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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Different_types_of_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Different_types_of_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Different types of flags</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Different_types_of_flags-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Different types of flags subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Different_types_of_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Specific_flags_used" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_flags_used"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Specific flags used</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_flags_used-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antwerp_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antwerp_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Antwerp flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antwerp_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oslo_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oslo_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Oslo flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oslo_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seoul_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seoul_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Seoul flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seoul_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rio_de_Janeiro_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rio_de_Janeiro_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Rio de Janeiro flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rio_de_Janeiro_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pyeongchang_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pyeongchang_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Pyeongchang flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pyeongchang_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Singapore flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Innsbruck_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Innsbruck_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.7</span> <span>Innsbruck flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Innsbruck_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flame_and_torch_relay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flame_and_torch_relay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flame and torch relay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flame_and_torch_relay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medals_and_diplomas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medals_and_diplomas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Medals and diplomas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medals_and_diplomas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Anthems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kotinos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kotinos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kotinos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kotinos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olympic_salute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olympic_salute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Olympic salute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olympic_salute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mascots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mascots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Mascots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mascots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intellectual_property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intellectual_property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Intellectual property</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intellectual_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Olympic symbols</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رموز أولمبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رموز أولمبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiya_simvollar%C4%B1" title="Olimpiya simvolları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Olimpiya simvolları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="অলিম্পিক চিহ্ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অলিম্পিক চিহ্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Олимпия символдары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Олимпия символдары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbols_ol%C3%ADmpics" title="Símbols olímpics – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Símbols olímpics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Олимп паллисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Олимп паллисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolau_Olympaidd" title="Symbolau Olympaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Symbolau Olympaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Symbole" title="Olympische Symbole – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Olympische Symbole" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="ओलम्पिक झण्डा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="ओलम्पिक झण्डा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%BCmpias%C3%BCmbol" title="Olümpiasümbol – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Olümpiasümbol" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Ολυμπιακά σύμβολα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ολυμπιακά σύμβολα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolos_ol%C3%ADmpicos" title="Símbolos olímpicos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Símbolos olímpicos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="نمادهای المپیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نمادهای المپیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symboles_olympiques" title="Symboles olympiques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Symboles olympiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolos_ol%C3%ADmpicos" title="Símbolos olímpicos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Símbolos olímpicos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BD_%EC%83%81%EC%A7%95" title="올림픽 상징 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="올림픽 상징" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Օլիմպիական խորհրդանիշներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օլիմպիական խորհրդանիշներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="ओलंपिक प्रतीक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओलंपिक प्रतीक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbol_Olimpiade" title="Simbol Olimpiade – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Simbol Olimpiade" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simboli_olimpici" title="Simboli olimpici – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Simboli olimpici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Олимпиада рәміздері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Олимпиада рәміздері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiskie_simboli" title="Olimpiskie simboli – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Olimpiskie simboli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympesch_Symboler" title="Olympesch Symboler – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Olympesch Symboler" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiniai_simboliai" title="Olimpiniai simboliai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Olimpiniai simboliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiai_jelk%C3%A9p" title="Olimpiai jelkép – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olimpiai jelkép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="ओलम्पिक झण्डा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ओलम्पिक झण्डा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Олимписки симболи – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Олимписки симболи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="المپیک نمادون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="المپیک نمادون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Олимпын далбаа – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Олимпын далбаа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="ओलम्पिक झण्डा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" 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href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A9is_ol%C3%ADmpicos" title="Anéis olímpicos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anéis olímpicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Олимпийская символика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Олимпийская символика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Олимпијски симболи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Олимпијски симболи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_sagisag_ng_Olimpiko" title="Mga sagisag ng Olimpiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga sagisag ng Olimpiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒலிம்பிக் சின்னங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒலிம்பிக் சின்னங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="ఒలింపిక్ చిహ్నం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఒలింపిక్ చిహ్నం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="สัญลักษณ์โอลิมปิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัญลักษณ์โอลิมปิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympic Rings"><img alt="Olympic Rings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/200px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/300px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/400px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Main topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_Olympic_Games" title="Bids for the Olympic Games">Bids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_boycotts" title="List of Olympic Games boycotts">Boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony" title="Olympic Games ceremony">Ceremonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Charter" title="Olympic Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Doping at the Olympic Games">Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">Host cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations" title="List of international sports federations">IFs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal" title="Olympic medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table" title="All-time Olympic Games medal table">Medal tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Olympic_medalists" title="Lists of Olympic medalists">Medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">NOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympism" title="Olympism">Olympism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_Medal" title="Pierre de Coubertin Medal">Pierre de Coubertin Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_scandals,_controversies_and_incidents" title="List of Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents">Scandals and controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympics_on_television" title="Olympics on television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_torch_relays" title="List of Olympic torch relays">Torch relays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues" title="List of Olympic venues">Venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_of_women_in_the_Olympics" title="Participation of women in the Olympics">Women participation</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Games</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Series" title="Olympic Esports Series">Esports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Regional games</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Games" title="European Games">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Games" title="Mediterranean Games">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Games" title="Pacific Games">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan-American</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Defunct games</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercalated_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercalated Games">Intercalated</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_Games_sidebar" title="Template:Olympic Games sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_Games_sidebar" title="Template talk:Olympic Games sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_Games_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic Games sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC) uses icons, flags, and symbols to represent and enhance the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>. These symbols include those commonly used during Olympic competitions such as the flame, fanfare, and theme and those used both during and outside competition, such as the <b>Olympic flag</b>. </p><p>The Olympic flag was created in 1913 under the guidance of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Baron de Coubertin</a> of France. It was first hoisted in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, at the 1914 Pan-Egyptian Games.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five rings on the flag represent the inhabited continents of the world (the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> were considered as one continent and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> was treated as distinct from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>). It was made to contain the colours (blue, black, red, yellow, and green) which are common to almost all flags around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motto_and_creed">Motto and creed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Motto and creed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Citius_altius_fortius.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Citius_altius_fortius.png/220px-Citius_altius_fortius.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Citius_altius_fortius.png 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="239" /></a><figcaption>The motto on a <a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 Summer Olympics</a> medal</figcaption></figure> <p>The original Olympic motto is the <a href="/wiki/Hendiatris" title="Hendiatris">hendiatris</a> <i>Citius, Altius, Fortius</i> which is <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "Faster, Higher, Stronger".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motto was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a> upon the creation of the International Olympic Committee. Coubertin borrowed it from his friend <a href="/wiki/Henri_Didon" title="Henri Didon">Henri Didon</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> priest who was an athletics enthusiast.<sup id="cite_ref-motto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coubertin said that "these three words represent a programme of moral beauty. The aesthetics of sport are intangible".<sup id="cite_ref-motto_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motto was introduced in 1924 at the Olympic Games in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coubertin's Olympic ideals are expressed in the Olympic creed: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> "The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well."<sup id="cite_ref-olympicsymbols_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olympicsymbols-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote><p> Coubertin got this text from a sermon by the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Central_Pennsylvania" title="Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania">Bishop of Central Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethelbert_Talbot" title="Ethelbert Talbot">Ethelbert Talbot</a>, during the 1908 London Games.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC), approved the addition of the word "together", after an <a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">en dash</a>, to the motto; it now reads "Citius, Altius, Fortius – Communiter," Latin for "Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together" (or, in French, "Plus vite, Plus haut, Plus fort – Ensemble").<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to some <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a> Latinists, such as professor Mario De Nonno and professor Giorgio Piras, the concept of acting together is not properly conveyed by 'communis' nor 'communiter,' and De Nonno suggests an adverb such as 'Una' meaning 'as one'.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rings"><span class="anchor" id="Olympic_rings"></span>Rings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Olympic rings" redirects here. For the artistic gymnastics event, see <a href="/wiki/Rings_at_the_Olympics" title="Rings at the Olympics">Rings at the Olympics</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #369; color: white">Emblem of the Olympic Games ("Olympic Rings")<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Emblème des Jeux Olympiques ("Anneaux olympiques")</i></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/200px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/300px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/400px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Armiger" title="Armiger">Armiger</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bach" title="Thomas Bach">Thomas Bach</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_International_Olympic_Committee" title="President of the International Olympic Committee">President of the International Olympic Committee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1913<span class="noprint">; 111 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1913-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Shield_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shield (heraldry)">Shield</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Five interlocking rings, coloured blue, black, red, yellow, and green.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Earlier version(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_with_white_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Olympic_rings_with_white_rims.svg/160px-Olympic_rings_with_white_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Olympic_rings_with_white_rims.svg/240px-Olympic_rings_with_white_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Olympic_rings_with_white_rims.svg/320px-Olympic_rings_with_white_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympics_rings_(1913-1986).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Olympics_rings_%281913-1986%29.svg/160px-Olympics_rings_%281913-1986%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Olympics_rings_%281913-1986%29.svg/240px-Olympics_rings_%281913-1986%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Olympics_rings_%281913-1986%29.svg/320px-Olympics_rings_%281913-1986%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Use</th><td class="infobox-data">1986–2010, 1913–1986</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Olympic rings consist of five interlocking rings, coloured blue, yellow, black, green, and red on a white field. The symbol was originally created in 1913 by Coubertin.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He appears to have intended the rings to represent the five inhabited continents: <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KLennartz_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KLennartz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Coubertin, the colours of the rings, along with the white background, represented the colours of every competing country's flag at the time. Upon its initial introduction, Coubertin stated the following in the August 1913 edition of <i>Olympique</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... the six colours [including the flag's white background] combined in this way reproduce the colours of every country without exception. The blue and yellow of Sweden, the blue and white of Greece, the tricolour flags of France, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Belgium, Italy, and Hungary, and the yellow and red of Spain are included, as are the innovative flags of Brazil and Australia, and those of ancient Japan and modern China. This, truly, is an international emblem.</p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_des_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_fran%C3%A7aises_de_sports_athl%C3%A9tiques_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Union_des_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_fran%C3%A7aises_de_sports_athl%C3%A9tiques_logo.svg/220px-Union_des_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_fran%C3%A7aises_de_sports_athl%C3%A9tiques_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Union_des_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_fran%C3%A7aises_de_sports_athl%C3%A9tiques_logo.svg/330px-Union_des_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_fran%C3%A7aises_de_sports_athl%C3%A9tiques_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Union_des_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_fran%C3%A7aises_de_sports_athl%C3%A9tiques_logo.svg/440px-Union_des_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_fran%C3%A7aises_de_sports_athl%C3%A9tiques_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>USFSA logo</figcaption></figure> <p>In his article published in November 1992 in the <i>Olympic Revue,</i> the official magazine of the International Olympic Committee, the American historian Robert Barney explained that the idea of the interlaced rings came to Pierre de Coubertin when he was in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Union_des_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_Fran%C3%A7aises_de_Sports_Athl%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques">USFSA</a>, an association founded by the union of two French sports associations and until 1925, responsible for representing the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> in France. The emblem of the USFSA was two interlaced rings. Barney noted that Swiss psychiatrist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> considered that circles symbolized wholeness and that their linkage symbolized continuity.<sup id="cite_ref-AAFLA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAFLA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1914 Congress was suspended due to the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, so the symbol and flag officially debuted at the <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The symbol's popularity and widespread use began during the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Summer Olympics</a> in Berlin. <a href="/wiki/Carl_Diem" title="Carl Diem">Carl Diem</a>, president of the Organizing Committee of the 1936 Summer Olympics, wanted to hold a torchbearers' ceremony in the stadium at <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>, the site of the famous oracle, where the <a href="/wiki/Pythian_Games" title="Pythian Games">Pythian Games</a> were also held. For this reason, he ordered the construction of a milestone with the Olympic rings carved in the sides, and that a torchbearer should carry the flame along with an escort of three others from there to Berlin. The ceremony was celebrated but the stone was never removed. Later, two American authors, <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Poole" title="Lynn Poole">Lynn and Gray Poole</a>, when visiting Delphi in the late 1950s, saw the stone and reported in their <i>History of the Ancient Games</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the Olympic rings design came from ancient Greece. This has become known as "Carl Diem's Stone."<sup id="cite_ref-aldaver_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aldaver-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This created a myth that the symbol had an ancient Greek origin. </p><p>The current view of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is that the symbol "reinforces the idea" that the Olympic Movement is international and welcomes all countries of the world to join.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As can be read in the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Charter" title="Olympic Charter">Olympic Charter</a>, the Olympic symbol represents the union of the "<a href="/wiki/Five_continents" class="mw-redirect" title="Five continents">five continents</a>" of the world and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. However, no continent is represented by any specific ring. The 1949–50 edition of the IOC's "Green Booklet" stated that each colour corresponded to a particular continent: "blue for <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, yellow for <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, black for <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, green for <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Australia</a>, and red for <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This assertion was reversed in 1951 because there was no evidence that Coubertin had intended it: "at the very most he might perhaps have admitted it afterwards".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the pre-2014 logo of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_National_Olympic_Committees" title="Association of National Olympic Committees">Association of National Olympic Committees</a> placed the logo of each of its five continental associations inside the ring of the corresponding colour.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An Olympic Rings emoji was added to <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> on 24 July 2016 in version 2.16.7, it was later removed on 15 August 2016 in version 2.16.9.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consisted of five <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+25EF</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">◯</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LARGE CIRCLE</span> characters joined with <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+200D</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_joiner" title="Zero-width joiner">ZERO WIDTH JOINER</a></span>s, forming a <a href="/wiki/Zero-width_joiner" title="Zero-width joiner">joined character sequence</a>. This was presumably part of a temporary agreement with the International Olympic Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-Emojipedia_Blog_-_WhatsApp_Adds_Olympic_Rings_Emoji_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emojipedia_Blog_-_WhatsApp_Adds_Olympic_Rings_Emoji-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Different_types_of_flags">Different types of flags <span id="Flag"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Different types of flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">The International Olympic Committee</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/255px-Olympic_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/383px-Olympic_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/510px-Olympic_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">The Olympic rings</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sport <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_000000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological symbol"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/FIAV_000000.svg/23px-FIAV_000000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/FIAV_000000.svg/35px-FIAV_000000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/FIAV_000000.svg/46px-FIAV_000000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">2:3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">14 August 1920</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Five interlaced rings of equal dimensions (the Olympic rings), used alone, in one or in five different colours. When used in its five-colour version, these colours shall be, from left to right, blue, yellow, black, green, and red. The rings are interlaced from left to right; the blue, black, and red rings are situated at the top, the yellow and green rings at the bottom in accordance with the following graphic reproduction.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic-flag-Victoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Olympic-flag-Victoria.jpg/220px-Olympic-flag-Victoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Olympic-flag-Victoria.jpg/330px-Olympic-flag-Victoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Olympic-flag-Victoria.jpg/440px-Olympic-flag-Victoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2167" data-file-height="1915" /></a><figcaption>The Olympic flag flying in <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, Canada, as the province was the host of <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> held in Vancouver</figcaption></figure> <p>Pierre de Coubertin created the Olympic flag in 1913. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The emblem selected to illustrate and represent the 1914 World Congress which was to place the final seal on the restoration of the Olympics began to appear on various preliminary documents: five rings linked at regular intervals, their various colors – blue, yellow, black, green and red – standing out against the white of the paper. These five rings represent the five parts of the world now won over to Olympism, ready to accept its fruitful rivalries. In addition, the six colours combined in this way reproduce the colours of every country without exception. The blue and yellow of Sweden, the blue and white of Greece, the tricolor flags of France, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Belgium, Italy, and Hungary, and the yellow and red of Spain are included, as are the innovative flags of Brazil and Australia, and those of ancient Japan and modern China. This, truly, is an international emblem. It was made to be turned into a flag, and the look of the flag would be perfect. It is a light, appealing flag, a delight to see fluttering in the wind. Its meaning is largely symbolic. Its success is assured, to the point that after the Congress it can continue to be raised on solemn Olympic occasions.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Pierre de Coubertin (1913)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific_flags_used">Specific flags used</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Specific flags used"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are specific Olympic flags that are displayed by cities that will be hosting the next Olympic games. During each Olympic closing ceremony in what is traditionally known as the Antwerp or Oslo Ceremony,<sup id="cite_ref-OCprotocol2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCprotocol2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the flag is passed from the mayor of one host city to the next host, where it will then be taken to the new host city and displayed at its city hall. These special flags should not be confused with the larger Olympic flags manufactured specifically for each game, which are flown over the stadium during all the duration of the Games and then retired. Because there is no specific flag for this purpose, the flags flown over the stadiums generally have subtle differences, including minor colour variations, and, more noticeably, the presence (or lack) of white outlines around each ring.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antwerp_flag">Antwerp flag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Antwerp flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Opening Ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, the Olympic flag with the five rings signifying the universality of the Olympic Games was raised for the first time at an Olympic Games.<sup id="cite_ref-Antwerp1920_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antwerp1920-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the Games, the flag could not be found and a new Olympic flag had to be made for the handover ceremony to the officials of the <a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Summer Olympics</a> in Paris. Despite it being a replacement, the IOC officially still calls this the "Antwerp Flag" instead of the "Paris Flag".<sup id="cite_ref-Vancouver2010Symbols_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vancouver2010Symbols-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was passed on to the next organizing city of the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> until the <a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oslo,_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo, Norway">Oslo, Norway</a>, when a separate Olympic flag was created to be used only at the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympics">Winter Olympics</a> <i>(see below)</i>. The 1924 flag then continued to be used at the Summer Olympics until the Games of <a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">Seoul 1988</a> when it was retired. </p><p>In 1997, at a banquet hosted by the US Olympic Committee, a reporter was interviewing <a href="/wiki/Hal_Haig_Prieste" title="Hal Haig Prieste">Hal Haig Prieste</a> who had won a bronze medal in platform diving as a member of the 1920 US Olympic team. The reporter mentioned that the IOC had not been able to find out what had happened to the original Olympic flag. "I can help you with that," Prieste said, "It's in my suitcase." At the end of the Antwerp Olympics, spurred on by teammate <a href="/wiki/Duke_Kahanamoku" title="Duke Kahanamoku">Duke Kahanamoku</a>, he climbed a flagpole and stole the Olympic flag. For 77 years the flag was stored away in the bottom of his suitcase. The flag was returned to the IOC by Prieste, by then 103 years old, in a special ceremony held at the 2000 Games in Sydney.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original Antwerp Flag was placed on display at the Olympic Museum in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, with a plaque thanking him for donating it.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag returned to Antwerp in 2004 and since 2013, the year that Antwerp bore the title of European Sports Capital,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the flag was displayed in the entrance hall of Antwerp's city hall. In 2017, however, the flag was stored in the collection of the MAS due to the renovation of the town hall. </p><p>While the flag is recognized by the IOC, critics and historians note that the returned flag is not the one that was used in the 1920 opening ceremony, as the original flag was much larger than the one returned by Prieste.<sup id="cite_ref-KLennartz_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KLennartz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oslo_flag">Oslo flag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Oslo flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Oslo flag was presented to the IOC by the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway, during the <a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Winter Olympics</a>. Between 1952 and 2014, the flag was passed to the next organizing city for the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympics">Winter Olympics</a>, with its last appearance in Sochi in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014 Winter Olympics</a>. Currently, the actual Oslo flag is kept preserved in a special box, and in its last appearances (Torino 2006 to Sochi 2014), replicas had been used instead.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seoul_flag">Seoul flag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Seoul flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skoreaandolympicflag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Skoreaandolympicflag.jpg/220px-Skoreaandolympicflag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Skoreaandolympicflag.jpg/330px-Skoreaandolympicflag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Skoreaandolympicflag.jpg/440px-Skoreaandolympicflag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3848" data-file-height="2648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Korea" title="Flag of South Korea">Flag of South Korea</a> alongside an Olympic Flag in <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Park,_Seoul" title="Olympic Park, Seoul">Olympic Park, Seoul</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As a successor to the Antwerp Flag,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Seoul flag was presented to the IOC at the <a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Summer Olympics</a> by the city of <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea, and was passed on to the next organizing cities of the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between 1988 and 2012. Its last appearance was in London in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rio_de_Janeiro_flag">Rio de Janeiro flag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rio de Janeiro flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a successor to the Seoul Flag,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Rio de Janeiro flag was presented to the IOC at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a> by the city of <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil, and has since been passed to the next organizing cities of the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-imbo_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imbo-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pyeongchang_flag">Pyeongchang flag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pyeongchang flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a successor to the Oslo Flag,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Pyeongchang flag was presented to the IOC at the <a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 Winter Olympics</a> by the city of <a href="/wiki/Pyeongchang" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyeongchang">Pyeongchang</a>, South Korea, and has since then been passed to the next organizing city of the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympics">Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-imbo_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imbo-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Singapore_flag">Singapore flag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Singapore flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a>, an Olympic flag was created for the junior version of the Games. The flag is similar to the Olympic flag, but has the host city and year on it and was first presented to Singapore by <a href="/wiki/IOC" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC">IOC</a> President <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rogge" title="Jacques Rogge">Jacques Rogge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-singapore_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singapore-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-singapore2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singapore2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the closing ceremony on 26 August 2010, Singapore officials presented it to the next organizing committee, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing 2014">Nanjing 2014</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Innsbruck_flag">Innsbruck flag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Innsbruck flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the inaugural winter <a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a>, an Olympic flag was presented to the IOC at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2012 Winter Youth Olympics">2012 Winter Youth Olympics</a> by the city of <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, and has since then been passed on to the next organizing city of the Winter Youth Olympics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flame_and_torch_relay">Flame and torch relay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Flame and torch relay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Olympic flame</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg/220px-Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg/330px-Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg/440px-Olympic_flame_at_opening_ceremony_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption>The Olympic flame at <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">Athens 2004</a> during the Opening Ceremony.</figcaption></figure> <p>The modern tradition of moving the Olympic flame via a relay system from Greece to the Olympic venue began with the Berlin Games in 1936. Months before the Games are held, the Olympic flame is lit on a torch, with the rays of the Sun concentrated by a <a href="/wiki/Parabolic_reflector" title="Parabolic reflector">parabolic reflector</a>, at the site of the Ancient Olympics in <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a>, Greece. The torch is then taken out of Greece, most often to be taken around the country or continent where the Games are held. The Olympic torch is carried by athletes, leaders, celebrities, and ordinary people alike, and at times in unusual conditions, such as being electronically transmitted via satellite for <a href="/wiki/Montreal_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal 1976">Montreal 1976</a>, submerged underwater without being extinguished for <a href="/wiki/Sydney_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney 2000">Sydney 2000</a>, or in space and at the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sochi_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Sochi 2014">Sochi 2014</a>. On the final day of the torch relay, the day of the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony#Opening" title="Olympic Games ceremony">Opening Ceremony</a>, the Flame reaches the main stadium and is used to light a cauldron situated in a prominent part of the venue to signify the beginning of the Games. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medals_and_diplomas">Medals and diplomas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Medals and diplomas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal" title="Olympic medal">Olympic medal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olympic_diploma" title="Olympic diploma">Olympic diploma</a></div> <p>Olympic medals and diplomas are awarded to the highest-finishing competitors in each event at the Olympic Games. The medals are made of <a href="/wiki/Gold-plated" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold-plated">gold-plated</a> silver (for the <a href="/wiki/Gold_medal" title="Gold medal">gold medals</a>), silver, or <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, and are awarded to the top three finishers in a particular event. Each medal for an Olympiad has a common design, decided upon by the organizers for the particular games. For medals awarded at Summer Games, the obverse side has an image of <a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a>, the Greek goddess of victory, holding a palm in her left hand and a winner's crown in her right, and the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> in Rome in the background. In contrast, at Winter Games the creators of the medals have complete freedom to choose their designs. </p><p>The original medal design, created by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Cassioli" title="Giuseppe Cassioli">Giuseppe Cassioli</a>, was used from the <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Summer Olympics</a> to the <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Summer Olympics</a>. The design underwent a drastic change for the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>, when Cassioli's design was replaced by a more modern design connected to Greece. The obverse side was changed to make more explicit references to the Greek goddess and traditions. In this design, the goddess Nike flies into the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a>, symbolizing the renewal of the Games. The new design was created by Greek jewelry designer <a href="/wiki/Elena_Votsi" title="Elena Votsi">Elena Votsi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For each Summer Olympics from 2004 onwards, the reverse side, as well as the labels for each Olympiad, were changed to reflect scenic images or locations from the host city. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Olympic_diploma" title="Olympic diploma">Olympic diplomas</a> are given to competitors placing fourth, fifth, and sixth since 1949, and to competitors placing seventh and eighth since 1981. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anthems">Anthems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Anthems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Hymn" title="Olympic Hymn">Olympic Hymn</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_songs_and_anthems" title="List of Olympic songs and anthems">List of Olympic songs and anthems</a></div> <p>The "<a href="/wiki/Olympic_Hymn" title="Olympic Hymn">Olympic Hymn</a>", officially known as the "Olympic Anthem", is played when the Olympic flag is raised. It was composed by <a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Samaras" title="Spyridon Samaras">Spyridon Samaras</a> with words from a poem of the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> poet and writer <a href="/wiki/Kostis_Palamas" title="Kostis Palamas">Kostis Palamas</a>. Both the poet and the composer were the choice of <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Vikelas" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius Vikelas">Demetrius Vikelas</a>, a Greek <a href="/wiki/Pro-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-European">Pro-European</a>, and the first President of the IOC. The anthem was performed for the first time for the ceremony of opening of the <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Athens Olympic Games</a> but was not declared the official hymn by the IOC until 1958. In the following years, every hosting location commissioned the composition of a specific Olympic hymn for their own edition of the Games until the <a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960 Winter Olympics</a> in Squaw Valley. </p><p>Other notable Olympic anthems and fanfares include: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AarreMerikanto1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/AarreMerikanto1952.jpg/220px-AarreMerikanto1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/AarreMerikanto1952.jpg/330px-AarreMerikanto1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/AarreMerikanto1952.jpg/440px-AarreMerikanto1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption>The composer of the 1952 Olympic Fanfare, <a href="/wiki/Aarre_Merikanto" title="Aarre Merikanto">Aarre Merikanto</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Helsinki Olympic Stadium</a> during the games.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Olympische_Hymne" title="Olympische Hymne">Olympische Hymne</a>": A composition for orchestra and mixed chorus composed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a> for the <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Berlin Summer Olympics</a>.</li> <li>The "Olympic Fanfare" for the <a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Helsinki Summer Olympics</a>: this was originally composed by <a href="/wiki/Aarre_Merikanto" title="Aarre Merikanto">Aarre Merikanto</a> for the <a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics">1940 Summer Olympics</a>, which were cancelled. Merikanto's Fanfare won the fanfare contest organized in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> in 1939, but the score was lost for over a decade; when rediscovered in 1951, it was decided to use it in 1952. It was recorded in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bugler%27s_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugler's Dream">Bugler's Dream</a>": Written in 1958 by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Arnaud" title="Leo Arnaud">Leo Arnaud</a> as part of his <i>Charge Suite</i>, the theme is often thought of by Americans as the "Olympic Theme" due to its usage in television coverage by <a href="/wiki/Olympics_on_ABC" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympics on ABC">ABC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olympics_on_NBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympics on NBC">NBC</a>, starting with the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo.</li> <li>The "Olympic March": The theme written by <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABji_Koseki" title="Yūji Koseki">Yūji Koseki</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Summer Olympics</a> theme song.</li> <li>"Olympic Fanfare 1972": The winning submission for the <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Summer Olympics</a> theme song, used as the TV signature tune of the German Olympic Center (Deutsches Olympia-Zentrum, DOZ) and the prelude to the medal ceremonies, composed by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Rehbein" title="Herbert Rehbein">Herbert Rehbein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was performed by the <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Radio_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra">Orchestra of the Bavarian Broadcasting Company</a> (<i>Orchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks</i>) and members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Band" title="United States Air Force Band">Air Force Band</a> <a href="/wiki/Neubiberg_Air_Base" title="Neubiberg Air Base">Neubiberg</a>, conducted by Willy Mattes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>"Olympic Fanfare and Theme": Composed by <a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Williams (composer)">John Williams</a> for the Los Angeles <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Summer Olympics</a>, the theme was performed in the opening ceremonies by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Band" title="United States Army Band">United States Army Herald Trumpets</a> conducted by then-Captain David Deitrick.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first recording, performed by an orchestra composed of Los Angeles-area musicians, was released in its entirety on the LP and cassette album <i>The Official Music of the XXIIIrd Olympiad Los Angeles 1984</i>, with a concurrent Japan-only CD release (which went on to win a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards_of_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Awards of 1985">Grammy</a> in 1985).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A slightly different arrangement of the piece was released on the Philips album <i>By Request: The Best of John Williams and the Boston Pops Orchestra</i>. In 1996, an alternate version of "Olympic Fanfare and Theme" was released on the album <i>Summon the Heroes</i> for the <a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">Atlanta Olympic Games</a>, replacing the first part of the piece with Arnaud's "Bugler's Dream". The theme was used in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics_closing_ceremony" title="2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony">closing ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games</a> as the countries' flagbearers entered the <a href="/wiki/BC_Place_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="BC Place Stadium">BC Place</a> field surrounding the Olympic cauldron, and during the Antwerp Ceremony when the Olympic flag was brought into the stadium by Vancouver mayor <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Robertson_(politician)" title="Gregor Robertson (politician)">Gregor Robertson</a>.</li> <li>"The Olympic Spirit": The theme written by John Williams for the <a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> and used in the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Olympics_on_NBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympics on NBC">NBC</a> broadcasts.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Summon_the_Heroes" title="Summon the Heroes">Summon the Heroes</a>": The theme written by John Williams for the <a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Brisco_County,_Jr." title="The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.">Theme from The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.</a>": The theme song to this television show, composed by <a href="/wiki/Randy_Edelman" title="Randy Edelman">Randy Edelman</a>, was first used by NBC for teaser commercial and promo spots in <a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>; it would be retired following the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Call_of_the_Champions" title="Call of the Champions">Call of the Champions</a>": The theme written by John Williams for the <a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Salt Lake Winter Olympics</a>.</li></ul> <p>Several other composers have contributed Olympic music, including <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Lai" title="Francis Lai">Francis Lai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Glass" title="Philip Glass">Philip Glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Foster" title="David Foster">David Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikis_Theodorakis" title="Mikis Theodorakis">Mikis Theodorakis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryuichi_Sakamoto" title="Ryuichi Sakamoto">Ryuichi Sakamoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vangelis" title="Vangelis">Vangelis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basil_Poledouris" title="Basil Poledouris">Basil Poledouris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kamen" title="Michael Kamen">Michael Kamen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Watters" title="Mark Watters">Mark Watters</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kotinos">Kotinos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Kotinos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Olive_wreath" title="Olive wreath">Olive wreath</a></div> <p>The <i>kotinos</i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">κότινος</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a> branch, originally of wild olive-tree, intertwined to form a circle or a horse-shoe, introduced by <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">ancient Olympic Games</a> there were no <a href="/wiki/Gold_medal#Olympic_Games" title="Gold medal">gold</a>, silver, or bronze medals. There was only one winner per event, crowned with an olive wreath made of wild olive leaves from a sacred tree near the temple of Zeus at Olympia. The victorious athletes were honored, feted, and praised. Their deeds were heralded and chronicled so that future generations could appreciate their accomplishments. </p><p>According to the Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, the Persian king <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I of Persia">Xerxes</a> was interrogating some <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece#Arcadia" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Arcadians</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thermopylae" title="Battle of Thermopylae">Battle of Thermopylae</a>. He inquired why there were so few Greek men defending Thermopylae. The answer was "All other men are participating in the Olympic Games". When asked "What is the prize for the winner?", he was told "an olive-wreath". <a href="/wiki/Tigranes" title="Tigranes">Tigranes</a>, one of his generals, replied "Good heavens! <a href="/wiki/Mardonius_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mardonius (general)">Mardonius</a>, what kind of men are these against whom you have brought us to fight? Men who do not compete for possessions, but for honour."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his play <a href="/wiki/Plutus_(play)" title="Plutus (play)">Plutus</a>, the Greek playwright <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a> suggested that the wreath being made of wild olive instead of gold signified that Zeus hoards his gold for himself.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In later times, athletes were rewarded with a generous sum of money as well as the <i>kotinos</i>. The <i>kotinos</i> tradition was renewed specifically for the Athens 2004 Games, although in this case it was bestowed together with the gold medal. Apart from its use in the awards ceremonies, the <i>kotinos</i> was chosen as the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a> emblem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Olympic_salute">Olympic salute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Olympic salute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GraRuebAmsterdam.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/GraRuebAmsterdam.JPG/220px-GraRuebAmsterdam.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/GraRuebAmsterdam.JPG/330px-GraRuebAmsterdam.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/GraRuebAmsterdam.JPG/440px-GraRuebAmsterdam.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>The Olympic Salute</i> sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Gra_Rueb" title="Gra Rueb">Gra Rueb</a>, sculpted for the <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Summer Olympics</a> in Amsterdam.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Olympic salute is a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman salute</a>, with the right arm and hand stretched and pointing upward, the palm outward and downward, with the fingers touching. However, unlike the Roman salute, the arm is raised higher and at an angle to the right from the shoulder.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The greeting is visible on the official posters of the games at <a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">Paris 1924</a><sup id="cite_ref-1924poster_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1924poster-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">Berlin 1936</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Olympic salute has fallen out of use since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> because of its resemblance to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_salute" title="Nazi salute">Nazi salute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used by the French team in the opening ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948 Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mascots">Mascots</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Mascots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_mascots" title="List of Olympic mascots">List of Olympic mascots</a></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, France, the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> have had a <a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">mascot</a>, usually an animal native to the area or occasionally human figures representing the cultural heritage. The first major mascot in the Olympic Games was <a href="/wiki/Misha" title="Misha">Misha</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympics</a> in Moscow. Misha was used extensively during the opening and closing ceremonies, had a TV animated cartoon, and appeared on several merchandise products. Nowadays, most of the merchandise aimed at young people focuses on the mascots, rather than the Olympic flag or organization logos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intellectual_property">Intellectual property</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Intellectual property"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Olympic movement is very protective of its symbols, and many jurisdictions have given the movement exclusive trademark rights to any interlocking arrangement of five rings, and usage of the word "Olympic". The rings are not eligible for copyright protection<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2024)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup>, both because of their date of creation and because five circles arranged in a pattern do not reach the <a href="/wiki/Threshold_of_originality" title="Threshold of originality">threshold of originality</a> required to be copyrighted. </p><p>The movement has taken action against numerous groups alleged to have violated their trademarks, including the <a href="/wiki/Gay_Games" title="Gay Games">Gay Games</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>-based band <a href="/wiki/The_Hopefuls" title="The Hopefuls">The Hopefuls</a>, formerly The Olympic Hopefuls; the Redneck Olympics or <a href="/wiki/Redneck_Games" title="Redneck Games">Redneck Games</a>; <a href="/wiki/Awana" title="Awana">Awana Clubs International</a>, a Christian youth ministry who used the term for its competitive games; <a href="/wiki/Wizards_of_the_Coast" title="Wizards of the Coast">Wizards of the Coast</a>, publisher at the time of the IOC's complaint of the card game <i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Five_Rings" title="Legend of the Five Rings">Legend of the Five Rings</a></i>; and Philippine sporting good chain Olympic Village.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, the Norwegian brewery Frydenlund patented a label for its root beer which featured the five Olympic rings. In 1952, when Norway was to host the Winter Olympics, the Olympic Committee was notified by Norway's Patent Office that it was Frydenlund who owned the rights to the rings in that country. Today, the successor company <a href="/wiki/Ringnes" title="Ringnes">Ringnes AS</a> owns the rights to use the patented five rings on its root beer.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, a few other companies have been successful in using the Olympic name, such as Olympic Paint, which has a paintbrush in the form of a torch as its logo, and the former Greek passenger carrier <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Airlines" title="Olympic Airlines">Olympic Airlines</a>. </p><p>Certain other sporting organizations and events have been granted permission by the IOC to use the word "Olympics" in their name, such as the <a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a>, an international sporting event held every four years for people with intellectual disabilities. </p><p>The IOC maintains exclusive ownership and control of the use of Olympic symbols through an international treaty and the IOC's demand for the enactment of laws in hosting locations to grant special trademark protection to Olympic symbols. In 1981, the Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol (Nairobi Treaty), a treaty administered by the <a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a>, was signed by fifty-two states.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All fifty-two signatories to the Nairobi Treaty became obligated under the treaty to protect Olympic symbols against use for commercial purposes without authorization of the IOC. Under the Nairobi Treaty, if the IOC authorizes use of an Olympic symbol in a country that is a party to the treaty, then that country's National Olympic Committee is entitled to a portion of any revenue generated from the IOC's authorization of use. The Nairobi Treaty provides for a framework of international intellectual property protection of the licensure of all Olympic symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, organizing committees have also demanded the passing of laws to combat <a href="/wiki/Ambush_marketing" title="Ambush marketing">ambush marketing</a> by non-official sponsors during the Games – such as the <a href="/wiki/London_Olympic_Games_and_Paralympic_Games_Act_2006" title="London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006">London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006</a> – putting heavy restrictions on using any term or imagery that could constitute an unauthorized association with the games, including mere mentioning of the host city, the year, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-independent-180712_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-180712-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atalantic-130712_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atalantic-130712-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barney" title="Bob Barney">Bob Barney</a> co-authored the book <i>Selling the Five Rings</i> (2002), with Stephen Wenn and Scott Martyn, which discussed the history of corporate sponsorships and television rights for the Olympic Games.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barney argued that the Olympic torch had been commercialized since its inception in 1936, and that sponsors of the torch relay benefit from brand awareness. In contrast, the medal <a href="/wiki/Podium" title="Podium">podium</a> ceremonies, which began in 1932, had not become commercialized since no advertising is allowed inside Olympic venues.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ave" title="Ave">Ave</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Imperator,_morituri_te_salutant" title="Ave Imperator, morituri te salutant">Ave Imperator, morituri te salutant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellamy_salute" title="Bellamy salute">Bellamy salute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bras_d%27honneur" title="Bras d'honneur">Bras d'honneur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heil_og_s%C3%A6l" title="Heil og sæl">Heil og sæl</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quenelle_(gesture)" title="Quenelle (gesture)">Quenelle (gesture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman salute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zogist_salute" title="Zogist salute">Zogist salute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_symbols" title="Paralympic symbols">Paralympic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_Medal" title="Pierre de Coubertin Medal">Pierre de Coubertin Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiadane" title="Olympiadane">Olympiadane</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/all-sports/noc-profile-egypt.htm">"Team Egypt"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210721171248/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/all-sports/noc-profile-egypt.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Team+Egypt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Ftokyo-2020%2Folympic-games%2Fen%2Fresults%2Fall-sports%2Fnoc-profile-egypt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/ioc/faq/olympic-symbol-and-identity/what-is-the-meaning-of-the-olympic-rings#:~:text=The%20Olympic%20symbol%20(the%20Olympic,world%20at%20the%20Olympic%20Games.">"Team Egypt"</a>. 7 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Team+Egypt&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fioc%2Ffaq%2Folympic-symbol-and-identity%2Fwhat-is-the-meaning-of-the-olympic-rings%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Olympic%2520symbol%2520%28the%2520Olympic%2Cworld%2520at%2520the%2520Olympic%2520Games.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918085634/http://registration.olympic.org/en/faq/detail/id/29">"What is the Olympic motto?"</a>. International Olympic Committee. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://registration.olympic.org/en/faq/detail/id/29">the original</a> on 18 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+Olympic+motto%3F&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fregistration.olympic.org%2Fen%2Ffaq%2Fdetail%2Fid%2F29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-motto-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-motto_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motto_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110905080534/http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reports/EN/en_report_268.pdf">"Opening Ceremony"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Olympic Committee. 2002. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reports/EN/en_report_268.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opening+Ceremony&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2FDocuments%2FReports%2FEN%2Fen_report_268.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span>; "Sport athlétique", 14 mars 1891: "[...] dans une éloquente allocution il a souhaité que ce drapeau les conduise 'souvent à la victoire, à la lutte toujours'. Il a dit qu'il leur donnait pour devise ces trois mots qui sont le fondement et la raison d'être des sports athlétiques: citius, altius, fortius, 'plus vite, plus haut, plus fort'", cited in Hoffmane, Simone <i>La carrière du père Didon, Dominicain. 1840 - 1900</i>, Doctoral thesis, Université de Paris IV — Sorbonne man thingy, 1985, p. 926; cf. Michaela Lochmann, <i>Les fondements pédagogiques de la devise olympique „citius, altius, fortius“</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1924">Games of the VIII Olympiad - Paris 1924</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070303133133/http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1924">Archived</a> 3 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olympicsymbols-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-olympicsymbols_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090324234949/http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1303.pdf">"The Olympic Symbols"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Olympic Committee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1303.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Olympic+Symbols&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmultimedia.olympic.org%2Fpdf%2Fen_report_1303.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906110401/http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/The_Olympic_Summer_Games.pdf">"The Olympic Summer Games"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Olympic Committee. October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/The_Olympic_Summer_Games.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Olympic+Summer+Games&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2FDocuments%2FReference_documents_Factsheets%2FThe_Olympic_Summer_Games.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/ioc/news/-faster-higher-stronger-together-ioc-session-approves-historic-change-in-olympic-motto">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Faster, Higher, Stronger - Together" - IOC Session approves historic change in Olympic motto - Olympic News"</a>. <i>International Olympic Committee</i>. 22 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Olympic+Committee&rft.atitle=%22Faster%2C+Higher%2C+Stronger+-+Together%22+-+IOC+Session+approves+historic+change+in+Olympic+motto+-+Olympic+News&rft.date=2021-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fioc%2Fnews%2F-faster-higher-stronger-together-ioc-session-approves-historic-change-in-olympic-motto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/ioc/olympic-motto">The Olympic motto</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://video.repubblica.it/dossier/olimpiadi-tokyo-2020/tokyo-2020-il-professore-di-latino-vi-spiego-perche-la-gaffe-del-cio-e-clamorosa/392436/393149">"Tokyo 2020, il professore di latino: 'Vi spiego perché la gaffe del Cio è clamorosa'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 23 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tokyo+2020%2C+il+professore+di+latino%3A+%27Vi+spiego+perch%C3%A9+la+gaffe+del+Cio+%C3%A8+clamorosa%27&rft.date=2021-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvideo.repubblica.it%2Fdossier%2Folimpiadi-tokyo-2020%2Ftokyo-2020-il-professore-di-latino-vi-spiego-perche-la-gaffe-del-cio-e-clamorosa%2F392436%2F393149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iltempo.it/attualita/2021/07/22/news/motto-latino-olimpiadi-tokyo-2020-giochi-olimpici-communiter-communis-solidarieta-cio-errore-gaffe-28060413/">"Olimpiadi, la gaffe del Cio è clamorosa: Sbaglia il latino sul motto di Tokyo2020"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olimpiadi%2C+la+gaffe+del+Cio+%C3%A8+clamorosa%3A+Sbaglia+il+latino+sul+motto+di+Tokyo2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iltempo.it%2Fattualita%2F2021%2F07%2F22%2Fnews%2Fmotto-latino-olimpiadi-tokyo-2020-giochi-olimpici-communiter-communis-solidarieta-cio-errore-gaffe-28060413%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/story/olympics-symbols-and-traditions">"Olympics: Symbols and Traditions"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Olympics%3A+Symbols+and+Traditions&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fstory%2Folympics-symbols-and-traditions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KLennartz-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KLennartz_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KLennartz_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennartz2002" class="citation journal cs1">Lennartz, Karl (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107230741/http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1m.pdf">"The Story of the Rings"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Olympic History</i>. <b>10</b>: 32. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1m.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Olympic+History&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+the+Rings&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=32&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Lennartz&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.la84.org%2FSportsLibrary%2FJOH%2FJOHv10n1%2FJOHv10n1m.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennartz2002" class="citation journal cs1">Lennartz, Karl (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107230741/http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1m.pdf">"The Story of the Rings"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Olympic History</i>. <b>10</b>: 31. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1m.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2016</span>. <q>De plus les six couleurs ainsi combinées reproduisent celles de toutes les nations sans exception. Le bleu et jaune de Suède, le bleu et blanc de Grèce, les tricolores français, anglais, américain, allemand, belge, italien, hongrois, le jaune et rouge d'Espagne voisinent avec les innovations brésilienne ou australienne, avec le vieux Japon et la jeune Chine. Voilà vraiment un emblème international.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Olympic+History&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+the+Rings&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Lennartz&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.la84.org%2FSportsLibrary%2FJOH%2FJOHv10n1%2FJOHv10n1m.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAFLA-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAFLA_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Knight_Barney1992" class="citation journal cs1">Robert Knight Barney (November 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305010456/http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1992/ore301/ORE301p.pdf">"This Great Symbol"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Olympic Review</i> (301). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antwerp+World+Diamond+Centre&rft.atitle=AWDC+partners+with+Sporting+A&rft.date=2013-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awdc.be%2Fen%2Fawdc-partners-sporting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100228141124/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/feature-stories/the-olympic-flags-and-emblem_38344IZ.html">"Vancouver 2010: The Olympic Flags and Emblem"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/feature-stories/the-olympic-flags-and-emblem_38344IZ.html">the original</a> on 28 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2010</span>. <q>Because it is so precious, and must be preserved for years to come, the Oslo flag is not used during the actual Closing Ceremony. Instead, a replica flag is traditionally used.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vancouver+2010%3A+The+Olympic+Flags+and+Emblem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vancouver2010.com%2Folympic-news%2Fn%2Fnews%2Ffeature-stories%2Fthe-olympic-flags-and-emblem_38344IZ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100228141124/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/feature-stories/the-olympic-flags-and-emblem_38344IZ.html">"Vancouver 2010: The Olympic Flags and Emblem"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-news/n/news/feature-stories/the-olympic-flags-and-emblem_38344IZ.html">the original</a> on 28 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2010</span>. <q>The successor to the Antwerp Flag, the Seoul flag was presented to the IOC at the 1988 Olympic Games in the Seoul Summer Olympics, South Korea.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vancouver+2010%3A+The+Olympic+Flags+and+Emblem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vancouver2010.com%2Folympic-news%2Fn%2Fnews%2Ffeature-stories%2Fthe-olympic-flags-and-emblem_38344IZ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIII2018" class="citation web cs1">III, Aloysius M. O’Neill (8 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.38north.org/2018/02/aoneill020818/">"The 1988 Olympics in Seoul: A Triumph of Sport and Diplomacy - 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea"</a>. <i>38 North</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=38+North&rft.atitle=The+1988+Olympics+in+Seoul%3A+A+Triumph+of+Sport+and+Diplomacy+-+38+North%3A+Informed+Analysis+of+North+Korea&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft.aulast=III&rft.aufirst=Aloysius+M.+O%E2%80%99Neill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.38north.org%2F2018%2F02%2Faoneill020818%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1040944/olympic-flag-arrives-in-tokyo-ahead-of-2020-games">"Olympic Flag arrives in Tokyo ahead of 2020 Games"</a>. 24 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2016</span>. <q>Rio Mayor Eduardo Paes handed the Flag over to Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike during the Rio 2016 Closing Ceremony at the Maracanã Stadium on Sunday (August 21).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympic+Flag+arrives+in+Tokyo+ahead+of+2020+Games&rft.date=2016-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidethegames.biz%2Farticles%2F1040944%2Folympic-flag-arrives-in-tokyo-ahead-of-2020-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imbo-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imbo_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imbo_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImbo" class="citation web cs1">Imbo, Will. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/news/the-tradition-of-the-olympic-flag-handover-ceremony">"The tradition of the Olympic flag handover ceremony"</a>. <i>International Olympic Committee News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Olympic+Committee+News&rft.atitle=The+tradition+of+the+Olympic+flag+handover+ceremony&rft.aulast=Imbo&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fthe-tradition-of-the-olympic-flag-handover-ceremony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1062065/olympic-flag-arrives-at-great-wall-of-china-as-beijing-looks-ahead-to-2022-winter-games">"Olympic flag arrives at Great Wall of China as Beijing looks ahead to 2022 Winter Games"</a>. 28 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2018</span>. <q>IOC President Thomas Bach, centre, takes over the Olympic flag from the Mayor of Pyeongchang, Sim Jae-guk, and hands it to Mayor of Beijing Chen Jining during the Closing Ceremony of the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympic Games. The flag has now arrived in Beijing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympic+flag+arrives+at+Great+Wall+of+China+as+Beijing+looks+ahead+to+2022+Winter+Games&rft.date=2018-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidethegames.biz%2Farticles%2F1062065%2Folympic-flag-arrives-at-great-wall-of-china-as-beijing-looks-ahead-to-2022-winter-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singapore-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-singapore_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gamesbids.com/eng/youth-olympic-bids/other-youth-olympic-news/singapore-2010-presented-with-special-olympic-flag/">"Singapore 2010 Presented With Special Olympic Flag"</a>. Gamebids.com. 13 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Singapore+2010+Presented+With+Special+Olympic+Flag&rft.pub=Gamebids.com&rft.date=2010-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgamesbids.com%2Feng%2Fyouth-olympic-bids%2Fother-youth-olympic-news%2Fsingapore-2010-presented-with-special-olympic-flag%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singapore2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-singapore2_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120728113202/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1075051/1/.html">"S'pore presented with special Olympic flag"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Channel_NewsAsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel NewsAsia">Channel NewsAsia</a>. 13 August 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1075051/1/.html">the original</a> on 28 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%27pore+presented+with+special+Olympic+flag&rft.pub=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.date=2010-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fstories%2Fsingaporelocalnews%2Fview%2F1075051%2F1%2F.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.sina.com/sports/2010/0826/336406.html">"Olympic flag handed to mayor of Nanjing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sina_Corp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sina Corp">Sina Corp</a>. 27 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympic+flag+handed+to+mayor+of+Nanjing&rft.pub=Sina+Corp&rft.date=2010-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.sina.com%2Fsports%2F2010%2F0826%2F336406.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuergen_Wagner2003" class="citation web cs1">Juergen Wagner (2 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110111105048/http://olympic-museum.de/w_medals/wmed2004.htm">"Olympic Games Winner Medal 2004"</a>. Olympic-museum.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olympic-museum.de/w_medals/wmed2004.htm">the original</a> on 11 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympic+Games+Winner+Medal+2004&rft.pub=Olympic-museum.de&rft.date=2003-07-02&rft.au=Juergen+Wagner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Folympic-museum.de%2Fw_medals%2Fwmed2004.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeikinheimo1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heikinheimo, Seppo (1985). <i>Aarre Merikanto: Säveltäjänkohtalo itsenäisessä Suomessa</i> [<i>Aarre Merikanto: The vicissitudes of a composer in an independent Finland</i>] (in Finnish). Helsinki: WSOY. pp. 465, 467, 473, 479. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-0-13319-1" title="Special:BookSources/951-0-13319-1"><bdi>951-0-13319-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aarre+Merikanto%3A+S%C3%A4velt%C3%A4j%C3%A4nkohtalo+itsen%C3%A4isess%C3%A4+Suomessa&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pages=465%2C+467%2C+473%2C+479&rft.pub=WSOY&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=951-0-13319-1&rft.aulast=Heikinheimo&rft.aufirst=Seppo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107230741/http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/bio/C234">"Herbert Rehbein"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a>. 1993. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/bio/C234">the original</a> on 7 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herbert+Rehbein&rft.pub=Songwriters+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=1993&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.songwritershalloffame.org%2Fexhibits%2Fbio%2FC234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuegold1996" class="citation book cs1">Guegold, William K. (1996). <i>100 Years of Olympic Music (Music and Musicians of the Modern Olympic Games 1896–1996)</i>. Golden Clef Publishing. pp. 56–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9652371-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9652371-0-9"><bdi>0-9652371-0-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Years+of+Olympic+Music+%28Music+and+Musicians+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Games+1896%E2%80%931996%29&rft.pages=56-58&rft.pub=Golden+Clef+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-9652371-0-9&rft.aulast=Guegold&rft.aufirst=William+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064411/http://www.johnwilliams.org/compositions/olympicfanfare.html">"The John Williams Web Pages: Olympic Fanfare and Theme"</a>. Johnwilliams.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnwilliams.org/compositions/olympicfanfare.html">the original</a> on 19 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Park City, Utah. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Park+Record&rft.atitle=Arts+in+the+spotlight&rft.pages=36&rft.date=2001-10-31&rft.aulast=Romine-Peterson&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-park-record-olympics-2001%2F129824070%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemphill2002" class="citation news cs1">Hemphill, Lex (22 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-2002-winter-olympi/129778187/">"Olympic Torch Relay, Commercial to Begin With, Has Become More So, Historian Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Salt_Lake_Tribune" title="The Salt Lake Tribune">The Salt Lake Tribune</a></i>. Salt Lake City, Utah. p. C4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Salt+Lake+Tribune&rft.atitle=Olympic+Torch+Relay%2C+Commercial+to+Begin+With%2C+Has+Become+More+So%2C+Historian+Says&rft.pages=C4&rft.date=2002-01-22&rft.aulast=Hemphill&rft.aufirst=Lex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-salt-lake-tribune-2002-winter-olympi%2F129778187%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympic+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_symbols&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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title="List of Olympic mascots">Olympic mascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_songs_and_anthems" title="List of Olympic songs and anthems">Olympic music</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Motto">Olympic motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Oath" title="Olympic Oath">Olympic Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Order" title="Olympic Order">Olympic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_poster" title="Olympic poster">Olympic poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_wreath" title="Olive wreath">Olive wreath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, 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plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Olympic_Committee" title="Template:International Olympic Committee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Olympic_Committee" title="Template talk:International Olympic Committee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Olympic_Committee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Olympic Committee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_International_Olympic_Committee_(IOC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee (IOC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympism" title="Olympism">Olympism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Charter" title="Olympic Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_International_Olympic_Committee" title="List of members of the International Olympic Committee">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_International_Olympic_Committee" title="President of the International Olympic Committee">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Congress" title="Olympic Congress">Olympic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOC_Athletes%27_Commission" title="IOC Athletes' Commission">IOC Athletes' Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Refuge_Foundation" title="Olympic Refuge Foundation">Olympic Refuge Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Broadcasting_Services" title="Olympic Broadcasting Services">Olympic Broadcasting Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel" title="Olympic Channel">Olympic Channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel_(American_TV_channel)" title="Olympic Channel (American TV channel)">American</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_meetings#Olympic_Congresses" title="List of IOC meetings">Olympic Congresses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_Olympic_Congress" title="13th Olympic Congress">13th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_meetings#IOC_Sessions" title="List of IOC meetings">IOC sessions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/117th_IOC_Session" title="117th IOC Session">117th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/121st_IOC_Session" title="121st IOC Session">121st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/123rd_IOC_Session" title="123rd IOC Session">123rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/125th_IOC_Session" title="125th IOC Session">125th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/127th_IOC_Session" title="127th IOC Session">127th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/128th_IOC_Session" title="128th IOC Session">128th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/129th_IOC_Session" title="129th IOC Session">129th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/130th_IOC_Session" title="130th IOC Session">130th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/131st_IOC_Session" title="131st IOC Session">131st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/132nd_IOC_Session" title="132nd IOC Session">132nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/133rd_IOC_Session" title="133rd IOC Session">133rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/134th_IOC_Session" title="134th IOC Session">134th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/141st_IOC_Session" title="141st IOC Session">141st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/142nd_IOC_Session" title="142nd IOC Session">142nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/144th_IOC_Session" title="144th IOC Session">144th</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Order" title="Olympic Order">Olympic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Cup" title="Olympic Cup">Olympic Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_Medal" title="Pierre de Coubertin Medal">Pierre de Coubertin Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Laurel" title="Olympic Laurel">Olympic Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Diploma_of_Merit" title="Olympic Diploma of Merit">Olympic Diploma of Merit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">National Olympic Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_National_Olympic_Committees" title="Association of National Olympic Committees">Association of NOCs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations" title="List of international sports federations">International sports federations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Summer_Olympic_International_Federations" title="Association of Summer Olympic International Federations">Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_International_Olympic_Winter_Sports_Federations" title="Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations">Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_IOC_Recognised_International_Sports_Federations" title="Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations">IOC Recognised</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Games_Association" title="International World Games Association">International World Games Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Paralympic_Committee" title="International Paralympic Committee">International Paralympic Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_Sports_for_the_Deaf" class="mw-redirect" title="International Committee of Sports for the Deaf">International Committee of Sports for the Deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Olympic Games portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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Olympic Committee">IOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Charter" title="Olympic Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Congress" title="Olympic Congress">Olympic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_meetings" title="List of IOC meetings">IOC meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations" title="List of international sports federations">International sports federations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal" title="Olympic medal">Medals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal_table" title="Olympic medal table">Medal table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table" title="All-time Olympic Games medal table">All-time medal table</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-time_Youth_Olympic_Games_medal_table" title="All-time Youth Olympic Games medal table">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_teams_by_medals_won" title="List of Olympic teams by medals won">Medal table leaders by Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Olympic_medalists" title="Lists of Olympic medalists">Medalists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Youth_Olympic_medalists" title="Lists of Youth Olympic medalists">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ties_for_medals_at_the_Olympics" title="List of ties for medals at the Olympics">Medal ties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incentives_for_Olympic_medalists_by_country" title="Incentives for Olympic medalists by country">Incentives by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stripped_Olympic_medals" title="List of stripped Olympic medals">Stripped medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_diploma" title="Olympic diploma">Olympic diploma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_wreath" title="Olive wreath">Olive wreath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Summer_Olympic_Games" title="List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympic_Games" title="List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics">tropical nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">country codes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">Host cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for Olympic Games">Bids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Bids for the Youth Olympic Games">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues" title="List of Olympic venues">Venues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Youth_Olympic_venues" title="List of Youth Olympic venues">youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium" title="Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony" title="Olympic Games ceremony">Ceremonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Mass" title="Olympic Mass">Olympic Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games" title="List of people who have opened the Olympic Games">People who opened the Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_torch_relays" title="List of Olympic torch relays">Torch relays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron" title="List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron">lighters of the Olympic cauldron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_kept_the_Olympic_flag" title="List of people who have kept the Olympic flag">Keepers of the Olympic flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympics_on_television" title="Olympics on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Broadcasting_Services" title="Olympic Broadcasting Services">Olympic Broadcasting Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel" title="Olympic Channel">Olympic Channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel_(American_TV_channel)" title="Olympic Channel (American TV channel)">American</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics" title="Social media coverage of the Olympics">Social media</a></li> <li>Films <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Summer_Olympic_documentary_films" title="List of Summer Olympic documentary films">summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Winter_Olympic_documentary_films" title="List of Winter Olympic documentary films">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_video_games" title="List of Olympic video games">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad">Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Oath" title="Olympic Oath">Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_songs_and_anthems" title="List of Olympic songs and anthems">Songs and anthems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Hymn" title="Olympic Hymn">Hymn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_emblem" title="Olympic emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_poster" title="Olympic poster">Poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_mascots" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic mascots">Mascots</a></li> <li>Coins <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_coins" title="Summer Olympic coins">summer (pre-2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Coins_(2000%E2%80%93present)" title="Summer Olympic Coins (2000–present)">summer (2000-present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_coins" title="Winter Olympic coins">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_Medal" title="Pierre de Coubertin Medal">Pierre de Coubertin Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Cup" title="Olympic Cup">Olympic Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Diploma_of_Merit" title="Olympic Diploma of Merit">Olympic Diploma of Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Laurel" title="Olympic Laurel">Olympic Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Order" title="Olympic Order">Olympic Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the Summer Olympics">Art competitions at the Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_art_competitions" title="List of Olympic medalists in art competitions">medalists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_scandals,_controversies_and_incidents" title="List of Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents">Scandals and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games" title="Antisemitism in the Olympic Games">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism_and_the_Olympic_Games" title="Colonialism and the Olympic Games">colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Doping at the Olympic Games">doping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_and_Paralympic_deaths" title="Olympic and Paralympic deaths">Deaths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">WWI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_II" title="List of Olympians killed in World War II">WWII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_of_women_in_the_Olympics" title="Participation of women in the Olympics">Participation of women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic Games</a></li> <li>Continental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Games" title="European Games">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Games" title="Pacific Games">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan-American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Series" title="Olympic Esports Series">Olympic Esports Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaflympics" title="Deaflympics">Deaflympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" title="1906 Intercalated Games">1906 Intercalated Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Olympic Games</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904 St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912 Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1916 Berlin</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW1_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1940 Tokyo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1944 London</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960 Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968 Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Tokyo</a><sup id="cite_ref-COVID2021_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID2021-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Paris</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Los Angeles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032 Brisbane</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2036_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2036 Summer Olympics">2036 TBD</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympic rings"><img alt="Olympic rings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/110px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/165px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/220px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924 Chamonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics" title="1940 Winter Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1940 Sapporo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics" title="1944 Winter Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_66-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960 Squaw Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968 Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972 Sapporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984 Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988 Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992 Albertville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Salt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Torino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014 Sochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 PyeongChang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Beijing</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics">2026 Milano Cortina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics" title="2030 Winter Olympics">2030 French Alps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics" title="2034 Winter Olympics">2034 Salt Lake City–Utah</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="Youth_Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Summer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2010 Summer Youth Olympics">2010 Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2014 Summer Youth Olympics">2014 Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2018 Summer Youth Olympics">2018 Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2026 Summer Youth Olympics">2026 Dakar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Summer_Youth_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Summer Youth Olympics">2030</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Youth Olympic Games logo"><img alt="Youth Olympic Games logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/110px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/165px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/220px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="296" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Winter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2012 Winter Youth Olympics">2012 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2016 Winter Youth Olympics">2016 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2020 Winter Youth Olympics">2020 Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2024 Winter Youth Olympics">2024 Gangwon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2028 Winter Youth Olympics">2028</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WW1-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WW1_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WW2-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_66-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COVID2021-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID2021_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Postponed to 2021 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #BFD7FF"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span 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href="/wiki/2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2018 Summer Youth Olympics">Buenos Aires 2018</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2026 Summer Youth Olympics">Dakar 2026</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Summer_Youth_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Summer Youth Olympics">2030</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Winter Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2012 Winter Youth Olympics">Innsbruck 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2016 Winter Youth Olympics">Lillehammer 2016</a>·</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2020 Winter Youth Olympics">Lausanne 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2024 Winter Youth Olympics">Gangwon 2024</a></li> 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