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id="toc-Origins_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1947–1984" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1947–1984"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1947–1984</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1947–1984-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1984–1999" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1984–1999"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1984–1999</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1984–1999-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2000–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_affiliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_affiliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Party affiliation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_affiliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_framework_and_position_of_Prime_Minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_framework_and_position_of_Prime_Minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Constitutional framework and position of Prime Minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_framework_and_position_of_Prime_Minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appointment,_tenure_and_removal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment,_tenure_and_removal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Appointment, tenure and removal</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Appointment,_tenure_and_removal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Appointment, tenure and removal subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Appointment,_tenure_and_removal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eligibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eligibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Eligibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eligibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oaths_of_office_and_secrecy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oaths_of_office_and_secrecy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Oaths of office and secrecy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oaths_of_office_and_secrecy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure_and_removal_from_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure_and_removal_from_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tenure and removal from office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure_and_removal_from_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_and_power_of_the_prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_and_power_of_the_prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Role and power of the prime minister</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Role_and_power_of_the_prime_minister-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Role and power of the prime minister subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Role_and_power_of_the_prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Executive powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_appointment_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_appointment_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Administrative and appointment powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_appointment_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Legislative powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages_of_the_Prime_Minister's_Office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages_of_the_Prime_Minister's_Office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Languages of the Prime Minister's Office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages_of_the_Prime_Minister's_Office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compensation_and_benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compensation_and_benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Compensation and benefits</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Compensation_and_benefits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Compensation and benefits subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Compensation_and_benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Travel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-premiership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-premiership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Post-premiership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-premiership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-premiership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-premiership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Commemoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_ministerial_funds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_ministerial_funds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Prime ministerial funds</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_ministerial_funds-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prime ministerial funds subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_ministerial_funds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Defence_Fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Defence_Fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>National Defence Fund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Defence_Fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister's_National_Relief_Fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister's_National_Relief_Fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Prime Minister's National Relief Fund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister's_National_Relief_Fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister's_Citizen_Assistance_and_Relief_in_Emergency_Situations_Fund_(PM_Cares_Fund)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister's_Citizen_Assistance_and_Relief_in_Emergency_Situations_Fund_(PM_Cares_Fund)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Prime Minister's Citizen Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situations Fund (PM Cares Fund)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister's_Citizen_Assistance_and_Relief_in_Emergency_Situations_Fund_(PM_Cares_Fund)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deputy_Prime_Minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy_Prime_Minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Deputy Prime Minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deputy_Prime_Minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prime Minister of India</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="رئيس وزراء الهند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس وزراء الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" title="ভাৰতৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰতৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="ভারতের প্রধানমন্ত্রী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতের প্রধানমন্ত্রী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="भारत के परधानमंत्री – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारत के परधानमंत्री" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_ministre_de_l%27%C3%8Dndia" title="Primer ministre de l'Índia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primer ministre de l'Índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edseda_vl%C3%A1dy_Indie" title="Předseda vlády Indie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předseda vlády Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prif_Weinidog_India" title="Prif Weinidog India – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prif Weinidog India" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiens_premierministre" title="Indiens premierministre – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indiens premierministre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premierminister_Indiens" title="Premierminister Indiens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Premierminister Indiens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%84%DE%AE%DE%91%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%92%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%AA" title="އިންޑިޔާގެ ބޮޑުވަޒީރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިންޑިޔާގެ ބޮޑުވަޒީރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_peaminister" title="India peaminister – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="India peaminister" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πρωθυπουργός της Ινδίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωθυπουργός της Ινδίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_ministro_de_la_India" title="Primer ministro de la India – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primer ministro de la India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efministro_de_Barato" title="Ĉefministro de Barato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefministro de Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نخست‌وزیر هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نخست‌وزیر هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_ministre_de_l%27Inde" title="Premier ministre de l'Inde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Premier ministre de l'Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC" title="인도의 총리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도의 총리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="भारत का प्रधानमन्त्री – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारत का प्रधानमन्त्री" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="ראש ממשלת הודו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראש ממשלת הודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C3%A9lan_Mahamantri_Indhiya" title="Pratélan Mahamantri Indhiya – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pratélan Mahamantri Indhiya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಭಾರತದ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಮಂತ್ರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತದ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಮಂತ್ರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთის პრემიერ-მინისტრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთის პრემიერ-მინისტრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%90%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8F%DA%A9_%D8%A4%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B1%D9%90_%D8%A7%D9%8E%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8E%D9%85" title="ہِندوستانُک ؤزیٖرِ اَعظَم – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہِندوستانُک ؤزیٖرِ اَعظَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="भारतक प्रधानमन्त्री – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारतक प्रधानमन्त्री" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Премиер на Индија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Премиер на Индија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="ഇന്ത്യൻ പ്രധാനമന്ത്രി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യൻ പ്രധാനമന്ത്രി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भारताचे पंतप्रधान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारताचे पंतप्रधान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთიშ პრემიერ-მინისტრი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდოეთიშ პრემიერ-მინისტრი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="رئيس وزرا الهند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رئيس وزرا الهند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_India" title="Perdana Menteri India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perdana Menteri India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="インドの首相 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インドの首相" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statsministeren_i_India" title="Statsministeren i India – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Statsministeren i India" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80" title="ଭାରତର ପ୍ରଧାନମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତର ପ୍ରଧାନମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="وزیر اعظم بھارت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وزیر اعظم بھارت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premierzy_Indii" title="Premierzy Indii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Premierzy Indii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro-ministro_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="Primeiro-ministro da Índia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeiro-ministro da Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Премьер-министр Индии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Премьер-министр Индии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="भारतस्य प्रधानमन्त्री – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतस्य प्रधानमन्त्री" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92" title="ඉන්දියාවේ අගමැති – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්දියාවේ අගමැති" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prime Minister of India" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intian_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri" title="Intian pääministeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intian pääministeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiens_premi%C3%A4rminister" title="Indiens premiärminister – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indiens premiärminister" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்தியப் பிரதமர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியப் பிரதமர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of government of India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of prime ministers, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">List of prime ministers of India</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Prime minister of India</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="hi-Latn">Bhārata kē Pradhānamaṁtrī</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PMO_India_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/PMO_India_Logo.svg/200px-PMO_India_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/PMO_India_Logo.svg/300px-PMO_India_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/PMO_India_Logo.svg/400px-PMO_India_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="479" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo of Prime Minister of India</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/120px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/180px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/240px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">Flag of India</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png/220px-Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png/330px-Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="398" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a><br /></div>since 26 May 2014</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Prime Minister's Office</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India#Executive" title="Government of India">Executive branch of the Indian Government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister" class="mw-redirect" title="Mister">Mr. Prime Minister</a> (informal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a> (diplomatic)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">PM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reports to</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/7,_Lok_Kalyan_Marg" title="7, Lok Kalyan Marg">7, Lok Kalyan Marg</a>, New Delhi, Delhi, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi" title="Secretariat Building, New Delhi">Secretariat Building, New Delhi</a>, Delhi, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nominator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">members</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a><br />by <a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)#Government" title="Convention (norm)">convention</a>, based on appointee's ability to <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">command confidence</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/At_His_Majesty%27s_pleasure#Derivatives" title="At His Majesty's pleasure">At the pleasure of the President</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> term is 5 years unless dissolved sooner</li><li>No term limits specified</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data">Articles 74 & 75, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precursor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Government_of_India" title="Interim Government of India">Vice President of the Executive Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">15 August 1947<span class="noprint">; 77 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1947-08-15</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>280,000</span> (US$3,400) <span style="font-size:85%;">(per month)</span><sup id="cite_ref-salary1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salary1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>3,360,000</span> (US$40,000) <span style="font-size:85%;">(Annual)</span><sup id="cite_ref-salary1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salary1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pmindia.gov.in">pmindia<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:20em; border: 4px double #D4AF37;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #FF671F; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><small><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Politics of India</span></a></small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/80px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/120px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/160px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Constitution</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Amendment of the Constitution of India">Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_structure_doctrine" title="Basic structure doctrine">Basic structure doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and<br /> Fundamental Duties of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_India" title="Judicial review in India">Judicial review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Civil_Code" title="Uniform Civil Code">Uniform Civil Code</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Government</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of India">15th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of India">14th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime Minister of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of India">14th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary of India">Cabinet secretary</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gauba" title="Rajiv Gauba">Rajiv Gauba</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_government_ministries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union government ministries of India">Ministries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Parliament</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">18th</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_Birla" title="Om Birla">Om Birla</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Vacant</i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Lok_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)">Leader of the House</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Utpal Kumar Singh</li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">Members</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Chairman</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairperson_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harivansh_Narayan_Singh" title="Harivansh Narayan Singh">Harivansh Narayan Singh</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Rajya_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)">Leader of the House</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagat_Prakash_Nadda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagat Prakash Nadda">Jagat Prakash Nadda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha">Secretary General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Chandra_Mody" title="Pramod Chandra Mody">Pramod Chandra Mody</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Cabinet Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State (India)">Minister of State</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Murugan" title="L. Murugan">L. Murugan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_India" title="Judiciary of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Law and judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law of India</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Indian_criminal_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian criminal law">Indian criminal law</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita" title="Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita">Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Nagarik_Suraksha_Sanhita" title="Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita">Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Sakshya_Act,_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Sakshya Act, 2023">Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Civil_Procedure_(India)" title="Code of Civil Procedure (India)">Code of Civil Procedure</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Justices_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Justices of India">50th</a>)</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhananjaya_Y._Chandrachud" title="Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud">Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Bar_Association_(India)" title="Supreme Court Bar Association (India)">Bar Association</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Council_of_India" title="Bar Council of India">Bar Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of India">District Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_courts_in_India" title="List of district courts in India">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram_Nyayalayas_Act,_2008" title="Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008">Gram Nyayalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of India">High Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_justices" title="List of current Indian chief justices">Chief Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_high_courts_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the high courts of India">Judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Adalat" title="Lok Adalat">Lok Adalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Panchayat">Nyaya Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendency_of_court_cases_in_India" title="Pendency of court cases in India">Pendency of court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunals_in_India" title="Tribunals in India">Other tribunals</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Ministry of Law and Justice</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Law_and_Justice" title="Minister of Law and Justice">Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_for_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney-General for India">Attorney-General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataramani" title="R. Venkataramani">R. Venkataramani</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Solicitor General of India">Solicitor General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Mehta" title="Tushar Mehta">Tushar Mehta</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Additional_Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Additional Solicitor General of India">Additional Solicitor General</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_Commission_of_India" title="Law Commission of India">Law Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Judicial_Appointments_Commission" title="National Judicial Appointments Commission">National Judicial Appointments Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legal_Services_Authority" title="National Legal Services Authority">National Legal Services Authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Elections and politics</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Chief Election Commissioner of India">Chief Election Commissioner</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Kumar_(civil_servant)" title="Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)">Rajiv Kumar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Election Commissioner of India">Election Commissioner</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyanesh_Kumar" title="Gyanesh Kumar">Gyanesh Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhbir_Singh_Sandhu" title="Sukhbir Singh Sandhu">Sukhbir Singh Sandhu</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_election_commission_(India)" title="State election commission (India)">State Election Commission</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(India)" title="Electoral College (India)">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_in_India" title="Electronic voting in India">Electronic voting</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_presidential_elections" title="List of Indian presidential elections">Presidential elections</a> </b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Indian_presidential_election" title="2022 Indian presidential election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_presidential_election" title="2017 Indian presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_presidential_election" title="2012 Indian presidential election">2012</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_vice_presidential_elections" title="List of Indian vice presidential elections">Vice Presidential elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2022 Indian vice presidential election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2017 Indian vice presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2012 Indian vice presidential election">2012</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_general_elections" title="List of Indian general elections">Lok Sabha elections</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Constituencies</a>)</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="List of Rajya Sabha elections">Rajya Sabha elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2024 Rajya Sabha elections">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2023 Rajya Sabha elections">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2022 Rajya Sabha elections">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_Assembly_elections_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="State Assembly elections in India">State Assembly elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_elections_in_India" title="2019 elections in India">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_elections_in_India" title="2020 elections in India">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_elections_in_India" title="2021 elections in India">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_elections_in_India" title="2022 elections in India">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_India" title="2023 elections in India">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_elections_in_India" title="2024 elections in India"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>National coalitions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">INDIA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India#National_parties" title="List of political parties in India">National parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India#State_parties" title="List of political parties in India">State parties</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Administrative divisions</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capitals</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State (India)">States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Union_territory_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union territory (India)">Union territories</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_divisions_in_India" title="List of divisions in India">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_subdistricts_in_India" title="List of subdistricts in India">Sub-districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Development_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Development Block">Community Development Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_India" title="List of metropolitan areas in India">Metropolitan Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Urban Agglomerations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_India" title="Federalism in India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">Executive</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_governors" title="List of current Indian governors">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor (India)">Lieutenant Governor/Administrator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_lieutenant_governors_and_administrators" title="List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian chief ministers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">Deputy Chief Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_Indian_ministries" title="Template:Current Indian ministries">Ministries</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(India)" title="State legislature (India)">Legislative</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">Speaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(India)" title="Official Opposition (India)">Official Opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_opposition_leaders" title="List of current Indian opposition leaders">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_India" title="Local government in India">Local Government</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipal Governance</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation of India">Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagar_Palika_(Municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagar Palika (Municipality)">Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Town Panchayat">Town Panchayat</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Panchayati_Raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="District Panchayat">District Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchayat_Samiti_(Block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayat Samiti (Block)">Block Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram Panchayat">Gram Panchayat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Foreign relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Cabinet Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State (India)">Minister of State</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Vardhan_Singh" title="Kirti Vardhan Singh">Kirti Vardhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabitra_Margherita" title="Pabitra Margherita">Pabitra Margherita</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(India)" title="Foreign Secretary (India)">Foreign Secretary</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinay_Mohan_Kwatra" title="Vinay Mohan Kwatra">Vinay Mohan Kwatra</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_India" title="List of diplomatic missions of India">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_India" title="List of diplomatic missions in India">in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_of_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners of India">Ambassadors and High Commissioners of India</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_to_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners to India">to India</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Citizenship_of_India" title="Overseas Citizenship of India">Overseas Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_passport" title="Indian passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_India" title="Visa policy of India">Visa policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Indian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Indian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Template:Foreign relations of India">Foreign Relations</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_Ministerial_Dialogue" title="2+2 Ministerial Dialogue">2+2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBIN" title="BBIN">BBIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">IBSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Naval_Symposium" title="Indian Ocean Naval Symposium">IONS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association">IORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">MGC</a></li> <li><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_India" title="Template:Politics of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_India" title="Template talk:Politics of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>prime minister of India</b> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>: <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Hindi language) transliteration"><i lang="hi-Latn">Bhārata kē Pradhānamaṁtrī</i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pillay-cri-pm-1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pillay-cri-pm-1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dam-1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dam-1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Council of Ministers,<sup id="cite_ref-majeed-roi-2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-majeed-roi-2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dam-3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dam-3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prime-ministers-india-2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prime-ministers-india-2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a> being the nominal head of the executive.<sup id="cite_ref-pillay-cri-pm-2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pillay-cri-pm-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-majeed-roi-1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-majeed-roi-1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dam-2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dam-2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsingh-india_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsingh-india-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prime minister has to be a member of one of the houses of bicameral <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>, alongside heading the respective house.<sup id="cite_ref-pillay-cri-pm-3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pillay-cri-pm-3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prime minister and his cabinet are at all times responsible to the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dam-4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dam-4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-majeed-roi-3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-majeed-roi-3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prime minister is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a>; however, the prime minister has to enjoy the confidence of the majority of Lok Sabha members, who are directly elected <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India#Parliamentary_general_elections_(Lok_Sabha)" title="Elections in India">every five years</a>, lest the prime minister shall resign. The prime minister can be a member of the Lok Sabha or the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, the upper house of the parliament. The prime minister controls the selection and dismissal of members of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a>; and allocation of posts to members within the government. </p><p>The longest-serving prime minister was <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, also the first prime minister, whose tenure lasted 16 years and 286 days. His premiership was followed by <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a>'s short tenure and <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>'s 11- and 4-year-long tenures, both politicians belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Indira_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi's assassination</a>, her son <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> took charge until 1989, when a decade with five unstable governments began. This was followed by the full terms of <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>. Modi is the 14th and current prime minister of India, serving since <a href="/wiki/First_swearing-in_ceremony_of_Narendra_Modi" class="mw-redirect" title="First swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi">26 May 2014</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_history">Origins and history</h2></div> <p>India follows a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> in which the prime minister is the presiding <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of the government">head of the government</a> and chief of the executive of the government. In such systems, the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, or, the head of state's official representative (i.e., the monarch, president, or <a href="/wiki/Governor-general" title="Governor-general">governor-general</a>) usually holds a purely ceremonial position and acts—on most matters—only on the advice of the prime minister. </p><p>The prime minister must become a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">member of parliament</a> within six months of beginning their tenure, if they are not one already. A prime minister is expected to work with other central ministers to ensure the passage of bills by the parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1947–1984"><span id="1947.E2.80.931984"></span>1947–1984</h3></div> <p>Since 1947, there have been 14 different prime ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-56o_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56o-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first few decades after 1947 saw the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>' (INC) near complete domination over the political map of India. India's first prime minister—<a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>—took oath on 15 August 1947. Nehru went on to serve as prime minister for 17 consecutive years, winning four <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">general elections</a> in the process. His tenure ended in May 1964, on his death.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of Nehru, <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a>—a former <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">home minister</a> and a leader of the Congress party—ascended to the position of prime minister. Shastri's tenure saw the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a>. Shashtri subsequently died of a reported heart attack in <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>, after signing the <a href="/wiki/Tashkent_Declaration" title="Tashkent Declaration">Tashkent Declaration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Shastri, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>—Nehru's daughter—was elected as the country's third prime minister. The first—and to date, the only—woman to hold the post, Indira's first term in office lasted 11 years, in which she took steps such as <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_India#Nationalisation_in_the_1960s" title="Banking in India">nationalisation of banks</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> end of <a href="/wiki/Privy_Purse_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Purse in India">allowances</a> and political posts, which were received by members of the royal families of the erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Empire">British Indian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Interpretation_Act_1889_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interpretation_Act_1889-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, events such as the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the establishment of a sovereign <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accession of <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> to India, through a <a href="/wiki/1975_Sikkimese_monarchy_referendum" title="1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum">referendum</a> in 1975;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and India's <a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">first nuclear test</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pokhran" title="Pokhran">Pokhran</a> occurred during Indira's first term. In 1975, amid growing unrest and a court order declaring Indira's election to the Lok Sabha void, President <a href="/wiki/Fakhruddin_Ali_Ahmed" title="Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed">Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed</a>—on Indira's advice—imposed a <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">state of emergency</a>, therefore bestowing the government with the power to <a href="/wiki/Rule_by_decree" title="Rule by decree">rule by decree</a>; this period is known for human rights violations such as mass sterilisation and the imprisonment of Indira's political opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After widespread protests, the emergency was lifted in 1977, and a <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">general election</a> was held. All of the political parties of the opposition—after the conclusion of the emergency—fought together against the Congress, under the umbrella of the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/1977_Indian_general_election" title="1977 Indian general election">general election of 1977</a>, and were successful in defeating the Congress. Subsequently, <a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a>—a former <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">deputy prime minister</a>—became the first non-Congress prime minister of India. Desai's government was composed of groups with opposite ideologies, in which unity and coordination were difficult to maintain. Ultimately, after two and a half years as PM; on 28 July 1979, Desai tendered his resignation to the president; and his government fell. Thereafter, <a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a>—a deputy prime minister in Desai's cabinet—with outside, conditional support from Congress, proved a majority in <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> and took oath as Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Congress pulled its support shortly after, and Singh had to resign; he had a tenure of 5 months, the shortest in the history of the office. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1980_Indian_general_election" title="1980 Indian general election">1980</a>, after a three-year absence, the Congress returned to power with an absolute majority. Indira Gandhi was elected prime minister a second time.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1984, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star" title="Operation Blue Star">Operation Blue Star</a>—an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> operation against <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> militants inside the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Temple" title="Golden Temple">Golden Temple</a>, the most sacred site in Sikhism—was conducted, resulting in reportedly thousands of deaths, both of the militants and civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In revenge, on 31 October of that year, Gandhi was shot dead by <a href="/wiki/Satwant_Singh" title="Satwant Singh">Satwant Singh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beant_Singh_(assassin)" title="Beant Singh (assassin)">Beant Singh</a>—two of her bodyguards—in the garden of her residence at 1, <a href="/wiki/Safdarjung_Road" title="Safdarjung Road">Safdarjung Road</a>, New Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1984–1999"><span id="1984.E2.80.931999"></span>1984–1999</h3></div> <p>After Indira, <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv</a>—her eldest son and 40 years old at the time—was sworn in on the evening of 31 October 1984, becoming the youngest person ever to hold the office of prime minister. Rajiv immediately called for a general election. In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">general election</a>, the Congress secured a <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a>, winning 401 of 552 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, the maximum number received by any party in the history of India.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a>—first <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">finance minister</a> and then later <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">defence minister</a> in Gandhi's cabinet—uncovered irregularities, in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Bofors_scandal" title="Bofors scandal">Bofors scandal</a>, during his stint at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a>; Singh was subsequently expelled from Congress and formed the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a> and—with the help of several anti-Congress parties—also formed the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (India)">National Front</a>, a coalition of many political parties.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1989_Indian_general_election" title="1989 Indian general election">general election of 1989</a>, the National Front—with outside support from the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) and the <a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)" title="Left Front (West Bengal)">Left Front</a>—came to power.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> was elected prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a tenure of less than a year, Singh and his government accepted the <a href="/wiki/Mandal_Commission" title="Mandal Commission">Mandal Commission</a>'s recommendations.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh's tenure came to an end after he ordered the arrest of BJP member <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a result, BJP withdrew its outside support to the government, V. P. Singh lost the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">vote-of-no-confidence</a> 146–320 and had to resign.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After V. P. Singh's resignation, <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> along with 64 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">members of parliament</a> (MPs) floated the <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Janata_Party_(Rashtriya)" title="Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)">Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and proved a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> with support from Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Shekhar's premiership did not last long, Congress proceeded to withdraw its support; Shekhar's government fell as a result, and <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">new elections</a> were announced.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rajiv Gandhi <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi">was assassinated</a> on the campaign trail for the <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">general election of 1991</a>, and the Congress—under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>—rode a sympathy wave to form a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>; Rao became the first PM of <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South Indian</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, India was on the brink of <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_bankruptcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>, so, Rao took steps to <a href="/wiki/Liberalise" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalise">liberalise</a> the economy, and appointed <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a>—an economist and a former <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Reserve_Bank_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Reserve Bank of India">governor of the Reserve Bank of India</a>—as finance minister.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao and Singh then took various steps to liberalise the economy,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these resulted in unprecedented economic growth in India.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His premiership, however, was also a witness to the <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">demolition of the Babri Masjid</a>, which resulted in the death of about 2,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao, however, did complete five continuous years in office, becoming the first prime minister outside of the <a href="/wiki/Nehru%E2%80%93Gandhi_family" title="Nehru–Gandhi family">Nehru—Gandhi family</a> to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the end of Rao's tenure in May 1996, the nation saw four prime ministers in a span of three years, <i><abbr title="videlicet"><a href="/wiki/Viz." title="Viz.">viz.</a></abbr></i>, two tenures of <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>; one tenure of <a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a> from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997; and one tenure of <a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a> from 21 April 1997 to 19 March 1998. The government of Prime Minister Vajpayee—elected in <a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998</a>—took some concrete steps; in May 1998—after a month in power—the government announced the <a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">conduct of five underground nuclear explosions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pokhran" title="Pokhran">Pokhran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to these tests, many <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">western countries</a>, including the United States, imposed <a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">economic sanctions</a> on India,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but, due to the support received from Russia, France, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Gulf countries</a> and some other nations, the sanctions—were largely—not considered successful.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few months later in response to the Indian nuclear tests, Pakistan also <a href="/wiki/Chagai-I" title="Chagai-I">conducted nuclear tests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given the deteriorating situation between the two countries, the governments tried to improve bilateral relations. In February 1999, India and Pakistan signed the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Declaration" title="Lahore Declaration">Lahore Declaration</a>, in which the two countries announced their intention to annul mutual enmity, increase trade and use their nuclear capabilities for peaceful purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1999, <a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> withdrew from the ruling <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Democratic Alliance (India)">National Democratic Alliance</a> (NDA) coalition;<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vajpayee's government, hence, became a <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government" title="Caretaker government">caretaker</a> one after losing a motion-of-no-confidence 269–270, this coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a> with Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/1999_Indian_general_election" title="1999 Indian general election">October 1999 general election</a>, the BJP-led NDA and its affiliated parties secured a comfortable majority in the Lok Sabha, winning 299 of 543 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000–present"><span id="2000.E2.80.93present"></span>2000–present</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:372px;max-width:372px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:191px;max-width:191px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_former_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_on_May_24,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_former_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_on_May_24%2C_2004.jpg/189px-The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_former_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_on_May_24%2C_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_former_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_on_May_24%2C_2004.jpg/284px-The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_former_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_on_May_24%2C_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_former_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_on_May_24%2C_2004.jpg/378px-The_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_with_the_former_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_on_May_24%2C_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="676" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh with the former Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee in New Delhi on May 24, 2004</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modi_at_the_69th_UN_general_assembly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Modi_at_the_69th_UN_general_assembly.jpg/175px-Modi_at_the_69th_UN_general_assembly.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Modi_at_the_69th_UN_general_assembly.jpg/263px-Modi_at_the_69th_UN_general_assembly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Modi_at_the_69th_UN_general_assembly.jpg/350px-Modi_at_the_69th_UN_general_assembly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1791" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Prime minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> addressing the 69th <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, c. 2014</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Vajpayee continued the process of economic liberalisation during his reign, resulting in economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the development of infrastructure and basic facilities, the government took several steps to improve the infrastructure of the country, such as, the <a href="/wiki/National_Highways_Development_Project" title="National Highways Development Project">National Highways Development Project</a> (NHDP) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Gram_Sadak_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana">Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana</a></i> (PMGSY; <a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a>: <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Pradhānamaṃtrī Grāma Saḍaka Yojanā</i></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> Prime Minister Rural Road Scheme),<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the development of roads. But during his reign, the <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">2002 Gujarat communal riots</a> in the state of Gujarat took place; resulting in about 2,000 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vajpayee's tenure as prime minister came to an end in May 2004, making him the first non-Congress PM to complete a full five-year tenure.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004 election</a>, the Congress emerged as the largest party in a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a>; Congress-led <a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">United Progressive Alliance</a> (UPA)—with outside support from the Left Front, the <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a> (SP) and <a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">Bahujan Samaj Party</a> (BSP) among others—proved a majority in the Lok Sabha,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Manmohan Singh was elected prime minister; becoming the first Sikh prime minister of the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his tenure, the country retained the economic momentum gained during Prime Minister Vajpayee's tenure.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from this, the government succeeded in getting the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Act,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005">National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Information_Act,_2005" title="Right to Information Act, 2005">Right to Information Act, 2005</a></i> passed in the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, the government strengthened India's relations with nations like <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russia;<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Gulf states</a>; and the United States, culminating with the ratification of <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_Civil_Nuclear_Agreement" title="India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement">India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement</a> near the end of Singh's first term.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks</a> also happened during Singh's first term in office.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">general election of 2009</a>, the mandate of UPA increased.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prime Minister Singh's second term, however, was surrounded by accusations of high-level scandals and corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh resigned as prime minister on 17 May 2014, after Congress' defeat in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">general election of 2014</a>, the BJP-led NDA got an absolute majority, winning 336 out of 543 Lok Sabha seats; the BJP itself became the first party since 1984 to get a majority in the Lok Sabha. <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>—the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Gujarat">Chief Minister of Gujarat</a>—was elected prime minister, becoming the first prime minister to have been born in an independent India.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> was re-elected as prime minister in 2019 with a bigger mandate than that of 2014. The BJP-led <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Democratic Alliance (India)">NDA</a> won 354 seats out of which <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a> secured 303 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_affiliation">Party affiliation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">List of prime ministers of India</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>PMs </th> <th><abbr title="Total years these parties held PMO">Years in PMO</abbr> </th> <th>Name(s) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Political_alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Political alliance">Alliance</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#19AAED;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6<sup id="cite_ref-56o_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56o-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>54 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a><sup id="cite_ref-56o_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56o-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">DMK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">CPI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI (M)</a> (1969–1971)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">DMK</a> (1971–1976)</li><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">AIADMK</a> (1991–1994)</li><li><a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">UPA</a> (2004–2014)</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF9933;"> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">2 </td> <td><b>16 years</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> and <b><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a> (from 1998) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#2E8B57;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3 </td> <td>2 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (India)">NF</a> (1989–1990) <a href="/wiki/United_Front_(India,_1996)" title="United Front (India, 1996)">UF</a> (1996–1998) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#1F75FE;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 </td> <td>2 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">JP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#06038D;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party_(Secular)" title="Janata Party (Secular)">Janata Party (Secular)</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 </td> <td><1 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#74C365;"> </td> <td nowrap=""><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Janata_Party_(Rashtriya)" title="Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)">Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">1 </td> <td><1 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> </td> <td>JP <p>External support from <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_framework_and_position_of_Prime_Minister">Constitutional framework and position of Prime Minister</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a> envisions a scheme of affairs in which the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a> is the head of state; in terms of Article 53 with office of the prime minister being the head of <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers of the Republic of India">Council of Ministers</a> to assist and advise the president in the discharge of their constitutional functions. To quote, Article 53, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India/Part_V" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Constitution of India/Part V">74</a> and 75 provide as under: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The executive powers of the Union shall be vested in the president and shall be exercised either directly or through subordinate officers, in accordance with the Constitution.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Article 53(1), Constitution of India</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the president who shall, in the exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Article_74_(Constitution_of_India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 74 (Constitution of India)">Article 74(1)</a>, Constitution of India</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Article 75(1), Constitution of India</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Like most <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary democracies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">president</a>'s duties are mostly <a href="/wiki/Titular_ruler" title="Titular ruler">ceremonial</a> as long as the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">constitution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a> is obeyed by the cabinet and the legislature. The prime minister of India is the head of government and has the responsibility for executive power. The president's constitutional duty is to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India/Part_V" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of India/Part V">article 60</a>. In the constitution of India, the prime minister is mentioned in only four of its articles (articles 74, 75, 78 and 366). The prime minister plays a crucial role in the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government of India</a> by enjoying majority in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appointment,_tenure_and_removal"><span id="Appointment.2C_tenure_and_removal"></span>Appointment, tenure and removal</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility">Eligibility</h3></div> <p>According to Article 84 of the Constitution of India, which sets the principle qualification for member of Parliament, and Article 75 of the Constitution of India, which sets the qualifications for the minister in the Union Council of Ministers, and the argument that the position of prime minister has been described as <i><a href="/wiki/Primus_inter_pares" title="Primus inter pares">primus inter pares</a></i> (the first among equals),<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A prime minister must: </p> <ul><li>Be a <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">citizen of India</a>.</li> <li>Be a member of the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>. If the person chosen as prime minister is neither a member of the Lok Sabha nor the Rajya Sabha at the time of selection, he must become a member of either of the houses within six months.</li> <li>Be above 25 years of age if he is a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">member of the Lok Sabha</a>, or, above 30 years of age if he is a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">member of the Rajya Sabha</a>.</li> <li>Not hold any office of profit under the government of India or the government of any state or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the said governments.</li></ul> <p>Once a candidate is elected as the prime minister, he must vacate his posts at any private or government companies and may take up the position only on completion of his term. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oaths_of_office_and_secrecy">Oaths of office and secrecy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg/220px-Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg/330px-Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg/440px-Shri_Narendra_Modi_sworn_in_as_Prime_Minister.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1352" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/First_swearing-in_ceremony_of_Narendra_Modi" class="mw-redirect" title="First swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi">First swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi</a>, 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>The prime minister is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> before entering office, the oath of office and secrecy, as per the Third Schedule of the Constitution of India. </p><p>Oath of office: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I, <name>, do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, that I will faithfully and conscientiously discharge my duties as Prime Minister for the Union and that I will do right to all manner of people in accordance with the Constitution and the law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, Third Schedule, Part I</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Oath of secrecy: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I, <name>, do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person or persons any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Prime Minister for the Union except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as such Minister.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Constitution of India, Third Schedule, Part II</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure_and_removal_from_office">Tenure and removal from office</h3></div> <p>The prime minister serves at 'the pleasure of the president', hence, a prime minister may remain in office indefinitely, so long as the president has confidence in him/her. However, a prime minister must have the confidence of Lok Sabha, the lower house of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>. </p><p>The term of a prime minister can end before the end of a Lok Sabha's term, if a <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">simple majority</a> of its members no longer have confidence in him/her, this is called a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">vote-of-no-confidence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three prime ministers, <a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:9_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> have been voted out from office this way. In addition, a prime minister can resign from office; <a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> was the first prime minister to resign while in office. </p><p>Upon ceasing to possess the requisite qualifications to be a member of Parliament subject to the <i><a href="/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act,_1951" title="Representation of the People Act, 1951">Representation of the People Act, 1951</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_and_power_of_the_prime_minister">Role and power of the prime minister</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_powers">Executive powers</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PM_India_org.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PM_India_org.png/550px-PM_India_org.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PM_India_org.png/825px-PM_India_org.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PM_India_org.png/1100px-PM_India_org.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>Agencies under the Prime Minister</figcaption></figure> <p>The prime minister leads the functioning and exercise of authority of the government of India. The president of India—subject to eligibility—invites a person who is commanding support of majority members of Lok Sabha to form the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government of India</a>—also known as the central government or Union government—at the national level and exercise its powers.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice the prime minister nominates the members of their <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">council of ministers</a> to the president.<sup id="cite_ref-cabinet_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabinet-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also works upon to decide a core group of ministers (known as the cabinet),<sup id="cite_ref-cabinet_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabinet-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as in charge of the important functions and ministries of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government of India</a>. </p><p>The prime minister is responsible for aiding and advising the president in distribution of work of the government to various ministries and offices and in terms of the <i>Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The co-ordinating work is generally allocated to the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretariat_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretariat (India)">Cabinet Secretariat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the work of the government is generally divided into various ministries, the prime minister may retain certain portfolios if he is not allocated to any member of the cabinet. </p><p>The prime minister—in consultation with the cabinet—schedules and attends the sessions of the houses of parliament and is required to answer the question from the Members of Parliament to them as the in-charge of the portfolios in the capacity as prime minister of India.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some specific ministries/department are not allocated to anyone in the cabinet but the prime minister themself. The prime minister is usually always in charge/head of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretariat_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretariat (India)">Cabinet Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointments_Committee_of_the_Cabinet" title="Appointments Committee of the Cabinet">Appointments Committee of the Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_Security" title="Cabinet Committee on Security">Cabinet Committee on Security</a></li> <li>Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">NITI Aayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Department of Atomic Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Command_Authority_(India)" title="Nuclear Command Authority (India)">Nuclear Command Authority</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:372px;max-width:372px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:175px;max-width:175px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_and_Prime_Minister_Desai_sign_the_New_Delhi_Declaration._-_NARA_-_177417.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Jimmy_Carter_and_Prime_Minister_Desai_sign_the_New_Delhi_Declaration._-_NARA_-_177417.tif/lossy-page1-173px-Jimmy_Carter_and_Prime_Minister_Desai_sign_the_New_Delhi_Declaration._-_NARA_-_177417.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Jimmy_Carter_and_Prime_Minister_Desai_sign_the_New_Delhi_Declaration._-_NARA_-_177417.tif/lossy-page1-260px-Jimmy_Carter_and_Prime_Minister_Desai_sign_the_New_Delhi_Declaration._-_NARA_-_177417.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Jimmy_Carter_and_Prime_Minister_Desai_sign_the_New_Delhi_Declaration._-_NARA_-_177417.tif/lossy-page1-346px-Jimmy_Carter_and_Prime_Minister_Desai_sign_the_New_Delhi_Declaration._-_NARA_-_177417.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2044" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">US President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> and PM <a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> signing the New Delhi declaration, 3 January 1978</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:193px;max-width:193px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_meeting_with_Narendra_Modi_in_the_Kremlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Vladimir_Putin_meeting_with_Narendra_Modi_in_the_Kremlin.jpg/191px-Vladimir_Putin_meeting_with_Narendra_Modi_in_the_Kremlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Vladimir_Putin_meeting_with_Narendra_Modi_in_the_Kremlin.jpg/287px-Vladimir_Putin_meeting_with_Narendra_Modi_in_the_Kremlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Vladimir_Putin_meeting_with_Narendra_Modi_in_the_Kremlin.jpg/382px-Vladimir_Putin_meeting_with_Narendra_Modi_in_the_Kremlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> meeting prime minister Narendra Modi in the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a>, Moscow, 24 December 2015</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The prime minister represents the country in various delegations, high level meetings and international organisations that require the attendance of the highest government office,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also addresses to the nation on various issues of national or other importance.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India/Part_V" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Constitution of India/Part V">Article 78</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, the union cabinet and the president officially communicate through the prime minister. Otherwise, the Constitution recognises the prime minister as a member of the union cabinet only outside the sphere of union cabinet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Administrative_and_appointment_powers">Administrative and appointment powers</h4></div> <p>The prime minister recommends to the president—among others—names for the appointment of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Chief Election Commissioner of India">Chief Election Commissioner of India</a> (CEC) and other <a href="/wiki/Election_Commissioners_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Election Commissioners of India">Election Commissioners of India</a> (ECs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_India" title="Comptroller and Auditor General of India">Comptroller and Auditor General of India</a> (C&AG)</li> <li>Chairperson and members of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commission" title="Union Public Service Commission">Union Public Service Commission</a> (UPSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Information_Commissioner_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Information Commissioner of India">Chief Information Commissioner of India</a> (CIC) and <a href="/wiki/Information_Commissioner_of_India" title="Information Commissioner of India">Information Commissioners of India</a></li> <li>Chairperson and members of the <a href="/wiki/Finance_commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance commission">finance commission</a> (FC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_India" title="Attorney General of India">Attorney General of India</a> (AG) and <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Solicitor General of India">Solicitor General of India</a> (SG)</li></ul> <p>As the chairperson of <a href="/wiki/Appointments_Committee_of_the_Cabinet" title="Appointments Committee of the Cabinet">Appointments Committee of the Cabinet</a> (ACC), the prime minister—on the non-binding advice of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary of India">Cabinet Secretary of India</a> led-Senior Selection Board (SSB)—decides the postings of top civil servants, such as, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary to Government of India">secretaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Additional_secretary_to_Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Additional secretary to Government of India">additional secretaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joint_secretary_to_Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint secretary to Government of India">joint secretaries</a> in the government of India.<sup id="cite_ref-Governance_in_India2_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Governance_in_India2-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, in the same capacity, the PM decides the assignments of top military personnel such as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of the Naval Staff</a> and commanders of operational and training commands.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the ACC also decides the posting of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> officers—the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Services" title="All India Services">All India Service</a> for policing, which staffs most of the higher level law enforcement positions at federal and state level—in the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government of India</a>. </p><p>Also, as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a>, the PM also exercises control over the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> (IAS),<sup id="cite_ref-Governance_in_India_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Governance_in_India-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the country's premier civil service,<sup id="cite_ref-Profile_IAS_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Profile_IAS-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:19_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which staffs most of the senior civil service positions;<sup id="cite_ref-Profile_IAS_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Profile_IAS-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:19_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB);<sup id="cite_ref-Governance_in_India23_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Governance_in_India23-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation</a> (CBI),<sup id="cite_ref-Governance_in_India23_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Governance_in_India23-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for the selection of its director, who is chosen by a committee of: (a) the prime minister, as chairperson; (b) the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">leader of the opposition</a> in Lok Sabha; and (c) the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">chief justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike most other countries, the prime minister does not have much influence over the selection of judges, that is done by a collegium of judges consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a>, four senior most <a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India">judges</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_justices" title="List of current Indian chief justices">chief justice</a>—or the senior-most judge—of the concerned <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_courts_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of high courts in India">state high court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Where_Angles_Fear_to_Tread_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Where_Angles_Fear_to_Tread-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The executive as a whole, however, has the right to send back a recommended name to the collegium for reconsideration,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this, however, is not a full Veto power, and the collegium can still put forward rejected name.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_powers">Legislative powers</h3></div> <p>The prime minister acts as the leader of the house of the chamber of parliament—generally the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>—he belongs to. In this role, the prime minister is tasked with representing the executive in the legislature, announces important legislation, and is further expected to respond to the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(India)" title="Official Opposition (India)">opposition's</a> concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 85 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Indian constitution</a> confers the president with the power to convene and end extraordinary sessions of the parliament; this power, however, is exercised only on the advice of the prime minister and their council, so in practice the prime minister does exercise some control over affairs of the parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages_of_the_Prime_Minister's_Office"><span id="Languages_of_the_Prime_Minister.27s_Office"></span>Languages of the Prime Minister's Office</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages of India</a></div> <p>The official website of the Prime Minister's Office is available in 11 Indian languages namely <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>, Bengali, Gujarati, <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Manipuri</a>), Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil and Telugu, out of the <a href="/wiki/22_official_languages_of_the_Indian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="22 official languages of the Indian Republic">22 official languages of the Indian Republic</a>, in addition to English and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eleven Indian language websites can be accessed at the following links: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/asm/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/asm/</a></li> <li>Bengali: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/bn/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/bn/</a></li> <li>Gujarati: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/gu/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/gu/</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/kn/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/kn/</a></li> <li>Marathi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/mr/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/mr/</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/ml/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/ml/</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Manipuri</a>): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/mni/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/mni/</a></li> <li>Odia: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/ory/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/ory/</a></li> <li>Punjabi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/pa/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/pa/</a></li> <li>Tamil: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/ta/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/ta/</a></li> <li>Telugu: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pmindia.gov.in/te/">http://www.pmindia.gov.in/te/</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compensation_and_benefits">Compensation and benefits</h2></div> <p>Article 75 of the Constitution of India confers the Parliament with the power to decide the remuneration and other benefits of the prime minister and other ministers are to be decided by the Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is renewed from time to time. The original remunerations for the prime minister and other ministers were specified in the Part B of the second schedule of the constitution, which was later removed by an amendment. </p><p>In 2010, the Prime Minister's Office reported that the prime minister does not receive a formal salary, only monthly allowances.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> reported that, on a <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> basis, the prime minister received an equivalent of $4106 per year. As a percentage of the country's per-capita GDP (gross domestic product), this is the lowest of all countries <i>The Economist</i> surveyed.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-salary_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salary-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Prime-ministerial pay and allowances </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>As on </th> <th>Gross amount in INR (₹) </th> <th>Gross amount in USD ($) </th></tr> <tr> <td>October 2009 </td> <td>₹100,000 </td> <td>$1,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 2010 </td> <td>₹135,000 </td> <td>$1,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 2012 </td> <td>₹160,000 </td> <td>$2,200 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Sources:<sup id="cite_ref-salary_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salary-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residence">Residence</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/7,_Lok_Kalyan_Marg" title="7, Lok Kalyan Marg">7, Lok Kalyan Marg</a>—previously called 7, Race Course Road—in New Delhi, currently serves as the official place of residence for the prime minister of India.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The residence during the tenure of Nehru, the first prime minister, was <a href="/wiki/Teen_Murti_Bhavan" title="Teen Murti Bhavan">Teen Murti Bhavan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> chose <a href="/wiki/10,_Janpath" title="10, Janpath">10, Janpath</a> as an official residence. <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> resided at <a href="/wiki/Safdarjung_Road" title="Safdarjung Road">1, Safdarjung Road</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> became the first prime minister to use 7, Lok Kalyan Marg as his residence, which was used by his successors.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travel">Travel</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_India_One_Chennai.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Air_India_One_Chennai.png/212px-Air_India_One_Chennai.png" decoding="async" width="212" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Air_India_One_Chennai.png/318px-Air_India_One_Chennai.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Air_India_One_Chennai.png/424px-Air_India_One_Chennai.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1094" /></a><figcaption>Air India One <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777-300ER" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 777-300ER">Boeing 777-300ER</a> (K7066)</figcaption></figure> <p>For ground travel, the prime minister uses a highly modified, armoured version of a <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(L405)" title="Range Rover (L405)">Range Rover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prime minister's motorcade comprises a fleet of vehicles, the core of which consists of at least three armoured <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series" title="BMW 7 Series">BMW 7 Series</a> sedans, two armoured <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(L405)" title="Range Rover (L405)">Range Rovers</a>, at least 8-10 <a href="/wiki/BMW_X5" title="BMW X5">BMW X5s</a>, six <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Fortuner" title="Toyota Fortuner">Toyota Fortuners</a>/<a href="/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser" title="Toyota Land Cruiser">Land Cruisers</a>, and at least two <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Sprinter" title="Mercedes-Benz Sprinter">Mercedes-Benz Sprinter</a> ambulances. </p><p>For air travel, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777-300ER" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 777-300ER">Boeing 777-300ERs</a> designated by the call sign <a href="/wiki/Air_India_One" title="Air India One">Air India One</a> (AI-1 or AIC001) and maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> are used.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several helicopters, such as <a href="/wiki/Mi-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi-8">Mi-8</a>, used for carrying the prime minister over short distances. These aircraft are operated by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection">Protection</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Varanasi_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Varanasi_%281%29.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Varanasi_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Varanasi_%281%29.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Varanasi_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Varanasi_%281%29.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_greets_people_in_Varanasi_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Armed SPG agents accompanying prime minister Narendra Modi in Varanasi, 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group</a> (SPG) is charged with protecting the sitting prime minister and their family.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The security is aided by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a> (CRPF), <a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force</a> (BSF) and the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Police" title="Delhi Police">Delhi Police</a> to provide three-rung security for the estate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office">Office</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Prime Minister's Office (India)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Prime Minister's Office</a> (PMO) acts as the principal workplace of the prime minister. The office is located at <a href="/wiki/South_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="South Block">South Block</a>, and is a 20-room complex, and has the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretariat_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretariat (India)">Cabinet Secretariat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a> adjacent to it. The office is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Principal_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India">Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India</a>, generally a former civil servant, mostly from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> (IAS) and rarely from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Foreign_Service" title="Indian Foreign Service">Indian Foreign Service</a> (IFS). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_prime_minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Spouse of the prime minister of India">Spouse of the prime minister of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_children_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of children of prime ministers of India">List of children of prime ministers of India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_and_Michelle_Obama_attend_a_dinner_hosted_by_Manmohan_Singh_and_Mrs._Gursharan_Kaur_at_the_Prime_Ministers_residence_in_New_Delhi,_Nov._7,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Barack_and_Michelle_Obama_attend_a_dinner_hosted_by_Manmohan_Singh_and_Mrs._Gursharan_Kaur_at_the_Prime_Ministers_residence_in_New_Delhi%2C_Nov._7%2C_2010.jpg/220px-Barack_and_Michelle_Obama_attend_a_dinner_hosted_by_Manmohan_Singh_and_Mrs._Gursharan_Kaur_at_the_Prime_Ministers_residence_in_New_Delhi%2C_Nov._7%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Barack_and_Michelle_Obama_attend_a_dinner_hosted_by_Manmohan_Singh_and_Mrs._Gursharan_Kaur_at_the_Prime_Ministers_residence_in_New_Delhi%2C_Nov._7%2C_2010.jpg/330px-Barack_and_Michelle_Obama_attend_a_dinner_hosted_by_Manmohan_Singh_and_Mrs._Gursharan_Kaur_at_the_Prime_Ministers_residence_in_New_Delhi%2C_Nov._7%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Barack_and_Michelle_Obama_attend_a_dinner_hosted_by_Manmohan_Singh_and_Mrs._Gursharan_Kaur_at_the_Prime_Ministers_residence_in_New_Delhi%2C_Nov._7%2C_2010.jpg/440px-Barack_and_Michelle_Obama_attend_a_dinner_hosted_by_Manmohan_Singh_and_Mrs._Gursharan_Kaur_at_the_Prime_Ministers_residence_in_New_Delhi%2C_Nov._7%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Manmohan Singh and <a href="/wiki/Gursharan_Kaur" title="Gursharan Kaur">Gursharan Kaur</a>, hosting <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a>, at their residence on 7 November 2010. Seated at the table are <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> to the left of Mrs. Obama and unseen to her right, <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a>, both from the family of former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The prime minister's spouse sometimes accompanies him/her on foreign visits. The prime minister's family is also assigned protection by the <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group</a>, though it was removed after <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group_(Amendment)_Act,_2019" title="Special Protection Group (Amendment) Act, 2019">Special Protection Group Act</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most prominent of the family of prime ministers is the <a href="/wiki/Nehru%E2%80%93Gandhi_family" title="Nehru–Gandhi family">Nehru–Gandhi family</a>, which has had three prime ministers, <a href="/wiki/J._L._Nehru" class="mw-redirect" title="J. L. Nehru">J. L. Nehru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many family members of former prime ministers are politicians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-premiership">Post-premiership</h2></div> <p>Former prime ministers are entitled to a bungalow,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are also entitled the same facilities as those given to a serving cabinet minister,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a fourteen-member secretarial staff, for a period of five years; reimbursement of office expenses; six domestic <a href="/wiki/Business_class" title="Business class">executive-class</a> air tickets each year; and security cover from the armed forces and police as established by law.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_119-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, former prime ministers rank seventh on the <a href="/wiki/Indian_order_of_precedence" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian order of precedence">Indian order of precedence</a>, equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister (India)">chief ministers</a> of states (within their respective states) and cabinet ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-rajyasabha_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rajyasabha-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a former <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">member of the parliament</a>, the prime minister also receives a pension after he leaves office. In 2015, a former MP receives a minimum pension of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>20,000</span> (US$240) per month, plus—if he/she served as an MP for more than five years—<span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>1,500</span> (US$18) for every year served.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (August 2020)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some prime ministers have had significant careers after their tenure, including <a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a>, who continue to be a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">Member of Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_l5kvdykuy8q9yigwizde7qg7a3bgyww"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" coords="483,350,608,374" title="Narendra Modi" alt="Narendra Modi" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" coords="399,328,530,352" title="Manmohan Singh" alt="Manmohan Singh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" coords="328,306,486,330" title="Inder Kumar Gujral" alt="Inder Kumar Gujral" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" coords="373,283,518,307" title="H. D. Deve Gowda" alt="H. D. Deve Gowda" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" coords="333,261,504,285" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee" alt="Atal Bihari Vajpayee" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" coords="313,239,478,263" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" alt="P. V. Narasimha Rao" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" coords="341,217,479,241" title="Chandra Shekhar" alt="Chandra Shekhar" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" coords="323,195,514,219" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh" alt="Vishwanath Pratap Singh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" coords="382,173,501,197" title="Rajiv Gandhi" alt="Rajiv Gandhi" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" coords="247,151,365,175" title="Charan Singh" alt="Charan Singh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" coords="221,128,346,152" title="Morarji Desai" alt="Morarji Desai" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" coords="246,106,378,130" title="Indira Gandhi" alt="Indira Gandhi" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" coords="186,84,351,108" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri" alt="Lal Bahadur Shastri" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" coords="164,62,309,86" title="Jawaharlal Nehru" alt="Jawaharlal Nehru" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_l5kvdykuy8q9yigwizde7qg7a3bgyww" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/l5kvdykuy8q9yigwizde7qg7a3bgyww.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Army,_Navy_%26_Air_Force_personnels,_the_three_wings_of_services,_carrying_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister,_Late_Shri_P_V_Narasimha_Rao_towards_service_aircraft_at_Palam_Airport,_New_Delhi_on_December_24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Army%2C_Navy_%26_Air_Force_personnels%2C_the_three_wings_of_services%2C_carrying_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Late_Shri_P_V_Narasimha_Rao_towards_service_aircraft_at_Palam_Airport%2C_New_Delhi_on_December_24.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Army%2C_Navy_%26_Air_Force_personnels%2C_the_three_wings_of_services%2C_carrying_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Late_Shri_P_V_Narasimha_Rao_towards_service_aircraft_at_Palam_Airport%2C_New_Delhi_on_December_24.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Army%2C_Navy_%26_Air_Force_personnels%2C_the_three_wings_of_services%2C_carrying_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Late_Shri_P_V_Narasimha_Rao_towards_service_aircraft_at_Palam_Airport%2C_New_Delhi_on_December_24.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1258" /></a><figcaption>The body of the late prime minister <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>, draped in the flag of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a>, being carried by personnel of the army, navy, and air force, at Palam Airport, Delhi, en route to <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> for cremation, 24 December 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>Prime ministers are accorded a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a>. It is customary for states and union territories to declare a <a href="/wiki/National_day_of_mourning" title="National day of mourning">day of mourning</a> on the occasion of death of any former prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of things named after prime ministers of India">List of things named after prime ministers of India</a></div> <p>Several institutions are named after prime ministers of India. The birth date of <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> is celebrated as <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day_(India)" title="Children's Day (India)">children's day</a> in India & The birth date of <a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a> is celebrated as farmer's day. Prime ministers are also commemorated on the postage stamps of several countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_ministerial_funds">Prime ministerial funds</h2></div> <p>The prime minister presides over various funds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Defence_Fund">National Defence Fund</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Fund" title="National Defence Fund">National Defence Fund</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Fund" title="National Defence Fund">National Defence Fund</a> (NDF) was set up the Indian government in 1962, in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">1962 Sino-Indian War</a>. The prime minister acts as chairperson of the fund's executive committee, while, the ministers of defence, finance and home act as the members of the executive committee, the finance minister also acts the treasurer of the committee. The secretary of the fund's executive committee is a <a href="/wiki/Joint_secretary_to_Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint secretary to Government of India">joint secretary</a> in the Prime Minister's Office, dealing with the subject of NDF.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fund—according to its website—is "entirely dependent on voluntary contributions from the public and does not get any budgetary support.". Donations to the fund are 100% tax-deductible under section 80G of the <i><a href="/wiki/Income_Tax_Act,_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Income Tax Act, 1961">Income Tax Act, 1961</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_Minister's_National_Relief_Fund"><span id="Prime_Minister.27s_National_Relief_Fund"></span>Prime Minister's National Relief Fund</h3></div> <p>The Prime Minister's National Relief Fund (PMNRF) was set up by the first prime minister of India—<a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>—in 1948, to assist displaced people from Pakistan. The fund, now, is primarily used to assist the families of those who are killed during natural disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones and flood and secondarily to reimburse medical expenses of people with chronic and deadly diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donations to the PMNRF are 100% tax-deductible under section 80G of the <i>Income Tax Act, 1961</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_Minister's_Citizen_Assistance_and_Relief_in_Emergency_Situations_Fund_(PM_Cares_Fund)"><span id="Prime_Minister.27s_Citizen_Assistance_and_Relief_in_Emergency_Situations_Fund_.28PM_Cares_Fund.29"></span>Prime Minister's Citizen Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situations Fund (PM Cares Fund)</h3></div> <p>In March 2020, after the rapid spread of the COVID - 19 virus from Wuhan to countries across the world, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> announced the formation of a special fund to deal with any kind of emergency or distress situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fund being fully voluntary without any government budgetary support, PM Modi appealed to the public to donate generously towards the fund. Following this donors from all sections of the society donated whole heartedly. Initially in FY 2019-20 the fund received Rs 3076.62 crores in just 5 days of its announcement. Initially the fund was used to procure COVID emergency products like ventilators, PPE kits for frontline workers and also funding the vaccine resaearch efforts and procurement. By FY 2020-21 the corpus of the <a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM Cares Fund</a> was around Rs 10990 crore.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deputy_Prime_Minister">Deputy Prime Minister</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister of India</a></div> <p>The post of <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">deputy prime minister of India</a> is not technically a constitutional post, nor is there any mention of it in an Act of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But historically, on various occasions, different governments have assigned one of their senior ministers as the deputy prime minister. There is neither constitutional requirement for filling the post of deputy PM, nor does the post provide any kind of special powers.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, senior cabinet ministers like the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">finance minister</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">home minister</a> are appointed as deputy prime minister. The post is considered to be the senior most in the cabinet after the prime minister and represents the government in their absence. Generally, deputy prime ministers have been appointed to strengthen the coalition governments. The first holder of this post was <a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a>, who was also the home minister in Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">List of prime ministers of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_India" title="List of presidents of India">List of presidents of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_India" title="List of vice presidents of India">List of vice presidents of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_transports_of_heads_of_state_and_government#India" title="Air transports of heads of state and government">Air transports of heads of state and government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_state_car#India" title="Official state car">Official state car</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-56o-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-56o_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-56o_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-56o_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not including <a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a> who served, twice, as acting prime minister.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em ;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-salary1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-salary1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-salary1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">as per Section 3 of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MinisterAct1952_080714.pdf">"The Salaries and Allowances of Ministers Act 1952 and the rules made thereunder"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Home Affairs">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Home+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Salaries+and+Allowances+of+Ministers+Act+1952+and+the+rules+made+thereunder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmha.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FMinisterAct1952_080714.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pillay-cri-pm-1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pillay-cri-pm-1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPillay2019" class="citation cs2">Pillay, Anashri (2019), "The Constitution of the Republic of India", in Masterman, Roger; Schütze, Robert (eds.), <i>Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 146–147, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316716731">10.1017/9781316716731</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-16781-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-16781-0"><bdi>978-1-107-16781-0</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2019019723">2019019723</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219881288">219881288</a>, <q>The head of government is the Prime Minister.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+India&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Companion+to+Comparative+Constitutional+Law&rft.pages=146-147&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316716731&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219881288%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2019019723&rft.isbn=978-1-107-16781-0&rft.aulast=Pillay&rft.aufirst=Anashri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dam-1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dam-1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDam2016" class="citation cs2">Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), <i>The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution</i>, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870489-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870489-8"><bdi>978-0-19-870489-8</bdi></a>, <q>The Prime Minister is the head of government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Executive&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+Indian+Constitution&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-870489-8&rft.aulast=Dam&rft.aufirst=Shubhankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-majeed-roi-2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-majeed-roi-2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajeed2005" class="citation cs2">Majeed, Akhtar (2005), "Republic of India", in Kincaid, John; Tarr, G. Alan (eds.), <i>Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries</i>, A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I, Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, pp. 180–207, 185, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2849-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2849-0"><bdi>0-7735-2849-0</bdi></a>, <q>...the executive authority is vested in the prime minister and in his Council of Ministers. (p. 185)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Republic+of+India&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Origins%2C+Structure%2C+and+Change+in+Federal+Countries&rft.place=Montreal+%26+Kingston&rft.series=A+Global+Dialogue+on+Federalism%2C+Volume+I&rft.pages=180-207%2C+185&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press+for+Forum+of+Federation+and+International+Association+of+Centers+for+Federal+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7735-2849-0&rft.aulast=Majeed&rft.aufirst=Akhtar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dam-3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dam-3_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDam2016" class="citation cs2">Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), <i>The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution</i>, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870489-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870489-8"><bdi>978-0-19-870489-8</bdi></a>, <q>Executive power, ordinarily, is exercised by Prime Minister.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Executive&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+Indian+Constitution&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-870489-8&rft.aulast=Dam&rft.aufirst=Shubhankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prime-ministers-india-2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prime-ministers-india-2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritannica2020" class="citation cs2">Britannica, Eds. Encycl. (20 February 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-prime-ministers-of-India-1832692">"List of prime ministers of India"</a>, <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2022</span>, <q>Effective executive power rests with the Council of Ministers, headed by the prime minister</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=List+of+prime+ministers+of+India&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2020-02-20&rft.aulast=Britannica&rft.aufirst=Eds.+Encycl.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Flist-of-prime-ministers-of-India-1832692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pillay-cri-pm-2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pillay-cri-pm-2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPillay2019" class="citation cs2">Pillay, Anashri (2019), "The Constitution of the Republic of India", in Masterman, Roger; Schütze, Robert (eds.), <i>Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 146–147, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316716731">10.1017/9781316716731</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-16781-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-16781-0"><bdi>978-1-107-16781-0</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2019019723">2019019723</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219881288">219881288</a>, <q>An elected President is the nominal head of state but exercises little power.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+India&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Companion+to+Comparative+Constitutional+Law&rft.pages=146-147&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316716731&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219881288%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2019019723&rft.isbn=978-1-107-16781-0&rft.aulast=Pillay&rft.aufirst=Anashri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-majeed-roi-1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-majeed-roi-1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajeed2005" class="citation cs2">Majeed, Akhtar (2005), "Republic of India", in Kincaid, John; Tarr, G. Alan (eds.), <i>Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries</i>, A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I, Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, pp. 180–207, 185, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2849-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2849-0"><bdi>0-7735-2849-0</bdi></a>, <q>...The president is the constitutional head. (p. 185)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Republic+of+India&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Origins%2C+Structure%2C+and+Change+in+Federal+Countries&rft.place=Montreal+%26+Kingston&rft.series=A+Global+Dialogue+on+Federalism%2C+Volume+I&rft.pages=180-207%2C+185&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press+for+Forum+of+Federation+and+International+Association+of+Centers+for+Federal+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7735-2849-0&rft.aulast=Majeed&rft.aufirst=Akhtar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dam-2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dam-2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDam2016" class="citation cs2">Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), <i>The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution</i>, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870489-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870489-8"><bdi>978-0-19-870489-8</bdi></a>, <q>The President is the head of the Union of India</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Executive&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+Indian+Constitution&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-870489-8&rft.aulast=Dam&rft.aufirst=Shubhankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsingh-india-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsingh-india_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2018" class="citation cs2">Singh, Nirvikar (2018), "Holding India Together: The Role of Institutions of Federalism", in Mishra, Ajit; Ray, Tridip (eds.), <i>Markets, Governance, and Institutions: In the Process of Economic Development</i>, Oxford University Press, pp. 300–323, 306, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-881255-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-881255-5"><bdi>978-0-19-881255-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Holding+India+Together%3A+The+Role+of+Institutions+of+Federalism&rft.btitle=Markets%2C+Governance%2C+and+Institutions%3A+In+the+Process+of+Economic+Development&rft.pages=300-323%2C+306&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-881255-5&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Nirvikar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pillay-cri-pm-3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pillay-cri-pm-3_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPillay2019" class="citation cs2">Pillay, Anashri (2019), "The Constitution of the Republic of India", in Masterman, Roger; Schütze, Robert (eds.), <i>Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 146–147, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316716731">10.1017/9781316716731</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-16781-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-16781-0"><bdi>978-1-107-16781-0</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2019019723">2019019723</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219881288">219881288</a>, <q>... Like the British system, there are two houses of parliament – the Lok Sabha, which has 545 members, is the main legislative body. In practice, it is the party with a majority in the Lok Sabha which elects its leader as the Prime Minister.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+India&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Companion+to+Comparative+Constitutional+Law&rft.pages=146-147&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316716731&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219881288%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2019019723&rft.isbn=978-1-107-16781-0&rft.aulast=Pillay&rft.aufirst=Anashri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dam-4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dam-4_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDam2016" class="citation cs2">Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), <i>The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution</i>, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870489-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870489-8"><bdi>978-0-19-870489-8</bdi></a>, <q>Along with his or her cabinet, the Prime Minister is responsible to the Lower House of Parliament.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Executive&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+Indian+Constitution&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-870489-8&rft.aulast=Dam&rft.aufirst=Shubhankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-majeed-roi-3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-majeed-roi-3_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajeed2005" class="citation cs2">Majeed, Akhtar (2005), "Republic of India", in Kincaid, John; Tarr, G. Alan (eds.), <i>Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries</i>, A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I, Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, pp. 180–207, 185, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2849-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2849-0"><bdi>0-7735-2849-0</bdi></a>, <q>...Both for the Union and the states, a "cabinet-type" system of parliamentary government has been instituted in which the executive is continuously responsible to the legislature. (p. 185)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Republic+of+India&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Origins%2C+Structure%2C+and+Change+in+Federal+Countries&rft.place=Montreal+%26+Kingston&rft.series=A+Global+Dialogue+on+Federalism%2C+Volume+I&rft.pages=180-207%2C+185&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press+for+Forum+of+Federation+and+International+Association+of+Centers+for+Federal+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7735-2849-0&rft.aulast=Majeed&rft.aufirst=Akhtar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XUEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32">"A Man Who, with All His Mind and Heart, Loved India"</a>. <i>Life</i>. 5 June 1964. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=A+Man+Who%2C+with+All+His+Mind+and+Heart%2C+Loved+India&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1964-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXUEEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0527.html">"India Mourning Nehru, 74, Dead of a Heart Attack; World Leaders Honor Him"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 27 May 1964. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522">1645522</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=India+Mourning+Nehru%2C+74%2C+Dead+of+a+Heart+Attack%3B+World+Leaders+Honor+Him&rft.date=1964-05-27&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1645522&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbig%2F0527.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiswas2009" class="citation web cs1">Biswas, Soutik (27 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/soutikbiswas/2009/08/was_mr_shastri_murdered.html">"Was Mr Shastri murdered?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Was+Mr+Shastri+murdered%3F&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2009-08-27&rft.aulast=Biswas&rft.aufirst=Soutik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fthereporters%2Fsoutikbiswas%2F2009%2F08%2Fwas_mr_shastri_murdered.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGranville2003" class="citation book cs1">Granville, Austin (2003). <i>Working a democratic constitution: A history of the Indian experience</i>. Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195656107" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195656107"><bdi>978-0195656107</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52992056">52992056</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Working+a+democratic+constitution%3A+A+history+of+the+Indian+experience&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52992056&rft.isbn=978-0195656107&rft.aulast=Granville&rft.aufirst=Austin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interpretation_Act_1889-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Interpretation_Act_1889_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Interpretation Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 63), s. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristophe2003" class="citation book cs1">Christophe, Jaffrelot (2003). <i>India's silent revolution: The rise of the lower castes in North India</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/C._Hurst_%26_Co." title="C. Hurst & Co.">C. Hurst & Co.</a> pp. 131–142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1850653981" title="Special:BookSources/978-1850653981"><bdi>978-1850653981</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54023168">54023168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+silent+revolution%3A+The+rise+of+the+lower+castes+in+North+India&rft.place=London&rft.pages=131-142&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54023168&rft.isbn=978-1850653981&rft.aulast=Christophe&rft.aufirst=Jaffrelot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHermannRothermund2004" class="citation book cs1">Hermann, Kulke; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyindia00kulk"><i>A History of India</i></a></span> (4th ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyindia00kulk/page/n371">359</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415329194" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415329194"><bdi>978-0415329194</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57054139">57054139</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=359&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57054139&rft.isbn=978-0415329194&rft.aulast=Hermann&rft.aufirst=Kulke&rft.au=Rothermund%2C+Dietmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryindia00kulk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid2001" class="citation book cs1">David, Reynolds (2001). <i>One world divisible: a global history since 1945</i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Norton">W. W. Norton</a>. pp. 244–247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393321081" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393321081"><bdi>978-0393321081</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46977934">46977934</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+world+divisible%3A+a+global+history+since+1945&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=244-247&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46977934&rft.isbn=978-0393321081&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Reynolds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher1978" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, James F., ed. (1978). <i>Himalayan Anthropology: The Indo-Tibetan Interface</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>: Mouton. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3110806496" title="Special:BookSources/978-3110806496"><bdi>978-3110806496</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/561996779">561996779</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himalayan+Anthropology%3A+The+Indo-Tibetan+Interface&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F561996779&rft.isbn=978-3110806496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmma2001" class="citation book cs1">Emma, Tarlo (2001). <i>Unsettling memories: narratives of the emergency in Delhi</i>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520231207" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520231207"><bdi>978-0520231207</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46421940">46421940</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unsettling+memories%3A+narratives+of+the+emergency+in+Delhi&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46421940&rft.isbn=978-0520231207&rft.aulast=Emma&rft.aufirst=Tarlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaitley2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Jaitley, Arun</a> (5 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-tale-of-three-emergencies-real-reason-always-different/235992/0">"A tale of three Emergencies: real reason always different"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70274541">70274541</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=A+tale+of+three+Emergencies%3A+real+reason+always+different&rft.date=2007-11-05&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70274541&rft.aulast=Jaitley&rft.aufirst=Arun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fa-tale-of-three-emergencies-real-reason-always-different%2F235992%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBueno_de_Mesquita2009" class="citation book cs1">Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce (2009). <i>Predictioneer's game: Using the logic of brazen self-interest to see and shape the future</i> (1st ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. pp. xxiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7977-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-7977-0"><bdi>978-0-8129-7977-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/290470064">290470064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Predictioneer%27s+game%3A+Using+the+logic+of+brazen+self-interest+to+see+and+shape+the+future&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=xxiii&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F290470064&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-7977-0&rft.aulast=Bueno+de+Mesquita&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanghvi2006" class="citation book cs1">Sanghvi, Vijay (2006). <i>The Congress, Indira to Sonia Gandhi</i>. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. pp. 114–122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8178353401" title="Special:BookSources/978-8178353401"><bdi>978-8178353401</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/74972515">74972515</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Congress%2C+Indira+to+Sonia+Gandhi&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=114-122&rft.pub=Kalpaz+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F74972515&rft.isbn=978-8178353401&rft.aulast=Sanghvi&rft.aufirst=Vijay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/indira-gandhi-becomes-indian-prime-minister">"Indira Gandhi becomes Indian Prime Minister – Jan 19, 1966"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV network)">History</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/A%26E_Networks" title="A&E Networks">A&E Networks</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=Indira+Gandhi+becomes+Indian+Prime+Minister+%E2%80%93+Jan+19%2C+1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Findira-gandhi-becomes-indian-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuidryKennedyZald2000" class="citation book cs1">Guidry, John A.; Kennedy, Michael D.; Zald, Mayer N. (2000). <i>Globalizations and social movements: Culture, power, and the transnational public sphere</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Arbor">Ann Arbor</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. p. 319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0472067213" title="Special:BookSources/978-0472067213"><bdi>978-0472067213</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/593248991">593248991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Globalizations+and+social+movements%3A+Culture%2C+power%2C+and+the+transnational+public+sphere&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pages=319&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F593248991&rft.isbn=978-0472067213&rft.aulast=Guidry&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Michael+D.&rft.au=Zald%2C+Mayer+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossette1989" class="citation news cs1">Crossette, Barbara (6 January 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/06/world/india-hangs-two-sikhs-convicted-in-assassination-of-indira-gandhi.html">"India Hangs Two Sikhs Convicted in Assassination of Indira Gandhi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522">1645522</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=India+Hangs+Two+Sikhs+Convicted+in+Assassination+of+Indira+Gandhi&rft.date=1989-01-06&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1645522&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Crossette&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F01%2F06%2Fworld%2Findia-hangs-two-sikhs-convicted-in-assassination-of-indira-gandhi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/29/newsid_3314000/3314987.stm">"1984: Rajiv Gandhi wins landslide election victory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1984%3A+Rajiv+Gandhi+wins+landslide+election+victory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fdecember%2F29%2Fnewsid_3314000%2F3314987.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19841231&id=sTdTAAAAIBAJ&pg=3454,6835384&hl=en">"Rajiv Gandhi takes oath as India's Prime Minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Rajiv+Gandhi+takes+oath+as+India%27s+Prime+Minister&rft.date=1984-12-31&rft.issn=0745-4724&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D336%26dat%3D19841231%26id%3DsTdTAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3454%2C6835384%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossette1988" class="citation news cs1">Crossette, Barbara (18 September 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/18/world/new-opposition-front-in-india-stages-lively-rally.html?scp=1&sq=%22v%20p%20singh%22%20%22jan%20morcha%22&st=cse">"New Opposition Front in India Stages Lively Rally"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522">1645522</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Opposition+Front+in+India+Stages+Lively+Rally&rft.date=1988-09-18&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1645522&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Crossette&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F09%2F18%2Fworld%2Fnew-opposition-front-in-india-stages-lively-rally.html%3Fscp%3D1%26sq%3D%2522v%2520p%2520singh%2522%2520%2522jan%2520morcha%2522%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossette1989" class="citation news cs1">Crossette, Barbara (2 December 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/02/world/indian-opposition-chooses-a-premier.html?scp=14&sq=%22v%20p%20singh%22&st=cse">"Indian opposition chooses a premier"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522">1645522</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Indian+opposition+chooses+a+premier&rft.date=1989-12-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1645522&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Crossette&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F12%2F02%2Fworld%2Findian-opposition-chooses-a-premier.html%3Fscp%3D14%26sq%3D%2522v%2520p%2520singh%2522%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalhotra2015" class="citation news cs1">Malhotra, Inder (23 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/mandal-vs-mandir/">"Mandal vs Mandir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Express_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express Group">Indian Express Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70274541">70274541</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Mandal+vs+Mandir&rft.date=2015-03-23&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70274541&rft.aulast=Malhotra&rft.aufirst=Inder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fopinion%2Fcolumns%2Fmandal-vs-mandir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossette1990" class="citation news cs1">Crossette, Barbara (30 October 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/30/world/india-ready-to-bar-hindu-move-today.html">"India ready to bar Hindu move today"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522">1645522</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=India+ready+to+bar+Hindu+move+today&rft.date=1990-10-30&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1645522&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Crossette&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F10%2F30%2Fworld%2Findia-ready-to-bar-hindu-move-today.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossette1990" class="citation news cs1">Crossette, Barbara (8 November 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/08/world/india-s-cabinet-falls-as-premier-loses-confidence-vote-by-142-346-and-quits.html?sec=travel&pagewanted=all">"India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142–346, and Quits"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522">1645522</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prime+Minister+of+India%2C+Government+of+India&rft.atitle=National+Defence+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmindia.gov.in%2Fen%2Fnational-defence-fund%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_129-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_129-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeebiz.com/personal-finance/news-heres-how-you-can-avail-tax-deduction-under-section-80g-34774">"Here's how you can avail tax deduction under Section 80G"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Zee_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Zee Business">Zee Business</a></i>. 10 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(13 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/of-deputy-chief-ministers-and-the-constitution/article3632410.ece">"Of Deputy Chief Ministers and the Constitution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu_Group" title="The Hindu Group">The Hindu Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13119119">13119119</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Of+Deputy+Chief+Ministers+and+the+Constitution&rft.date=2012-07-13&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13119119&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Rajendran&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fof-deputy-chief-ministers-and-the-constitution%2Farticle3632410.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" class="extiw" title="commons:Prime Minister of India"><span style="font-style:italic; 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P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_V._P._Singh" title="Premiership of V. P. Singh">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Premiership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Incumbent)</span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/31px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/63px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of things named after prime ministers of India">Things named after prime ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of things named after Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of things named after Indira Gandhi">Indira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="List of things named after Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,_Lok_Kalyan_Marg" title="7, Lok Kalyan Marg">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of India">International trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi">Indira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_prime_minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Spouse of the prime minister of India">Spouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of children of prime ministers of India">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of nicknames of prime ministers of India">Nicknames</a></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Category:Prime ministers of India">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_ministries_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Union_ministries_of_India" title="Template:Union ministries of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Union_ministries_of_India" title="Template talk:Union ministries of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Union_ministries_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Union ministries of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_ministries_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Union_government_ministries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union government ministries of India">Government ministries of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_India" title="List of presidents of India">List</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_India" title="List of vice presidents of India">List</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of India">List</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Office</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister</a> • <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy & Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers">Chemicals and Fertilizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)">Civil Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Ministry of Communications (India)">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Co-operation" title="Ministry of Co-operation">Co-operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs">Corporate Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">Electronics and Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries_and_Public_Enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises">Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Information and Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Labour and Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)" title="Ministry of Mines (India)">Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel" title="Ministry of Steel">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles" title="Ministry of Textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region" title="Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region">Development of North Eastern Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jal_Shakti" title="Ministry of Jal Shakti">Jal Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ports,_Shipping_and_Waterways" title="Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways">Ports, Shipping and Waterways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Road Transport and Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Rural Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Housing and Urban Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Farmers%27_Welfare" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare">Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution">Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Fisheries,_Animal_Husbandry_and_Dairying" title="Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying">Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries">Food Processing Industries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy & Climate Change</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Environment, Forest and Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy">New and Renewable Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and Natural Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science, Education & Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_AYUSH" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of AYUSH">AYUSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Ministry of Earth Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(India)" title="Ministry of Education (India)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Health and Family Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Skill_Development_and_Entrepreneurship" title="Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship">Skill Development and Entrepreneurship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(India)" title="Ministry of Culture (India)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Law and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Minority Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Panchayati_Raj" title="Ministry of Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Parliamentary Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Planning_(India)" title="Ministry of Planning (India)">Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Social Justice and Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Statistics_and_Programme_Implementation" title="Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation">Statistics and Programme Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs"> Tribal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Women and Child Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_Affairs_and_Sports" title="Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports">Youth Affairs and Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)">Communications and Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Information Technology (India)">Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_Indian_Affairs" title="Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs">Overseas Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Surface_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Surface Transport">Surface Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Drinking_Water_and_Sanitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation">Drinking Water and Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources,_River_Development_and_Ganga_Rejuvenation" title="Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation">Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Poverty_Alleviation" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation">Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_and_Farmers%27_Welfare" title="Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare">Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Communications_(India)" title="Minister of Communications (India)">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Education_(India)" title="Minister of Education (India)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs">Housing and Urban Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Law_and_Justice" title="Minister of Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Railways_(India)" title="Minister of Railways (India)">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Minister of Road Transport and Highways">Road Transport and Highways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India">Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(India)" title="Defence Secretary (India)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Secretary_(India)" title="Finance Secretary (India)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(India)" title="Foreign Secretary (India)">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary_(India)" title="Home Secretary (India)">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personnel_Secretary_(India)" title="Personnel Secretary (India)">Personnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Atomic Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Biotechnology" title="Department of Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Economic_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Economic Affairs (India)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Higher_Education_(India)" title="Department of Higher Education (India)">Higher Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Official_Language" title="Department of Official Language">Official Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Department of Science and Technology (India)">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Military Affairs (India)">Military Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Promotion_of_Industry_and_Internal_Trade" title="Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade">Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Technical_Education_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Technical Education (India)">Technical Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunications" title="Department of Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Criminal_Intelligence" title="Department of Criminal Intelligence">Criminal Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thagi_and_Dakaiti_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Thagi and Dakaiti Department">Thagi and Dakaiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Government_of_India" 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id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Government_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_India" title="Federalism in India">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_List" title="Union List">Union List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_List" title="State List">State List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_List" title="Concurrent List">Concurrent List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State Emblem of India"><img alt="State Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/100px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/150px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/200px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_India" title="List of presidents of India">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_India" title="List of vice presidents of India">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Union government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime Minister</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India" title="Civil Services of India">Civil services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Services" title="All India Services">All India Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Civil_Services" title="Central Civil Services">Central Civil Services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">Secretaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(India)" title="Defence Secretary (India)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Secretary_(India)" title="Finance Secretary (India)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(India)" title="Foreign Secretary (India)">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary_(India)" title="Home Secretary (India)">Home</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_for_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney-General for India">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Solicitor General of India">Solicitor General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governors</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_governors" title="List of current Indian governors">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_lieutenant_governors_and_administrators" title="List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators">Lieutenant governors and administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief ministers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian chief ministers">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">Deputy chief ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_secretary_(India)" title="Chief secretary (India)">Chief secretaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_secretary_(India)" title="Principal secretary (India)">Principal secretaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_general_(India)" title="Advocate general (India)">Advocate generals</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Lok Sabha">Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairperson_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">Member</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha">Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(India)" title="State legislature (India)">State legislature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State legislative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State legislative councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">Speakers and Chairpersons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_opposition_leaders" title="List of current Indian opposition leaders">Leaders of the Opposition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judiciary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_justices_of_India" title="List of chief justices of India">list</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India">Sitting judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_justices" title="List of current Indian chief justices">Chief justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_high_courts_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the high courts of India">Sitting judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_India" title="District courts of India">District courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="India_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:India_topics" title="Template:India topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:India_topics" title="Template talk:India topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:India_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:India topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="India_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">India topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indian_history" title="Timeline of Indian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_India" title="List of years in India">Years</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_astronomy" title="Indian astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in India">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_history_of_India" title="Linguistic history of India">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_mathematics" title="Indian mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_metallurgy_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_paper_currency_in_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of paper currency in Indian subcontinent">Paper currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_India" title="Postage stamps and postal history of India">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_on_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of science and technology on the Indian subcontinent">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Mahajanapadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavana_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana Kingdom">Yavana Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_conquest_of_the_Indus_Valley" title="Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley">Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchon_Huns" title="Alchon Huns">Alchon Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid–Mauryan war">Seleucid–Mauryan war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_kingdoms_of_India" title="Middle kingdoms of India">Middle kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">European trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_War" title="Bengal War">Bengal War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Late modern">Late modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">1857 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India#History" title="Rail transport in India">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India_under_the_British_Raj" title="Economy of India under the British Raj">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamindar#British_era" title="Zamindar">Zamindari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1909" title="Indian Councils Act 1909">Political reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">1943 famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_India" title="Five-Year Plans of India">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Flood">White Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">Naxal Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">Smiling Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Space programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">History of India (1947–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Economic liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_India" title="Category:Geology of India">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil Parks of India">Fossil Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Plate">Indian Plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geological_Monuments_of_India" title="National Geological Monuments of India">National Geological Monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves_of_India" title="Sacred groves of India">Sacred groves of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains#India" title="Sacred mountains">Sacred mountains of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River#Sacred" title="River">Sacred rivers of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_India" title="Stones of India">Stones of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_India" title="Environment of India">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_classification_of_India" title="Biogeographic classification of India">Biogeographic classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_India" title="Climate change in India">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India" title="List of earthquakes in India">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_India" title="List of forests in India">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India" title="Protected areas of India">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries of India">sanctuaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_India" title="List of beaches in India">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_India" title="List of canals in India">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">ECZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of India">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">Highest point by states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_India" title="List of lakes of India">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_of_India" title="List of mountain passes of India">Mountain passes</a></li> <li>Plains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western coastal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_India" title="List of rivers of India">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_India" title="List of valleys in India">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_India" title="List of volcanoes in India">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of India">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest India">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast India">Southeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_India" title="Template:Borders of India">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population" title="List of towns in India by population">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_National_Importance_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of National Importance of India">National monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in India">World Heritage Sites in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India" title="Energy policy of India">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India" title="Civil Services of India">Civil Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State legislative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State legislative councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_secretary_(India)" title="Chief secretary (India)">Chief Secretaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code" title="Indian Penal Code">Penal Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental rights, principles and duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in India">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_India" title="District courts of India">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Law enforcement in India">Enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force (BSF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard (NSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force" title="Railway Protection Force">Railway Protection Force (RPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group (SPG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Police_Research_and_Development" title="Bureau of Police Research and Development">Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Revenue_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Revenue Intelligence">Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate (ED)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau (IB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency (NIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_India" title="Censorship in India">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_India" title="Democracy in India">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scandals_in_India" title="List of scandals in India">Scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_India" title="Secularism in India">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_political_participation_in_India" title="Women's political participation in India">Women in politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_India" title="List of companies of India">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSE_SENSEX" title="BSE SENSEX">BSE SENSEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIFTY_50" title="NIFTY 50">NIFTY 50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Advisory_Council" title="Economic Advisory Council">Economic Advisory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(India)" title="Central Statistics Office (India)">Central Statistical Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India">Securities and Exchange Board of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_debt_of_India" title="External debt of India">External debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_India" title="Foreign trade of India">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_India" title="Foreign direct investment in India">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves_of_India" title="Foreign-exchange reserves of India">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittances_to_India" title="Remittances to India">Remittances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidies_in_India" title="Subsidies in India">Subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_licensing_in_India" title="Industrial licensing in India">Industrial licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voluntary_Guidelines_on_Social,_Environmental_and_Economic_Responsibilities_of_Business" title="National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of Business">Voluntary guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">NITI Aayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_history_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee">Historical Forex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">Paisa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_in_India" title="Inflation in India">Inflation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_India" title="Banking in India">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_India" title="Insurance in India">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi_Commodity_Exchange" title="Multi Commodity Exchange">Multi Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_(Control)_Act,_1968" title="The Gold (Control) Act, 1968">Bullion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_black_money" title="Indian black money">Black money</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development_in_India" title="Economic development in India">Economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licence_Raj" title="Licence Raj">Licence Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schemes_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of schemes of the government of India">Government initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Numbering system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indians_by_net_worth" title="List of Indians by net worth">By net worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_India" title="Income in India">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_labour_law" title="Indian labour law">Labour law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_India" title="Pensions in India">Pensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Employees' Provident Fund Organisation">EPFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pension_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pension Scheme">NPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Provident_Fund_(India)" title="Public Provident Fund (India)">PPF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Economy of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Assam" title="Economy of Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bihar" title="Economy of Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Delhi" title="Economy of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gujarat" title="Economy of Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haryana" title="Economy of Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Economy of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jharkhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ladakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Economy of Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mizoram" title="Economy of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Odisha" title="Economy of Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Punjab,_India" title="Economy of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Rajasthan" title="Economy of Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Economy of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Telangana" title="Economy of Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttarakhand" title="Economy of Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Economy of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_West_Bengal" title="Economy of West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_India" title="Agriculture in India">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_India" title="Animal husbandry in India">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_India" title="Fishing in India">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_India" title="Chemical industry in India">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_India" title="Defence industry of India">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_India" title="Energy in India">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India" title="Electricity sector in India">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India" title="Nuclear power in India">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_industry_in_India" title="Oil and gas industry in India">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_India" title="Solar power in India">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_India" title="Wind power in India">Wind</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_and_semiconductor_manufacturing_industry_in_India" title="Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India">Electronics and semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry in India">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_India" title="Forestry in India">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_India" title="Gambling in India">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_India" title="List of hospitals in India">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_India" title="Information technology in India">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_India" title="FM broadcasting in India">FM Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_industry_in_India" title="Printing industry in India">Printing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_India" title="Mining in India">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_India" title="Coal in India">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_and_steel_industry_in_India" title="Iron and steel industry in India">Iron and Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_India" title="Pharmaceutical industry in India">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">Pulp and paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retailing_in_India" title="Retailing in India">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_India" title="Science and technology in India">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_in_India" title="Biotechnology in India">Biotechnology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_India" title="Space industry of India">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_India" title="Textile industry in India">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India" title="Transport in India">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_India" title="Aviation in India">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_India" title="Civil aviation in India">Civil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_India" title="List of ports in India">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India" title="Rail transport in India">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electricity_organisations_in_India" title="List of electricity organisations in India">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_sector_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Power sector in India">Power</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority">IRDAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">RBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEBI" class="mw-redirect" title="SEBI">SEBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_Fund_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority">PFRDA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Tribunal">NCLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Appellate_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Appellate Tribunal">NCLAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_for_Industrial_and_Financial_Reconstruction" title="Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction">BIFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Code,_2016" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016">IBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitisation_and_Reconstruction_of_Financial_Assets_and_Enforcement_of_Security_Interest_Act,_2002" title="Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002">SARFESI Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income-tax_Act,_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Income-tax Act, 1961">Income Tax Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Act,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Act, 2013">Companies Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_Regulation_Act,_1949" title="Banking Regulation Act, 1949">Banking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Act,_1938" title="Insurance Act, 1938">Insurance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">FEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Consensus" title="Mumbai Consensus">Mumbai Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Society and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_India" title="List of universities in India">Universities in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_India" title="List of medical colleges in India">Medical colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_schools_in_India" title="List of law schools in India">Law colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_education_in_India" title="Engineering education in India">Engineering colleges in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_relations_in_India" title="Ethnic relations in India">Ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_India" title="Health in India">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_life_expectancy_at_birth" title="List of Indian states by life expectancy at birth">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">Literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_India" title="Prisons in India">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issue#India" title="Social issue">Socio-economic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_India" title="Standard of living in India">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_India" title="Women in India">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_India" title="Youth in India">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_entertainment_in_India" title="Arts and entertainment in India">Arts and entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_blogosphere" title="Indian blogosphere">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_comics" title="Indian comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webcomics_in_India" title="Webcomics in India">Webcomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wine" title="Indian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_India" title="Clothing in India">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_India" title="Folklore of India">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_India" title="List of festivals in India">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_India" title="Mass media in India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_painting" title="Indian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_physical_culture" title="Indian physical culture">Physical culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_India" title="Public holidays in India">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_tallest_statues_in_India" title="List of the tallest statues in India">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_India" title="Sport in India">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India" title="Traditional games of India">Traditional</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_India" title="Template:Military of India"><abbr title="View 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/36px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(India)" title="Defence Secretary (India)">Defence Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(India)" title="National Security Advisor (India)">National Security Advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of the Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Chief of Integrated Defence Staff">Vice Chief of Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_Armed_Forces_Medical_Services_(India)" title="Director General Armed Forces Medical Services (India)">Director General Armed Forces Medical Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of serving generals of the Indian Army">Serving generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_admirals_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy">Serving admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_marshals_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of serving marshals of the Indian Air Force">Serving marshals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ministry and<br />committees/councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs" title="Department of Military Affairs">Department of Military Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Department of Defence Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Ex-servicemen_Welfare" title="Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare">Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_Security" title="Cabinet Committee on Security">Cabinet Committee on Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_on_Defence_(India)" title="Standing Committee on Defence (India)">Standing Committee on Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Planning_Committee" title="Defence Planning Committee">Defence Planning Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Command_Authority_(India)" title="Nuclear Command Authority (India)">Nuclear Command Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Integrated Defence Staff">Integrated Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">Defence Intelligence Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Joint_warfare" title="Joint warfare">Joint</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_Tri-Service_Commands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands">Integrated Theatre Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Forces Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Northern Theatre Command (India)">Northern Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Western Theatre Command (India)">Western Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Theatre_Command" title="Maritime Theatre Command">Maritime Theatre Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Cyber_Agency" title="Defence Cyber Agency">Defence Cyber Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Special_Operations_Division" title="Armed Forces Special Operations Division">Armed Forces Special Operations Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(India)" title="Central Command (India)">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(India)" title="Northern Command (India)">Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(India)" title="Southern Command (India)">Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Command_(India)" title="South Western Command (India)">South Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Command_(India)" title="Western Command (India)">Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Command" title="Army Training Command">Army Training Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Naval_Command" title="Western Naval Command">Western Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Naval_Command" title="Southern Naval Command">Southern Naval Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(India)" title="Central Air Command (India)">Central Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Air Command (India)">Eastern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Southern Air Command (India)">Southern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Air_Command" title="South Western Air Command">South Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Air_Command_(India)" title="Western Air Command (India)">Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_Command_(India)" title="Training Command (India)">Training Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_Command" title="Maintenance Command">Maintenance Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India)" title="National Cadet Corps (India)">National Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces_of_India" title="Special forces of India">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(India)" title="Territorial Army (India)">Territorial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military Academies</a></li> <li>Ranks and insignia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Army ranks and insignia of India">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard#Rank_insignia" title="Indian Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation#Ranks" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India#Ranks_and_insignia" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and Decorations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_India" title="List of military operations of India">Operations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">Battle of Asal Uttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chawinda" title="Battle of Chawinda">Battle of Chawinda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Naval_War_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971">Naval War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Air_Operations_(1971)" title="East Pakistan Air Operations (1971)">Air War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamb">Battle of Chamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trident_(1971)" title="Operation Trident (1971)">Operation <i>Trident</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus-Lilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus-Lilly">Operation <i>Cactus-Lilly</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longewala" title="Battle of Longewala">Battle of Longewala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">External <br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%932002_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" title="2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff">Operation <i>Parakram</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmish" title="2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">Balakot airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Sino-Indian border skirmish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumdorong_Chu_standoff" title="Sumdorong Chu standoff">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathu_La_and_Cho_La_clashes" title="Nathu La and Cho La clashes">Nathu La and Cho La clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_China%E2%80%93India_border_standoff" title="2017 China–India border standoff">Doklam standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" title="2020–2021 China–India skirmishes">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War">Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Maldives coup d'état attempt">Operation <i>Cactus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_airlift_of_Indians_from_Kuwait" title="1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait">Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Raahat" title="Operation Raahat">Operation <i>Raahat</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Devi_Shakti" title="Operation Devi Shakti">Operation <i>Devi Shakti</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">Indo-Myanmar border strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Annexations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Operation <i>Polo</i> (Hyderabad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Operation <i>Vijay</i> (Portuguese India - Goa, Damaon, Silvassa & Diu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Junagadh" title="Annexation of Junagadh">Junagadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" title="Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Insurgencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star" title="Operation Blue Star">Operation <i>Blue Star</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Woodrose" title="Operation Woodrose">Operation <i>Woodrose</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_operations_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir">Counter-insurgency operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">LOC surgical strike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factory_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Factory Board">Ordnance Factory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_military_missiles" title="List of Indian military missiles">Ballistic missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of equipment of the Indian Army">List of equipment of the Indian Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Indian Navy ships">Active Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of ships of the Indian Navy">Historical Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_systems_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Weapon systems of the Indian Navy">Weapon Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Future of the Indian Navy">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">Active Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_aircraft_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force">Historical Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">Aircraft Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Future of the Indian Air Force">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensuring_Secure_Seas:_Indian_Maritime_Security_Strategy" title="Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy">Indian Maritime Security Strategy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_fleet_review" title="President's fleet review">President's fleet review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Colour_Award" title="President's Colour Award">President's Colour Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Women in the Indian Armed Forces">Women in the Indian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Flag_Day" title="Armed Forces Flag Day">Armed Forces Flag Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Tribunal" title="Armed Forces Tribunal">Armed Forces Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_rank_flags" title="Indian Armed Forces rank flags">Indian Armed Forces rank flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_military_bands" title="Indian military bands">Indian military bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Jawan_Jyoti" title="Amar Jawan Jyoti">Amar Jawan Jyoti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_India" title="Category:Military of India">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Army" title="Category:Indian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Navy" title="Category:Indian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Air_Force" title="Category:Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers" title="Template:Prime ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers" title="Template talk:Prime ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">Prime ministers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime ministers<br />by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Bahamas" title="Prime Minister of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bahrain" title="Prime Minister of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Barbados" title="Prime Minister of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Bermuda" title="List of premiers of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burundi" title="Prime Minister of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cameroon" title="Prime Minister of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo">Congo (Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo (Democratic Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Prime Minister of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cuba" title="Prime Minister of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Prime Minister of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Dominica" title="Prime Minister of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_East_Timor" title="Prime Minister of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greenland" title="Prime Minister of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guyana" title="Prime Minister of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jamaica" title="Prime Minister of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lesotho" title="List of prime ministers of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Luxembourg" title="List of prime ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Madagascar" title="Prime Minister of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mongolia" title="Prime Minister of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Morocco" title="Prime Minister of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Myanmar" title="Prime Minister of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Namibia" title="Prime Minister of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Niue" title="Prime Minister of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Peru" title="Prime Minister of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rwanda" title="Prime Minister of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Samoa" title="Prime Minister of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of prime ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Principe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Senegal" title="Prime Minister of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Prime Minister of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Prime Minister of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tajikistan" title="Prime Minister of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tanzania" title="Prime Minister of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tonga" title="Prime Minister of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tuvalu" title="Prime Minister of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uganda" title="Prime Minister of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uzbekistan" title="Prime Minister of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vanuatu" title="Prime Minister of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen" title="Prime Minister of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct title</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Angola" title="Prime Minister of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Brazil" title="Prime Minister of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ghana" title="Prime Minister of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iran" title="Prime Minister of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kenya" title="Prime Minister of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malawi" title="Prime Minister of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Maldives" title="Prime Minister of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nigeria" title="Prime Minister of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines" title="Prime Minister of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Seychelles" title="Prime Minister of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Africa" title="Prime Minister of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkmenistan" title="Prime Minister of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zambia" title="Prime Minister of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zimbabwe" title="Prime Minister of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Asia" title="Template:Heads of state and government of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads<br />of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Afghanistan" title="Supreme Leader of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Armenia" title="President of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Brunei" title="List of sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_East_Timor" title="President of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">Egypt</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Supreme Leader of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iraq" title="President of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="President of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Laos" title="President of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mongolia" title="President of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Myanmar" title="President of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_Affairs_of_North_Korea" title="President of the State Affairs of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="President of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Singapore" title="President of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Sri_Lanka" title="President of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tajikistan" title="President of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkmenistan" title="President of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Uzbekistan" title="President of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Yemen" title="President of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">limited recognized states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Abkhazia" title="President of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="President of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Ossetia" title="President of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bahrain" title="Prime Minister of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Bhutan" title="List of prime ministers of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Brunei" title="Prime Minister of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_East_Timor" title="Prime Minister of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mongolia" title="Prime Minister of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Myanmar" title="Prime Minister of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tajikistan" title="Prime Minister of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkmenistan" title="President of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uzbekistan" title="Prime Minister of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen" title="Prime Minister of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">limited recognized states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader" class="extiw" title="wikt:Supreme Leader">Supreme leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Afghanistan" title="Supreme Leader of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Supreme Leader of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_(North_Korean_title)" title="Supreme Leader (North Korean title)">North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Europe–Asia border. <sup><small>2</small></sup> Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Africa–Asia border.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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