessa Williams">Vanessa Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groove_Theory" title="Groove Theory">Groove Theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Biv_Devoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Biv Devoe">Bell Biv Devoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jodeci" title="Jodeci">Jodeci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_King" title="Diana King">Diana King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony!_Toni!_Tone!" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony! Toni! Tone!">Tony! Toni! Tone!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brownstone_(group)" title="Brownstone (group)">Brownstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanice" title="Shanice">Shanice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Usher_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usher (entertainer)">Usher</a>, <a href="/wiki/SWV" title="SWV">SWV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silk_(group)" title="Silk (group)">Silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/702_(group)" title="702 (group)">702</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaliyah" title="Aaliyah">Aaliyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Sweat" title="Keith Sweat">Keith Sweat</a>, <a href="/wiki/TLC_(group)" title="TLC (group)">TLC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xscape_(group)" title="Xscape (group)">Xscape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandy_Norwood" title="Brandy Norwood">Brandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monica_(singer)" title="Monica (singer)">Monica</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BDa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mýa">Mýa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Total_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Total (group)">Total</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tevin_Campbell" title="Tevin Campbell">Tevin Campbell</a> and <a href="/wiki/R.Kelly" class="mw-redirect" title="R.Kelly">R.Kelly</a>. In contrast to the works of Boyz II Men, <a href="/wiki/Babyface_(musician)" title="Babyface (musician)">Babyface</a> and similar artists, other R&B artists from this same period began adding even more of a hip hop sound to their work. The synthesizer-heavy rhythm tracks of new jack swing was replaced by grittier <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_hip_hop" title="East Coast hip hop">East Coast hip hop</a>-inspired backing tracks, resulting in a genre labelled <i><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_soul" title="Hip hop soul">hip hop soul</a></i> by producer <a href="/wiki/Sean_Combs" title="Sean Combs">Sean Combs</a>. The style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence. </p><p>During the mid-1990s, <a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith_Evans" title="Faith Evans">Faith Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/TLC_(group)" title="TLC (group)">TLC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xscape_(group)" title="Xscape (group)">Xscape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boyz_II_Men" title="Boyz II Men">Boyz II Men</a> brought contemporary R&B to the masses. </p><p>Jackson's self-titled fifth studio album <i><a href="/wiki/Janet." class="mw-redirect" title="Janet.">janet.</a></i> (1993), which came after her historic multimillion-dollar contract with <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Virgin Records</a>, sold over 20 million copies worldwide. Houston, Boyz II Men and Carey recorded several <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a> No. 1 hits, including "<a href="/wiki/Exhale_(Shoop_Shoop)" title="Exhale (Shoop Shoop)">Exhale (Shoop Shoop)</a>", "<a href="/wiki/One_Sweet_Day" title="One Sweet Day">One Sweet Day</a>", a collaboration between Boyz II Men and Carey, which became the longest-running No. 1 hit in Hot 100 history. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—<i><a href="/wiki/Daydream_(Mariah_Carey_album)" title="Daydream (Mariah Carey album)">Daydream</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/II_(Boyz_II_Men_album)" title="II (Boyz II Men album)">II</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/CrazySexyCool" title="CrazySexyCool">CrazySexyCool</a></i> respectively – that sold over ten million copies, earning them diamond status in the U.S. Beginning in 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a> enacted the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_R%26B_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best R&B Album">Grammy Award for Best R&B Album</a> with <i>II</i>, and Boyz II Men became the first recipient. The award was later received by TLC for <i>CrazySexyCool</i> in 1996. </p><p>Mariah Carey's duet with Boyz II Men "<a href="/wiki/One_Sweet_Day" title="One Sweet Day">One Sweet Day</a>" was pronounced song of the decade, charting at number one on the decade-end chart. Carey became Billboard's most successful female artist of the decade, and one of the most successful R&B acts of the 1990s. </p><p>R&B artists such as <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/R.Kelly" class="mw-redirect" title="R.Kelly">R.Kelly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> are some of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">best selling music artists of all time</a>, and especially in the 1990s brought Contemporary R&B to a worldwide platform. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitney_Houston_Welcome_Home_Heroes_1_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Whitney Houston was certified as the best-selling female R&B artist of the 20th century by the Recording Industry Association of America"><img alt="Whitney Houston was certified as the best-selling female R&B artist of the 20th century by the Recording Industry Association of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Whitney_Houston_Welcome_Home_Heroes_1_cropped.jpg/303px-Whitney_Houston_Welcome_Home_Heroes_1_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Whitney_Houston_Welcome_Home_Heroes_1_cropped.jpg/454px-Whitney_Houston_Welcome_Home_Heroes_1_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Whitney_Houston_Welcome_Home_Heroes_1_cropped.jpg/605px-Whitney_Houston_Welcome_Home_Heroes_1_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> was certified as the best-selling female R&B artist of the 20th century by the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariah_Carey13_Edwards_Dec_1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mariah Carey was declared the Artist of the Decade of the 1990s by Billboard"><img alt="Mariah Carey was declared the Artist of the Decade of the 1990s by Billboard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mariah_Carey13_Edwards_Dec_1998.jpg/303px-Mariah_Carey13_Edwards_Dec_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mariah_Carey13_Edwards_Dec_1998.jpg/455px-Mariah_Carey13_Edwards_Dec_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mariah_Carey13_Edwards_Dec_1998.jpg/606px-Mariah_Carey13_Edwards_Dec_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="1174" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> was declared the Artist of the Decade of the 1990s by <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neo-soul">Neo-soul</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Neo-soul"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%27Angelo_Pori_Jazz_2012_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/D%27Angelo_Pori_Jazz_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-D%27Angelo_Pori_Jazz_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/D%27Angelo_Pori_Jazz_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/216px-D%27Angelo_Pori_Jazz_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/D%27Angelo_Pori_Jazz_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-D%27Angelo_Pori_Jazz_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1331" data-file-height="1663" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/D%27Angelo" title="D'Angelo">D'Angelo</a> is considered a key pioneer of the neo-soul movement.</figcaption></figure><p> In the mid-1990s, <a href="/wiki/Neo_soul" title="Neo soul">neo soul</a>, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by artists such as <a href="/wiki/D%27Angelo" title="D'Angelo">D'Angelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erykah_Badu" title="Erykah Badu">Erykah Badu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_(musician)" title="Maxwell (musician)">Maxwell</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missy_Elliott" title="Missy Elliott">Missy Elliott</a> further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles. <a href="/wiki/D%27Angelo" title="D'Angelo">D'Angelo</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_Sugar_(D%27Angelo_album)" title="Brown Sugar (D'Angelo album)">Brown Sugar</a></i> was released in June 1995. Although sales were sluggish at first, the album was eventually a hit, due in large part to "Lady," a top-ten hit on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a> charts, peaking at No. 10. The album earned <a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">platinum</a> certification from the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>, for shipments of one million copies in the U.S.,<sup id="cite_ref-RIAA_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIAA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ayers_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayers-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while its total sales have been estimated within the range of 1.5 million to over two million copies.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wells_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the album was certified platinum in the United States, indicating shipments of one million units, its total sales were adversely reported by several publications with estimations ranging from 1.5 to 2 million units. The album helped give commercial visibility to the burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Neo_soul" title="Neo soul">Neo soul</a> movement of the 1990s, along with debut albums by <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_(musician)" title="Maxwell (musician)">Maxwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erykah_Badu" title="Erykah Badu">Erykah Badu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a>. The album was a critical success as well and appeared on many critics' best-of lists that year. </p><p>Hill's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Miseducation_of_Lauryn_Hill" title="The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill">The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill</a></i> (1998) remains her only studio album; it received critical acclaim, some suggesting it was the greatest neo-soul album of all time. It debuted at number one on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200"><i>Billboard</i> 200</a> and sold 19 million copies worldwide, spawning the singles "<a href="/wiki/Doo_Wop_(That_Thing)" title="Doo Wop (That Thing)">Doo Wop (That Thing)</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Ex-Factor" title="Ex-Factor">Ex-Factor</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Everything_Is_Everything_(Lauryn_Hill_song)" title="Everything Is Everything (Lauryn Hill song)">Everything Is Everything</a>". At the 41st <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>, the album earned her five <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>, including the Album of the Year. Soon after, Hill dropped out of the public-eye, mainly because of her dissatisfaction with the music industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hip_hop">Hip hop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hip hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The decade is notable for the extension of the rap music scene from New York City, the center of hip hop culture throughout the 1980s, to other cities like Los Angeles, Atlanta, Houston, the Bay Area, Miami, Chicago, and Memphis. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dr._Dre" title="Dr. Dre">Dr. Dre</a>'s 1992 album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronic" title="The Chronic">The Chronic</a></i> provided a template for modern <a href="/wiki/Gangsta_rap" title="Gangsta rap">gangsta rap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to <i>The Chronic</i>, Dre introduced a new artist known as Snoop Dogg which allowed for the success of Snoop's album, <i><a href="/wiki/Doggystyle" title="Doggystyle">Doggystyle</a></i>, in 1993. Due to the success of <a href="/wiki/Death_Row_Records" title="Death Row Records">Death Row Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_hip_hop" title="West Coast hip hop">West Coast hip hop</a> dominated hip hop during the early 1990s, alongside <a href="/wiki/The_Notorious_B.I.G." title="The Notorious B.I.G.">The Notorious B.I.G.</a> on the East Coast.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hip hop became the best selling music genre by the mid-1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>High-selling rap albums released in the 1990s include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronic" title="The Chronic">The Chronic</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dr._Dre" title="Dr. Dre">Dr. Dre</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Illmatic" title="Illmatic">Illmatic</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Nas" title="Nas">Nas</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/All_Eyez_on_Me" title="All Eyez on Me">All Eyez on Me</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Tupac_Shakur" title="Tupac Shakur">Tupac</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Enter_the_Wu-Tang_(36_Chambers)" title="Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)">Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Wu-Tang_Clan" title="Wu-Tang Clan">Wu-Tang Clan</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ready_To_Die" class="mw-redirect" title="Ready To Die">Ready To Die</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/The_Notorious_B.I.G." title="The Notorious B.I.G.">Notorious B.I.G.</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ridin%27_Dirty" title="Ridin' Dirty">Ridin' Dirty</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/UGK" title="UGK">UGK</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/19_Naughty_III" title="19 Naughty III">19 Naughty III</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Naughty_by_Nature" title="Naughty by Nature">Naughty by Nature</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Doggystyle" title="Doggystyle">Doggystyle</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>. </p><p>In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a> released her debut album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Miseducation_of_Lauryn_Hill" title="The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill">The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill</a></i>, which debuted at number one on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200"><i>Billboard</i> 200</a>. In 1999, <i>The Miseducation</i> was nominated for 10 <a href="/wiki/Grammys" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammys">Grammys</a>, winning five (which at the time was unheard of for a hip-hop artist) and eventually went on to sell over 19 million copies worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-inside1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inside1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early 1990s was dominated by female rappers, such as <a href="/wiki/Queen_Latifah" title="Queen Latifah">Queen Latifah</a> and hip hop trio <a href="/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa" title="Salt-N-Pepa">Salt-N-Pepa</a>. The late 1990s saw the rise of successful female rappers and a turn in <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_hip_hop" title="East Coast hip hop">East Coast hip hop</a>, with the debuts of <a href="/wiki/Lil%27_Kim" title="Lil' Kim">Lil' Kim</a> (with <i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Core_(Lil%27_Kim_album)" title="Hard Core (Lil' Kim album)">Hard Core</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Foxy_Brown_(rapper)" title="Foxy Brown (rapper)">Foxy Brown</a> (with <i><a href="/wiki/Ill_Na_Na" title="Ill Na Na">Ill Na Na</a></i>), due to their use of excessive raunchy and provocative lyrics. </p><p>In the early 1990s, the hip-hop/dance group <a href="/wiki/C%2BC_Music_Factory" title="C+C Music Factory">C+C Music Factory</a> also saw huge success, especially with the song "<a href="/wiki/Gonna_Make_You_Sweat_(Everybody_Dance_Now)" title="Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)">Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)</a>". </p><p>By the end of the 1990s, attention turned towards <a href="/wiki/Dirty_South_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirty South (music)">dirty south</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crunk" title="Crunk">crunk</a>, with artists such as <a href="/wiki/Outkast" title="Outkast">Outkast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trick_Daddy" title="Trick Daddy">Trick Daddy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trina" title="Trina">Trina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three_6_Mafia" title="Three 6 Mafia">Three 6 Mafia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_P" title="Master P">Master P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_(rapper)" title="Juvenile (rapper)">Juvenile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missy_Elliott" title="Missy Elliott">Missy Elliott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lil_Wayne" title="Lil Wayne">Lil Wayne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mid-1990s were marked by the deaths of the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_hip_hop" title="West Coast hip hop">West Coast-based</a> rapper <a href="/wiki/Tupac" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupac">Tupac</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_hip_hop" title="East Coast hip hop">East Coast-based</a> rapper <a href="/wiki/The_Notorious_B.I.G." title="The Notorious B.I.G.">The Notorious B.I.G.</a>, which conspiracy theorists claim were killed as a result of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast%E2%80%93West_Coast_hip_hop_rivalry" title="East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry">East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Samples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interpolation_(popular_music)" title="Interpolation (popular music)">interpolations</a> of old songs in hip hop songs were common in the 1990s as a way to celebrate the end of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> and the 20th century by going <a href="/wiki/Retro" class="mw-redirect" title="Retro">retro</a>. Many of the following songs include samples from older songs: "<a href="/wiki/U_Can%27t_Touch_This" title="U Can't Touch This">U Can't Touch This</a>" by <a href="/wiki/MC_Hammer" title="MC Hammer">MC Hammer</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Jump_Around" title="Jump Around">Jump Around</a>" by <a href="/wiki/House_of_Pain" title="House of Pain">House of Pain</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Mo_Money_Mo_Problems" title="Mo Money Mo Problems">Mo Money Mo Problems</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Big_Poppa" title="Big Poppa">Big Poppa</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Notorious_B.I.G." class="mw-redirect" title="Notorious B.I.G.">Notorious B.I.G.</a>; "<a href="/wiki/It_Was_a_Good_Day" title="It Was a Good Day">It Was a Good Day</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Ice_Cube" title="Ice Cube">Ice Cube</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Regulate_(song)" title="Regulate (song)">Regulate</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Warren_G" title="Warren G">Warren G</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nate_Dogg" title="Nate Dogg">Nate Dogg</a>; "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Be_Missing_You" title="I'll Be Missing You">I'll Be Missing You</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Puff_Daddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Puff Daddy">Puff Daddy</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Faith_Evans" title="Faith Evans">Faith Evans</a> and <a href="/wiki/112_(band)" title="112 (band)">112</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_No_Nigga" title="Ain't No Nigga">Ain't No Nigga</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Foxy_Brown_(rapper)" title="Foxy Brown (rapper)">Foxy Brown</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Killing_Me_Softly_With_His_Song#The_Fugees_version" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing Me Softly With His Song">Killing Me Softly</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Fugees" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fugees">The Fugees</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Feel_So_Good_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feel So Good (song)">Feel So Good</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Mase" title="Mase">Mase</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Hey_Lover" title="Hey Lover">Hey Lover</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Boyz_II_Men" title="Boyz II Men">Boyz II Men</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/LL_Cool_J" title="LL Cool J">LL Cool J</a>; "<a href="/wiki/C.R.E.A.M." title="C.R.E.A.M.">C.R.E.A.M.</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Wu-Tang_Clan" title="Wu-Tang Clan">Wu-Tang Clan</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Nuthin%27_but_a_%27G%27_Thang" title="Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang">Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Dr._Dre" title="Dr. Dre">Dr. Dre</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>; "<a href="/wiki/No_Diggity" title="No Diggity">No Diggity</a>" by <a href="/wiki/BLACKstreet" class="mw-redirect" title="BLACKstreet">BLACKstreet</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Gangsta%27s_Paradise" title="Gangsta's Paradise">Gangsta's Paradise</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Coolio" title="Coolio">Coolio</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/L.V._(singer)" title="L.V. (singer)">L.V.</a>; "<a href="/wiki/The_Rain_(Supa_Dupa_Fly)" title="The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)">The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Missy_Elliott" title="Missy Elliott">Missy Elliott</a>; "<a href="/wiki/I_Wish_(Skee-Lo_song)" title="I Wish (Skee-Lo song)">I Wish</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Skee-Lo" title="Skee-Lo">Skee-Lo</a>; "<a href="/wiki/People_Everyday" title="People Everyday">People Everyday</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Tennessee_(Arrested_Development_song)" title="Tennessee (Arrested Development song)">Tennessee</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Arrested_Development_(group)" title="Arrested Development (group)">Arrested Development</a>; "<a href="/wiki/The_Humpty_Dance" title="The Humpty Dance">The Humpty Dance</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Digital_Underground" title="Digital Underground">Digital Underground</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tupac" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupac">Tupac</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Do_for_Love" title="Do for Love">Do for Love</a>", "<a href="/wiki/I_Get_Around_(Tupac_Shakur_song)" title="I Get Around (Tupac Shakur song)">I Get Around</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/California_Love" title="California Love">California Love</a>"; and <a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Men_in_Black_(song)" title="Men in Black (song)">Men in Black</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Wild_Wild_West_(Will_Smith_song)" title="Wild Wild West (Will Smith song)">Wild Wild West</a>". </p><p>Some of the most prominent rap artists of the 1990s include <a href="/wiki/Bone_Thugs-N-Harmony" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone Thugs-N-Harmony">Bone Thugs-N-Harmony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tupac" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupac">Tupac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notorious_B.I.G." class="mw-redirect" title="Notorious B.I.G.">Notorious B.I.G.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nas" title="Nas">Nas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_Cube" title="Ice Cube">Ice Cube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Dre" title="Dr. Dre">Dr. Dre</a>, <a href="/wiki/LL_Cool_J" title="LL Cool J">LL Cool J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eazy-E" title="Eazy-E">Eazy-E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wu-Tang_Clan" title="Wu-Tang Clan">Wu-Tang Clan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanilla_Ice" title="Vanilla Ice">Vanilla Ice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Busta_Rhymes" title="Busta Rhymes">Busta Rhymes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cypress_Hill" title="Cypress Hill">Cypress Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_G" title="Warren G">Warren G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coolio" title="Coolio">Coolio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Pun" title="Big Pun">Big Pun</a>, <a href="/wiki/OutKast" class="mw-redirect" title="OutKast">OutKast</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Fugees" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fugees">The Fugees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naughty_by_Nature" title="Naughty by Nature">Naughty by Nature </a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobb_Deep" title="Mobb Deep">Mobb Deep</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Tribe_Called_Quest" title="A Tribe Called Quest">A Tribe Called Quest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puff_Daddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Puff Daddy">Puff Daddy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/DMX_(rapper)" class="mw-redirect" title="DMX (rapper)">DMX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_P" title="Master P">Master P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LaurynHill_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lauryn Hill was one of the most successful hip hop female artists of the 1990s."><img alt="Lauryn Hill was one of the most successful hip hop female artists of the 1990s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/LaurynHill_crop.jpg/245px-LaurynHill_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/LaurynHill_crop.jpg/367px-LaurynHill_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/LaurynHill_crop.jpg/490px-LaurynHill_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="674" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a> was one of the most successful hip hop female artists of the 1990s.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 153.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tupac_Shakur_passport_(clean).png" class="mw-file-description" title="2Pac became one of the most successful hip hop artists of the 1990s."><img alt="2Pac became one of the most successful hip hop artists of the 1990s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tupac_Shakur_passport_%28clean%29.png/230px-Tupac_Shakur_passport_%28clean%29.png" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Tupac_Shakur_passport_%28clean%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/2Pac" class="mw-redirect" title="2Pac">2Pac</a> became one of the most successful hip hop artists of the 1990s.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Dre_in_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dr. Dre"><img alt="Dr. Dre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dr._Dre_in_2011.jpg/199px-Dr._Dre_in_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Dr._Dre_in_2011.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="224" data-file-height="337" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dr._Dre" title="Dr. Dre">Dr. Dre</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_music">Electronic music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Electronic music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MOBY_RUST_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/MOBY_RUST_2009.jpg/150px-MOBY_RUST_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/MOBY_RUST_2009.jpg/225px-MOBY_RUST_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/MOBY_RUST_2009.jpg/300px-MOBY_RUST_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="2207" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moby" title="Moby">Moby</a>, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>With the explosive growth of computers, music technology and consequent reduction in the cost of equipment in the early 1990s, it became possible for a wider number of musicians to produce electronic music. Even though initially most of the electronic music was dance music, the genre developed in the 1990s as musicians started producing music which was not necessarily designed for the dance-floor but rather for home listening (later on referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">Electronica</a>") and slower-paced music which was played throughout chillout rooms—the relaxation sections of the clubs (later on referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Downtempo" title="Downtempo">downtempo</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Chill-out_music" title="Chill-out music">chill-out music</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient music</a>"). </p><p>Since we don't really know what was the first electronic music computer generated track ever made, in the USA we can find in the intro of Pink Floyd's "Dark Side of the Moon" released in 1973, a fully completed music track using only computers and machines. At the same time, in Germany, Kraftwerk is recognized as the very first band creating music only with machines and computers. Kraftwerk were the pioneers of what is electronic music nowadays. </p><p>Then, the electronic music scene exploded in the world, with at the front line, Chicago for House Music, and Detroit the Techno. </p><p>In the late 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> had success with her album <i><a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light" title="Ray of Light">Ray of Light</a></i> which experimented with electronica sounds. <a href="/wiki/Moby" title="Moby">Moby</a> achieved international success in the ambient electronica scene after releasing his critically acclaimed album <i><a href="/wiki/Play_(Moby_album)" title="Play (Moby album)">Play</a></i> in 1999 which produced an impressive eight hit singles (including his most popular songs "<a href="/wiki/Porcelain_(song)" title="Porcelain (song)">Porcelain</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Natural_Blues" title="Natural Blues">Natural Blues</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Why_Does_My_Heart_Feel_So_Bad%3F" title="Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?">Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?</a>"). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sasha_front1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sasha_front1.jpg/250px-Sasha_front1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sasha_front1.jpg/375px-Sasha_front1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sasha_front1.jpg/500px-Sasha_front1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Sasha using <a href="/wiki/Ableton_Live" title="Ableton Live">Ableton Live</a> at a nightclub.</figcaption></figure> <p>Electronic dance music was highly successful throughout the decade in Europe, particularly in Britain, Germany and Italy. Outdoor raves were popular at the start of the decade in the UK, before the government introduced its <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Public_Order_Act_1994" title="Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994">Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994</a>, leading to a higher number of superclubs opening. Among the most successful were <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Sound" title="Ministry of Sound">Ministry of Sound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cream_(nightclub)" title="Cream (nightclub)">Cream</a>. Before the ban, popular genres at these raves included <a href="/wiki/Breakbeat_hardcore" title="Breakbeat hardcore">breakbeat hardcore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a>, though in the mid-1990s these genres splintered into separate scenes, such as <a href="/wiki/Happy_hardcore" title="Happy hardcore">happy hardcore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oldschool_jungle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldschool jungle">jungle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">drum and bass</a>, the latter of which received mainstream recognition through artists such as <a href="/wiki/Goldie" title="Goldie">Goldie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roni_Size" title="Roni Size">Roni Size</a>. </p><p>Other notable British genres that emerged during the decade include <a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">progressive house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_beat" title="Big beat">big beat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vocal_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal house">vocal house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">trip hop</a> and <a href="/wiki/UK_garage" title="UK garage">UK garage</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Speed_garage" title="Speed garage">speed garage</a>). The latter genre developed in London in the late 1990s and continued to be successful through to the early 2000s. <a href="/wiki/DJ_Culture" title="DJ Culture">DJ Culture</a> also gained momentum during the 1990s. DJs such as <a href="/wiki/Sasha_(DJ)" title="Sasha (DJ)">Sasha</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Digweed" title="John Digweed">John Digweed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Oakenfold" title="Paul Oakenfold">Paul Oakenfold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferry_Corsten" title="Ferry Corsten">Ferry Corsten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pete_Tong" title="Pete Tong">Pete Tong</a> became big names in the business, which was made desirable by magazines such as <i><a href="/wiki/Mixmag" title="Mixmag">Mixmag</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Muzik" title="Muzik">Muzik</a></i>. </p><p>Italy ended the 1980s with <a href="/wiki/Italo_house" title="Italo house">Italo house</a>, before becoming one of many countries to release <a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hi-NRG" title="Hi-NRG">Hi-NRG</a>. Both genres were commercially successful across the world, with artists such as <a href="/wiki/2_Unlimited" title="2 Unlimited">2 Unlimited</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Bouche" title="La Bouche">La Bouche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Captain_Hollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Hollywood">Captain Hollywood</a> promoting the genre. Countries such as Germany and Belgium, however, developed harder, darker styles of music, namely <a href="/wiki/Gabber" title="Gabber">gabber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hard_trance" title="Hard trance">hard trance</a> and techno. Trance emerged in the early 1990s and by the end of the decade had penetrated most of Europe, with artists such as <a href="/wiki/ATB_(DJ)" title="ATB (DJ)">ATB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferry_Corsten" title="Ferry Corsten">Ferry Corsten</a>, <a href="/wiki/WestBam" title="WestBam">WestBam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Van_Dyk" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Van Dyk">Paul Van Dyk</a> gaining huge commercial and underground success. European trance remained popular until the early 2000s. Goa became famed for its <a href="/wiki/Goa_trance" title="Goa trance">goa trance</a> parties and <a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a> became the Number 1 clubbers' holiday destination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_music">Country music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Country music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garth_Brooks_at_We_Are_One_(edit).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Garth_Brooks_at_We_Are_One_%28edit%29.jpg/150px-Garth_Brooks_at_We_Are_One_%28edit%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Garth_Brooks_at_We_Are_One_%28edit%29.jpg/225px-Garth_Brooks_at_We_Are_One_%28edit%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Garth_Brooks_at_We_Are_One_%28edit%29.jpg/300px-Garth_Brooks_at_We_Are_One_%28edit%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1481" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth Brooks</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The popularity of country music exploded in the early 1990s. The stage had been set in 1989 with the debuts of several performers who proved to be profoundly influential on the genre during the 1990s and beyond. Most notable of that group was <a href="/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth Brooks</a>, who shattered records for album sales and concert attendance throughout the decade. The <a href="/wiki/RIAA" class="mw-redirect" title="RIAA">RIAA</a> has certified his recordings at a combined (128× <a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">platinum</a>), denoting roughly 113 million U.S. shipments.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brooks recorded primarily in a honky-tonk style, although he frequently combined elements of <a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">soft rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">arena rock</a> in his songs. His songs sometimes explored social themes, such as domestic violence (in "<a href="/wiki/The_Thunder_Rolls" title="The Thunder Rolls">The Thunder Rolls</a>") and racial harmony ("<a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Be_Free" title="We Shall Be Free">We Shall Be Free</a>)", while others – such as "<a href="/wiki/Friends_in_Low_Places" title="Friends in Low Places">Friends in Low Places</a>" — were just good-time songs with traditional country themes of heartbreak, loneliness and dealing with those emotions. </p><p>Other performers who rose in popularity during the early 1990s were neo-traditionalists <a href="/wiki/Clint_Black" title="Clint Black">Clint Black</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jackson" title="Alan Jackson">Alan Jackson</a> and southern rock influenced <a href="/wiki/Travis_Tritt" title="Travis Tritt">Travis Tritt</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mary_Chapin_Carpenter" title="Mary Chapin Carpenter">Mary Chapin Carpenter</a> had a folk-style about her, while <a href="/wiki/Lorrie_Morgan" title="Lorrie Morgan">Lorrie Morgan</a> (daughter of the late <a href="/wiki/George_Morgan_(singer)" title="George Morgan (singer)">George Morgan</a>, himself a country legend) blended elements of country and pop, and occasionally operatic sounds in songs such as "Something in Red." <a href="/wiki/Trisha_Yearwood" title="Trisha Yearwood">Trisha Yearwood</a> was one of the top new singers of 1991, while <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Rio" title="Diamond Rio">Diamond Rio</a> blended traditional and bluegrass styles and <a href="/wiki/Brooks_%26_Dunn" title="Brooks & Dunn">Brooks & Dunn</a> provided a driving honky-tonk sound. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cochrane" title="Tom Cochrane">Tom Cochrane</a> also saw huge success with his signature song "<a href="/wiki/Life_Is_a_Highway" title="Life Is a Highway">Life Is a Highway</a>". </p><p>During the early-to-middle part of the decade, several recordings were influenced by the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Line_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Line dancing">line dancing</a>, including "<a href="/wiki/Boot-Scootin%27_Boogie" class="mw-redirect" title="Boot-Scootin' Boogie">Boot-Scootin' Boogie</a>" by Brooks & Dunn and "<a href="/wiki/Achy_Breaky_Heart" title="Achy Breaky Heart">Achy Breaky Heart</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Billy_Ray_Cyrus" title="Billy Ray Cyrus">Billy Ray Cyrus</a>. This influence was so great that <a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a> was quoted as saying "The music has gotten pretty bad, I think. It's all that damn line dancing."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dixie_Chicks_by_ViVr_016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dixie_Chicks_by_ViVr_016.jpg/250px-Dixie_Chicks_by_ViVr_016.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dixie_Chicks_by_ViVr_016.jpg/375px-Dixie_Chicks_by_ViVr_016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dixie_Chicks_by_ViVr_016.jpg/500px-Dixie_Chicks_by_ViVr_016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dixie_Chicks" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixie Chicks">Dixie Chicks</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A steady stream of new artists began their careers during the mid- and late-1990s. Many of these careers were short-lived, but several went on to long-lived, profitable careers. The most successful of the new artists were Yearwood, <a href="/wiki/Shania_Twain" title="Shania Twain">Shania Twain</a>, <a href="/wiki/LeAnn_Rimes" title="LeAnn Rimes">LeAnn Rimes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Ann_Womack" title="Lee Ann Womack">Lee Ann Womack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martina_McBride" title="Martina McBride">Martina McBride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Chesney" title="Kenny Chesney">Kenny Chesney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collin_Raye" title="Collin Raye">Collin Raye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith_Hill" title="Faith Hill">Faith Hill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tim_McGraw" title="Tim McGraw">Tim McGraw</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Lonestar" title="Lonestar">Lonestar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dixie_Chicks" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixie Chicks">Dixie Chicks</a> were the most successful new groups. Twain's <i><a href="/wiki/Come_on_Over_(Shania_Twain_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Come on Over (Shania Twain album)">Come on Over</a></i> album became the best-selling album released by a female of any genre. Yearwood became the first woman in more than 25 years to have her debut single top the Billboard Country Singles chart in 1991 with her single "<a href="/wiki/She%27s_in_Love_with_the_Boy" title="She's in Love with the Boy">She's in Love with the Boy</a>". Yearwood's debut album also became the first by a female country act to sell over 1 million copies, eventually going double platinum. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tim_McGraw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tim_McGraw.jpg/200px-Tim_McGraw.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tim_McGraw.jpg/300px-Tim_McGraw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tim_McGraw.jpg/400px-Tim_McGraw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tim_McGraw" title="Tim McGraw">Tim McGraw</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Among artists whose success continued from the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Reba_McEntire" title="Reba McEntire">Reba McEntire</a> was the most successful of the female artists, selling more than 30 million albums during the decade, gaining eight number-one hit singles on the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Hot_Country_Songs" title="Hot Country Songs">Hot Country Singles & Tracks</a> chart and six number one albums internationally, including her best-selling album, <i><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Volume_Two_(Reba_McEntire_album)" title="Greatest Hits Volume Two (Reba McEntire album)">Greatest Hits Vol. 2</a></i>, which was released in September 1993 and has sold over an international amount of 10 million copies to date. <a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a>, a neo-traditionalist whose national success began in the early 1980s, enjoyed success as both a radio artist (17 No. 1 songs) and as a movie star (1992's <i><a href="/wiki/Pure_Country_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Country (film)">Pure Country</a></i>). <a href="/wiki/Alabama_(American_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama (American band)">Alabama</a>, the most successful country band of the 1980s, continued their run of popularity with sell-out concerts and best-selling albums, while topping the country chart five times. Among older artists having big hits, <a href="/wiki/Conway_Twitty" title="Conway Twitty">Conway Twitty</a> was one of the most successful, scoring two Top 3 hits with "<a href="/wiki/Crazy_in_Love_(Kim_Carnes_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crazy in Love (Kim Carnes song)">Crazy in Love</a>" and "I Couldn't See You Leaving", while <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Rabbitt" title="Eddie Rabbitt">Eddie Rabbitt</a> had a No. 1 hit with "<a href="/wiki/On_Second_Thought" title="On Second Thought">On Second Thought</a>." <a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a> had a No. 1 hit (with relative newcomer <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Van_Shelton" title="Ricky Van Shelton">Ricky Van Shelton</a>) on "<a href="/wiki/Rockin%27_Years" title="Rockin' Years">Rockin' Years</a>" in 1991 and had several top 15 hits. Although his 1990s singles never reached the top 20 (excepting for <a href="/wiki/A_Few_Ole_Country_Boys" title="A Few Ole Country Boys">a duet single</a> with <a href="/wiki/Randy_Travis" title="Randy Travis">Randy Travis</a>), <a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a> (who had been around since the 1950s) regularly recorded and released critically acclaimed material, including the semi-autobiographical "Choices." <a href="/wiki/The_Oak_Ridge_Boys" title="The Oak Ridge Boys">The Oak Ridge Boys</a> continued their run of success with a No. 1 hit ("<a href="/wiki/No_Matter_How_High" title="No Matter How High">No Matter How High</a>") and several other top 40 hits; in 1995, upon the departure of William Lee Golden's replacement Steve Sanders, Golden reunited with longtime band members Duane Allen, Joe Bonsall and Richard Sterban, and the group has remained intact since then. While the Oak Ridge Boys' contemporaries <a href="/wiki/The_Statler_Brothers" title="The Statler Brothers">The Statler Brothers</a> were no longer reaching the top 40, the veteran group remained highly popular with fans and their new albums continued to sell well. Other artists reaching the top 10 of the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart were <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Jennings" title="Waylon Jennings">Waylon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Murray" title="Anne Murray">Anne Murray</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Rogers" title="Kenny Rogers">Kenny Rogers</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisa_Loeb_07-22-2015_-9_(19745854258).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lisa_Loeb_07-22-2015_-9_%2819745854258%29.jpg/170px-Lisa_Loeb_07-22-2015_-9_%2819745854258%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lisa_Loeb_07-22-2015_-9_%2819745854258%29.jpg/255px-Lisa_Loeb_07-22-2015_-9_%2819745854258%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lisa_Loeb_07-22-2015_-9_%2819745854258%29.jpg/340px-Lisa_Loeb_07-22-2015_-9_%2819745854258%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Loeb" title="Lisa Loeb">Lisa Loeb</a> became the first artist to score a No. 1 hit with "<a href="/wiki/Stay_(I_Missed_You)" title="Stay (I Missed You)">Stay (I Missed You)</a>" before signing to any record label.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pop-influenced country music began growing in popularity, particularly after Twain and Hill rose in popularity in the latter half of the 1990s. In 1998, Hill's "<a href="/wiki/This_Kiss_(Faith_Hill_song)" title="This Kiss (Faith Hill song)">This Kiss</a>" and Twain's "<a href="/wiki/You%27re_Still_the_One" title="You're Still the One">You're Still the One</a>" both reached the top 10 of the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a>, in addition to peaking at No. 1 on the <a href="/wiki/Hot_Country_Songs" title="Hot Country Songs">Hot Country Singles & Tracks</a> chart. Rimes had a multi-million selling hit with "<a href="/wiki/How_Do_I_Live" title="How Do I Live">How Do I Live</a>" (a song successfully covered by Yearwood), while Lonestar also had a huge crossover hit with "<a href="/wiki/Amazed" title="Amazed">Amazed</a>." Although the occurrence of country crossing over to the pop charts goes back as far as the start of the <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">charts</a> in 1940, some critics began to be troubled by a trend toward what they perceived as pop music marketed as country; they contended that radio was concentrating more on newer music while ignoring the more traditional styles of older artists such as <a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a>, and others who continued to record and release new material. <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> and producer Rick Rubin once purchased a full-page advertisement in <i>Billboard</i> magazine – after Cash's album <i><a href="/wiki/Unchained_(Johnny_Cash_album)" title="Unchained (Johnny Cash album)">Unchained</a></i> won a Grammy for Best Country Album, despite a lack of support from radio – showing a young Cash displaying his <a href="/wiki/The_finger" title="The finger">middle finger</a> and sarcastically "thanking" radio for supporting the album.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The criticism of pop-influenced and non-traditional styles in country music, however, dated back to the 1970s although it had quieted down comparably during the 1980s. </p><p>In the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Alternative_country" title="Alternative country">alternative country</a> came to refer to a diverse group of musicians and singers operating outside the traditions and industry of mainstream country music. In general, they eschewed the high production values and pop outlook of the Nashville-dominated industry, to produce music with a <a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lo-fi (music)">lo-fi</a> sound, frequently infused with a strong <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock & roll">rock & roll</a> aesthetic, bending the traditional rules of country music. Lyrics were often bleak, gothic or socially aware. Other initiators include <a href="/wiki/Old_97%27s" title="Old 97's">Old 97's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Earle" title="Steve Earle">Steve Earle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tupelo" title="Uncle Tupelo">Uncle Tupelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Son_Volt" title="Son Volt">Son Volt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Adams" title="Ryan Adams">Ryan Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Morning_Jacket" title="My Morning Jacket">My Morning Jacket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blitzen_Trapper" title="Blitzen Trapper">Blitzen Trapper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Drive-By_Truckers" title="Drive-By Truckers">Drive-By Truckers</a>. </p><p>A number of notable artists in country music died during the decade, including Twitty, <a href="/wiki/Webb_Pierce" title="Webb Pierce">Webb Pierce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dottie_West" title="Dottie West">Dottie West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Ernie_Ford" title="Tennessee Ernie Ford">Tennessee Ernie Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Miller" title="Roger Miller">Roger Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rich" title="Charlie Rich">Charlie Rich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnie_Pearl" title="Minnie Pearl">Minnie Pearl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faron_Young" title="Faron Young">Faron Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Denver" title="John Denver">John Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grandpa_Jones" title="Grandpa Jones">Grandpa Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Rabbitt" title="Eddie Rabbitt">Eddie Rabbitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rogers" title="Roy Rogers">Roy Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rex_Allen" title="Rex Allen">Rex Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hank_Snow" title="Hank Snow">Hank Snow</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jazz">Jazz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Swing_revival">Swing revival</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Swing revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Swing_revival" title="Swing revival">Swing revival</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BigBadVoodooDaddy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/BigBadVoodooDaddy.jpg/200px-BigBadVoodooDaddy.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/BigBadVoodooDaddy.jpg/300px-BigBadVoodooDaddy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/BigBadVoodooDaddy.jpg/400px-BigBadVoodooDaddy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Big_Bad_Voodoo_Daddy" title="Big Bad Voodoo Daddy">Big Bad Voodoo Daddy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1990s, concurrent with <a href="/wiki/Third_wave_ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Third wave ska">third wave ska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing music</a> made a resurgence in the form of <a href="/wiki/Swing_revival" title="Swing revival">swing revival</a>, which brought the jazz form into the pop charts. Reaching its commercial zenith around the time of the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Swingers_(1996_film)" title="Swingers (1996 film)">Swingers</a></i>, whose soundtrack featured numerous 1990s swing bands, the movement was exemplified by bands such as <a href="/wiki/Big_Bad_Voodoo_Daddy" title="Big Bad Voodoo Daddy">Big Bad Voodoo Daddy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Poppin%27_Daddies" title="Cherry Poppin' Daddies">Cherry Poppin' Daddies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squirrel_Nut_Zippers" title="Squirrel Nut Zippers">Squirrel Nut Zippers</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Brian_Setzer_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Setzer Orchestra">Brian Setzer Orchestra</a>. The highest-charting song of the genre would have been "<a href="/wiki/Jump,_Jive_an%27_Wail" title="Jump, Jive an' Wail">Jump, Jive an' Wail</a>" by the Brian Setzer Orchestra, which peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the U.S. in 1998, and won the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Performance_by_a_Duo_or_Group_with_Vocals" title="Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals">Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals</a> in 1999. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1990s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1990s)">Music of the United Kingdom (1990s)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rock_2">Rock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Madchester">Madchester</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Madchester"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1980s/early 1990s, a counter-culture movement rose from the Manchester club scene that came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a>. <a href="/wiki/Happy_Mondays" title="Happy Mondays">Happy Mondays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inspiral_Carpets" title="Inspiral Carpets">Inspiral Carpets</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Roses" title="The Stone Roses">the Stone Roses</a> were the pre-eminent bands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Britpop">Britpop</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Britpop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg/220px-Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg/330px-Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg/440px-Oasis_Liam_and_Noel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a> were the biggest band of the 1990s <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> scene and the only band to make a significant impact in the US market.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1990s, a counter-culture movement rose in Britain, called <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> by the music press, rejecting the themes of disenfranchised youth coming out of America in favor of songs written specifically about the experiences of the British youth. Although the movement was heavily influenced by 1960s, 1970s and 1980s <a href="/wiki/British_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="British rock">British rock</a>, there was very little that musically defined the Britpop bands beyond the intensely British lyrical themes. Britpop bands such as <a href="/wiki/Blur_(band)" title="Blur (band)">Blur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suede_(band)" title="Suede (band)">Suede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kula_Shaker" title="Kula Shaker">Kula Shaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(band)" title="Pulp (band)">Pulp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ash_(band)" title="Ash (band)">Ash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Colour_Scene" title="Ocean Colour Scene">Ocean Colour Scene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elastica" title="Elastica">Elastica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supergrass" title="Supergrass">Supergrass</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Verve" title="The Verve">the Verve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a> regularly topped the singles and album charts throughout the decade. </p><p>Oasis were the biggest band of the Britpop era at the forefront of alternative rock, as their second album <i><a href="/wiki/(What%27s_the_Story)_Morning_Glory%3F" title="(What's the Story) Morning Glory?">(What's the Story) Morning Glory?</a></i> became the second highest selling studio album of all time in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Wonderwall_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wonderwall (song)">Wonderwall</a>" peaked at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart, and number 8 on the US <i>Billboard</i> Hot 100. Their era-defining concerts at <a href="/wiki/Knebworth_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Knebworth Park">Knebworth Park</a>, playing to 250,000 people over two nights,<sup id="cite_ref-Harris,_pg._298_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris,_pg._298-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> broke records for attendance and ticket applications.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris,_pg._298_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris,_pg._298-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to this, they made a significant impact on the US market, achieving three top 5 albums in that country. The Britpop phenomena ran out of steam by the end of the 1990s with most of its most successful bands splitting up or fading away, although bands that rose from the rubble of predecessors Oasis were <a href="/wiki/Travis_(band)" title="Travis (band)">Travis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keane_(band)" title="Keane (band)">Keane</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Post-Britpop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From about 1997, Britpop as a movement began to dissolve, and emerging bands began to avoid the Britpop label while still producing music derived from it.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris2004_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2004-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these bands tended to mix elements of British traditional rock (or British trad rock),<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Small_Faces" title="Small Faces">Small Faces</a><sup id="cite_ref-Patridis2004_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patridis2004-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with American influences, including <a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">post-grunge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicTravis_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicTravis-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a> bands like <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travis_(band)" title="Travis (band)">Travis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keane_(band)" title="Keane (band)">Keane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stereophonics" title="Stereophonics">Stereophonics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_Patrol" title="Snow Patrol">Snow Patrol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feeder_(band)" title="Feeder (band)">Feeder</a> achieved much wider international success than most of the Britpop groups that had preceded them, and were some of the most commercially successful acts of the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicTravis_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicTravis-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicStereophonics_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicStereophonics-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicColdplay_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicColdplay-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Shoegaze"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></div> <p>Shoegaze is an indie and alternative rock subgenre distinguished by an ethereal blend of obscured vocals, guitar distortion and effects, feedback, and overwhelming volume.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The album <i><a href="/wiki/Loveless_(album)" title="Loveless (album)">Loveless</a></i> (1991) by <a href="/wiki/My_Bloody_Valentine_(band)" title="My Bloody Valentine (band)">My Bloody Valentine</a> is widely regarded as the genre's defining release; other notable shoegaze bands include <a href="/wiki/Slowdive" title="Slowdive">Slowdive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ride_(band)" title="Ride (band)">Ride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lush_(band)" title="Lush (band)">Lush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pale_Saints" title="Pale Saints">Pale Saints</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chapterhouse_(band)" title="Chapterhouse (band)">Chapterhouse</a>. "The Scene That Celebrates Itself" was a loose label given to shoegaze bands and other affiliated bands in London in the early 1990s. Most shoegaze artists followed in the footsteps of My Bloody Valentine and bands like <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Jr." title="Dinosaur Jr.">Dinosaur Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jesus_and_Mary_Chain" title="The Jesus and Mary Chain">the Jesus and Mary Chain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cocteau_Twins" title="Cocteau Twins">Cocteau Twins</a> on their late 1980s recordings.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_trends">Other trends</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Other trends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Irish Celtic folk rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Corrs" title="The Corrs">the Corrs</a> achieved international success during the late 1990s with a series of hit recordings which established them as international stars and helped prolong a successful career that continued into the 2000s. The Scottish rock duo <a href="/wiki/The_Proclaimers" title="The Proclaimers">The Proclaimers</a> achieved success with "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Gonna_Be_(500_Miles)" title="I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)">I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pop_2">Pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pop music and <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a> became popular throughout the 1990s. Popular European pop artists of the 1990s included <a href="/wiki/Seal_(musician)" title="Seal (musician)">Seal</a>, <a href="/wiki/M_People" title="M People">M People</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Unlimited" title="2 Unlimited">2 Unlimited</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Base" title="Ace of Base">Ace of Base</a>. </p><p>During the 1990s, some European managers created their own <a href="/wiki/Boy_band" title="Boy band">boy band</a> acts, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Martin-Smith" title="Nigel Martin-Smith">Nigel Martin-Smith</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Take_That" title="Take That">Take That</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_17" title="East 17">East 17</a>, which competed with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Walsh" title="Louis Walsh">Louis Walsh</a>'s Irish bands <a href="/wiki/Westlife" title="Westlife">Westlife</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boyzone" title="Boyzone">Boyzone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, the male saturated market was turned on its head by one of the most successful and influential pop acts of the decade, the <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a>. The group achieve nine number one singles in the UK and US, including "<a href="/wiki/Wannabe_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wannabe (song)">Wannabe</a>", "<a href="/wiki/2_Become_1" title="2 Become 1">2 Become 1</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Spice_Up_Your_Life" title="Spice Up Your Life">Spice Up Your Life</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Sinclair2004_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinclair2004-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group, unlike their British boy band predecessors, manage to break America and achieve the best-selling album of 1997 in the US. More girl groups began to emerge such as <a href="/wiki/All_Saints_(group)" title="All Saints (group)">All Saints</a>, who had five number one hits in the UK and two multi-platinum albums.<sup id="cite_ref-Warwick2004_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warwick2004-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the century, the grip of boy bands on the charts was faltering, but proved the basis for solo careers like that of <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Williams" title="Robbie Williams">Robbie Williams</a>, formerly of Take That, who achieved six number one singles in the UK between 1998 and 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Warwick2004_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warwick2004-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional popular European <a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">teen pop</a> acts of the 1990s included <a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Base" title="Ace of Base">Ace of Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aqua_(band)" title="Aqua (band)">Aqua</a> and <a href="/wiki/A*Teens" class="mw-redirect" title="A*Teens">A*Teens</a>. The German singer <a href="/wiki/Lou_Bega" title="Lou Bega">Lou Bega</a> also achieved success with his cover of "<a href="/wiki/Mambo_No._5" title="Mambo No. 5">Mambo No. 5</a>" </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sentimental_ballad" title="Sentimental ballad">Ballad</a> songs were popular during this decade, and popular European artists included <a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Palmer_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Palmer (singer)">Robert Palmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sade_(band)" title="Sade (band)">Sade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor" title="Sinéad O'Connor">Sinéad O'Connor</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cranberries" title="The Cranberries">the Cranberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Stansfield" title="Lisa Stansfield">Lisa Stansfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roxette" title="Roxette">Roxette</a>. Danish pop/<a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">soft rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Michael_Learns_to_Rock" title="Michael Learns to Rock">Michael Learns to Rock</a>, fronted by singer/songwriter/keyboardist <a href="/wiki/Jascha_Richter" title="Jascha Richter">Jascha Richter</a>, were well known for their ballads, particularly in Asia with songs such as "<a href="/wiki/The_Actor_(Michael_Learns_to_Rock_song)" title="The Actor (Michael Learns to Rock song)">The Actor</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Child_(Michael_Learns_to_Rock_song)" title="Sleeping Child (Michael Learns to Rock song)">Sleeping Child</a>", "<a href="/wiki/That%27s_Why_(You_Go_Away)" title="That's Why (You Go Away)">That's Why (You Go Away)</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Paint_My_Love_(song)" title="Paint My Love (song)">Paint My Love</a>". </p><p>In summer 1996, the <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spanish music</a> duo <a href="/wiki/Los_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Los del Río">Los del Río</a> popularized the <a href="/wiki/Dance_craze" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance craze">dance craze</a> "Macarena" with their <a href="/wiki/Summer_hit" title="Summer hit">summer hit</a> "<a href="/wiki/Macarena_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macarena (song)">Macarena</a>". The song was featured prominently in many other countries during the mid-1990s. </p><p>In October 1998, the American artist <a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a> released her <a href="/wiki/Euro_disco" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro disco">Euro disco</a> album <a href="/wiki/Believe_(Cher_album)" title="Believe (Cher album)">Believe</a>, which was popular and sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robbiein2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robbie Williams, 2009"><img alt="Robbie Williams, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Robbiein2009.jpg/225px-Robbiein2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Robbiein2009.jpg/337px-Robbiein2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Robbiein2009.jpg/450px-Robbiein2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robbie_Williams" title="Robbie Williams">Robbie Williams</a>, 2009</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 307.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 305.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spice_Girls_(6_janv)_56.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spice Girls, 2008"><img alt="Spice Girls, 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg/458px-Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg" decoding="async" width="306" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg/686px-Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg/915px-Spice_Girls_%286_janv%29_56.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a>, 2008</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_music_2">Electronic music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Electronic music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the explosive growth of computers music technology and consequent reduction in the cost of equipment in the early 1990s, it became possible for a wider number of musicians to produce electronic music. </p><p>The popularity of <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rave_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rave music">rave</a> in the early part of the decade lead to the boom of the more commercial <a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a> genre. Popular European <a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a> acts of the decade included <a href="/wiki/Toy-Box" title="Toy-Box">Toy-Box</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daze_(band)" title="Daze (band)">Daze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonny_Jakobsen" title="Jonny Jakobsen">Jonny Jakobsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexia_(Italian_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexia (Italian singer)">Alexia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Deejay" title="Alice Deejay">Alice Deejay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rednex" title="Rednex">Rednex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haddaway" title="Haddaway">Haddaway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captain_Jack_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Jack (band)">Captain Jack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captain_Hollywood_Project" title="Captain Hollywood Project">Captain Hollywood Project</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basic_Element_(music_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Element (music group)">Basic Element</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solid_Base" title="Solid Base">Solid Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daze_(band)" title="Daze (band)">Daze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gigi_D%27Agostino" title="Gigi D'Agostino">Gigi D'Agostino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vengaboys" title="Vengaboys">Vengaboys</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Unlimited" title="2 Unlimited">2 Unlimited</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cappella_(Eurodance_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappella (Eurodance group)">Cappella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_65" title="Eiffel 65">Eiffel 65</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corona_(musical_project)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corona (musical project)">Corona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_Beat" title="Culture Beat">Culture Beat</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJ_Bobo" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ Bobo">DJ Bobo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Alban" title="Dr. Alban">Dr. Alban</a>, T.H. Express, <a href="/wiki/Ice_MC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice MC">Ice MC</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Bouche" title="La Bouche">La Bouche</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Brothers_on_the_4th_Floor" title="2 Brothers on the 4th Floor">2 Brothers on the 4th Floor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twenty_4_Seven" title="Twenty 4 Seven">Twenty 4 Seven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leila_K" title="Leila K">Leila K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fun_Factory_(band)" title="Fun Factory (band)">Fun Factory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masterboy" title="Masterboy">Masterboy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(band)" title="Mr. President (band)">Mr. President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandora_(singer)" title="Pandora (singer)">Pandora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_Affair" title="Magic Affair">Magic Affair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxx_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxx (band)">Maxx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loft_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loft (band)">Loft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sash!" title="Sash!">Sash!</a>, <a href="/wiki/BKS_(band)" title="BKS (band)">BKS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snap!" title="Snap!">Snap!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playahitty" title="Playahitty">Playahitty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Love_Inc._(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Love Inc. (band)">Love Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_McCoy_(band)" title="Real McCoy (band)">Real McCoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urban_Cookie_Collective" title="Urban Cookie Collective">Urban Cookie Collective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scatman_John" title="Scatman John">Scatman John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paradisio" title="Paradisio">Paradisio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whigfield" title="Whigfield">Whigfield</a>. Eventually the popularity of the Eurodance genre lead to the huge popularity of the <a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">trance</a> genre in the late 1990s and early 2000s. </p><p>The 1990s also saw the development and refinement of <a href="/wiki/IDM_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="IDM (music)">IDM</a> (intelligent dance music), which borrowed from forms such as <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">drum and bass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">acid house</a> music and introduced more abstract elements, including heavy use of <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processing" title="Digital signal processing">digital signal processing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2U_Live_Photo_NEWCUT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Dutch Eurodance act 2 Unlimited was one of the most successful electronic music acts of the 1990s."><img alt="The Dutch Eurodance act 2 Unlimited was one of the most successful electronic music acts of the 1990s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/2U_Live_Photo_NEWCUT.jpg/345px-2U_Live_Photo_NEWCUT.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/2U_Live_Photo_NEWCUT.jpg/517px-2U_Live_Photo_NEWCUT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/2U_Live_Photo_NEWCUT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Dutch Eurodance act <a href="/wiki/2_Unlimited" title="2 Unlimited">2 Unlimited</a> was one of the most successful electronic music acts of the 1990s.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flint%26Holiday.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The English electronic dance music group the Prodigy was one of the most successful electronic music groups of the 1990s."><img alt="The English electronic dance music group the Prodigy was one of the most successful electronic music groups of the 1990s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flint%26Holiday.jpg/360px-Flint%26Holiday.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flint%26Holiday.jpg/539px-Flint%26Holiday.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flint%26Holiday.jpg/719px-Flint%26Holiday.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The English electronic dance music group <a href="/wiki/The_Prodigy" title="The Prodigy">the Prodigy</a> was one of the most successful electronic music groups of the 1990s.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom, popular electronic genres of the 1990s included <a href="/wiki/Breakbeat_hardcore" title="Breakbeat hardcore">breakbeat hardcore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">drum and bass</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jungle_music" title="Jungle music">jungle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_beat" title="Big beat">big beat</a> and <a href="/wiki/UK_garage" title="UK garage">UK garage</a>. Among the most commercially successful electronic acts in the 1990s of these scenes were artists such as <a href="/wiki/The_Prodigy" title="The Prodigy">the Prodigy</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Chemical_Brothers" title="The Chemical Brothers">the Chemical Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatboy_Slim" title="Fatboy Slim">Fatboy Slim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aphex_Twin" title="Aphex Twin">Aphex Twin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autechre" title="Autechre">Autechre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boards_of_Canada" title="Boards of Canada">Boards of Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squarepusher" title="Squarepusher">Squarepusher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leftfield" title="Leftfield">Leftfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/LFO_(British_band)" title="LFO (British band)">LFO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massive_Attack" title="Massive Attack">Massive Attack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portishead_(band)" title="Portishead (band)">Portishead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Underworld_(band)" title="Underworld (band)">Underworld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faithless" title="Faithless">Faithless</a>. Notable 1990s UK garage acts included the <a href="/wiki/Dreem_Teem" title="Dreem Teem">Dreem Teem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuff_Jam" title="Tuff Jam">Tuff Jam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grant_Nelson_(disc_jockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant Nelson (disc jockey)">Grant Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/187_Lockdown" title="187 Lockdown">187 Lockdown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_99" title="Double 99">R.I.P. Productions/Double 99</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dem_2" title="Dem 2">Dem 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artful_Dodger_(duo)" title="Artful Dodger (duo)">Artful Dodger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceri_Evans_(Sunship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceri Evans (Sunship)">Sunship</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a> saw a rise in popularity in the early part of the decade, with acts such as <a href="/wiki/Jamiroquai" title="Jamiroquai">Jamiroquai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incognito_(band)" title="Incognito (band)">Incognito</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Brand_New_Heavies" title="The Brand New Heavies">the Brand New Heavies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Us3" title="Us3">Us3</a>, the <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor_Quartet" title="James Taylor Quartet">James Taylor Quartet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stereo_MCs" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo MCs">Stereo MCs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronny_Jordan" title="Ronny Jordan">Ronny Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galliano_(band)" title="Galliano (band)">Galliano</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corduroy_(band)" title="Corduroy (band)">Corduroy</a>, as well as some American acts such as <a href="/wiki/Digable_Planets" title="Digable Planets">Digable Planets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buckshot_LeFonque" title="Buckshot LeFonque">Buckshot LeFonque</a>. </p><p>The arrival of <a href="/wiki/Massive_Attack" title="Massive Attack">Massive Attack</a> in the early 1990s lead to a new style of slow electronic music dubbed <a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">trip hop</a> and influenced groups such as <a href="/wiki/Portishead_(band)" title="Portishead (band)">Portishead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tricky_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricky (musician)">Tricky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morcheeba" title="Morcheeba">Morcheeba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thievery_Corporation" title="Thievery Corporation">Thievery Corporation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pop_3">Pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luis_Miguel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Luis_Miguel.jpg/150px-Luis_Miguel.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Luis_Miguel.jpg/225px-Luis_Miguel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Luis_Miguel.jpg/300px-Luis_Miguel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel" title="Luis Miguel">Luis Miguel</a>, first Latin idol of the decade</figcaption></figure> <p>Puerto Rico became a merengue stronghold in the early 1990s, with acts such as <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Crespo" title="Elvis Crespo">Elvis Crespo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olga_Ta%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Olga Tañón">Olga Tañón</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Man%C3%ADa" title="Grupo Manía">Grupo Manía</a> topping the charts throughout Latin America. </p><p>Latin boys band and vocal pop groups were storming up the charts in Mexico and Central America. Mexican boy band <a href="/wiki/Magneto_(band)" title="Magneto (band)">Magneto</a> spawned hits in the early 1990s but split in 1996. In 1995, their successors, Mercurio continued making top hits like <i>Bye Bye Baby</i> and <i>Explota Corazón</i>. <a href="/wiki/MDO_(band)" title="MDO (band)">MDO</a>, a Puerto Rican boy band also hoarded the charts with songs like <i>No Puedo Olvidarme de Ti</i>. Mexican pop groups <a href="/wiki/Onda_Vaselina" class="mw-redirect" title="Onda Vaselina">Onda Vaselina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kabah_(band)" title="Kabah (band)">Kabah</a> spanned several hits in the Latin American charts and made history in the Mexican charts. <a href="/wiki/Jeans_(band)" title="Jeans (band)">Jeans</a>, Mexican pop girl group rose to fame in late 1996 and 1997 and continued until the 2000s. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thal%C3%ADa_in_concert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Thal%C3%ADa_in_concert.jpg/150px-Thal%C3%ADa_in_concert.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Thal%C3%ADa_in_concert.jpg/225px-Thal%C3%ADa_in_concert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Thal%C3%ADa_in_concert.jpg/300px-Thal%C3%ADa_in_concert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thal%C3%ADa" title="Thalía">Thalía</a> rose to fame as a member of the musical group <a href="/wiki/Timbiriche" title="Timbiriche">Timbiriche</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Then-21-year-old singer <a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel" title="Luis Miguel">Luis Miguel</a> rediscovered the bolero circa 1991, echoing back to the trios of the 1940s with his album <i><a href="/wiki/Romance_(Luis_Miguel_album)" title="Romance (Luis Miguel album)">Romance</a></i>, making him the biggest international Latin star until the late 1990s. </p><p>From early to mid-1990s successful acts such as <a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena Quintanilla-Pérez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thal%C3%ADa" title="Thalía">Thalía</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Thomas" title="Lynda Thomas">Lynda Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chayanne" title="Chayanne">Chayanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paulina_Rubio" title="Paulina Rubio">Paulina Rubio</a> and arguably the most successful and influential, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Trevi" title="Gloria Trevi">Gloria Trevi</a>, became the first 1990s music idols in Latin America, subsequently appeared other successful singers and pop groups, including <a href="/wiki/No_Mercy_(pop_band)" title="No Mercy (pop band)">No Mercy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fey_(singer)" title="Fey (singer)">Fey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias" title="Enrique Iglesias">Enrique Iglesias</a>, they also achieved international success. </p><p>Colombian rock singer <a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a>, Puerto Rican-American actress <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez" title="Jennifer Lopez">Jennifer Lopez</a>, and Spanish singer <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias" title="Enrique Iglesias">Enrique Iglesias</a> began to rise into the top of the pop charts by the end of the decade, following Selena's <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Selena" title="Murder of Selena">assassination</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Martin" title="Ricky Martin">Ricky Martin</a> eclipsed Luis Miguel as the top Latin star when he performed "<a href="/wiki/The_Cup_of_Life" title="The Cup of Life">The Cup of Life</a>" during the <a href="/wiki/41st_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="41st Annual Grammy Awards">1999 Grammy Awards</a>, earning him the award for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Latin_Pop_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album">Best Latin Pop Performance</a>. He released his <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Martin_(1999_album)" title="Ricky Martin (1999 album)">English-language debut album</a> less than half a year later, which featured the international hit, opening track "<a href="/wiki/Livin%27_la_Vida_Loca" title="Livin' la Vida Loca">Livin' la Vida Loca</a>". </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rock_3">Rock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg/250px-Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg/375px-Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg/500px-Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A1" title="Maná">Maná</a> in concert.</figcaption></figure> <p>Surge of newfound interest in <a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">Spanish-language rock</a>, led by bands like <a href="/wiki/Soda_Stereo" title="Soda Stereo">Soda Stereo</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9roes_del_Silencio" title="Héroes del Silencio">Héroes del Silencio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Fabulosos_Cadillacs" title="Los Fabulosos Cadillacs">Los Fabulosos Cadillacs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A1" title="Maná">Maná</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Ley_(band)" title="La Ley (band)">La Ley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Tacuba" title="Café Tacuba">Café Tacuba</a> or <a href="/wiki/Los_Tres" title="Los Tres">Los Tres</a> which gained large international following during this period. Others would follow their footsteps. </p><p>Along with the rise of Spanish rock came "rock alternativo", a Spanish equivalent to alternative rock headed by bands like <a href="/wiki/Los_Piojos" title="Los Piojos">Los Piojos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babas%C3%B3nicos" title="Babasónicos">Babasónicos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attaque_77" title="Attaque 77">Attaque 77</a>. The "<a href="/wiki/Rolinga" title="Rolinga">rolinga</a>" or "stone rock" genre also emerged from "rock alternativo", popularized and headed throughout the entire decade by Viejas Locas. The stone-rock genre would remain popular in the 2000s with the Viejas Locas' vocalist, <a href="/wiki/Cristian_%C3%81lvarez_(musician)" title="Cristian Álvarez (musician)">Pity Álvarez</a>'s other band Intoxicados. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salsa">Salsa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Salsa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1990s, salsa spread from the Caribbean region all over Latin America sharing the dance music niche with <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">cumbia</a>. During this period salsa became also increasingly popular as dance music in the US and Europe. Beginning in 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Salsa_romantica" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa romantica">salsa romantica</a> that began in the 1980s becomes a standard in tropical music thanks to chart-topping stars mainly from Puerto Rico such as <a href="/wiki/Marc_Anthony" title="Marc Anthony">Marc Anthony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Rivera" title="Jerry Rivera">Jerry Rivera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tito_Rojas" title="Tito Rojas">Tito Rojas</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Manuelle" title="Víctor Manuelle">Víctor Manuelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Santa_Rosa" title="Gilberto Santa Rosa">Gilberto Santa Rosa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cumbia">Cumbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Cumbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1990s, the popularity of cumbia waned in favour of other styles such as salsa but remained relatively strong. In <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, Mexico, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, Colombia and other countries as well synthesizers and elements of electronic music were incorporated into cumbia music, giving birth to cumbia sonidera, cumbia andina mexicana and <a href="/wiki/Cumbia_villera" title="Cumbia villera">cumbia villera</a>. The blending of <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cumbia" title="Peruvian cumbia">chicha music</a> and cumbia in Peru also gained large popularity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oceania">Oceania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natalie_Imbruglia_Vienna_Donauinselfest2015_21_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Natalie_Imbruglia_Vienna_Donauinselfest2015_21_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Natalie_Imbruglia_Vienna_Donauinselfest2015_21_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Natalie_Imbruglia_Vienna_Donauinselfest2015_21_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Natalie_Imbruglia_Vienna_Donauinselfest2015_21_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Natalie_Imbruglia_Vienna_Donauinselfest2015_21_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Natalie_Imbruglia_Vienna_Donauinselfest2015_21_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="1349" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Imbruglia" title="Natalie Imbruglia">Natalie Imbruglia</a>, 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>In Australia and New Zealand, the bands <a href="/wiki/INXS" title="INXS">INXS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crowded_House" title="Crowded House">Crowded House</a>, who had risen to international fame in the 1980s, continued their success into the 1990s. However, INXS saw a decline in popularity after the release of 1993's <i><a href="/wiki/Full_Moon,_Dirty_Hearts" title="Full Moon, Dirty Hearts">Full Moon, Dirty Hearts</a></i>, which did not even reach the US Top 50 and on 22 November 1997, a few months after the release of the band's tenth studio album <i><a href="/wiki/Elegantly_Wasted" title="Elegantly Wasted">Elegantly Wasted</a></i>, lead singer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hutchence" title="Michael Hutchence">Michael Hutchence</a> was found dead in a Sydney hotel room. Crowded House released two further albums, 1991's <i><a href="/wiki/Woodface" title="Woodface">Woodface</a></i> and 1994's <i><a href="/wiki/Together_Alone" title="Together Alone">Together Alone</a></i>, which were both successful internationally, but disbanded in 1996 after playing their 'Farewell to the World' concert at the steps of the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a>. Their greatest hits compilation album <i><a href="/wiki/Recurring_Dream" title="Recurring Dream">Recurring Dream</a></i>, released in 1996, debuted at number one in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom and reached the Top 20 in several European territories. Notable 1990s Australian rock bands include <a href="/wiki/Silverchair" title="Silverchair">Silverchair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savage_Garden" title="Savage Garden">Savage Garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_Girl" title="Bachelor Girl">Bachelor Girl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Powderfinger" title="Powderfinger">Powderfinger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Living_End" title="The Living End">The Living End</a>. </p><p>By the mid-1990s, Australian music saw increased exposure in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> with several newer Australian acts being marketed in those regions. <sup id="cite_ref-BBAUActsAsia_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBAUActsAsia-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBAULookingToAsia_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBAULookingToAsia-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Price" title="Rick Price">Rick Price</a>'s album <i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_Knows_(Rick_Price_album)" title="Heaven Knows (Rick Price album)">Heaven Knows</a></i> reached over 250,000 copies in Asia and its title track reached no. 1 in top 40 radio charts in Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan. <sup id="cite_ref-BBAUActsAsia_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBAUActsAsia-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBAULookingToAsia_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBAULookingToAsia-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sons" title="Southern Sons">Southern Sons</a> topped Philippine radio charts, and <a href="/wiki/Frente!" title="Frente!">Frente!</a> reached platinum in the Philippines and Thailand with the album <i><a href="/wiki/Marvin_the_Album" title="Marvin the Album">Marvin the Album</a></i>. <sup id="cite_ref-BBAUActsAsia_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBAUActsAsia-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In New Zealand, hip hop group <a href="/wiki/OMC_(band)" title="OMC (band)">OMC's</a> single "<a href="/wiki/How_Bizarre_(song)" title="How Bizarre (song)">How Bizarre</a>" became the most successful New Zealand song in history, reaching number one in several music charts around the world, including Australia, Canada, Ireland, South Africa and Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_3279973_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_3279973-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nineties saw a surge in popularity of alternative rock music in New Zealand, especially the popularity of alternative rock bands from the independent music label <a href="/wiki/Flying_Nun_Records" title="Flying Nun Records">Flying Nun Records</a>. Successful alternative rock bands of this era include <a href="/wiki/Straitjacket_Fits" title="Straitjacket Fits">Straitjacket Fits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headless_Chickens" title="Headless Chickens">Headless Chickens</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Chills" title="The Chills">The Chills</a>. <a href="/wiki/Headless_Chickens" title="Headless Chickens">Headless Chickens</a> provided <a href="/wiki/Flying_Nun_Records" title="Flying Nun Records">Flying Nun</a> with their first number one New Zealand single in 1994 with their song "<a href="/wiki/George_(song)" title="George (song)">George</a>". </p><p>Australian singer <a href="/wiki/Kylie_Minogue" title="Kylie Minogue">Kylie Minogue</a>, who quickly rose to fame in the late 1980s, continued to be popular throughout the decade, most notably with songs "<a href="/wiki/Confide_in_Me" title="Confide in Me">Confide in Me</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Where_the_Wild_Roses_Grow" title="Where the Wild Roses Grow">Where the Wild Roses Grow</a>", which she recorded with Nick Cave. Her younger sister <a href="/wiki/Dannii_Minogue" title="Dannii Minogue">Dannii</a>, launched her music career becoming successful in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> with hits such as "<a href="/wiki/Love_and_Kisses_(song)" title="Love and Kisses (song)">Love and Kisses</a>", "<a href="/wiki/This_Is_It_(Van_McCoy_song)#Dannii_Minogue_version" class="mw-redirect" title="This Is It (Van McCoy song)">This Is It</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/All_I_Wanna_Do_(Dannii_Minogue_song)" title="All I Wanna Do (Dannii Minogue song)">All I Wanna Do</a>". </p><p>The 1990s also saw the emergence of pop/rock singer <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Imbruglia" title="Natalie Imbruglia">Natalie Imbruglia</a> mainly thanks to her biggest hit - the cover of the song <a href="/wiki/Torn_(Natalie_Imbruglia_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Torn (Natalie Imbruglia song)">Torn</a> which became one of the most popular pop songs of the decade. </p><p>Other prominent pop singers that emerged during the 1990s included <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andre" title="Peter Andre">Peter Andre</a>, pop band <a href="/wiki/Human_Nature_(band)" title="Human Nature (band)">Human Nature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tina_Arena" title="Tina Arena">Tina Arena</a> and R&B/hip-hop artists <a href="/wiki/CDB_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDB (band)">CDB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deni_Hines" title="Deni Hines">Deni Hines</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Throughout the 1990s, the local music industries across <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> have seen massive growth, despite persistent challenges from piracy. While local acts continue to dominate sales and airplay across the region, the 1990s also saw many Western artists break into the Asian markets, especially in the growing <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> markets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_rock">Japanese rock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Japanese rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Supercar_(band)" title="Supercar (band)">Supercar</a> released its influential debut album <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Out_Change" title="Three Out Change">Three Out Change</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-martin2017_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin2017-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Characterized as having "almost foundational importance to 21st century Japanese indie rock",<sup id="cite_ref-martin2019_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin2019-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supercar remained active through 2005 with their later albums containing more electronic rock.<sup id="cite_ref-martin2017_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin2017-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the same time, bands such as <a href="/wiki/Quruli" title="Quruli">Quruli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Number_Girl" title="Number Girl">Number Girl</a> had begun heavily influencing Japanese alternative rock. Music critic Ian Martin wrote that, along with Supercar, these groups had demonstrated that "Japanese rock bands could take on the British and American alternative bands of the 1990s at their own game ... and in doing so, they had laid the new ground for Japanese rock to develop in its own way from this point on."<sup id="cite_ref-martin26_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin26-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="J-pop">J-pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: J-pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tokyo-based noise rock band <a href="/wiki/Melt-Banana" title="Melt-Banana">Melt-Banana</a> became an international touring <a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">cult</a> act as well as the <a href="/wiki/Boredoms" title="Boredoms">Boredoms</a>. </p><p>J-Pop was a major trend in the late 1990s. The Japanese record label <a href="/wiki/Avex_Trax" title="Avex Trax">Avex Trax</a> produced a string of top-charting J-pop artists, including <a href="/wiki/Namie_Amuro" title="Namie Amuro">Namie Amuro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayumi_Hamasaki" title="Ayumi Hamasaki">Ayumi Hamasaki</a>, and the band <a href="/wiki/Every_Little_Thing_(band)" title="Every Little Thing (band)">Every Little Thing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Utada" title="Hikaru Utada">Hikaru Utada</a>, only 16 at the time, scored her signature hit in 1999 with "Automatic", which was later covered by Hong Kong singer Kelly Chen. Also in 1999, <a href="/wiki/DA_PUMP" class="mw-redirect" title="DA PUMP">DA PUMP</a>, a four-member boyband, had a hit with "Crazy Beat Goes On!",<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> featured in the soundtrack of the year's film blockbuster, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_1:_The_Phantom_Menace" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace">Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace</a></i>. "Give me a shake", by girl-band <a href="/wiki/MAX_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAX (band)">MAX</a>, was also a chart-topper in 1999. </p><p>J-pop in the 1990s was significant because of its irresistible inclusion of English lyrics in the songs. Titles of most songs were also often in English. Notable examples include "Feeling good – it's paradise" by DA PUMP and "Give me a shake" by MAX. Other J-pop artists, such as Hokkaido two-girl band <a href="/wiki/Kiroro" title="Kiroro">Kiroro</a>, rarely included English lyrics in their songs. </p><p>Some non-Japanese-speaking artists, such as Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Hsu" title="Vivian Hsu">Vivian Hsu</a>, also crossed over successfully into J-pop; Hsu's band Black Biscuits had a hit single in 1999 in both Japanese<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Taiwanese Mandarin<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with "Bye bye". Taiwanese singer A-mei recorded a Japanese song on her 1999 album <i>May I hold you, lover?</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C-pop">C-pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: C-pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1990s_in_music" title="Special:EditPage/1990s in music">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221990s+in+music%22">"1990s in music"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221990s+in+music%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221990s+in+music%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221990s+in+music%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221990s+in+music%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221990s+in+music%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 1990s saw a revival of interest in local music in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Singapore. In these four regions alone, local artists outsold foreign artists, especially during the late 1990s. </p><p>Three big Taiwanese rockers were household names throughout the 1990s. In 1997, it was <a href="/wiki/Wu_Bai" title="Wu Bai">Wu Bai</a>; in 1998, the two-piece band <a href="/wiki/Power_Station_(Taiwanese_band)" title="Power Station (Taiwanese band)">Power Station</a>; and in 1999, the veteran pub guitarist/singer <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迪克牛仔 (page does not exist)">Dick Cowboy</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bai" title="Wu Bai">Wu</a> was known for his versatile ability to sing and write songs in Hokkien ("Number one in the world",<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Back to hometown",<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Lonely tree, lonely bird"<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) as well as Taiwanese Mandarin ("Wanderer's love song",<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Crying woman"<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and also his poetic lyrics. His compositions were also recorded by other artists such as Hong Kong's Jacky Cheung ("If this is not love"<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Wakin Chau ("Crying woman"<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and Andy Lau ("Number one in the world",<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Lone star tear"<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and Taiwan's Tarcy Su ("Lazy Man's Diary",<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Passive",<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Yellow Moon"<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Power_Station_(Taiwanese_band)" title="Power Station (Taiwanese band)">Power Station</a>, a Taiwanese aboriginal duo from the Paiwan tribe, were well known for their long hair, pitch-perfect two-part vocal harmonies, branded guitars/basses, and electrifying rock anthems. Members Yu Chiu-Hsin and Yen Chih-Lin also enjoyed success as singers of numerous television opening (and occasionally ending) themes throughout 1998 and 1999; they won the Best Theme Song award at the 1999 Star Awards for their song "I can endure the hardship", opening theme song to the award-winning drama series <a href="/wiki/Stepping_Out_(Singaporean_TV_series)" title="Stepping Out (Singaporean TV series)"><i>Stepping Out</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dick Cowboy had been a singer in various pubs in his youth, and was especially known for his covers of songs by A-mei,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phil Chang,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Jeff Chang.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, at the age of 40, his original composition "Forget me or forget him"<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> propelled him to superstardom. </p><p>High-voiced male singers were fashionable in Taiwanese pop music in the 1990s. <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Chang_(singer)" title="Jeff Chang (singer)">Jeff Chang</a> was the foremost of these. His album <i>Intuition</i> (1998) contained the title track,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is his biggest single to date. </p><p>Singer-songwriter <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/熊天平">Panda Hsiung</a>, whose voice was very similar to Chang's, had his biggest hit with his original composition "Incomprehensible memories"<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1998, which was featured on the soundtrack of the drama, <i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Eight_Immortals" title="Legend of the Eight Immortals">Legend of the Eight Immortals</a></i>. Panda also had a string of hits throughout 1998 and 1999, including "I Wander Alone",<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "River of the Blues",<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Snowbird",<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "The Match Girl".<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other popular Taiwanese male singers with exceptionally high voices during the 1990s included <a href="/wiki/Chang_Yu_Sheng" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang Yu Sheng">Chang Yu Sheng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Lin" title="Terry Lin">Terry Lin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chyi_Chin" title="Chyi Chin">Chyi Chin</a>. </p><p>The Eurodance craze found its way into the Asian pop market with such singers as <a href="/wiki/Yuki_Hsu" title="Yuki Hsu">Yuki Hsu</a>. Her first big hit, recorded in 1999 when she was only 20, was "Who is bad?",<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a cover of Jonny Jakobsen's "<a href="/wiki/Calcutta_(Taxi_Taxi_Taxi)" title="Calcutta (Taxi Taxi Taxi)">Calcutta (Taxi taxi taxi)</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, J-pop became popular in Taiwan and Hong Kong after their songs were translated into Chinese, for instance Kelly Chen's "Automatic<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ", a cover of the Hikaru Utada original;<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Rene Liu's "Later",<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a remake of the Kiroro original.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hong Kong's <a href="/wiki/Four_Heavenly_Kings_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Heavenly Kings (Hong Kong)">Four Heavenly Kings</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Kwok" title="Aaron Kwok">Aaron Kwok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Lau" title="Andy Lau">Andy Lau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacky_Cheung" title="Jacky Cheung">Jacky Cheung</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leon_Lai" title="Leon Lai">Leon Lai</a> – were the undisputed solo artists from Hong Kong in the 1990s. Cheung was also nicknamed the "God of Songs" during this period. </p><p>Young Hong Kong singers <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chan" title="Daniel Chan">Daniel Chan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Cheng" title="Ronald Cheng">Ronald Cheng</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gigi_Leung" title="Gigi Leung">Gigi Leung</a> had their big breaks in the 1990s. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chan" title="Daniel Chan">Chan</a>'s "Only you in my heart",<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the album of the same name, was released in 1997 when Chan was only 22; the song was later selected as the opening theme song of Singaporean TV series, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tv.toggle.sg/en/tv/shows/from-the-medical-files-s1-1/info"><i>From the Medical Files</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141154/https://tv.toggle.sg/en/tv/shows/from-the-medical-files-s1-1/info">Archived</a> 29 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Chan would also continue to sing a few television opening/ending themes in 1998, including "Lonely nights I'm not lonely"<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (from <a href="/wiki/Stand_by_Me_(television_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stand by Me (television series)"><i>Stand by me</i></a>), "When dreams are discovered"<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "Does your heart hurt"<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (both from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180130204326/https://video.toggle.sg/en/video/series/a-piece-of-sky/ep1/471970"><i>A Piece of Sky</i></a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Cheng" title="Ronald Cheng">Cheng</a>'s album <i>I Really Can</i> was released in 1999 and was his biggest seller to date; his other successful albums included <i>You Are Not My Dearest Lover</i> (1997) and <i>Don't Love Me</i> (1996). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gigi_Leung" title="Gigi Leung">Leung</a>'s album <i>Fresh</i> (1999), along with its title track,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a bestseller upon its release, and the title track remains her signature song. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Julie_Su_Rui" class="mw-redirect" title="Julie Su Rui">Julie Su Rui</a> of Taiwan and <a href="/wiki/Anita_Mui" title="Anita Mui">Anita Mui</a> of Hong Kong, both of them established veteran singers, also had comeback albums in this period. Su's album <i>Love Comes This Way</i> was released in 1998, and Mui's <i>Intimate Lover</i>, in 1992. </p><p>In late 1999, two Hong Kong veteran singers had chart-topping albums. <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Chan" title="Jordan Chan">Jordan Chan</a>'s album <i>A Bigger Star</i> contained the song "I Don't Have Such Fate";<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/William_So" title="William So">William So</a>'s album <i>Loving Someone Is So Hard</i> contained "You + Me + Heartbroken",<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a re-recording of his signature song "Sadder as We Kiss" with new lyrics. </p><p>Other Asian singers who had chart-toppers in the 1990s included, among others: </p> <ul><li>From Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/Wakin_Chau" title="Wakin Chau">Wakin Chau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sally_Yip" class="mw-redirect" title="Sally Yip">Sally Yip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hui" title="Andy Hui">Andy Hui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tai" title="Samuel Tai">Samuel Tai</a>, <a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%96%B9" class="extiw" title="yue:呂方">David Lui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sammi_Cheng" title="Sammi Cheng">Sammi Cheng</a>;</li> <li>From Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Tarcy_Su" title="Tarcy Su">Tarcy Su</a>, <a href="/wiki/CoCo_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="CoCo Lee">CoCo Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/A-mei" class="mw-redirect" title="A-mei">A-mei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chao_Chuan" title="Chao Chuan">Chao Chuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richie_Ren" class="mw-redirect" title="Richie Ren">Richie Ren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Chang" title="Phil Chang">Phil Chang</a>;</li> <li>From Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Moo" title="Eric Moo">Eric Moo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ah_Niu" title="Ah Niu">Ah Gu</a> and <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%BE%B7%E8%BC%9D" class="extiw" title="zh:關德輝">Auguste Kwan</a>;</li> <li>From Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Kit_Chan" title="Kit Chan">Kit Chan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mavis_Hee" title="Mavis Hee">Mavis Hee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fann_Wong" title="Fann Wong">Fann Wong</a>.</li></ul> <p>The 1990s also saw the death of Taiwanese countertenor singer <a href="/wiki/Chang_Yu_Sheng" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang Yu Sheng">Chang Yu Sheng</a>, who died in a car accident late in 1997. His protege, aboriginal singer <a href="/wiki/A-mei" class="mw-redirect" title="A-mei">A-mei</a>, recorded the song "Hearing You, Hearing Me" in his memory.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filipino_pop">Filipino pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Filipino pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Pinoy pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Pinoy rock</a></div> <p>In the early 1990s, the Philippine music market, largely dominated by Western acts, saw the emergence of a local music scene influenced by indigenous styles and instrumentation, as illustrated in the music of artists such as <a href="/wiki/Joey_Ayala" title="Joey Ayala">Joey Ayala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Mountain_(band)" title="Smokey Mountain (band)">Smokey Mountain</a>. By the mid-1990s, an <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative</a>-influenced <a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Pinoy rock</a> scene emerged from the underground, led by bands such as <a href="/wiki/Rivermaya" title="Rivermaya">Rivermaya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eraserheads" title="Eraserheads">Eraserheads</a>. Filipino acoustic and soft rock also became prominent by the mid-1990s, led by bands such as <a href="/wiki/Neocolours" title="Neocolours">Neocolours</a>, <a href="/wiki/True_Faith_(band)" title="True Faith (band)">True Faith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Side_A_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Side A (band)">Side A</a>. </p><p>Original Pilipino music (OPM), primarily in <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> and English and driven by sentimental ballads, remained prominent throughout the 1990s, led by emergent artists from that decade such as <a href="/wiki/Regine_Velasquez" title="Regine Velasquez">Regine Velasquez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaya_(singer)" title="Jaya (singer)">Jaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jolina_Magdangal" title="Jolina Magdangal">Jolina Magdangal</a>, as well as established acts from the 1980s such as <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Cuneta" title="Sharon Cuneta">Sharon Cuneta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zsa_Zsa_Padilla" title="Zsa Zsa Padilla">Zsa Zsa Padilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joey_Albert" title="Joey Albert">Joey Albert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Cruz" title="Donna Cruz">Donna Cruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Nievera" title="Martin Nievera">Martin Nievera</a>. Soul, R&B and Latin music became more influential on the OPM sound by the late 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1999, <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> magazine named <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> as the Artist of the Decade in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a> was named the "top Latin artist of the '90s" and "best-selling Latin artist of the decade" by <i>Billboard</i>, for her fourteen top-ten singles in the Top Latin Songs chart, including seven number-one hits.<sup id="cite_ref-selena_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selena-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The singer also had the most successful singles of 1994 and 1995, "<a href="/wiki/Amor_Prohibido_(song)" title="Amor Prohibido (song)">Amor Prohibido</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/No_Me_Queda_Mas" class="mw-redirect" title="No Me Queda Mas">No Me Queda Más</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-billboardmag_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billboardmag-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reflecting on the decade's musical developments in <i><a href="/wiki/Christgau%27s_Consumer_Guide:_Albums_of_the_%2790s" title="Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s">Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s</a></i> (2000), music critic <a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Robert Christgau</a> said the 1990s were "richly chaotic, unknowable", and "highly subject to vagaries of individual preference", yet "conducive to some manageable degree of general comprehension and enjoyment by any <a href="/wiki/Rockism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockism">rock and roller</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2022 study from research group Luminate revealed that 60% of American music listeners born in the 1990s listened to music from the decade they were born, compared to 53% of those born in the 2000s, 52% of those born in the 1980s, 41% of those born in the 1970s, and 35% of those born in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/24px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/35px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/47px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1990s" title="Portal:1990s">1990s portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/15px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/20px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_music" title="1970s in music">1970s in music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_music" title="1980s in music">1980s in music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_music" title="2000s in music">2000s in music</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/grunge-d2679">"Grunge Music Genre Overview – AllMusic"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Grunge+Music+Genre+Overview+%E2%80%93+AllMusic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fexplore%2Fstyle%2Fgrunge-d2679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/euro-pop-d404">"Euro-Pop Music Genre Overview – AllMusic"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Euro-Pop+Music+Genre+Overview+%E2%80%93+AllMusic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fexplore%2Fstyle%2Feuro-pop-d404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Country Rocks, Monday, 30 March 1992 – Time.com]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buzz-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-buzz_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Azerrad (1994), p. 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_alt-rock-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-American_alt-rock_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/explore/essay/">American Alternative Rock/Post-Punk</a>". <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 20 May 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/smash-mouth-mn0000029600">"Smash Mouth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Smash+Mouth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fsmash-mouth-mn0000029600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYarm2011" class="citation news cs1">Yarm, Mark (23 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2011/09/23/showbiz/music/roots-grunge-yarm/index.html">"Commentary: The roots of grunge run deep"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+The+roots+of+grunge+run+deep&rft.date=2011-09-23&rft.aulast=Yarm&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2011%2F09%2F23%2Fshowbiz%2Fmusic%2Froots-grunge-yarm%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pearlman, Nina. "Black Days." <i><a href="/wiki/Guitar_World" title="Guitar World">Guitar World</a></i>. December 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AllmusicPostGrunge-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AllmusicPostGrunge_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d2771">"Post-grunge"</a>, <i>Allmusic</i>, retrieved 17 January 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azerrad419-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Azerrad419_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Azerrad, <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Band_Could_Be_Your_Life" title="Our Band Could Be Your Life">Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981–1991</a></i>, (Boston: Little Brown and Company, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-78753-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-78753-1">0-316-78753-1</a>, pp. 452–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AllMusicPostgrunge-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AllMusicPostgrunge_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d2771">"Post-grunge"</a>, <i>Allmusic</i>, retrieved 31 December 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bogdanov2002FooFighters-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bogdanov2002FooFighters_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, <i>All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul</i> (Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), p. 423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guila_6_50-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guila_6_50_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGulla2006" class="citation book cs1">Gulla, Bob (2006). <i>The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Rock History, Volume Six</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32981-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32981-8"><bdi>0-313-32981-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greenwood+Encyclopedia+of+Rock+History%2C+Volume+Six&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-313-32981-8&rft.aulast=Gulla&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090614155202/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/theoffspring/albums/album/160074/review/21324403/smash">"The Offspring: Smash : Music Reviews : Rolling Stone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/theoffspring/albums/album/160074/review/21324403/smash">the original</a> on 14 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+Offspring%3A+Smash+%3A+Music+Reviews+%3A+Rolling+Stone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fartists%2Ftheoffspring%2Falbums%2Falbum%2F160074%2Freview%2F21324403%2Fsmash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bestseller lists and Diamond Certification available at the <a href="/wiki/RIAA" class="mw-redirect" title="RIAA">RIAA</a> website: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060818085906/http://www.riaa.com/gp/bestsellers/diamond.asp">"Recording Industry Association of America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/gp/bestsellers/diamond.asp">the original</a> on 18 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1995+THE+ENTERTAINERS%2FTHE+ROOKIES+%26%23124%3B+Jagged+Little+Pill+%26%23124%3B+Cover+Story+%26%23124%3B+News&rft.date=1995-12-29&rft.aulast=Gordinier&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ew.com%2Few%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C300150%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/tom-cochrane-mn0000931015">"Tom Cochrane"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Tom+Cochrane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Ftom-cochrane-mn0000931015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023042603/http://www.terra.com.mx/articulo.aspx?articuloid=20981">"Lynda realiza su internacionalización (1999 interview)"</a>. terra.com. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lynda+realiza+su+internacionalizaci%C3%B3n+%281999+interview%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terra.com.mx%2Farticulo.aspx%3Farticuloid%3D20981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlick1998" class="citation cs2">Flick, Larry (3 December 1998), "The Year in Music", <i>Billboard</i>, vol. 109, no. 52, p. 16, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=The+Year+in+Music&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=52&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1998-12-03&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft.aulast=Flick&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billboard_Album_peaks-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Billboard_Album_peaks_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p4572"><i>Janet Jackson</i></a>, Allmusic, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Janet+Jackson&rft.pub=Allmusic&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp4572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p4572"><i>Janet Jackson: Charts & Awards: Billboard Singles</i></a>, Allmusic, 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Janet+Jackson%3A+Charts+%26+Awards%3A+Billboard+Singles&rft.pub=Allmusic&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp4572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grammy_Awards-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grammy_Awards_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090111110127/http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=janet%20jackson&year=0&genreID=0&hp=1"><i>Grammy Winners Search</i></a>, The Recording Academy, 2008, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=janet%20jackson&year=0&genreID=0&hp=1">the original</a> on 11 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammy+Winners+Search&rft.pub=The+Recording+Academy&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2FGRAMMY_Awards%2FWinners%2FResults.aspx%3Ftitle%3D%26winner%3Djanet%2520jackson%26year%3D0%26genreID%3D0%26hp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacksons_Number_Ones-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jacksons_Number_Ones_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jacksons_Number_Ones_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalsteadCadman2003" class="citation cs2">Halstead, Craig; Cadman, Chris (2003), <i>Jacksons Number Ones</i>, Authors on Line, pp. 28, 120, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7552-0098-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7552-0098-5"><bdi>0-7552-0098-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacksons+Number+Ones&rft.pages=28%2C+120&rft.pub=Authors+on+Line&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7552-0098-5&rft.aulast=Halstead&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.au=Cadman%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singles_peaks-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-singles_peaks_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/artist/janet-jackson/chart-history/">"Artist Chart History – Janet Jackson"</a>, <i>Billboard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Artist+Chart+History+%E2%80%93+Janet+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fartist%2Fjanet-jackson%2Fchart-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PR-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PR_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/janet-jacksons-greatest-hits-celebrated-on-number-ones-64079852.html"><i>Janet Jackson's Greatest Hits Celebrated on Number Ones</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Enterprises" title="Universal Music Enterprises">Universal Music Enterprises</a>: <a href="/wiki/PR_Newswire" title="PR Newswire">PR Newswire</a>, 14 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Janet+Jackson%27s+Greatest+Hits+Celebrated+on+Number+Ones&rft.place=Universal+Music+Enterprises&rft.pub=PR+Newswire&rft.date=2009-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fjanet-jacksons-greatest-hits-celebrated-on-number-ones-64079852.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cert-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cert_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914145208/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=Janet%20Jackson&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25"><i>Gold & Platinum</i></a>, Recording Industry Association of America, 1958–2009, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=Janet%20Jackson&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25">the original</a> on 14 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gold+%26+Platinum&rft.pub=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft.date=1958%2F2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgoldandplatinumdata.php%3Fresultpage%3D1%26table%3DSEARCH_RESULTS%26action%3D%26title%3D%26artist%3DJanet%2520Jackson%26format%3DALBUM%26debutLP%3D%26category%3D%26sex%3D%26releaseDate%3D%26requestNo%3D%26type%3D%26level%3D%26label%3D%26company%3D%26certificationDate%3D%26awardDescription%3D%26catalogNo%3D%26aSex%3D%26rec_id%3D%26charField%3D%26gold%3D%26platinum%3D%26multiPlat%3D%26level2%3D%26certDate%3D%26album%3D%26id%3D%26after%3D%26before%3D%26startMonth%3D1%26endMonth%3D1%26startYear%3D1958%26endYear%3D2009%26sort%3DArtist%26perPage%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_Blue_Music-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_Blue_Music_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_Blue_Music_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_Blue_Music_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRipani2006" class="citation cs2">Ripani, Richard J. (2006), <i>The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950–1999</i>, Univ. 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href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/jPu3u8kfxCw">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8D%E4%BD%B0+Wu+Bai%26China+Blue%E3%80%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AD%89%E3%80%91Official+Music+Video&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.au=%E6%BB%BE%E7%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87+ROCK+RECORDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DjPu3u8kfxCw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF滾石唱片_ROCK_RECORDS2012" class="citation web cs1">滾石唱片 ROCK RECORDS (21 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvE5BQSYAPs">"伍佰 Wu Bai&China Blue【返去故鄉 Back to hometown】Official Music Video"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/QvE5BQSYAPs">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8D%E4%BD%B0+Wu+Bai%26China+Blue%E3%80%90%E8%BF%94%E5%8E%BB%E6%95%85%E9%84%89+Back+to+hometown%E3%80%91Official+Music+Video&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.au=%E6%BB%BE%E7%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87+ROCK+RECORDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQvE5BQSYAPs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF滾石唱片_ROCK_RECORDS2012" class="citation web cs1">滾石唱片 ROCK RECORDS (22 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObSPLQ-1fJI">"伍佰 Wu Bai&China Blue【樹枝孤鳥 Lonely tree, lonely bird】Official Music Video"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/ObSPLQ-1fJI">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8D%E4%BD%B0+Wu+Bai%26China+Blue%E3%80%90%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%9D%E5%AD%A4%E9%B3%A5+Lonely+tree%2C+lonely+bird%E3%80%91Official+Music+Video&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft.au=%E6%BB%BE%E7%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87+ROCK+RECORDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DObSPLQ-1fJI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF滾石唱片_ROCK_RECORDS2012" class="citation web cs1">滾石唱片 ROCK RECORDS (21 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPkqtboFFYI">"伍佰 Wu Bai&China Blue【浪人情歌 Wanderer's love song】Official Music Video"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/OPkqtboFFYI">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8D%E4%BD%B0+Wu+Bai%26China+Blue%E3%80%90%E6%B5%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%83%85%E6%AD%8C+Wanderer%27s+love+song%E3%80%91Official+Music+Video&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.au=%E6%BB%BE%E7%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87+ROCK+RECORDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOPkqtboFFYI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF滾石唱片_ROCK_RECORDS2012" class="citation web cs1">滾石唱片 ROCK RECORDS (21 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8fqHvr82-o">"伍佰 Wu Bai&China Blue【痛哭的人 The person who weeps bitterly】Official Music Video"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/P8fqHvr82-o">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8D%E4%BD%B0+Wu+Bai%26China+Blue%E3%80%90%E7%97%9B%E5%93%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA+The+person+who+weeps+bitterly%E3%80%91Official+Music+Video&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.au=%E6%BB%BE%E7%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87+ROCK+RECORDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DP8fqHvr82-o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFshunyi_wang2012" class="citation web cs1">shunyi wang (12 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9lii7Z3oNY">"[MOMO]张学友如果这都不算爱"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Y9lii7Z3oNY">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BMOMO%5D%E5%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8B+%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E8%BF%99%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%8D%E7%AE%97%E7%88%B1&rft.date=2012-06-12&rft.au=shunyi+wang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DY9lii7Z3oNY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jgospel.net/%2fc%2f2%2f36424%2f292%2f3986%2f%e5%91%a8%e8%8f%af%e5%81%a5-%e7%97%9b%e5%93%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%ba(The-Person-Who-Weeps-Betterly).aspx">"周華健 - 痛哭的人(The Person Who Weeps Betterly) < 樂壇 | jgospel.net 福音站.com"</a>. <i>www.jgospel.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jgospel.net&rft.atitle=%E5%91%A8%E8%8F%AF%E5%81%A5+-+%E7%97%9B%E5%93%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%28The+Person+Who+Weeps+Betterly%29+%3C+%E6%A8%82%E5%A3%87+%26%23124%3B+jgospel.net+%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%AB%99.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jgospel.net%2F%252fc%252f2%252f36424%252f292%252f3986%252f%25e5%2591%25a8%25e8%258f%25af%25e5%2581%25a5-%25e7%2597%259b%25e5%2593%25ad%25e7%259a%2584%25e4%25ba%25ba%28The-Person-Who-Weeps-Betterly%29.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatt_Hen2016" class="citation web cs1">Matt Hen (21 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A0A97x8F0E">"1997 劉德華世界第一等台語老歌"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/1A0A97x8F0E">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1997+%E5%8A%89%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF+%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AD%89+%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E8%80%81%E6%AD%8C&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft.au=Matt+Hen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D1A0A97x8F0E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarietyMusicStation2014" class="citation web cs1">VarietyMusicStation (4 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWaqDeZI3Xg">"♫ 劉德華 ~ 孤星淚"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/QWaqDeZI3Xg">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E2%99%AB+%E5%8A%89%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF+~+%E5%AD%A4%E6%98%9F%E6%B7%9A&rft.date=2014-08-04&rft.au=VarietyMusicStation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQWaqDeZI3Xg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF滾石唱片_ROCK_RECORDS2012" class="citation web cs1">滾石唱片 ROCK RECORDS (29 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJ2eFKSazCQ">"蘇慧倫 Tarcy Su【懶人日記 Lazy man's diary】Official Music Video"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/IJ2eFKSazCQ">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%98%87%E6%85%A7%E5%80%AB+Tarcy+Su%E3%80%90%E6%87%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%97%A5%E8%A8%98+Lazy+man%27s+diary%E3%80%91Official+Music+Video&rft.date=2012-05-29&rft.au=%E6%BB%BE%E7%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87+ROCK+RECORDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DIJ2eFKSazCQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF滾石唱片_ROCK_RECORDS2012" class="citation web cs1">滾石唱片 ROCK RECORDS (29 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JAvWmsX0Lc">"蘇慧倫 Tarcy Su【被動 Passive】Official Music Video"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/8JAvWmsX0Lc">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%98%87%E6%85%A7%E5%80%AB+Tarcy+Su%E3%80%90%E8%A2%AB%E5%8B%95+Passive%E3%80%91Official+Music+Video&rft.date=2012-05-29&rft.au=%E6%BB%BE%E7%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87+ROCK+RECORDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D8JAvWmsX0Lc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF滾石唱片_ROCK_RECORDS2012" class="citation web cs1">滾石唱片 ROCK RECORDS (29 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LyLjifazEs">"蘇慧倫 Tarcy Su【黃色月亮 The yellow moon】Official Music Video"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/9LyLjifazEs">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%98%87%E6%85%A7%E5%80%AB+Tarcy+Su%E3%80%90%E9%BB%83%E8%89%B2%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%AE+The+yellow+moon%E3%80%91Official+Music+Video&rft.date=2012-05-29&rft.au=%E6%BB%BE%E7%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87+ROCK+RECORDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D9LyLjifazEs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtytnsm2010" class="citation web cs1">tytnsm (22 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jayhm-Ji-Ew">"我吃得起苦动力火车"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Jayhm-Ji-Ew">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%88%91%E5%90%83%E5%BE%97%E8%B5%B7%E8%8B%A6+%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6&rft.date=2010-03-22&rft.au=tytnsm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJayhm-Ji-Ew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtws4742011" class="citation web cs1">tws474 (18 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_nszWH3c6o">"迪克牛仔 – 20. 原來你甚麼都不要"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/o_nszWH3c6o">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94+%E2%80%93+20.+%E5%8E%9F%E4%BE%86%E4%BD%A0%E7%94%9A%E9%BA%BC%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft.au=tws474&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Do_nszWH3c6o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtws4742011" class="citation web cs1">tws474 (30 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtnRo5neW0I">"迪克牛仔 – 21. 哭不出來"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/FtnRo5neW0I">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94+%E2%80%93+21.+%E5%93%AD%E4%B8%8D%E5%87%BA%E4%BE%86&rft.date=2011-10-30&rft.au=tws474&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DFtnRo5neW0I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtws4742011" class="citation web cs1">tws474 (18 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPgFGtNWdHQ">"迪克牛仔 – 02. 我可以抱你嗎"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/KPgFGtNWdHQ">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94+%E2%80%93+02.+%E6%88%91%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%8A%B1%E4%BD%A0%E5%97%8E&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft.au=tws474&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DKPgFGtNWdHQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v.yinyuetai.com/video/301511">"一言难尽现场版 – 迪克牛仔"</a>. <i>音悦Tai</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%9F%B3%E6%82%A6Tai&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%80%E8%A8%80%E9%9A%BE%E5%B0%BD+%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%BA%E7%89%88+%E2%80%93+%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fv.yinyuetai.com%2Fvideo%2F301511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtws4742011" class="citation web cs1">tws474 (18 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2KfQzA1kMk">"迪克牛仔 – 04. 愛如潮水"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/N2KfQzA1kMk">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94+%E2%80%93+04.+%E6%84%9B%E5%A6%82%E6%BD%AE%E6%B0%B4&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft.au=tws474&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DN2KfQzA1kMk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL_S_Gooi2016" class="citation web cs1">L S Gooi (12 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OFtIaQnty8">"忘记我还是忘记他--- 迪克牛仔"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/4OFtIaQnty8">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BF%98%E8%AE%B0%E6%88%91%E8%BF%98%E6%98%AF%E5%BF%98%E8%AE%B0%E4%BB%96---+%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94&rft.date=2016-03-12&rft.au=L+S+Gooi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4OFtIaQnty8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFyjeffchang2011" class="citation web cs1">yjeffchang (11 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvKxYYmbA1k">"張信哲-直覺"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/vvKxYYmbA1k">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BC%B5%E4%BF%A1%E5%93%B2-%E7%9B%B4%E8%A6%BA&rft.date=2011-01-11&rft.au=yjeffchang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DvvKxYYmbA1k&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsuhuanzhenck2008" class="citation web cs1">suhuanzhenck (31 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8ebVas4UB4">"相思无解"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/S8ebVas4UB4">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%9B%B8%E6%80%9D%E6%97%A0%E8%A7%A3&rft.date=2008-10-31&rft.au=suhuanzhenck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DS8ebVas4UB4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFyonzhen2009" class="citation web cs1">yonzhen (22 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4koTB314_sg">"熊天平一個人流浪"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/4koTB314_sg">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%86%8A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B3+%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B5%81%E6%B5%AA&rft.date=2009-09-22&rft.au=yonzhen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4koTB314_sg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF音樂無界2016" class="citation web cs1">音樂無界 (10 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106222428/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p90zmxR2lOk&gl=US&hl=en">"❤♫ 熊天平 – 愛情多惱河 (1997)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p90zmxR2lOk">the original</a> on 6 November 2019 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E2%9D%A4%E2%99%AB+%E7%86%8A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B3+%E2%80%93+%E6%84%9B%E6%83%85%E5%A4%9A%E6%83%B1%E6%B2%B3+%281997%29&rft.date=2016-09-10&rft.au=%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E7%84%A1%E7%95%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dp90zmxR2lOk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200422025505/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On-IA4q26z0&gl=US&hl=en">"YouTube"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On-IA4q26z0">the original</a> on 22 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOn-IA4q26z0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarlic_Bread2008" class="citation web cs1">Garlic Bread (8 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xrl3LkRUWD88">"熊天平 – 火柴天堂(高质量)"</a> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%86%8A%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B3+%E2%80%93+%E7%81%AB%E6%9F%B4%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%28%E9%AB%98%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%29&rft.date=2008-06-08&rft.au=Garlic+Bread&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXrl3LkRUWD88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF滾石唱片_ROCK_RECORDS2012" class="citation web cs1">滾石唱片 ROCK RECORDS (23 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qu4-wjV5dpQ">"徐懷鈺 Yuki【誰不乖 Who's bad】Official Music Video"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Qu4-wjV5dpQ">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BE%90%E6%87%B7%E9%88%BA+Yuki%E3%80%90%E8%AA%B0%E4%B8%8D%E4%B9%96+Who%27s+bad%E3%80%91Official+Music+Video&rft.date=2012-05-23&rft.au=%E6%BB%BE%E7%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87+ROCK+RECORDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQu4-wjV5dpQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJason_Smith2008" class="citation web cs1">Jason Smith (22 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llTYfQI5IAM">"Dr Bombay – Calcutta (Taxi, Taxi, Taxi) (HQ)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/llTYfQI5IAM">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr+Bombay+%E2%80%93+Calcutta+%28Taxi%2C+Taxi%2C+Taxi%29+%28HQ%29&rft.date=2008-07-22&rft.au=Jason+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DllTYfQI5IAM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoutasem_Hassan2007" class="citation web cs1">Moutasem Hassan (22 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=SG&hl=en-GB&v=rViQBR2iHqk">"kelly chen-Automatic"</a> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=kelly+chen-Automatic&rft.date=2007-03-22&rft.au=Moutasem+Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fgl%3DSG%26hl%3Den-GB%26v%3DrViQBR2iHqk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHikaruUtadaVEVO2015" class="citation web cs1">HikaruUtadaVEVO (4 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9DxpPiE458">"宇多田ヒカル – Automatic"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/-9DxpPiE458">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%87%E5%A4%9A%E7%94%B0%E3%83%92%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB+%E2%80%93+Automatic&rft.date=2015-02-04&rft.au=HikaruUtadaVEVO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-9DxpPiE458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF滾石唱片_ROCK_RECORDS2012" class="citation web cs1">滾石唱片 ROCK RECORDS (8 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0igPuDjYUE">"劉若英 René Liu【後來 Later】Official Music Video"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/t0igPuDjYUE">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8A%89%E8%8B%A5%E8%8B%B1+Ren%C3%A9+Liu%E3%80%90%E5%BE%8C%E4%BE%86+Later%E3%80%91Official+Music+Video&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft.au=%E6%BB%BE%E7%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87+ROCK+RECORDS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dt0igPuDjYUE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFgoytex2013" class="citation web cs1">goytex (15 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B961ypoo0I4">"Mirae kiroro"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/B961ypoo0I4">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mirae+kiroro&rft.date=2013-05-15&rft.au=goytex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DB961ypoo0I4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFkkl8242007" class="citation web cs1">kkl824 (23 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQlrSrcEiNA">"陳曉東- 心有獨鐘"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/SQlrSrcEiNA">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%99%B3%E6%9B%89%E6%9D%B1-+%E5%BF%83%E6%9C%89%E7%8D%A8%E9%90%98&rft.date=2007-12-23&rft.au=kkl824&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DSQlrSrcEiNA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiang_Hui2015" class="citation web cs1">Liang Hui (31 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79A7rqm5aUA">"陳曉東孤單的夜裡我不孤單"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/79A7rqm5aUA">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%99%B3%E6%9B%89%E6%9D%B1+%E5%AD%A4%E5%96%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9C%E8%A3%A1%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8D%E5%AD%A4%E5%96%AE&rft.date=2015-05-31&rft.au=Liang+Hui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D79A7rqm5aUA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFlo_dannie2017" class="citation web cs1">lo dannie (3 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pmr0QnwwytQ">"陳曉東 Daniel Chen 感覺貼心 09 當夢被看見"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Pmr0QnwwytQ">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%99%B3%E6%9B%89%E6%9D%B1+Daniel+Chen+%E6%84%9F%E8%A6%BA%E8%B2%BC%E5%BF%83+09+%E7%95%B6%E5%A4%A2%E8%A2%AB%E7%9C%8B%E8%A6%8B&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft.au=lo+dannie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DPmr0QnwwytQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFkkl8242012" class="citation web cs1">kkl824 (8 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ghd0Y53iLEU">"陳曉東--心傷心痛不痛"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Ghd0Y53iLEU">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%99%B3%E6%9B%89%E6%9D%B1--%E5%BF%83%E5%82%B7%E5%BF%83+%E7%97%9B%E4%B8%8D%E7%97%9B&rft.date=2012-12-08&rft.au=kkl824&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGhd0Y53iLEU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarc_W2006" class="citation web cs1">Marc W (7 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7H72PaM0ffg">"新鮮"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/7H72PaM0ffg">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E9%AE%AE&rft.date=2006-05-07&rft.au=Marc+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7H72PaM0ffg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsammaverick2007" class="citation web cs1">sammaverick (5 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOToXk_VtAA">"陳小春 – 沒那種命"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/cOToXk_VtAA">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%99%B3%E5%B0%8F%E6%98%A5+%E2%80%93+%E6%B2%92%E9%82%A3%E7%A8%AE%E5%91%BD&rft.date=2007-04-05&rft.au=sammaverick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DcOToXk_VtAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelphi_Chiang2009" class="citation web cs1">Delphi Chiang (12 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ju3YHeYeaoQ">"KTV蘇永康我為你傷心"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Ju3YHeYeaoQ">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KTV%E8%98%87%E6%B0%B8%E5%BA%B7+%E6%88%91%E7%82%BA%E4%BD%A0%E5%82%B7%E5%BF%83&rft.date=2009-09-12&rft.au=Delphi+Chiang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJu3YHeYeaoQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF音乐历史教科书2017" class="citation web cs1">音乐历史教科书 (23 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lN25_RWi49M">"张惠妹听你听我（给雨生的歌）"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/lN25_RWi49M">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BC%A0%E6%83%A0%E5%A6%B9+%E5%90%AC%E4%BD%A0%E5%90%AC%E6%88%91%EF%BC%88%E7%BB%99%E9%9B%A8%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%8C%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2017-06-23&rft.au=%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E4%B9%A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DlN25_RWi49M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9w0EAAAAMBAJ&q=billboard+decade+end&pg=RA1-PA2">"Hits of the World"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. 25 December 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Hits+of+the+World&rft.date=1999-12-25&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9w0EAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dbillboard%2Bdecade%2Bend%26pg%3DRA1-PA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-selena-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-selena_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayfield1999" class="citation magazine cs1">Mayfield, Geoff (25 December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9w0EAAAAMBAJ&q=selena&pg=PA66">"Totally '90s: Diary of a Decade"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. Vol. 111, no. 52. p. YE-16–18. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Totally+%2790s%3A+Diary+of+a+Decade&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=52&rft.pages=YE-16-18&rft.date=1999-12-25&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft.aulast=Mayfield&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9w0EAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dselena%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-billboardmag-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-billboardmag_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MAoEAAAAMBAJ&q=rudy+la+scala&pg=RA1-PA38">"Topping The Charts Year By Year"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. Vol. 110, no. 48. 28 November 1998. p. LMQ3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Topping+The+Charts+Year+By+Year&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=LMQ3&rft.date=1998-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMAoEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Drudy%2Bla%2Bscala%26pg%3DRA1-PA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristgau2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Christgau, Robert</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/bk-cg90/intro.php">"CG 90s: Introduction"</a>. <i>robertchristgau.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=robertchristgau.com&rft.atitle=CG+90s%3A+Introduction&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Christgau&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertchristgau.com%2Fxg%2Fbk-cg90%2Fintro.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themusicnetwork.com/kate-bush-stranger-things/">"What Kate Bush's Revival Tells Us About Listening Habits"</a>. 7 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Kate+Bush%27s+Revival+Tells+Us+About+Listening+Habits&rft.date=2022-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemusicnetwork.com%2Fkate-bush-stranger-things%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990s+in+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_music&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.90s411.com/90s-music.html">90s Music</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140626021133/http://www.90s411.com/90s-music.html">Archived</a> 26 June 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Grunge to Pop and Everything in Between</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918165554/http://90smusicvideos.com/">90s Music Videos</a> – Music Videos from the 1990s</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.90shits.com/">90s Music Hits</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.spotify.com/playlist/3wllgi7TNJH7pNSx2BJ2BJ?si=S6OIOynWTPuNS9gfJ_yQcA">90's HITS</a> - 90s HITS</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1990s" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1990s" title="Template:1990s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:1990s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:1990s (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1990s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1990s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_comics" title="1990s in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_fashion" title="1990s in fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_film" title="1990s in film">Film</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_animation#1990s" title="History of animation">animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_motorsport" title="1990s in motorsport">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_jazz" title="1990s in jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_Latin_music" title="1990s in Latin music">Latin music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_video_games" title="1990s in video games">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_science_and_technology" title="1990s in science and technology">Science and technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_anthropology" title="1990s in anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_sociology" title="1990s in sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_Angola" title="1990s in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_Morocco" title="1990s in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_Hong_Kong" title="1990s in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_India" title="1990s in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_Japan" title="1990s in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a 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