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Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. 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The liberal faction supports [[modern liberalism in the United States|modern liberalism]] that began with the [[New Deal]] in the 1930s and continued with both the [[New Frontier]] and [[Great Society]] in the 1960s. The moderate faction supports [[Third Way]] politics that includes center-left social policies and centrist fiscal policies. The progressive faction supports [[Progressivism in the United States|progressivism]]. == 21st century factions == === Liberals === {{main|Modern liberalism in the United States|Social liberalism}} {{See also|Centre-left politics|Center for American Progress}} {{multiple image | align = right | footer = The Kennedy family dynasty was extremely influential to the development and popularity of the [[modern liberalism in the United States|modern liberal movement in the US]] throughout the 1960s. | image1 = Robert-Ted-John-Kennedy.jpg | width1 = 250 | caption1 = The [[Kennedy brothers]], 35th U.S. President [[John F. Kennedy]] (right), [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[Robert F. Kennedy]] (left) and Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] (middle) in 1963 }} [[Modern liberalism in the United States]] began during the [[Progressive Era]] with President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (a Republican) and his [[Square Deal]] and [[New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)|New Nationalism]] policies, with center-left ideas increasingly leaning toward the political philosophy of [[social liberalism]], or better known in the United States as [[Modern liberalism in the United States|modern liberalism]]. Following [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s [[New Deal]], [[John F. Kennedy]]'s [[New Frontier]] and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]'s [[Great Society]] (the latter of which established [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Medicaid]]) further established the popularity of liberalism in the nation. Liberals include most of academia<ref name="Kurtz, H. (March 29, 2005). College Faculties A Most Liberal Lot, Study Finds. ''The Washington Post''.">{{cite news|title=College Faculties A Most Liberal Lot, Study Finds|last=Kurtz|first=Howard|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8427-2005Mar28.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|agency=Washingtonpost.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604090510/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8427-2005Mar28.html|archive-date=June 4, 2012|access-date=July 2, 2007|date=March 29, 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> and large portions of the [[Professional–managerial class|professional class]].<ref name="Levitz-2022">{{Cite web |last=Levitz |first=Eric |date=October 19, 2022 |title=How the Diploma Divide Is Remaking American Politics |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/10/education-polarization-diploma-divide-democratic-party-working-class.html |access-date=October 21, 2022 |website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |language=en-us |quote=Blue America is an increasingly wealthy and well-educated place. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Americans without college degrees were more likely than university graduates to vote Democratic. But that gap began narrowing in the late 1960s before finally flipping in 2004... A more educated Democratic coalition is, naturally, a more affluent one... In every presidential election from 1948 to 2012, white voters in the top 5 percent of America's income distribution were more Republican than those in the bottom 95 percent. Now, the opposite is true: Among America's white majority, the rich voted to the left of the middle class and the poor in 2016 and 2020, while the poor voted to the right of the middle class and the rich. |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020215535/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/10/education-polarization-diploma-divide-democratic-party-working-class.html |url-status=live }}</ref> While the resurgence of conservatism and the [[Third Way]] of [[Bill Clinton]]'s [[New Democrats (United States)|New Democrats]] briefly weakened the influence of social liberalism, [[Barack Obama]] acted as an ideological bridge. While characterizing himself as a New Democrat, Obama toed the ideological line between the Third Way and modern liberalism.<ref name="vox.com">{{cite web |last1=Yglesias |first1=Matthew |title=Bill Clinton is still a star, but today's Democrats are dramatically more liberal than his party|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/26/12280198/democrats-changed-since-1992 |website=Vox |date=July 26, 2016 |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Martin |last2=Lee |first1=Jonathan |first2 =Carole |title=Obama: 'I am a New Democrat'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/03/obama-i-am-a-new-democrat-019862 |website=Politico |date=March 10, 2009 |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> [[File:Self-identified liberals 2018 Gallup.svg|thumb|left|Percent of self-identified liberals by state in 2018, according to a [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] poll:<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Jeffrey M.|date=2019-02-22|title=Conservatives Greatly Outnumber Liberals in 19 U.S. States|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/247016/conservatives-greatly-outnumber-liberals-states.aspx|access-date=2021-12-27|website=Gallup|language=en}}</ref>{{legend|#0f0fd6;|32% and above}}{{legend|#3333ff;|28–31%}}{{legend|#7373ff;|24–27%}}{{legend|#9f9fff;|20–23%}}{{legend|#bbbbff;|16–19%}}{{legend|#dcdcff;|15% and under}}]] The key legislative achievement of the [[Obama administration]], the passage and enactment of the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (Obamacare), was generally supported among liberal Democrats.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Clement |first1=Scott |title=Moderate Democrats are quitting on Obamacare |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2013/07/23/moderate-democrats-are-quitting-on-obamacare/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref> Under Obama, Democrats achieved an expansion of LGBT rights, federal hate crime laws, rescinding the [[Mexico City Policy]], later reinstituted by President [[Donald Trump]], rescinding the ban on federal taxpayer dollars to fund research on [[embryonic stem cells]], [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]] and the [[Cuban thaw]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ingraham |first1=Christopher |title=Obama says marijuana should be treated like 'cigarettes or alcohol' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/30/obama-says-marijuana-should-be-treated-like-cigarettes-or-alcohol/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref> In 2011, the [[Democratic Leadership Council]], which supported centrist and Third Way positions, was dissolved. In 2016, Democratic presidential nominee [[Hillary Clinton]] eschewed her husband Bill Clinton's "New Covenant" centrism and pursued more liberal proposals, such as rolling back mandatory minimum sentencing laws, a debt-free college tuition plan for public university students, and a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/07/26/bill-clinton-democratic-convention/87542864/|title=Party of Clinton looks different than in 1992|first=Heidi|last=Przybyla|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/hillary-clinton-was-liberal-hillary-clinton-is-liberal/|title=Hillary Clinton Was Liberal. Hillary Clinton Is Liberal.|first=Harry|last=Enten|work=FiveThirtyEight}}</ref> [[Joe Biden]] has adopted [[Social liberalism|social liberal]] policies during [[Presidency of Joe Biden|his presidency]].<ref name="nbcnews.com">{{cite web |last1=Kapur |first1=Sahil |last2=Seitz-Wald |first2=Alex |title=Joe Biden is proving progressives wrong. And they're loving it. |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/joe-biden-proving-progressives-wrong-they-re-loving-it-n1265089 |website=NBC News |date=April 30, 2021 |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> This ideological group differs from the traditional organized labor base. According to political scientists Matt Grossmann and David A. Hopkins, the increase in [[educational attainment in the United States]] has led to the increase of liberalism in the Democratic Party.<ref name="Polarized by Degrees">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cambridge.org/us/universitypress/subjects/politics-international-relations/american-government-politics-and-policy/polarized-degrees-how-diploma-divide-and-culture-war-transformed-american-politics#contentsTabAnchor|title=Polarized by Degrees: How the Diploma Divide and the Culture War Transformed American Politics|first1=Matt|last1=Grossmann|first2=David A.|last2=Hopkins|website=Cambridge University Press|quote=Democrats have become the home of highly-educated citizens with progressive social views who prefer credentialed experts to make policy decisions, while Republicans have become the populist champions of white voters without college degrees who increasingly distrust teachers, scientists, journalists, universities, non-profit organizations, and even corporations.|access-date=May 23, 2024}}</ref> === Moderates === {{main|Third Way|New Democrats (United States)}} {{see also|Centrism in the United States|New Democrat Coalition|Blue Dog Coalition|Third Way (United States)|Problem Solvers Caucus}} {{multiple image | align = right | footer = The [[Clinton-Gore administration]] marked the height of the [[political moderate|politically moderate]] [[Third Way]] movement (also known as [[Clintonism]]) within the Democratic Party during the 1990s. | image1 = Bill Clinton mit Al Gore2.jpg | width1 = 250 | caption1 = 42nd U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] and Vice President [[Al Gore]] in 1993 }} Generally speaking, moderate Democrats are Democrats who are fiscally moderate-to-conservative and socially moderate-to-liberal.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/campaign-chronicles/on-the-campaign-trail-with-michael-bloomberg-money-talks|title=On the Campaign Trail with Michael Bloomberg, Money Talks|first=Eric|last=Lach|magazine=The New Yorker |date=March 2, 2020|via=www.newyorker.com}}</ref> They are more likely to be located in [[Swing state|swing states]] and [[Marginal seat|swing seats]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/first-person/2018/7/12/17562562/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-tammy-duckworth-centrist-democrats-midwest|title=Ocasio-Cortez shows the Democrats are moving left. But liberal centrists are still necessary.|first=Michael|last=Brenes|date=July 12, 2018|website=Vox}}</ref> The success of social liberalism was weakened with the presidency of [[Ronald Reagan]] and the ensuing tide of conservative popularity in response to a perception of liberal failure.<ref name="Krugman">Krugman, Paul (2007). ''[[The Conscience of a Liberal]]''. New York: [[W. W. Norton]].</ref> In reaction to angst following Reagan's landslide victory over left-leaning Democrat [[Walter Mondale]] in the [[1984 United States presidential election|1984 presidential election]], the Third Way movement was formed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=From |first1=Al |title=Recruiting Bill Clinton |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/12/recruiting-bill-clinton/281946/ |website=The Atlantic |date=December 3, 2013 |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref> It is associated with the [[presidency of Bill Clinton]] and the [[New Democrats (United States)|New Democrat]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hale |first=Jon F. |date=1995 |title=The Making of the New Democrats |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2152360 |journal=Political Science Quarterly |volume=110 |issue=2 |pages=207–232 |doi=10.2307/2152360|jstor=2152360 }}</ref> During the [[1992 United States presidential election]], Clinton and running mate [[Al Gore]] ran as New Democrats who were willing to synthesize [[Fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]] views with the more [[Cultural liberalism|culturally liberal]] position of the Democratic Party ethos, or to harmonize center-left and center-right politics. Clinton was both the first Democrat elected president since [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]] and the first re-elected to a second full term since [[1948 United States presidential election|1948]]. Most moderate Democrats in the House of Representatives are members of the [[New Democrat Coalition]], although there is considerable overlap in the membership of New Democrats and Blue Dogs, with most Blue Dogs also being New Democrats.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Skelley |first1=Geoffrey |title=The House Will Have Just As Many Moderate Democrats As Progressives Next Year |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-house-will-have-just-as-many-moderate-democrats-as-progressives-next-year/ |website=FiveThirtyEight |date=December 20, 2018 |access-date=17 May 2020}}</ref> The [[Blue Dog Coalition]], commonly known as the Blue Dogs or Blue Dog Democrats, is a [[Congressional caucus|caucus]] of [[Political moderate|moderate]] members from the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] in the [[United States House of Representatives]].<ref name="U.S. House has fewer moderate Democrats">{{cite web|last1=Davis|first1=Susan|title=U.S. House has fewer moderate Democrats|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2012-02-02/moderate-blue-dog-democrats-house/52992548/1 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204165608/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2012-02-02/moderate-blue-dog-democrats-house/52992548/1 |archive-date=December 4, 2014|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=July 23, 2014}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite book|editor=Ruth Bloch Rubin |title=Building the Bloc: Intraparty Organization in the US Congress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLYrDwAAQBAJ&q=centrist+Blue+Dog+Coalition&pg=PA188 |quote= In contrast to the halting mobilization of Insurgent Republicans and southern Democrats, the Blue Dogs' adoption of ... ideological bonafides, the Coalition worked to establish a Blue Dog brand and associate it with support for centrist policies. |date=2017 |page=188 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=9781316510421 }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/lobbyist-profiles/535835-lobbying-from-the-center |title=Lobbying from the center |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=26 January 2021}}</ref> The [[Blue Dog Coalition]] was originally founded in 1995 as a group of [[conservative Democrat]]s focused on fiscal responsibility. In the 2010s, the Blue Dogs became more demographically diverse and less conservative.<ref name="Mendoza">{{cite web |last1=Mendoza |first1=Jessica |title=Centrist Democrats are back. But these are not your father's Blue Dogs. |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2019/0604/Centrist-Democrats-are-back.-But-these-are-not-your-father-s-Blue-Dogs |website=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |date=June 4, 2019}}</ref> As of July 2023, 10 House members are part of the Blue Dog Coalition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue Dog PAC – bold leadership. commonsense solutions. |url=https://bluedogdems.com |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=bluedogdems.com}}</ref> Presidents [[Barack Obama]] and [[Joe Biden]] have largely tried to unify the wings of the Democratic Party while still addressing the goals of the liberal wing, and the Third Way is still a large coalition in the modern Democratic Party.<ref name="vox.com"/><ref name="nbcnews.com"/> === Progressives === {{main|Progressivism in the United States|Left-wing politics in the United States}} {{See also|Left-wing populism|Congressional Progressive Caucus|Justice Democrats|The Squad (United States Congress)|Democratic Socialists of America}} [[File:FDR 1944 Color Portrait.jpg|thumb|left|150px|32nd U.S. President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] advanced many progressive economic causes and is largely credited with inspiring modern progressivism in the U.S. with his [[New Deal]] policies.]] The [[Progressivism in the United States#In the 21st century|modern progressive movement in the U.S.]] draws deeply from the [[Left-wing populism|left-wing populist]] economic and political philosophies of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s [[New Deal]] and [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s [[The New Freedom|New Freedom]].<ref name="Wilentz">{{cite web|url=https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/48/fighting-words/ |title=Fighting Words: No, "liberal" and "progressive" aren't synonyms. They have completely different histories—and the differences matter. |last=Wilentz |first=Sean |website=Democracy Journal |date=2018 |access-date=June 10, 2022}}</ref> Modern progressives are [[Cultural liberalism|culturally liberal]] on [[social issue]]s like race and identity, where they draw inspiration from the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|Civil]] and [[Voting Rights Act of 1965|Voting]] Rights Acts proposed by President [[John F. Kennedy]], enacted by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] and advocated for by Dr. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]<ref name="Kevin Powell">{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/magazine/2020/05/14/stacey-abrams-political-power| first=Kevin| last=Powell| title=The Power of Stacey Abrams| newspaper=The Washington Post| date=May 14, 2020}}</ref> While it does not transcend the political philosophy of [[social liberalism]], the progressive wing has fused tenets of social liberalism with traditions of the [[Progressive Era]] as well as drawing more robustly from [[Keynesian economics]], [[Left-wing populism|social populism]], and [[social democracy]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vaughan |first1=Sophie |title=How Bernie Sanders is Reviving the Promise of FDR's Economic Bill of Rights |url=https://progressive.org/latest/sanders-reviving-fdr-economic-rights-vaughan-200225/ |website=Progressive.org |date=February 25, 2020 |access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref> [[File:Bernie Sanders.jpg|thumb|150px|Senator [[Bernie Sanders]], while an [[Independent politician|independent]], caucuses with the Democratic Party and is often considered an influential figure in the [[Progressivism in the United States#In the 21st century|modern progressive movement in the U.S.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gambino |first=Lauren |date=December 28, 2016 |title=Progressives see a leader in Bernie Sanders as they prepare to fight back |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/28/bernie-sanders-progressive-movement-2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref>]] President Lyndon Johnson and [[Civil rights movement|Civil Rights]] activists such as Dr. King were influential to progressives as well, not only for their positions on race and identity but on economics as well (Johnson for the [[Great Society]] and King for his support of social democracy).<ref>{{cite book |first=Martin Luther Jr. |last=King |editor-first=Cornel |editor-last=West |editor-link=Cornel West |title=The Radical King|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHAOBAAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=[[Beacon Press]]|isbn=978-0-8070-1282-6}}</ref> While there are differences between them, both [[Progressivism in the United States#Progressive Era|historical progressivism]] and the [[Progressivism in the United States#In the 21st century|modern movement]] share the belief that free markets lead to economic inequalities and, therefore, that the free market must be aggressively monitored and regulated with broad [[Economic, social and cultural rights|economic and social rights]] to protect the working class.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/06/01/progressives-history-227037/|title=Progressives Should Read Progressive History—So They Don't Blow It This Time|last=Zeitz|first=Joshua|date=1 June 2019|website=Politico|language=en-US|access-date=2022-06-02}}</ref> The [[Congressional Progressive Caucus]] (CPC) is a caucus of progressive House Democrats in the [[United States Congress|Congress]], along with one independent in the Senate.<ref name="cpc-grijalva.house.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://cpc-grijalva.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=71&sectiontree=2,71|title=Congressional Progressive Caucus : Caucus Members|website=cpc-grijalva.house.gov|access-date=May 18, 2020}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=February 2024}} In 2016, the [[Blue Collar Caucus]], a pro-labor, anti-outsourcing caucus, was formed.<ref name="thehill.com">{{Cite web |author=Reps. Marc Veasey (D-Texas) and Brendan Boyle (D-Pa. ) |date=2017-10-11 |title=It's time to rebuild the American Dream |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/economy-budget/354988-its-time-to-rebuild-the-american-dream/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="boyle.house.gov">{{Cite web |date=2016-12-01 |title=Boyle and Veasey form "Blue Collar Caucus" in Congress |url=https://boyle.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/boyle-and-veasey-form-blue-collar-caucus-congress |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Congressman Brendan Boyle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Democrats start a new caucus to reach Trump voters |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/off-message-democrats-start-a-new-caucus-to-reach-trump-voters-234694 |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=POLITICO |date=February 6, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Daugherty |first=Alex |date=2017-02-17 |title=Can Democrats win back the blue-collar voters that flipped to Trump? |url=http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article133401934.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418032440/http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article133401934.html |archive-date=2018-04-18 |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Charlotte Observer}}</ref> {{As of|2023|August}}, there are nine [[democratic socialists]] in the [[United States Congress]], with seven being at some point affiliated with the [[Democratic Socialists of America]].<ref name="NPRSanders">{{cite web |last1=Inskeep |first1=Steve |date=November 6, 2015 |title=Bernie Sanders On Being Jewish And A Democratic Socialist |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/11/06/454970584/bernie-sanders-on-being-jewish-and-a-democratic-socialist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230223103602/https://www.npr.org/2015/11/06/454970584/bernie-sanders-on-being-jewish-and-a-democratic-socialist |archive-date=February 23, 2023 |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] |authorlink1=Steve Inskeep}}</ref><ref name="Isserman2018">{{cite web |last1=Isserman |first1=Maurice |date=November 8, 2018 |title=Socialists in the House: A 100-Year History from Victor Berger to Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez |url=https://inthesetimes.com/article/socialists-house-midterms-victor-berger-ocasio-cortez-tlaib |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907133801/https://inthesetimes.com/article/socialists-house-midterms-victor-berger-ocasio-cortez-tlaib |archive-date=September 7, 2020 |authorlink1=Maurice Isserman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Taylor |first1=Astra |date=June 17, 2020 |title=A New Group of Leftist Primary Challengers Campaign Through Protests and the Coronavirus |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/a-new-group-of-leftist-primary-challengers-campaign-through-protests-and-the-coronavirus |url-status=live |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114164145/https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/a-new-group-of-leftist-primary-challengers-campaign-through-protests-and-the-coronavirus |archive-date=November 14, 2020 |authorlink1=Astra Taylor}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=October 24, 2019 |title=If You Want to Call Me a Socialist Then Call Me a Socialist |url=https://jacobinmag.com/2019/10/jamaal-bowman-eliot-engel-democratic-party |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615071950/https://jacobinmag.com/2019/10/jamaal-bowman-eliot-engel-democratic-party |archive-date=June 15, 2020 |publisher=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Democratic Socialist Summer Lee's Victory in Penn. Gives Progressives a Boost in House |publisher=[[Democracy Now!]] |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2022/11/9/summer_lee_women_of_color_pennsylvania |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109160934/https://www.democracynow.org/2022/11/9/summer_lee_women_of_color_pennsylvania |archive-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref> (See [[List of socialist members of the United States Congress]] for list.) == Congressional caucuses == {{Main|Congressional caucus}} The following table lists coalitions' electoral results for the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]: {| class="wikitable" style="width:75%" ; |- ! width="8%" |Election year ! width="10%" |[[Blue Dog Coalition]] ! width="10%" |[[New Democrat Coalition]] ! width="10%" |[[Congressional Progressive Caucus]] |- ! width=8%|[[Political spectrum|Political position]] ! width=10%|[[Centrism|Center]]<ref name="auto">{{cite book|editor=Ruth Bloch Rubin |title=Building the Bloc: Intraparty Organization in the US Congress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLYrDwAAQBAJ&q=centrist+Blue+Dog+Coalition&pg=PA188 |quote= In contrast to the halting mobilization of Insurgent Republicans and southern Democrats, the Blue Dogs' adoption of ... ideological bonafides, the Coalition worked to establish a Blue Dog brand and associate it with support for centrist policies. |date=2017 |page=188 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=9781316510421 }}</ref> to [[Centre-left politics|center-left]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caygle |first1=Heather |title=Centrist Democrats try new approach to Russia messaging |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/02/14/russia-messaging-democrats-409117 |website=[[POLITICO]] |access-date=July 19, 2022 |language=en |date=February 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Murad |first1=Yours |title=After a Year of Heated Debate, 'Medicare for All' Holds On to Voters' Majority Support |url=https://morningconsult.com/2020/01/31/after-year-heated-debate-medicare-for-all-holds-on-voters-majority-support/ |website=[[Morning Consult]] |access-date=July 19, 2022 |date=January 31, 2020}}</ref> ! width="10%"|[[Centrism|Center]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-house-will-have-just-as-many-moderate-democrats-as-progressives-next-year/|title=The House Will Have Just As Many Moderate Democrats As Progressives Next Year|first=Geoffrey|last=Skelley|date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> to [[Center-left politics|Center-left]]<ref name="Is the US now a four-party system? Progressives split Democrats, and far-right divides Republicans">{{cite web |last1=Stening |first1=Tanner |title=Is the US now a four-party system? Progressives split Democrats, and far-right divides Republicans |url=https://news.northeastern.edu/2023/06/05/four-party-system-us-politics-progressives-far-right/ |website=Northeastern Global News |access-date=May 29, 2024 |date=June 5, 2023}}</ref> ! width="10%"|[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref name="Two congressmen endorse Carl Sciortino in race to replace Markey in Congress">{{cite web|title=Two congressmen endorse Carl Sciortino in race to replace Markey in Congress|url=http://www.boston.com/yourtown/news/medford/2013/09/two_congressmen_endorse_carl_sciortino_in_race_to_replace_ma.html|publisher=[[Boston.com]]|access-date=July 23, 2014|date=September 13, 2013}} "[T]he Congressional Progressive Caucus, the umbrella group for left-leaning Democratic members of Congress".</ref> |- ![[2006 United States House of Representatives elections|2006]] |{{composition bar|50|233|hex=#0054A5}} |{{composition bar|63|233|hex=#315789}} | |- ![[2008 United States House of Representatives elections|2008]] |{{composition bar|56|257|hex=#0054A5}} |{{composition bar|59|257|hex=#315789}} |{{composition bar|71|257|hex=#003366}} |- ! [[2010 United States House of Representatives elections|2010]] | {{composition bar|26|193|hex=#0054A5}} | {{composition bar|42|193|hex=#315789}} | {{composition bar|77|193|hex=#003366}} |- ! [[2012 United States House of Representatives elections|2012]] | {{composition bar|14|201|hex=#0054A5}} | {{composition bar|53|201|hex=#315789}} | {{composition bar|68|201|hex=#003366}} |- ! [[2014 United States House of Representatives elections|2014]] | {{composition bar|14|188|hex=#0054A5}} | {{composition bar|46|188|hex=#315789}} | {{composition bar|68|188|hex=#003366}} |- ! [[2016 United States House of Representatives elections|2016]] | {{composition bar|18|194|hex=#0054A5}} | {{composition bar|61|194|hex=#315789}} | {{composition bar|78|194|hex=#003366}} |- ! [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections|2018]] | {{composition bar|26|235|hex=#0054A5}} | {{composition bar|103|235|hex=#315789}} | {{composition bar|96|235|hex=#003366}} |- ! [[2020 United States House of Representatives elections|2020]] | {{composition bar|19|222|hex=#0054A5}} | {{composition bar|94|222|hex=#315789}} | {{composition bar|95|222|hex=#003366}} |- ![[2022 United States House of Representatives elections|2022]] | {{composition bar|8|213|hex=#0054A5}} | {{composition bar|94|213|hex=#315789}} | {{composition bar|101|213|hex=#003366}} |} == Historical factions == Historical factions of the Democratic Party include the founding [[Jacksonian democracy|Jacksonians]]; the [[Copperhead (politics)|Copperheads]] and [[War Democrat]]s during the [[American Civil War]]; the [[Redeemers]], [[Bourbon Democrat]]s, and [[Silverite]]s in the late-19th century; and the [[Southern Democrats]] and [[New Deal coalition|New Deal Democrats]] in the 20th century. === Early Democratic Party === [[Jeffersonian democracy|Jeffersonians]], named after [[Founding Fathers of the United States|founding father]] [[Thomas Jefferson]], was a political movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. While it dominated the [[First Party System]] which predates the Democratic Party, many of its beliefs influenced the party throughout the 19th century. These beliefs were concentrated around the beliefs of [[Republicanism in the United States|republicanism]] and [[agrarianism]]. Other than Jefferson, early notable Jeffersonians included presidents [[James Madison]] and [[James Monroe]] of the [[Virginia dynasty]]. [[File:Andrew jackson head.jpg|thumb|150px|7th U.S. President [[Andrew Jackson]], namesake of the [[Jacksonian Democrats]]]] [[Jacksonian democracy|Jacksonianism]] was the foundational ideology of the Democratic Party with the election of [[Andrew Jackson]] as president in 1828, and it was the predominant faction of the party until the 1840s. It represented the politics of Jackson, which were a modified form of Jeffersonianism. Jacksonians supported a small federal government and stronger state governments. They were also opponents of central banking, which represented an early factional division in the Democratic Party when Jacksonians competed against pro-bank Democrats.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Eyal |first=Yonatan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMC5QzUnX98C |title=The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 1828–1861 |date=2007-08-20 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-46669-1 |pages= |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=|pages=19–20}} Jacksonians supported the Southern United States on several issues, including [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]], arguing that it was permissible on the grounds of [[states' rights]], and [[protective tariff]]s, opposing them on the grounds that they disproportionately benefited the North.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=|pages=23–25}} Other than Jackson, notable Jacksonian Democrats include presidents [[Martin Van Buren]] and [[James K. Polk]]. The [[Young America movement]] was a political as well as a societal movement in the 1830s throughout the 1850s. While not an explicit political faction, it did impact many Democratic party ideals though its promotion of [[capitalism]] and manifest destiny and broke with the agrarian and strict constructionist orthodoxies of the past; it embraced commerce, technology, regulation, reform, and internationalism. Notable promoters included President [[Franklin Pierce]] and 1860 presidential nominee [[Stephen A. Douglas|Stephen Douglas]]. ===The Civil War and Reconstruction=== [[File:Martin Van Buren.jpg|thumb|left|150px|8th U.S. President and Vice President [[Martin Van Buren]], an early Democrat who became presidential nominee of the short-lived [[Free Soil Party]].]] The [[Free Soil Party]] had many former members of the Democratic Party, most notably their [[1848 United States presidential election|1848 presidential]] candidate former Democratic president Martin Van Buren. The party's main platform was opposition to the expansion of [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]] into new territories acquired from the [[Mexican–American War]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Colin|last=Woodward|title=American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America|url=https://www.amazon.com/American-Nations-History-Regional-Cultures-ebook/dp/B0052RDIZA/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=american+nations+by+colin+woodward&qid=1690421692&sprefix=american+nations%2Caps%2C117&sr=8-1|date=September 29, 2011|publisher=Penguin Books}}</ref> During the [[American Civil War]], the Democratic Party split into several factions:<ref>{{cite book|first=Heather Cox|last=Richardson|title=How the South Won the Civil War: Oligarchy, Democracy, and the Continuing Fight for the Soul of America|url=https://www.amazon.com/How-South-Won-Civil-War-ebook/dp/B084T78RLD/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=how+the+south+won+the+civil+war+richardson&qid=1690421820&sprefix=how+the+south+won%2Caps%2C116&sr=8-1|date=March 12, 2020|publisher=New York: Oxford University Press}}</ref> * The [[Fire-Eaters]] were Southern Democrats who promoted the idea of [[Secession in the United States|Southern secession]] prior to the [[American Civil War]]. They sought to preserve slavery throughout the United States. * [[Copperhead (politics)|Copperheads]] (or Peace Democrats) were a faction of Northern Democrats during the American Civil War which sought an immediate end to the war. Many copperheads sympathized with the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]], with members accused by Republicans as treasonous. They promoted the ideas of agrarianism inspired from Jacksonian thought which appealed to many poor farmers in border states. * The [[War Democrat]]s were a group of Democrats that opposed the Copperheads and supported President Abraham Lincoln's stance towards the South. The War Democrats allied with Republicans under the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] ticket to compete in the [[1864 United States elections|1864 elections]]. [[Redeemers]] were Southern Democrats that, after the end of the Civil War, sought to return [[White supremacy|white supremacists]] to power in the South. They were opposed to the expansion of rights given to Black Americans and were associated with groups such as the [[White League]], [[Red Shirts (United States)|Red Shirts]], and the [[Ku Klux Klan]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Nicholas|last= Lemann|title=Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War|url=https://books.apple.com/us/book/redemption/id434811915| date=2007|publisher=New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux}}</ref> === Gilded, Progressive, and New Deal eras === [[File:TRUMAN 58-766-06 (cropped).jpg|thumb|150px|33rd U.S. President [[Harry S. Truman]] continued the New Deal era with his [[Fair Deal]], and propelled civil rights issues in the Democratic Party with [[Executive Order 9981]] in 1948.]] Following the end of the Civil War, several factions emerged in the Democratic Party during the [[Third Party System]], such as the [[Bourbon Democrat]]s (1872–1912) and [[Silverite]]s (1870s–1890s). During the [[Gilded Age]], or from around 1877 to 1896, the only Democratic president to win both the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] and [[List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|popular vote]] was the Bourbon Democrat [[Grover Cleveland]] (1885–1889 and 1893–1897). During the [[Fourth Party System|Fourth]] and [[Fifth Party System]]s in the 20th century, new factions such as the [[Progressive Era|Progressives]] (1890s–1910s) and the [[New Deal coalition]] (1930s–1970s) arose. From 1897 to 1932, the only Democratic president was [[Woodrow Wilson]] (1913–1921). Wilson imposed [[Woodrow Wilson and race|racial segregation]] in the federal government.<ref>{{cite web |last=Little |first=Becky |title=How Woodrow Wilson Tried to Reverse Black American Progress |website=History |date=July 14, 2020 |url=https://www.history.com/news/woodrow-wilson-racial-segregation-jim-crow-ku-klux-klan |access-date=March 17, 2021}}</ref> The [[New Deal coalition]] began after election of [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in [[1932 United States presidential election|1932]] during the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]]. The [[conservative coalition]] was an unofficial coalition in the [[United States Congress]] bringing together a conservative majority of the Republican Party and the conservative, mostly [[Southern Democrats|Southern]] wing of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. It was dominant in Congress from 1937 to 1963, until Democratic president [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] signed the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] into law.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Robert |last1=Dallek |author-link=Robert Dallek |year=2004 |title=Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President |page=169}}</ref> It was only until after [[United States home front during World War II|World War II]] that the Democratic Party began to support [[civil rights in the United States|civil rights]], starting with President [[Harry S. Truman|Harry Truman]] [[Executive Order 9981|desegregating]] the United States Armed Forces in 1948.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Paths Out of Dixie: The Democratization of Authoritarian Enclaves in America's Deep South, 1944–1972|url=https://www.amazon.com/Paths-Out-Dixie-Democratization-Authoritarian-ebook/dp/B007BOK3A0/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=|first1=Robert|last1=Mickey|date=February 19, 2015}}</ref> Harold D, Woodman summarizes the explanation that external forces caused the disintegration of the Jim Crow South from the 1920s to the 1970s: :When a significant change finally occurred, its impetus came from outside the South. Depression-bred New Deal reforms, war-induced demand for labor in the North, perfection of cotton-picking machinery, and civil rights legislation and court decisions finally... destroyed the plantation system, undermined landlord or merchant hegemony, diversified agriculture and transformed it from a labor- to a capital-intensive industry, and ended the legal and extra-legal support for racism. The discontinuity that war, invasion, military occupation, the confiscation of slave property, and state and national legislation failed to bring in the mid-19th century, finally arrived in the second third of the 20th century. A "second reconstruction" created a real New South.<ref>Harold D, Woodman, "Economic Reconstruction and the Rise of the New South, 1865–1900" in John B. Boles, and Evelyn Thomas Nolen, eds., ''Interpreting Southern history: Historiographical essays in honor of Sanford W. Higginbotham'' (LSU Press, 1987) pp. 254–307, quoting pp 273–274.</ref> ===Late 20th century and early 21st century=== [[File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg|thumb|150px|39th U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]], a [[Southern Democrat]] from the state of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and the longest-lived president in U.S. history at age 100.]] Throughout the 20th century, [[Southern Democrats|Southern factions within the Democratic Party]] emerged and held significant power around the issue of civil rights, segregation, and other issues. These included the [[conservative coalition]] (1930s–1960s), the [[Solid South]] (1870s–1960s), [[Dixiecrat]]s (1940s), and the [[Boll weevil (politics)|boll weevils]] (1980s). Until the 1994 "[[Republican Revolution]]", most Southern members of the House of Representatives were Democrats.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Angie|last1= Maxwell|first2=Todd|last2=Shields|title=The Long Southern Strategy: How Chasing White Voters in the South Changed American Politics|url=https://www.amazon.com/Long-Southern-Strategy-American-Politics-ebook/dp/B07RWP3D3V/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=the+long+southern+strategy&qid=1690421291&sprefix=the+long+sotuhern+%2Caps%2C107&sr=8-1|date=June 24, 2019|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> The [[conservative coalition]] remained a political force until the mid-1980s, eventually dying out in the 1990s. In terms of congressional roll call votes, it primarily appeared on votes affecting labor unions. The conservative coalition did not operate on civil rights bills, for the two wings had opposing viewpoints.<ref name="CQ 1969"> {{cite book|chapter-url=https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/file.php?path=Conservative%20Coalition%20Tables%2Fcqal69_1969_Conservative_Coalition.pdf|chapter=Conservative coalition remains potent in Congress|title=1969 CQ Almanac|pages=1052–1059|place=Washington|publisher=CQ Press|year=1969|accessdate=January 29, 2022|archive-date=January 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129191205/https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/file.php?path=Conservative%20Coalition%20Tables%2Fcqal69_1969_Conservative_Coalition.pdf|url-status=live}} </ref> However, the conservative coalition did have the power to prevent unwanted bills from even coming to a vote. The coalition included many committee chairmen from the South who blocked bills by not reporting them from their committees. Furthermore, [[Howard W. Smith]], Chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Rules|House Rules Committee]], often could kill a bill simply by not reporting it out with a favorable rule (he lost some of that power in 1961).<ref>Bruce J. Dierenfield, ''Keeper of the Rules: Congressman Howard W. Smith of Virginia'' (1987)</ref> The traditional [[conservative Democrat]]ic faction lost much of its influence in the 21st century as the [[Southern United States|South]] [[political realignment|realigned]] towards the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2010/11/11/the-long-goodbye|title=The long goodbye|newspaper=The Economist|date=November 11, 2010|access-date=April 29, 2019}}</ref> Starting in the 2010s, however, a new set of moderate to conservative college-educated voters disillusioned with [[Trumpism]] began voting for Democrats.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Manchester |first1=Julia |title=GOP watches as Trump's problems with suburban women go on display |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/4002482-gop-fears-trumps-problems-with-suburban-women-will-only-get-worse/ |access-date=13 June 2023 |work=The Hill |date=15 May 2023 |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arnsdorf |first1=Isaac |title=How the 'Never Trump' movement became 'Never Trumpism' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/10/17/never-trump-midterms/ |access-date=13 June 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=18 October 2022}}</ref> ==See also== * [[Political positions of the Democratic Party]] * [[Demographics of the Democratic Party (United States)]] * [[Democratic Party (United States) organizations]] * [[Unofficial organizations for Democrats]] * [[Libertarian Democrat]] ; Republican Party: * [[Factions in the Republican Party (United States)|Factions in the Republican Party]] ; Libertarian Party: * [[Factions in the Libertarian Party (United States)|Factions in the Libertarian Party]] ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==External links== * [http://www.21stcenturydems.org/ 21st Century Democrats] * [http://www.aflcio.org/ AFL-CIO] * [http://www.bluedogdems.com/ Blue Dog Coalition] * [http://www.changetowin.org Change to Win Federation] * [http://www.democracyforamerica.com/ Democracy For America] * [http://www.democratsforlife.org/ Democrats For Life of America] * [http://www.pdamerica.org/ Progressive Democrats of America] * [http://www.nea.org National Education Association] {{Ideological caucuses in the U.S. Congress}} {{Democratic Party (United States)}} [[Category:Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)| ]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States)]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ambox" title="Template:Ambox">Template:Ambox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ambox&action=edit" title="Template:Ambox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:As_of" title="Template:As of">Template:As of</a> (<a 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