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Frank Baum</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Aunt Jane's Nieces <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aunt+Jane%27s+Nieces&rft.author=%5B%5BL.+Frank+Baum%5D%5D%3Cbr%3E%28as+%22Edith+Van+Dyne%22%29&rft.date=1906&rft.pub=%5B%5BReilly+%26+Britton%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=325+pp."></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AuntJanesNieces.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/16/AuntJanesNieces.JPG/220px-AuntJanesNieces.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/16/AuntJanesNieces.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="390" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition cover design</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a><br />(as "Edith Van Dyne")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Illustrator</th><td class="infobox-data">Emile A. Nelson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Young_adult_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Young adult fiction">Young adult fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reilly_%26_Britton" title="Reilly & Britton">Reilly & Britton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1906</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (hardcover)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">325 pp.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_Abroad" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad">Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad</a> </i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Aunt Jane's Nieces</b></i> is the title of a juvenile novel published by <a href="/wiki/Reilly_%26_Britton" title="Reilly & Britton">Reilly & Britton</a> in 1906, and written by <a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a> under the pen name "<a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum#pseudonyms" title="L. Frank Baum">Edith Van Dyne</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the book was the first in a series of novels designed for adolescent girls, its title was applied to the entire series of ten books, published between 1906 and 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inception">Inception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Inception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The book and the series were designed to appeal to the same audience as <a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Women" title="Little Women">Little Women</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Men" title="Little Men">Little Men</a>.</i> This was expressly stipulated in Baum's contract with Reilly & Britton, which stated: </p> <dl><dd>Baum shall deliver to the Reilly and Britton Co. on or before March 1, 1906, the manuscript of a book for young girls on the style of the Louisa M. Alcott stories, but not so good, the authorship to be ascribed to "Ida May McFarland," or to "Ethel Lynne" or some other mythological female.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jane Merrick is a wealthy, elderly, difficult invalid woman who is preparing for her approaching death. In her youth, she inherited her money and estate from her fiancé, Thomas Bradley, who died before their wedding took place. With no children of her own, she calls for her three teenage nieces to visit her, so she can decide who will inherit her estate. They are Louise Merrick, Elizabeth De Graf, and Patsy Doyle, children of Jane's younger brother and sisters. </p><p>Louise, seventeen years old, was small when her father died after struggling and failing to succeed in business. Aunt Jane refused his request for financial assistance. He left only his life insurance money, and Louise and her mother lived cheaply on the proceeds for years. However, they developed a plan to improve their lot. They decided to spend the entire principle of their funds on a three-year spree of fancy living to gain Louise an entrance into society, with a goal of finding a suitable husband to support them. </p><p>Beth, fifteen, has two parents who can barely make ends meet, living under a tightly stretched budget. Aunt Jane refused a request for money from Beth's father just the previous year, and Beth cannot even trust him with her own money. Beth is a brooding small-town beauty, given to sullenness. </p><p>Sixteen-year-old Patsy manages and dotes on her Irish father after the death of her mother. Aunt Jane refused the only plea this sister ever made, for a loan to pay for medical care that might have saved her life. Patsy is a temperamental redhead who resents Aunt Jane's past neglect and determines to have nothing to do with the old woman's money. </p><p>The nieces visit Aunt Jane. (Patsy resists at first, but the willful Aunt Jane sends her lawyer to fetch the girl.) The three cousins display their contrasting traits: Louise, sweet but manipulative; Beth, her bluntness tinged with bitterness; and Patsy, forthright and gifted with a natural integrity. Patsy quickly takes herself out of the running for Aunt Jane's fortune, refusing to have any part of it. Yet the old woman takes a liking to the girl, precisely for her vigor, candor, and stubbornness. </p><p>Beth finds Aunt Jane distasteful, but makes friends with the servants. Louise insists on "nursing" Aunt Jane, and showers her with gushing affection that Jane finds insincere but hard to resist. Patsy, having declared she does not want the money, visits Aunt Jane's room when she wishes, with an independence which pleases the invalid considerably. </p><p>Living on the estate is Jane's dead fiancé's nephew, Kenneth Forbes, who was born long after Thomas Bradley died. As charged in the will, Jane has provided for him since his mother died eight years previously, but despises him, putting him in a room in a distant wing of the house, and never dining with him. The humiliated and neglected boy has become sullen, shy and awkward. Despite his lessons, he seems ignorant, but has nowhere else to go, as Jane will not pay for better education for him. Kenneth's only supporter is Jane's lawyer, Silas Watson, who sees glimmers of Kenneth's possibilities and tries to convince Jane to do him justice. Kenneth is beginning to show some abilities at drawing, but does not think anything of his skill. </p><p>Aunt Jane has several servants, but the most unusual is James, the gardener, who loves the flowers as much as she does. He was with Thomas Bradley when he died, which traumatized him so badly that he rarely speaks. </p><p>Aunt Jane is also visited in her final days by her long-lost older brother, the girls' Uncle John. He dresses shabbily, and is presumed to be down and out; his sister gives him a place to stay. Uncle John exhibits the honesty, kindness and good sense that are lacking in most of the family. He befriends everyone, including poor Kenneth, in whom he takes a genuine interest. </p><p>The nieces gradually learn to accommodate themselves to their contrasting personalities. An incident electrifies the family: Beth and Louise have routinely been teasing Kenneth, causing him to flee the house via a plank stretched from the rooftop to a tree. When Patsy comes to see him about a horse, he runs for his escape, but falls off the edge. In full view of her aunt, she heroically pulls him up and saves him, but loses her balance and falls to the ground, breaking a leg. </p><p>This accident brings the young people together, breaking down the barriers between them. Kenneth learns to socialize with the girls and overcome his shyness, and the nieces begin to enjoy each other's company. Kenneth receives a mysterious gift of drawing materials, and begins to show his work to the girls. However, Jane's health continues to deteriorate, and she decides to make a will leaving the bulk of the estate to Patsy. Patsy refuses, and insists Jane should leave the estate to Kenneth. After fighting over this for many days, Jane pretends to give in to Patsy, but secretly invalidates the new will. </p><p>A short while later Jane passes away in the garden, and poor gardener James is the unlucky one who finds her. He runs shrieking away, to hide in his room for days. </p><p>The inheritance drama comes to a head over not one last will and testament, but three. After the funeral, Silas Watson opens the envelope containing the last will, and discovers that Jane has torn off the signatures and voided it. Her previous will, leaving the estate to Patsy with token amounts to the others, comes into effect. Patsy pledges to give the estate to Kenneth when she comes of age, and to increase her cousin's cash portions. </p><p>The group is suddenly called to James' room, where he lies dying after being kicked by a horse. This has shocked him into his right mind for the first time since Thomas Bradley's death years ago. He tells them about the accident, and how he drew the grievously injured man from the wreck. He explains that "Master Tom" demanded paper to make out a new will. The conductor and James both signed it to make it legal. However, the dying James does not recognize the people around him, who look so old to his now-young brain, and refuses to give them the will. He dies, and Watson and Uncle John search the room and find it. In the hasty will, Thomas bequeathed to Jane the use of his estate during her lifetime, after which it should revert to his sister and her descendants. In other words, Jane had no ability to will anything to anyone, and Kenneth is the sole rightful heir. </p><p>When this is announced, the group is shocked. There are no cash bequests to anyone – the fortune is all Kenneth's. The girls decide to go home; since Uncle John seems homeless, Patsy invites him to move in with her and her father. </p><p>Back in New York, Uncle John is quietly bemused by their poor apartment and his bed on the sofa. When they leave for work, he slips into an uptown banker's office where he meets with important people who treat him deferentially. After a week, Patsy receives her first surprise from an unknown benefactor – keys to a lovely furnished apartment provided free for at least three years. When they nervously visit it, they discover it has been fitted out completely, and a maid rings the bell reporting for duty, all her wages prepaid. </p><p>While Patsy and her father retrieve their things from the old apartment, Uncle John makes a quick visit to Louise and her mother, who treat him coldly. He leaves, embarrassed, but in the distance Louise's banker neighbor points him out: "he's worth from eighty to ninety millions, at least, and controls most of the canning and tin-plate industries of America."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Patsy is concerned about the apartment, but Uncle John says, "There is nothing too good for a brave, honest girl who's [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] heart is in the right place."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, Patsy reports for work and is told she's been fired. When she returns home, she finds a lady waiting to tutor her, to prepare her for women's college. That afternoon, to her delight, a piano teacher arrives. In the meantime, her father is informed that his firm's bankers would like to employ him, in a job that requires very few hours and pays a generous sum. Days later, he encounters Uncle John at the bank conducting his business, and learns the truth. At home, John points out that they all assumed he was poor, and he simply did not correct them. He promises to give the use of substantial money to both of the other girls' families, which can then be left to the nieces, so that they will not be in need. </p><p>Uncle John asks if he can continue to stay with Patsy and her father. She says, "I never meant to part with you, when I thought you poor, and I'll not desert you now that I know you're rich." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel "is genuinely original and interesting. It focuses on three adolescent girls, two of whom combine basic good character with ugly traits not usually found in fiction for young girls. Baum starts with a trite situation that could occasion prosy moralizing...and gives it several original twists."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_series">The series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rest of the novels in the series feature travel, adventures, accidents, a kidnapping and rescue, romances, and a marriage for Louise. The final novel, <i>Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross,</i> was originally published in 1915, when the United States was still neutral in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>; the nieces treat the wounded of both sides, and express the hope that the War will soon be over. The publisher issued a revised edition in 1918, with a darker treatment of the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Aunt Jane's Nieces,</i> 1906 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_Abroad" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad">Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad</a>,</i> 1907<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_at_Millville" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces at Millville">Aunt Jane's Nieces at Millville</a>,</i> 1908 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_at_Work" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work">Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work</a>,</i> 1909 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_in_Society" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces in Society">Aunt Jane's Nieces in Society</a>,</i> 1910 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_and_Uncle_John" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John">Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John</a>,</i> 1911 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_on_Vacation" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation">Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation</a>,</i> 1912 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_on_the_Ranch" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces on the Ranch">Aunt Jane's Nieces on the Ranch</a></i>, 1913</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_Out_West" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces Out West">Aunt Jane's Nieces Out West</a></i>, 1914 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_in_the_Red_Cross" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross">Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross</a>,</i> 1915/1918 (2006)</li></ul> <p>In the original editions, each book had a cover illustration and a <a href="/wiki/Book_frontispiece" title="Book frontispiece">frontispiece</a>. The first eight volumes in the series were illustrated by Emile A. Nelson, and the ninth by James McCracken. The tenth was illustrated by Norman P. Hall, who had contributed one picture to Baum's 1901 collection <i><a href="/wiki/American_Fairy_Tales" title="American Fairy Tales">American Fairy Tales</a></i>. </p><p>(The Edith Van Dyne pseudonym was also used for other Baum works, the two <i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Girl" title="The Flying Girl">Flying Girl</a></i> books of 1911–12, and his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bluebird_Books" title="The Bluebird Books">Mary Louise</a></i> stories of 1916–20.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_success">Popular success</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Popular success"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In their era, the <i>Aunt Jane's Nieces</i> books were as successful with their target audience as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">the Oz books</a> were with younger children. In 1911 the six titles then in print sold 22,569 copies.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, toward the end of Baum's life they outsold the Oz books. (The books were popular as grammar-school graduation gifts for girls.) After the 1920s the books were largely forgotten for the rest of the century, except for Baum enthusiasts and a small but growing coterie of Baum scholars. By the turn of the 21st century, however, the trend of re-evaluation and re-publication of Baum's works reached the series: nine of the ten books were reprinted between 2005 and 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Edith Van Dyne," <i>Aunt Jane's Nieces</i>, Chicago, Reilly & Britton, 1906.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Angelica Shirley Carpenter and Jean Shirley, <i>L. Frank Baum: Royal Historian of Oz</i>, Minneapolis, Lerner Publications, 1992; pp. 80-2 and ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter and Shirley, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aunt Jane's Nieces</i>, Chapter 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aunt Jane's Nieces</i>, Chapter 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katherine M. Rogers, <i>L. Frank Baum, Creator of Oz: A Biography</i>, New York, St. Martin's Press, 2002; p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter and Shirley, pp. 115-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The second book was printed with the mistaken date of "1906," causing confusion in Baum's bibliography. Rogers, pp. 143-4 and 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rogers, p. 184.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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Frank Baum bibliography">Bibliography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magical_Monarch_of_Mo" title="The Magical Monarch of Mo">The Magical Monarch of Mo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dot_and_Tot_of_Merryland" title="Dot and Tot of Merryland">Dot and Tot of Merryland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_Key_(Baum_novel)" title="The Master Key (Baum novel)">The Master Key</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_and_Adventures_of_Santa_Claus" title="The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus">The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanted_Island_of_Yew" title="The Enchanted Island of Yew">The Enchanted Island of Yew</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="The Marvelous Land of Oz">The Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Zixi_of_Ix" title="Queen Zixi of Ix">Queen Zixi of Ix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fate_of_a_Crown" title="The Fate of a Crown">The Fate of a Crown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woggle-Bug_Book" title="The Woggle-Bug Book">The Woggle-Bug Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annabel_(Baum_novel)" title="Annabel (Baum novel)">Annabel</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aunt Jane's Nieces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_Abroad" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad">Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Destiny_(novel)" title="Daughters of Destiny (novel)">Daughters of Destiny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sam_Steele%27s_Adventures_on_Land_and_Sea" title="Sam Steele's Adventures on Land and Sea">Sam Steele's Adventures on Land and Sea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twinkle_Tales" title="The Twinkle Tales">The Twinkle Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Dough_and_the_Cherub" title="John Dough and the Cherub">John Dough and the Cherub</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ozma_of_Oz" title="Ozma of Oz">Ozma of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Policeman_Bluejay" title="Policeman Bluejay">Policeman Bluejay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Egyptian" title="The Last Egyptian">The Last Egyptian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Fortune_Hunters" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Fortune Hunters">The Boy Fortune Hunters in Egypt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_and_the_Wizard_in_Oz" title="Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz">Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_at_Millville" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces at Millville">Aunt Jane's Nieces at Millville</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_at_Work" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work">Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Oz" title="The Road to Oz">The Road to Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_in_Society" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces in Society">Aunt Jane's Nieces in Society</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emerald_City_of_Oz" title="The Emerald City of Oz">The Emerald City of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_and_Uncle_John" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John">Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daring_Twins" title="The Daring Twins">The Daring Twins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Girl" title="The Flying Girl">The Flying Girl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Fairies" title="The Sea Fairies">The Sea Fairies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_on_Vacation" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation">Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Daring" title="Phoebe Daring">Phoebe Daring</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sky_Island" title="Sky Island">Sky Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_on_the_Ranch" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces on the Ranch">Aunt Jane's Nieces on the Ranch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Patchwork_Girl_of_Oz" title="The Patchwork Girl of Oz">The Patchwork Girl of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_Out_West" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces Out West">Aunt Jane's Nieces Out West</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tik-Tok_of_Oz" title="Tik-Tok of Oz">Tik-Tok of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_in_the_Red_Cross" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross">Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarecrow_of_Oz" title="The Scarecrow of Oz">The Scarecrow of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Louise (novel)">Mary Louise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rinkitink_in_Oz" title="Rinkitink in Oz">Rinkitink in Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Princess_of_Oz" title="The Lost Princess of Oz">The Lost Princess of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Woodman_of_Oz" title="The Tin Woodman of Oz">The Tin Woodman of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_of_Oz" title="The Magic of Oz">The Magic of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glinda_of_Oz" title="Glinda of Oz">Glinda of Oz</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story<br /> collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Goose_in_Prose" title="Mother Goose in Prose">Mother Goose in Prose</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Fairy_Tales" title="American Fairy Tales">American Fairy Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queer_Visitors_from_the_Marvelous_Land_of_Oz" title="Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz">Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Fairy_Tales" title="Animal Fairy Tales">Animal Fairy Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum%27s_Juvenile_Speaker" title="L. Frank Baum's Juvenile Speaker">L. Frank Baum's Juvenile Speaker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Wizard_Stories_of_Oz" title="Little Wizard Stories of Oz">Little Wizard Stories of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Runaway_Shadows" title="The Runaway Shadows">The Runaway Shadows</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry<br /> collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/By_the_Candelabra%27s_Glare" title="By the Candelabra's Glare">By the Candelabra's Glare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Father_Goose:_His_Book" title="Father Goose: His Book">Father Goose: His Book</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plays_of_L._Frank_Baum" title="Plays of L. Frank Baum">Plays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Maid_of_Arran" title="The Maid of Arran">The Maid of Arran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1902_musical)" title="The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Silverwings" title="Prince Silverwings">Prince Silverwings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woggle-Bug_(musical)" title="The Woggle-Bug (musical)">The Woggle-Bug</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tik-Tok_Man_of_Oz" title="The Tik-Tok Man of Oz">The Tik-Tok Man of Oz</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Wizard_of_Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fairylogue_and_Radio-Plays" title="The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays">The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Patchwork_Girl_of_Oz_(1914_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1914 film)">The Patchwork Girl of Oz</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Cloak_of_Oz" title="The Magic Cloak of Oz">The Magic Cloak of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty,_the_Scarecrow_of_Oz" title="His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz">His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Violet%27s_Dreams" title="Violet's Dreams">Violet's Dreams</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gray_Nun_of_Belgium" title="The Gray Nun of Belgium">The Gray Nun of Belgium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people<br /> and collaborators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Gage_Baum" title="Maud Gage Baum">Maud Gage Baum</a> <small>(wife)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a> <small>(mother-in-law)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Joslyn_Baum" title="Frank Joslyn Baum">Frank Joslyn Baum</a> <small>(son)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Neal_Baum" title="Harry Neal Baum">Harry Neal Baum</a> <small>(son)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_S._Baum" title="Roger S. Baum">Roger S. Baum</a> <small>(great-grandson)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Burdick" title="Jocelyn Burdick">Jocelyn Burdick</a> <small>(niece)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tietjens" title="Paul Tietjens">Paul Tietjens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Ogden_Harrison" title="Edith Ogden Harrison">Edith Ogden Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Witmark_%26_Sons" title="M. Witmark & Sons">Isidore Witmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_F._Gottschalk" title="Louis F. Gottschalk">Louis F. Gottschalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_D._Mann" title="Nathaniel D. Mann">Nathaniel D. Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Chapin" title="Frederic Chapin">Frederic Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Klein" title="Manuel Klein">Manuel Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Pryor" title="Arthur Pryor">Arthur Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Gay" title="Byron Gay">Byron Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Hough" title="Emerson Hough">Emerson Hough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Denslow" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wallace Denslow">William Wallace Denslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Neill" title="John R. Neill">John R. Neill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dreamer_of_Oz:_The_L._Frank_Baum_Story" title="The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story">The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story</a></i> (1990 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Juvenile_series_books_(1899–1929)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Early_Juvenile_Series" title="Template:Early Juvenile Series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Early_Juvenile_Series" title="Template talk:Early Juvenile Series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_Juvenile_Series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early Juvenile Series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Juvenile_series_books_(1899–1929)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Juvenile series books (1899–1929)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Girls' books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobbsey_Twins" title="Bobbsey Twins">Bobbsey Twins</a> (1904–1979)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aunt Jane's Nieces</a> (1906–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Dale" title="Dorothy Dale">Dorothy Dale</a> (1908–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Harlowe" title="Grace Harlowe">Grace Harlowe</a> (1910–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Fire_Girls_(novel_series)" title="Camp Fire Girls (novel series)">Camp Fire Girls</a> (1912?–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bluebird_Books" title="The Bluebird Books">The Bluebird Books</a> (1916–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Dean" title="Marjorie Dean">Marjorie Dean</a> (1917–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Gordon" title="Betty Gordon">Betty Gordon</a> (1920–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Bunch" title="Honey Bunch">Honey Bunch</a> (1920–1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boys' books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Boys" title="Rover Boys">Rover Boys</a> (1899–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobbsey_Twins" title="Bobbsey Twins">Bobbsey Twins</a> (1904–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Boys" title="Motor Boys">Motor Boys</a> (1906–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Fortune_Hunters" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Fortune Hunters">Boy Fortune Hunters</a> (1908–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Boys" title="Submarine Boys">Submarine Boys</a> (1909–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Swift" title="Tom Swift">Tom Swift</a> (1910–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Boat_Boys" title="Motor Boat Boys">Motor Boat Boys</a> (1912–1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Joe" title="Baseball Joe">Baseball Joe</a> (1912–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Dashaway" title="Dave Dashaway">Dave Dashaway</a> (1913-1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Saddle_Boys" title="The Saddle Boys">The Saddle Boys</a> (1913-1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Boys" title="Radio Boys">Radio Boys</a> (1922–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pee-Wee_Harris" title="Pee-Wee Harris">Pee-Wee Harris</a> (1922–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Sturdy" title="Don Sturdy">Don Sturdy</a> (1925–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba,_the_Jungle_Boy" title="Bomba, the Jungle Boy">Bomba, the Jungle Boy</a> (1926–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Bar_X_Boys" title="X Bar X Boys">X Bar X Boys</a> (1926–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Scott_Flying_Stories" title="Ted Scott Flying Stories">Ted Scott Flying Stories</a> (1927–1935)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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