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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" version="XHTML+RDFa 1.0" xml:lang="en" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:dsv="http://purl.org/iso25964/DataSet/Versioning#" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:gbv="http://purl.org/ontology/gbv/" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:sh="http://purl.org/skos-history/" xmlns:stw="http://zbw.eu/stw/" xmlns:void="http://rdfs.org/ns/void#" xmlns:waiver="http://vocab.org/waiver/terms/" xmlns:xhv="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:zbwext="http://zbw.eu/namespaces/zbw-extensions/" lang="en" dir='ltr'> <head> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/stw/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <title>Web Services for Economics</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../styles/yui/combo.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../styles/stw.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../styles/labs.css" /> <style type="text/css"> .orange { color: #E87D00; font-size: 85%; } </style> </head> <body class="yui-skin-sam"> <div id="doc" class="yui-t2"> <div id="hd" class="yui-ge"> <div class="zbw-blue-line"></div> <div class="yui-u first"> <a href="http://www.zbw.eu"><img src="../images/zbw-labs-logo.gif" width="424" height="97" alt="Logo: ZBW Labs" /></a> </div> <div class="yui-u" id="hd-right"> <div id="lang-choise"> <input id="lang" type="hidden" value="en" /> </div> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/toc.js"></script> <div id="bd"> <div id="yui-main"> <div class="yui-b"> <div class="yui-g"> <h1>Web Services for Economics (beta)</h1> <pre><a href="#changes">Version/Change history</a></pre> <p id="intro">As the publisher of the <a href="http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/../../stw">STW Thesaurus for Economics</a>, the <a href="http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/../..">ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics</a> provides <span rel="dcterms:subject" resource="http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/19038-1">experimental</span> economics terminology and authority web services (econ-ws, formerly stw-ws) for use by humans and by machines. The services primarily aim to support resource lookup and query expansion in the context of information retrieval applications.<br /> Parts of the delivered data originate from datasets which were created by third parties and shared through open licenses (see <a href="#param_dataset">information below</a>).</p> <h2>General Concepts</h2> <p>The services follow the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REST">REST</a> design principles.</p> <p>All services uniformly support the HTTP GET method.</p> <h2>Terminology Services</h2> <h3 id="service_suggest">/suggest - Suggestions for Resources (starting with a given string)</h3> <p>Returns for a query string every matching term (alt or prefered labels, right truncated), the prefered label in the selected language and the URI, ordered by term. (For use in Javascript applications see <a href="examples/suggest.html">example</a>.)</p> <p> <em>Example:</em><br /> <a href="./suggest?query=acc">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/suggest?query=acc</a><br /> <a href="./suggest?dataset=jel&query=e2">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/suggest?dataset=jel&query=e2</a><br /> </p> <p> <em>Parameters:</em> <a href="#param_query">query</a>, <a href="#param_dataset">dataset</a>, <a href="#param_lang">lang</a>, <a href="#param_limit">limit</a>, <a href="#param_callback">callback</a> </p> <p><em>Result:</em> term, prefLabel, concept</p> <h3 id="service_synonyms">/synonyms - Alternative Terms for a Search Term (from matching labels)</h3> <p>Returns the alternative search terms, by <br/> 1. searching the given term within the preferred and alternate labels of all descriptors,<br/> 2. returning all preferred and alternate labels of these descriptors<br/> (not restricted to a certain language).<br/> (Effectively a combination of /concepts and /labels.)</p> <p>With parameter vocabs=ALL, pref- and altLabels from all matching concepts of other vocabularies (via skos:exactMatch) are included for lookup and returned terms.</p> <p> <em>Example:</em><br /> <a href="./synonyms?query=investment+policy" >http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/synonyms?query=investment+policy</a> <a href="./synonyms?query=investment+policy&vocabs=ALL" >http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/synonyms?query=investment+policy&vocabs=ALL</a> </p> <p> <em>Parameters:</em> <a href="#param_query">query</a>, <a href="#param_vocabs">vocabs</a> </p> <p><em>Result:</em> synonym</p> <h3 id="service_combined1">/combined1 - Combined Info for Retrieval Applications</h3> <p>Returns for a query string<br /> 1. concepts with matching labels (matching is done via a lucene 'or' query against every single label). Results are returned in order of descending scores. Number of results is limited to number of words or less.<br /> 2. narrower concepts of the matched concepts<br /> 3. related concepts of the matched concepts<br /> 4. prefLabels for all concepts<br /> 5. alt/hiddenLabels for all concepts<br /> Can be restricted to only one <a href="#param_relationship">relationship</a> <br /> </p> <p> <em>Example:</em><br /> <a href="./combined1?query=free+trade+zone">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/combined1?query=free+trade+zone</a><br /> <a href="./combined1?query=telework&output=json-ld">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/combined1?query=telework&output=json-ld</a> </p> <p> <em>Parameters:</em> <a href="#param_query">query</a>, <a href="#param_relationship">relationship</a>, <a href="#param_vocabs">vocabs</a> (currently stw or ALL implemented), <a href="#param_callback">callback</a>, <a href="#param_output">output</a> (RDF output available - <em>experimental</em>) </p> <p><em>Result:</em> concept, prefLabel, altLabel, hiddenLabel, narrower, related</p> <h3 id="service_mappings">/mappings - Mappings for a Concept</h3> <p>Returns all or selected mappings for a concept (or a comma-seperated list of concepts), with its preferred labels.</p> <p> <em>Example:</em><br /> <a href="./mappings?concept=http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/19218-6">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/mappings?concept=http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/19218-6</a><br /> <a href="./mappings?concept=http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/19218-6&lang=de">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/mappings?concept=http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/19218-6&lang=de</a><br /> <a href="./mappings?concept=https://d-nb.info/gnd/4291458-9&lang=de&output=html">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/mappings?concept=https://d-nb.info/gnd/4291458-9&lang=de&output=html</a><br /> </p> <p> <em>Parameters:</em> <a href="#param_concept">concept</a>, <a href="#param_lang">lang</a>, <a href="#param_vocabs">vocabs</a> (NYI, defaults to ALL), <a href="#param_output">output</a> (RDF output available - <em>experimental</em>) </p> <p><em>Result:</em> concept, prefLabel, relation, targetPrefLabel, targetConcept, target</p> <h3 id="service_concept-history">/concept-history - History of a SKOS Concept</h3> <p>Returns an RDF file about triple insertions and deletions in regard to a STW concept over multiple versions (making use of <a href="https://github.com/jneubert/skos-history" >skos-history</a>).</p> <p> <em>Example:</em> <a href="./concept-history?concept=http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/12571-4&output=turtle">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/concept-history?concept=http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/12571-4&output=turtle</a> </p> <p> <em>Parameters:</em> <a href="#param_concept">concept</a>, <a href="#param_output">output</a> (RDF only) </p> <h2><em>Deprecated Services</em></h2> <p>The following services had been designed in 2009 in approach to offer programmatic acces to STW. They have seen few practical use, and they can be easily substituted by either the /suggest service (in case of /concepts), or by access to the RDF/RDFa representation of the concept. So they may be dropped in future versions.</p> <h3 id="service_concepts">/concepts - Search for Thesaurus Concepts</h3> <p>Returns all concepts (by default of subtype zbwext:Descriptor only), where the search term matches prefLabel or altLabel.</p> <p> <em>Example:</em> <a href="./concepts?query=audit">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/concepts?query=audit</a> </p> <p> <em>Parameters:</em> <a href="#param_query">query</a>, <a href="#param_lang">lang</a> </p> <h3 id="service_narrower">/narrower - Narrower Concepts for a Concept</h3> <p>Returns the narrower concepts of the given concept (by default descriptors only), supplemented with the preferred label in English (default) or German. </p> <p> <em>Example:</em> <a href="./narrower?concept=http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/12882-1">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/narrower?concept=http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/12882-1</a> </p> <p> <em>Parameters:</em> <a href="#param_concept">concept</a>, <a href="#param_lang">lang</a> </p> <h3 id="service_labels">/labels - All Labels for a Concept</h3> <p>Returns prefLabel and altLabels of a given concept.</p> <p> <em>Example:</em> <a href="./labels?concept=http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/19160-4">http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/labels?concept=http://zbw.eu/stw/descriptor/19160-4</a> </p> <p> <em>Parameters:</em> <a href="#param_concept">concept</a>, <a href="#param_lang">lang</a> </p> <h2>Common Parameters</h2> <dl> <dt id="param_dataset">dataset</dt> <dd><dl> <dt id="dataset_stw">stw (default)</dt> <dd><a href="http://zbw.eu/stw">STW Thesaurus for Economics</a></dd>  <dt id="dataset_jel">jel</dt> <dd><a href="http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.php" >Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) Classification System</a> by <a href="http://www.aeaweb.org/index.php" >American Economic Association</a>. <a href="http://zbw.eu/beta/external_identifiers/jel">Translations</a> by Andr茅 Davids, K.U. Leuven.</dd> </dl></dd> <dt id="param_vocabs">vocabs</dt> <dd>Vocabularies to which STW is mapped. These vocabs, and partially the mappings, were contributed by third parties. Currently available are <a href="http://zbw.eu/stw/mapping/gnd" >SWD</a>, <a href="http://zbw.eu/stw/mapping/thesoz" >TheSoz</a>, <a href="http://zbw.eu/stw/mapping/agrovoc" >Agrovoc</a>, <a href="http://zbw.eu/stw/mapping/dbpedia" >DBpedia</a></dd> <dd><dl> <dt>stw (default)</dt> <dd>restrict to STW</dd> <dt>gnd</dt> <dd>restrict to GND (SWD)</dd> <dt>ALL</dt> <dd>All currently mapped vocabularies </dd> </dl></dd> <dt id="param_lang">lang</dt> <dd><dl> <dt>en (default)</dt> <dt>de</dt> </dl></dd> <dt id="param_output">output</dt> <dd>Equivalent to "Content-Type" HTTP Request Parameter (NYI). When definded, "output=" takes precedence.</dd> <dd>For some services (e.g., /combined1), tree shaped results are a better fit than the classical table-shaped results of a SPARQL SELECT query. Therefore, we add experimental support for RDF output formats (based on SPARQL CONSTRUCT) for certain services (see service documentation).</dd> <dd><dl> <dt>html</dt> <dd>returns SPARQL results as a human readable HTML page (by xml + xslt stylesheet)</dd> <dd>Content-Type: application/xml; charset=UTF-8</dd> <dt>sparql-xml</dt> <dd>returns SPARQL results in XML, according to the W3C Recommendation <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-XMLres/">SPARQL Query Results XML Format</a> <dd>Content-Type: application/sparql-results+xml</dd> <dt>sparql-json (default)</dt> <dd>returns SPARQL results in JSON, according to the W3C Note <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-json-res">Serializing SPARQL Query Results in JSON</a></dd> <dd>Content-Type: application/sparql-results+json; charset=utf-8</dd> <dt>text <em>(experimental)</em></dt> <dd>returns SPARQL results formatted as a textual table</dd> <dd>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8</dd> <dt>json-ld <em>(experimental)</em></dt> <dd>returns a RDF graph in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/">JSON-LD</a>. Available only when mentioned in service description.</dd> <dd>Content-Type: application/ld+json; charset=UTF-8</dd> <dt>turtle <em>(experimental)</em></dt> <dd>returns a RDF graph in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/">Turtle</a>. Available only when mentioned in service description.</dd> <dd>Content-Type: text/turtle</dd> <dt>n-triples <em>(experimental)</em></dt> <dd>returns a RDF graph in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/">N-Triples</a>. Available only when mentioned in service description.</dd> <dd>Content-Type: text/plain</dd> <dt>rdf-xml <em>(experimental)</em></dt> <dd>returns a RDF graph in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/">RDF/XML</a>. Available only when mentioned in service description.</dd> <dd>Content-Type: application/rdf+xml</dd> </dl></dd> <dt id="param_concept">concept</dt> <dd>URI of the Concept</dd> <dt id="param_query">query</dt> <dd>Search String, URI-escaped if necessary. If not mentioned otherwise, exact (though case-insensitive) matches are performed.</dd> <dt id="param_relationship">relationship</dt> <dd><dl> <dt>broader / narrower / related / NONE</dt> <dd>Include descriptors with skos:broader, skos:narrower, skos:related relationship to matching descriptors. (default is a combination of narrower and related. Use NONE to get no releationships at all.)</dd> </dl></dd> <dt id="param_limit">limit</dt> <dd>maximal number of results (default: 10)</dd> <dt id="param_callback">callback</dt> <dd>Name of a (Javascript) callback routine to wrap the result (only for JSON output format).</dd> </dl> <h2>Error Handling</h2> <p>In case of a server side error, HTTP response codes 5xx are returned. In case of a client side error, HTTP response code 400 ("Bad Request") and a short message are returned.</p> <h2>Implementation</h2> <p>The beta version is implemented using <a href="http://jena.apache.org/documentation/serving_data/">Fuseki</a> SPARQL server (from the Apache Jena toolkit) and a PHP wrapper. It makes use of the Jena Text component included in recent versions of Fuseki. For json-ld output, the <a href="https://github.com/lanthaler/JsonLD">JsonLD</a> library is used.</p> <p>A public <a href="http://zbw.eu/beta/sparql" >SPARQL Endpoint (http://zbw.eu/beta/sparql)</a> is available.</p> <p><a href="mailto:beta@zbw.eu?subject=[econ-ws-beta]" >Comments, queries and suggestions</a> are greatly appreciated.</p> <h2 id="changes">Changes</h2> <dl> <dt>0.75 (2024-01-25)</dt> <dd>Remove experimental datasets econ_pers and econ_corp and the service /suggest2 (which was developed specifically for these datasets)</dd> <dd>Remove examples section (which used obsolete Javascript libaries)</dd> <dt>0.74 (2023-03-01)</dt> <dd>Include altLabelNarrower and altLabelRelated in <a href="#suggest">/suggest</a></dd> <dt>0.73 (2022-12-05)</dt> <dd>Fix searches including apostroph (and similar)</dd> <dt>0.72 (2018-08-20)</dt> <dd>Remove highly experimental /assigned_descriptors service</dd> <dd>Remove examples files using defunct 3rd party graph service (mapping_graph, combined1_graph)</dd> <dt>0.71 (2016-11-03)</dt> <dd>Suggest only current corporate bodys (which have no successor).</dd> <dd>Fix bug for multi-word queries in <a href="#service_suggest2">/suggest2</a>.</dd> <dt>0.70 (2016-05-03)</dt> <dd>For RDF outputs, mark concepts found by searching in <a href="#service_combined1">/combined1</a> with zbwext:Found. (Experimental)</dd> <dd>Set jsonld option compactArrays to false.</dd> <dt>0.69 (2016-04-22)</dt> <dd>Deployment changes and refactoring (to avoid client-visible redirect).</dd> <dt>0.68 (2015-07-30)</dt> <dd>Use latest GND version (2015-05-13) for econ_pers and econ_corp.</dd> <dt>0.67 (2015-06-30)</dt> <dd>Use STW 9.0 and updated mappings.</dd> <dd>Add experimental <a href="#service_concept-history">/concept-history</a> service.</dd> <dt>0.66 (2015-01-06)</dt> <dd>Use STW 8.14.</dd> <dt>0.65 (2013-11-11)</dt> <dd>Use STW 8.12 and updated mappings, with fixed GND/SWD skos:altLabels (see v0.54 below).</dd> <dd>Fixed case-sensitivity in /suggest2 service.</dd> <dt>0.64 (2013-09-18)</dt> <dd>Add support for RDF output formats for /mappings.</dd> <dd>Add <a href="examples/mappings_graph.html">/mappings</a> and <a href="examples/combined1_graph.html">/combined1 examples</a> (with visualization of resulting RDF graphs).</dd> <dd>Fix bug in /suggest (hyphenated terms not found).</dd> <dt>0.63 (2013-08-01)</dt> <dd>Add json-ld output format (currently limited to /combined1).</dd> <dt>0.62 (2013-07-26)</dt> <dd>Add experimental support for output in RDF formats (currently limited to /combined1).</dd> <dd>Add option relationship=NONE</dd> <dd>Fix a bug in suggest (trailing space causes Data server error)</dd> <dt>0.60 (2013-07-03)</dt> <dd>Web service code refactored to clean up and to take advantage of Fuseki.</dd> <dd>The <a href="#param_output">output</a> parameter is now generally available in terminology services.</dd> <dd>Default output format has switched from "html" to "sparql-json".</dd> <dd>The defunct "match" and "score" return values of <a href="#service_combined1">/combined1</a> has been dropped.</dd> <dd>The <a href="#param_limit">limit</a> parameter has been implemented.</dd> <dt>0.55 (2013-07-01)</dt> <dd>SPARQL backend switched to <a href="http://jena.apache.org/documentation/serving_data/">Fuseki</a> (from former use of <a href="http://joseki.sourceforge.net/">Joseki</a> and <a href="http://code.google.com/p/sparqlite/">sparqlite</a>)</dd> <dt>0.54 (2012-08-27)</dt> <dd>skos:altLabels from GND/SWD removed from dataset stw_mapping because of severe problems in /synonyms service caused by <a href="https://wiki.d-nb.de/display/LDS/Dokumentation+des+Linked+Data+Services+der+DNB#comment-48761001">this</a></dd> <dt>0.53 (2012-07-24)</dt> <dd>Dataset <a href="#dataset_econ_corp">econ_corp</a> added</dd> <dt>0.52 (2012-06-12)</dt> <dd><a href="#dataset_jel">jel</a> dataset now in en/de/fr/es languages</dd> <dd><a href="#dataset_econ_person">econ_person</a> dataset now based on GND as of 2012-04</dd> <dt>0.51 (2012-05-21)</dt> <dd>Fixed Bug in /assigned_descriptors and indexing example caused by upstream changes</dd> <dt>0.50 (2012-03-30)</dt> <dd>"STW Web Services" renamed to <strong>"Web Services for Economics"</strong></dd> <dd>new URI <a href="http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws"><strong>http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws</strong></a><br /> (http://zbw.eu/beta/stw-ws is deprecated now, but will still be supported)</dd> <dd>dataset "econ_pnd" renamed to "econ_pers"</dd> <dd>/concepts, /narrower and /labels services are deprecated now</dd> <dt>0.41 (2012-03-26)</dt> <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/">CORS</a> support added</dd> <dt>0.40 (2012-02-01)</dt> <dd>fixed: accidentally changed binding in /synonyms service, now ?synonym again</dd> <dt>0.39 (2011-12-08)</dt> <dd>Econis link added to <a href="examples/suggest2.html">suggest2 example</a></dd> <dd>fixed: missing target in /mappings service</dd> <dt>0.38 (2011-11-21)</dt> <dd>new service <a href="#service_assigned_descriptors">/assigned_descriptors</a> (with <a href="examples/indexing.html" >example STW to SWD (GND) mapping application</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="#service_combined1">/combined1</a> service extended by mappings to other vocabs</dd> <dt>0.37 (2011-11-15)</dt> <dd><a href="#service_synonyms">/synonyms</a> service extended by mappings to other vocabs</dd> <dd><a href="examples/suggest2.html">/suggest2 example</a> with links to EconBiz portal</dd> <dt>0.36 (2011-11-10)</dt> <dd>based on STW v8.08 with mappings to <a href="http://zbw.eu/stw/mapping/gnd" >SWD</a>, <a href="http://zbw.eu/stw/mapping/thesoz" >TheSoz</a>, <a href="http://zbw.eu/stw/mapping/agrovoc" >Agrovoc</a>, <a href="http://zbw.eu/stw/mapping/dbpedia" >DBpedia</a></dd> <dd>new service <a href="#service_mappings">/mappings</a></dd> <dd>new service <a href="#service_suggest2">/suggest2</a> for econ_pnd</dd> <dd>thesoz dataset not included any more</dd> <dt>0.35 (2011-04-15)</dt> <dd>dataset econ_pnd added</dd> <dd>dataset thesoz upgraded to v 0.7</dd> <dd>experimental dataset pnd removed</dd> <dd>experimental dataset lcsh removed</dd> <dt>0.34 (2010-09-14)</dt> <dd>skos:altLabel for dataset jel added</dd> <dt>0.33</dt> <dd>subset of PND for <a href="http://zbw.eu/beta/p20">20th Century Press Archives</a> added</dd> <dt>0.32</dt> <dd>very experimental access to LCSH added</dd> <dt>0.31</dt> <dd>Example for use of /suggest in Javascript added</dd> <dt>0.30 (2010-03-06)</dt> <dd>added <a href="#param_relationship">relationship</a> parameter (for /combined1) </dd> <dt>0.29</dt> <dd>/suggest extended to TheSoz vocabulary</dd> <dt>0.28 (2009-09-06)</dt> <dd>added <a href="#param_dataset">dataset</a> parameter; /suggest extended to JEL vocabulary; new <a href="#param_output">output</a> parameter (format deprecated now)</dd> <dt>0.27 (2009-09-01)</dt> <dd>experimental <a href="#service_combined1">/combined1</a> service added; link to SPARQL Endpoint</dd> <dt>0.26</dt> <dd>experimental callback parameter</dd> <dt>0.25 (2009-04-29)</dt> <dd>links to zbwext vocab; typos</dd> <dt>0.24 (2009-04-22)</dt> <dd>basic /suggest service added</dd> <dt>0.23 (2009-03-30)</dt> <dd>first public version</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div id="leftbar" class="yui-b"> <div id="menu"> <div 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