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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Petrolio" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Petrolio" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Petrolio" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Petrolio" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Petrolioaren_jatorria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petrolioaren_jatorria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Petrolioaren jatorria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petrolioaren_jatorria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petrolio-erreserbak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petrolio-erreserbak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Petrolio-erreserbak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petrolio-erreserbak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petrolioaren_Kimika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petrolioaren_Kimika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Petrolioaren Kimika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petrolioaren_Kimika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arazoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arazoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Arazoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arazoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ingurumenean_eta_gizartean_eragindako_kalteak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ingurumenean_eta_gizartean_eragindako_kalteak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ingurumenean eta gizartean eragindako kalteak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ingurumenean_eta_gizartean_eragindako_kalteak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petrolio-alternatibak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petrolio-alternatibak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Petrolio-alternatibak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petrolio-alternatibak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Petrolio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 151 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-151" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">151 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruolie" title="Ruolie – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ruolie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C3%B6l" title="Erdöl – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erdöl" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%94%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ፔትሮሊየም – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፔትሮሊየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Petrolio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7" title="نفط – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نفط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%A6%DC%9B%DC%90" title="ܢܦܛܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܦܛܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84" title="پيطرول – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پيطرول" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84" title="بترول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بترول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleu" title="Petroleu – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Petroleu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Нарт – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Нарт" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neft" title="Neft – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neft" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA" title="نفت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نفت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Нефть – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нефть" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napta" title="Napta – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Napta" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolyo" title="Petrolyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Petrolyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нафта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нафта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82" title="Нефт – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нефт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पेट्रोलियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पेट्रोलियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="খনিজ তেল – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খনিজ তেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoul-maen" title="Eoul-maen – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eoul-maen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Газарай тоһон – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Газарай тоһон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroli" title="Petroli – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Petroli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Petrolio" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolyo" title="Petrolyo – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Petrolyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%D8%AA" title="نەوت – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەوت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropa" title="Ropa – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ropa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%C4%83" title="Нехтă – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нехтă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroliwm" title="Petroliwm – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Petroliwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A5olie" title="Råolie – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Råolie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpam_(Petroleum)" title="Kpam (Petroleum) – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kpam (Petroleum)" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C3%B6l" title="Erdöl – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erdöl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Petrol" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πετρέλαιο – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πετρέλαιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B2li" title="Petròli – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Petròli" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafto" title="Nafto – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nafto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Petróleo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroliu" title="Petroliu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Petroliu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نفت خام – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نفت خام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa%C3%B6ljy" title="Maaöljy – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maaöljy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olja" title="Olja – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Olja" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9trole" title="Pétrole – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pétrole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerd%C3%B6%C3%B6le" title="Eerdööle – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eerdööle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroli" title="Petroli – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Petroli" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierdoalje" title="Ierdoalje – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ierdoalje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peitriliam" title="Peitriliam – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Peitriliam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="石油" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Petróleo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itakyra" title="Itakyra – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Itakyra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet%C3%BCroolia" title="Petüroolia – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Petüroolia" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danyen_mai" title="Danyen mai – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Danyen mai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%CC%8Dk-y%C3%B9" title="Sa̍k-yù – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sa̍k-yù" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%98" title="נפט – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נפט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="शिलारस – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिलारस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petw%C3%B2l" title="Petwòl – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Petwòl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%91olaj" title="Kőolaj – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kőolaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A9" title="Նավթ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նավթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A9" title="Նաֆթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նաֆթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleo" title="Petroleo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Petroleo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Minyak bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolo" title="Petrolo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Petrolo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hr%C3%A1ol%C3%ADa" title="Hráolía – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hráolía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Petrolio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="石油" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pichruoliom" title="Pichruoliom – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pichruoliom" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ctile" title="ctile – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ctile" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_patra" title="Lenga patra – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lenga patra" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნავთობი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნავთობი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neft" title="Neft – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Neft" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мұнай – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұнай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೆಟ್ರೋಲಿಯಮ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೆಟ್ರೋಲಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%9C%A0" title="석유 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neft" title="Neft – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Neft" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мунай – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мунай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84erdueleg" title="Äerdueleg – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Äerdueleg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerdaolje" title="Aerdaolje – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aerdaolje" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit%C9%94l%C9%94%CC%81" title="Pitɔlɔ́ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pitɔlɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitany" title="Solitany – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Solitany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Minyak bumi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нафта" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പെട്രോളിയം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെട്രോളിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Газрын тос – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Газрын тос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="खनिज तेल – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खनिज तेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3lio" title="Petrólio – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Petrólio" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%B6" title="ရေနံ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေနံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA" title="نفت – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نفت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapopohtli" title="Chapopohtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Chapopohtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerd%C3%B6%C3%A4ly" title="Aerdöäly – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Aerdöäly" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="खनिज तेल – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खनिज तेल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardolie" title="Aardolie – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aardolie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chid%C3%AD_bik%CA%BCah" title="Chidí bikʼah – navajoera" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chidí bikʼah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B2li" title="Petròli – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Petròli" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhuubbaa_zayitii" title="Dhuubbaa zayitii – oromoera" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhuubbaa zayitii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2" title="ਕੱਚਾ ਤੇਲ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੱਚਾ ਤੇਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C3%B6l" title="Erdöl – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Erdöl" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropa_naftowa" title="Ropa naftowa – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ropa naftowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="پٹرولیئم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پٹرولیئم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85/_%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%84" title="پټرولیم/ تېل – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پټرولیم/ تېل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Petróleo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allpa_wira" title="Allpa wira – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allpa wira" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Petrol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Нефть – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нефть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ропа – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ропа" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BF" title="Ниэп – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ниэп" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitr%C3%B2liu" title="Pitròliu – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pitròliu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="බොරතෙල් – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බොරතෙල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropa" title="Ropa – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ropa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shidaal" title="Shidaal – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shidaal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta_e_pap%C3%ABrpunuar" title="Nafta e papërpunuar – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nafta e papërpunuar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нафта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyili" title="Oyili – swatiera" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Oyili" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swatiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Minyak bumi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafuta_ya_petroli" title="Mafuta ya petroli – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mafuta ya petroli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="பாறை எண்ணெய் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாறை எண்ணெய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పెట్రోలియం – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పెట్రోలియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82" title="Нафт – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нафт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ปิโตรเลียม – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปิโตรเลียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Petrol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Нефть – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нефть" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%D9%81%D9%89%D8%AA" title="نېفىت – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نېفىت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нафта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پٹرولیم – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پٹرولیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neft" title="Neft – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Neft" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Petrolio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivivoi" title="Kivivoi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kivivoi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%A7u_m%E1%BB%8F" title="Dầu mỏ – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dầu mỏ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrole" title="Petrole – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Petrole" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolyo_(krudo)" title="Petrolyo (krudo) – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Petrolyo (krudo)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石油" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნაფთობი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნაფთობი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="נאפט – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石油" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="石油" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chio%CC%8Dh-i%C3%BB" title="Chio̍h-iû – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chio̍h-iû" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石油" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amafuthetshe" title="Amafuthetshe – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Amafuthetshe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22656#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Petrolio" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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alt="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Petrolioa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinetik</a> <i>Petroleum</i>, eta hori <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">grezieratik</a> πέτρα, "harri" + ἔλαιον, "olio") osaera ezberdineko <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo">hidrokarburoen</a> (batez ere <a href="/wiki/Alkano" title="Alkano">alkanoen</a>) nahasketa likidoa da. Hidrokarburoaren kate-luzera C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub> eta C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>38</sub> artekoa da. Materia naturala <a href="/wiki/Beltz" title="Beltz">beltza</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Arre_(kolorea)" title="Arre (kolorea)">marroi</a> iluna da, <a href="/wiki/Hori" title="Hori">horixka</a> edota <a href="/wiki/Berde" title="Berde">berdexka</a> ere izan badaiteke ere, baina osaeraren arabera, itxura desberdina hartzen du.Lurraren azpian dago eta makinak erabiltzen dira ateratzeko, gero erregaia sortzeko eta horrela makinak, autoak,trenak eta abar funtzionatzen dute. </p><p><br /> <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">Energia</a> emateko duen gaitasun handiarengatik, aise garraiatzeko erraztasunagatik eta haren ugaritasun erlatiboagatik, <a href="/wiki/1950eko_hamarkada" title="1950eko hamarkada">1950eko hamarkadatik</a> aurrera munduko energia-iturririk garrantzitsuena bilakatu da. Gainera, hainbat produktu kimikoren lehengaia da petrolioa, hala nola, zenbait disolbatzaile, ongarri plastiko eta pestizidarena. Energia ekoizteko kontsumitzen ez den % 16a material horietan erabiltzen da. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lurrazal" title="Lurrazal">Lurrazaleko</a> zenbait tokitako arroka porotsuetan biltegiratuta dago. Leku berberean egoten dira petrolioaren eta gas naturalaren hobiak, eta horrek ustiapena errazten du. Petrolio-hobietatik petrolio gordina ateratzen da. Petrolio gordinetik zenbait eratorri ateratzen dira, erregai deritzenak: gasa, butanoa, ibilgailuetarako erregaia, kerosenoa, diesela, olio industriala, lubrifikatzaileak eta asfaltoa, besteak beste. Petrolio gordina erabiltzen da argindarra sortzeko eta industria-lehengai gisa erabiltzeko. <a href="/wiki/Gas_naturala" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas naturala">Gas naturala</a> ekonomiaren sektore guztietan erabiltzen da, baita etxe eta kaleetan ere. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petrolioaren_jatorria">Petrolioaren jatorria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Petrolioaren jatorria»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Petrolioaren jatorria"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Petrolioa jatorri <a href="/wiki/Fosil" title="Fosil">fosil</a>eko <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo">hidrokarburo</a>etako bat da, <a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a>etik eta <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">alge</a>tatik eratorritako <a href="/wiki/Materia_organiko" title="Materia organiko">materia organiko</a>aren eraldaketaren ondorioz sortua. Bizidun horiek <a href="/wiki/Itsaso" title="Itsaso">itsas</a> hondo anoxikoetan edo iragan geologikoko aintzira-eremuetan kantitate handitan metatu ziren eta, ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Sedimentu" title="Sedimentu">sedimentu</a>-geruza astunen azpian lurperatu ziren. </p><p>Hidrokarburoak milioika urtez lurperatutako landareen eta mikroorganismoen hondarretatik abiatuta sortzen dira, zenbait prozesu fisiko eta kimikoren ondorioz. <a href="/wiki/Diagenesi" title="Diagenesi">Diagenesia</a>n sortutako beroak eta presioak eragindako eraldaketa kimikoak (krakeatze naturala) <a href="/wiki/Betun_(hidrokarburo)" title="Betun (hidrokarburo)">betuna</a> eta gero eta hidrokarburo arinagoak, bai likidoak bai gaseosoak, ekoizten ditu hainbat etapatan. </p><p>Produktu horiek, dentsitate txikiagoa dutenez, azalerantz igotzen dira, arroka sedimentarioen porositateari esker. Igoera hori eragozten duten egitura geologikoak, alegia, petrolio-tranpak, azaltzen badira, <a href="/wiki/Petrolio-hobi" title="Petrolio-hobi">petrolio-hobia</a>k sortzen dira. Hidrokarburoen igoera oztopatzen duten tranpak askotarikoak izan daitezke, besteak beste, arroka iragangaitzak, egitura <a href="/wiki/Antiklinal" title="Antiklinal">antiklinal</a>ak eta gatz-diapiroen ertzak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petrolio-erreserbak">Petrolio-erreserbak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Petrolio-erreserbak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Petrolio-erreserbak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> (%7), <a href="/wiki/Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (%7), <a href="/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexiko</a> (%12), <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> (%13), <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> (%14), <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> (%15) eta beste batzuk (%32) dira munduko petrolio-erreserbak. </p><p>Ezagutzen diren petrolio-erreserbek 1,2 trilioi <a href="/wiki/Kupel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kupel">kupel</a> dauzkate hainbat estimazioren arabera eta harea-petrolioa kontuan hartu gabe. Egungo kontsumoa 84 milioi kupel egunekoa izanda, erreserbak <a href="/wiki/2039" title="2039">2039an</a> dira amaitzekoak, aurkikuntza berriak, kontsumo-aldaketak, harea-petrolioaren erabilera eta beste faktore batzuk alde batera uzten badira behintzat. Petrolio-eskaria eta ustiapena hirukoiztu egin dira azken berrogeita hamar urteetan. Herrialde industrializatuak eta jendeztatuenak dira kontsumitzaile handienak: Estatu Batuak daude lehen postuan, eta, haien atzetik, <a href="/wiki/Txina" class="mw-redirect" title="Txina">Txina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a>. Gas naturalaren kontsumoak ere, gora egin du 1973ko petrolioaren krisiaz geroztik eta, gaur egun, munduko energia-kontsumoaren laurdenari dagokio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petrolioaren_Kimika">Petrolioaren Kimika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Petrolioaren Kimika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Petrolioaren Kimika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Octane_molecule_3D_model.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Octane_molecule_3D_model.png/220px-Octane_molecule_3D_model.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Octane_molecule_3D_model.png/330px-Octane_molecule_3D_model.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Octane_molecule_3D_model.png/440px-Octane_molecule_3D_model.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oktano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oktano (sortu gabe)">Oktanoa</a>, petrolioan aurki daitekeen <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo">hidrokarburoa</a>: marrak lotura bakoitiak, esfera beltzak <a href="/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono">karbono</a>-atomoak eta zuriak <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno-atomoak</a> dira.</figcaption></figure> <p>Petrolioa jatorri naturaleko likido oliotsu iluna da, hainbat substantzia organikoz osatua: <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo">hidrokarburo</a>en nahasketa da, baina <a href="/wiki/Sufre" title="Sufre">sufre</a>- eta <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigeno</a>-konposatu gutxi batzuk ere izan ohi ditu. Petrolio gordina edo  soilik gordina ere esaten zaio, eta kolore iluneko likido oliotsua bada ere, <a href="/wiki/Arroka_sedimentario" title="Arroka sedimentario">arroka sedimentario</a>tzat hartzen da. Konposizio aldakorreko nahasketa  oso konplexua da, <a href="/wiki/Irakite-puntu" title="Irakite-puntu">irakite-puntu</a> ezberdin askotako <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo">hidrokarburo</a> dituena. <a href="/wiki/Konposatu_organiko" title="Konposatu organiko">Konposatu organiko</a> horiek egoera solidoan, likidoan eta gaseosoan egon daitezke, eta elkarrekin disolbatzen dira likatasun aldakorreko soluzio bat eratzeko. </p><p>Petrolio naturalean, <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo">hidrokarburo</a>ez gain, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogeno</a>a, <a href="/wiki/Sufre" title="Sufre">sufre</a>a, <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigeno</a>a, kolesterina, <a href="/wiki/Klorofila" title="Klorofila">klorofila</a>tik eta heminetatik eratorriko produktuak daude, eta elementu gisa, trazak, <a href="/wiki/Banadio" title="Banadio">banadio</a>a, <a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a>a, <a href="/wiki/Kobalto" title="Kobalto">kobalto</a>a eta <a href="/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno">molibdeno</a>a. </p><p>Petrolioa luzera ezberdineko hainbat <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarburo" title="Hidrokarburo">hidrokarburo</a>-katez osatuta dago. Hidrokarburo desberdinak <a href="/wiki/Destilazio" title="Destilazio">destilazioz</a> banatzen dira petrolio-findegietan, <a href="/wiki/Gasolina" title="Gasolina">gasolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuel" class="mw-disambig" title="Fuel">fuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keroseno" title="Keroseno">kerosenoa</a> eta beste hidrokarburo batzuk ekoizteko, eta haien formula orokorra <i>C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub></i> da. </p><p>Adibidez, 2,2,4-Trimetilpentanoak, gasolina ekoizteko oso erabilia, <i>C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub></i> formula du, eta <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoarekin</a> erreakzionatzen du <a href="/wiki/Exotermiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Exotermiko">exotermikoki</a>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2C_{8}H_{18(l)}+25O_{2(g)}\longrightarrow 15CO_{2(g)}+18H_{2}O_{(g)}+beroa}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>18</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>25</mn> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mi>C</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>18</mn> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2C_{8}H_{18(l)}+25O_{2(g)}\longrightarrow 15CO_{2(g)}+18H_{2}O_{(g)}+beroa}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fb9555a86c76f16954210f9246a750041950f442" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:54.152ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2C_{8}H_{18(l)}+25O_{2(g)}\longrightarrow 15CO_{2(g)}+18H_{2}O_{(g)}+beroa}"></span> </p><p>Gasolinaren edo petrolioaren errekuntza osatugabeak <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> pozoitsuak sortzen ditu, hala nola, <a href="/wiki/Karbono_monoxido" title="Karbono monoxido">karbono monoxidoa</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Oxido_nitriko" title="Oxido nitriko">oxido nitrikoa</a>. Erreakzio honen bidez gertatzen da errekuntza: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{8}H_{18(l)}+12.5O_{2(g)}+N_{2(g)}\longrightarrow 6CO_{2(g)}+2CO_{(g))}+2NO_{(g)}+9H_{2}O_{(g)}+beroa}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>18</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>12.5</mn> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mi>C</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>C</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>9</mn> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{8}H_{18(l)}+12.5O_{2(g)}+N_{2(g)}\longrightarrow 6CO_{2(g)}+2CO_{(g))}+2NO_{(g)}+9H_{2}O_{(g)}+beroa}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf349180a080013ab71ae70dce843a5456171dc9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:80.927ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{8}H_{18(l)}+12.5O_{2(g)}+N_{2(g)}\longrightarrow 6CO_{2(g)}+2CO_{(g))}+2NO_{(g)}+9H_{2}O_{(g)}+beroa}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arazoak">Arazoak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arazoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Arazoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Petrolioak eta <a href="/wiki/Gas_natural" title="Gas natural">gas naturala</a>k bi arazo dakartzate. Alde batetik, ingurumen-aldaketak eragiten dituzte, batez ere, petrolioarekin lotutakoak: petrolioa erretzen denean, partikula kutsagarriak atmosferara isuri, eta itsas isuriak gertatzen dira. Horien ondorioz, <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">ekosistema</a>k eta <a href="/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera">biosfera</a> suntsitu egiten dira. Bestetik, herrialde industrializatuek energia-mendekotasuna dute herrialde ekoizleekiko. Herrialde industrializatuak egoera ahulean daude; izan ere, herrialde ekoizleek erabakitzen dutenaren menpe daude, esaterako, petrolio gordinaren prezioaren igoeraren menpe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ingurumenean_eta_gizartean_eragindako_kalteak">Ingurumenean eta gizartean eragindako kalteak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ingurumenean eta gizartean eragindako kalteak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ingurumenean eta gizartean eragindako kalteak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Petrolioa uretan disolbaezina da eta, beraz, garbitzeko zaila. Gainera, haren eratorrien errekuntzak hondakin-produktuak sortzen ditu, hala nola, partikulak, CO<sub>2</sub> -a, SO<sub>x</sub>-a (sufre oxidoak), NO<sub>x</sub>-a (oxido nitrosoak). Oro har, hidrokarburo-isuriek kalte handia egiten dute lekuko <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">ekosistema</a>n; hori dela eta, munduko petrolio-industriak arau eta prozedura zorrotzak bete behar ditu <a href="/wiki/Ingurumen" title="Ingurumen">ingurumen</a>a babesteko. </p><p>Itsasora isurtzen diren petrolioaren eta industria-eratorrien ia erdia kostako hiriek isurtzen dituzten hondakinak dira. Itsasoa substantzia kutsatzaileen biltegi irisgarri eta merke gisa erabiltzen da. Beste isuri batzuk petrolio-ontzi handiek izaten dituzten istripuen ondorio dira, erregaia baldintza desegokietan garraiatzen baitute. Nolanahi ere, petrolio-isuriak dira ozeano-kutsaduraren arrazoi nagusietako bat. Uretako hegaztien, arrainen eta ozeanoetako beste izaki bizidun batzuen heriotza ugari eragin, eta <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">ekosistema</a>ren oreka aldatzen dute. Ukitutako eremuetan, ezinezkoa izaten da arrantza, nabigazioa eta hondartza aisialdirako aprobetxatzea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petrolio-alternatibak">Petrolio-alternatibak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Petrolio-alternatibak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Petrolio-alternatibak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Petroliotik eratorritako <a href="/wiki/Erregai" title="Erregai">erregai</a>en ordezko substantzia nagusiak bi dira: <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodesel</a>a eta bioetanola. Biodiesela, landare ezberdinetako hazi oleaginosoetatik ateratzen den <a href="/wiki/Diesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel">diesel</a>aren antzeko ezaugarriak dituen olio erregaia da eta, bioetanola landare-hondarretatik datorren beste erregai batzuekin nahasteko edo erregai ekologikoagoak fabrikatzeko oinarri diren <a href="/wiki/Eterrak" title="Eterrak">eterra</a>k fabrikatzeko erabil daitekeen erregaia da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrolioaren_eratorri" title="Petrolioaren eratorri">Petrolioaren eratorria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrolio-ontzi" title="Petrolio-ontzi">Petrolio-ontziak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Petrolio-isuri" title="Petrolio-isuri">Marea beltza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upel_(unitatea)" title="Upel (unitatea)">Upel (unitatea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrolioaren_gailurra" title="Petrolioaren gailurra">Petrolioaren gailurra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrolio&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.argia.com/argia-astekaria/2153/urre-beltza/osoa">Argia astekarian petrolioaren prezioa zergatik igotzen den galdezka (2008-10-05)</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q22656">Q22656</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Petroleum">Petroleum</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q22656%22">Q22656</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX524464">XX524464</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11975899m">11975899m</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11975899m">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4015179-7">4015179-7</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85100361">sh85100361</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570596">00570596</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116059">ph116059</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300013001">300013001</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/014049">014049</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/petroleum">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D010578">D010578</a></span></li> <li><b>Kimikako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_erregistro_zenbakia" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS erregistro zenbakia">CAS erregistro zenbakia</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=8002-05-9">8002-05-9</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unique_Ingredient_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier (sortu gabe)">UNII</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/6ZAE7X688J">6ZAE7X688J</a></span></li> <li><b>Biologiako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouse_Genome_Informatics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouse Genome Informatics (sortu gabe)">MGI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=8002-05-9">8002-05-9</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q22656">Q22656</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Petroleum">Petroleum</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q22656%22">Q22656</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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