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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Septuagint</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Septuagint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_the_Bible_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_the_Bible_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Development of the Bible text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_the_Bible_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_development_of_the_text_of_the_Torah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_development_of_the_text_of_the_Torah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>The development of the text of the Torah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_development_of_the_text_of_the_Torah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_the_Qumran_scribes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_the_Qumran_scribes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Dead Sea Scrolls and the Qumran scribes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_the_Qumran_scribes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer-assisted_research_of_the_Bible_and_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer-assisted_research_of_the_Bible_and_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Computer-assisted research of the Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer-assisted_research_of_the_Bible_and_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_volumes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_volumes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Honorary volumes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_volumes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_authored" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_authored"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Books authored</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_authored-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Electronic publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_edited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_edited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Books edited</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Books_edited-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Books edited subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Books_edited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Editor-in-Chief,_Discoveries_in_the_Judaean_Desert" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editor-in-Chief,_Discoveries_in_the_Judaean_Desert"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Editor-in-Chief, Discoveries in the Judaean Desert</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editor-in-Chief,_Discoveries_in_the_Judaean_Desert-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dutch–Israeli biblical scholar and linguist (born 1941)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Emanuel Tov</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_tov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emmanuel_tov.jpg/220px-Emmanuel_tov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emmanuel_tov.jpg/330px-Emmanuel_tov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emmanuel_tov.jpg/440px-Emmanuel_tov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="315" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1941-09-15</span>) </span>15 September 1941<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 83)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, the Netherlands</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Dutch, Israeli</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical scholar">Biblical scholar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title"><a href="/wiki/Emeritus_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeritus Professor">Emeritus Professor</a> in the Department of <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Lika (née Aa)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Three</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorates" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorates">Honorary doctorates</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salzburg" title="University of Salzburg">University of Salzburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Israel_Prize" title="Israel Prize">Israel Prize</a> in biblical studies</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>"The Septuagint Translation of Jeremiah and Baruch"</i> (1973)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral advisor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shemaryahu_Talmon" title="Shemaryahu Talmon">Shemaryahu Talmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_Cross" title="Frank Moore Cross">Frank Moore Cross</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Biblical studies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sub-discipline</th><td class="infobox-data">Textual studies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Emanuel Tov</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">עמנואל טוב</span>; born <b>Menno Toff</b>, 15 September 1941)<sup id="cite_ref-Archiefkaarten_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archiefkaarten-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a Dutch–Israeli <a href="/wiki/Biblical_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical scholar">biblical scholar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">linguist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a> J. L. Magnes Professor of Bible Studies in the Department of <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been intimately involved with the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> for many decades, and from 1991, he was appointed Editor-in-Chief of the Dead Sea Scrolls Publication Project.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emanuel Tov was born in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, the Netherlands on 15 September 1941, during the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_occupation_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi occupation of the Netherlands">Nazi German occupation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, when Tov was one year old, his parents Juda (Jo) Toff and Toos Neeter were deported to <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentration camps">concentration camps</a>, and they entrusted him to the care of a <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> family,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and following the war he grew up with his uncle Juda Koekoek and aunt Elisabeth Koekoek-Toff as one of their children.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From age 14, he was active in the <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionistic</a> youth movement <a href="/wiki/Habonim_Dror" title="Habonim Dror">Habonim</a> and served as one of its leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-EMET_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMET-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At age 18, the movement motivated him to go to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> for training as a leader and in 1960 he became the general secretary of that movement in the Netherlands. In 1961, he immigrated to Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-EMET_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMET-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emanuel Tov is married to Lika (née Aa). Tov and Lika have three children (a daughter Ophira, and two sons, Ariel and Amitai) and four granddaughters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tov studied at Boerhaaveschool and then at Kohnstamm School, in South Amsterdam.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of 12, Tov started studying <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a> at the Spinoza Lyceum, where he met his future wife Lika Aa.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of 18, he finished his studies at a gymnasium, where he learned classical and modern European languages, and at the same time learned <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Talmud_Torah" title="Talmud Torah">Talmud Torah</a> from his <a href="/wiki/Bar_Mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar Mitzvah">Bar Mitzvah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tov spent a year in Israel (from 1959 to 1960) at <a href="/wiki/Machon_L%27Madrichei_Chutz_La%27Aretz" title="Machon L'Madrichei Chutz La'Aretz">Machon L'Madrichei Chutz La'Aretz</a>, studying for leadership in the youth movement Habonim. He sang in the choir and learned to play the <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a>. Tov then returned to the Netherlands. </p><p>In October 1961, Tov decided to return to Israel to study at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964 he completed his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> in Bible and <a href="/wiki/Greek_literature" title="Greek literature">Greek literature</a>, and in 1967 he received his <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">M.A.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, while serving also as an assistant in the Bible Dept. and at the Hebrew University Bible Project.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967–1969, he continued his studies at the Dept. for <a href="/wiki/Near_Eastern" class="mw-redirect" title="Near Eastern">Near Eastern</a> Studies and Languages at Harvard University.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His dissertation, written under the guidance of Professors <a href="/wiki/Shemaryahu_Talmon" title="Shemaryahu Talmon">Shemaryahu Talmon</a> of the Hebrew University and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_Cross" title="Frank Moore Cross">Frank Moore Cross</a> of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, was submitted to the Hebrew University in 1973 as <i>"The <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> Translation of <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a>"</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Summa_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa cum laude">summa cum laude</a></i>), earned him a <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> from the Hebrew University.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon his return to Israel, he worked as an assistant at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Haifa" title="University of Haifa">University of Haifa</a> and at the Hebrew University.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching">Teaching</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Teaching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986, he was appointed professor at the Hebrew University, and in 1990 he became the J. L. Magnes Professor of Bible Studies. Served as visiting professor at the Universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doshisha_University" title="Doshisha University">Doshisha</a> (Kyoto), Macquarie and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stellenbosch_University" title="Stellenbosch University">Stellenbosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrije Universiteit">Vrije Universiteit</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Gregorian_University" title="Pontifical Gregorian University">Pontifical Gregorian University</a>, Halle in Germany, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestants_Theologische_Universiteit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestants Theologische Universiteit (page does not exist)">Protestants Theologische Universiteit</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontificial_Biblical_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontificial Biblical University (page does not exist)">Pontificial Biblical University</a>. He stayed at Institutes for Advanced Studies at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study">NIAS</a>, Annenberg in the US, Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies and the Lichtenberg Kolleg in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_work">Academic work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academic work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was one of the editors of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_Bible_Project" title="Hebrew University Bible Project">Hebrew University Bible Project</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a member of the editorial board of the journals <i>Dead Sea Discoveries</i> and the <i>Journal of Jewish Studies</i>, and served on the Academic committee of the <a href="/wiki/Magnes_Press" title="Magnes Press">Magnes Press</a>. He is the co-founder and chairman (1991–2000) of the Dead Sea Scrolls Foundation, a Member of the Academic Committee of <a href="/wiki/The_Orion_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Orion Center">the Orion Center</a> for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Senior Associate Fellow and an Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Postgraduate_Hebrew_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies">Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies</a>. </p><p>From 1990 to 2009 he was the Editor-in-Chief of the international Dead Sea Scrolls Publication Project, which during those years produced 33 volumes of the series <i><a href="/wiki/Discoveries_in_the_Judean_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Discoveries in the Judean Desert">Discoveries in the Judean Desert</a></i> as well as two <a href="/wiki/Concordance_(publishing)" title="Concordance (publishing)">concordances</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also published an electronic edition of all the extra-biblical <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a> scrolls and a six-volume printed edition of the scrolls meant for the general public. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also created electronic editions of the Hebrew and Greek Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prizes_and_honorary_titles">Prizes and honorary titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prizes and honorary titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1999 – 2004 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Humboldt_Research_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humboldt Research Prize (page does not exist)">Humboldt Research Prize</a>, Germany</li> <li>2003 – Ubbo Emmius medal, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">University of Groningen</a></li> <li>2004 – <a href="/wiki/Emet_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Emet Prize">Emet Prize</a> for Biblical Research, Israel<sup id="cite_ref-EMET_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMET-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006 – Appointed Corresponding Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate">Honorary doctorate</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a></li> <li>2009 – <a href="/wiki/Israel_Prize" title="Israel Prize">Israel Prize</a> in biblical studies<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010 – Samaritan Medal for Humanitarian Achievement</li> <li>2012 – Appointed Member of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities">Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities</a></li> <li>2017 – Appointed Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li>2019 – <a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate">Honorary doctorate</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salzburg" title="University of Salzburg">University of Salzburg</a></li> <li>2021 – <a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate">Honorary doctorate</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a></li> <li>2023 - The Salo W. and Jeannette M. Baron Award for Scholarly Excellence in Research of the Jewish Experience</li> <li>2024 - Awarded lifetime status of “Highly Ranked Scholar” by ScholarGPS (Bible, # 1, worldwide)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Septuagint">Septuagint</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Septuagint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emanuel Tov's studies on the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> focused first on inner-translational developments and gradually moved to the importance of this translation for the study of the Bible: the early revisions of the Septuagint, translation technique, the reconstruction of the Hebrew parent text of the Greek translation, the value of the Septuagint for the textual study of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, the importance of certain Septuagint books for the exegesis of the Hebrew books and the understanding of their literary development, the place of the Hebrew source of the Septuagint in the development of the text of the Bible. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tov's initial publications on the Septuagint deal with that translation's early revisions that were intended to approximate the Greek text to the Hebrew text current in Israel from the 1st century BCE until the 2nd century CE. For that research, he established sound principles by determining the criteria for defining and characterizing the revisions. His preoccupation with matters of translation technique and the reconstruction of the Hebrew parent text of the Septuagint was influenced by his practical work in the HUBP (Hebrew University Bible Project). In that research, he combined the field work in that project with the formulation of abstract rules for the evaluation of details in the Septuagint, constantly cross-fertilizing both areas. These rules were formulated in his theoretical book on the Septuagint that grew out of his courses at the Hebrew University, each year on a different Bible book <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, the focus of Tov's interest moved to the importance of the Septuagint for biblical scholarship, both for textual and literary criticism. In several books, the Septuagint reflects a Hebrew basis that needs to be taken into consideration in the exegesis of those books beyond small details, both when, according to Tov, the Hebrew parent text of the Septuagint preceded the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> (Joshua, 1 Samuel 16–18, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, etc.) and when it serves as an exegetical layer reacting to the forerunner of the Masoretic Text (1 Kings, Esther, and Daniel). According to Tov, in all these books the exegete of the Hebrew books must take the Greek translation into consideration. A precondition for this procedure is that the analysis of the translation technique as described in the previous paragraph will have established that the Septuagint is a good source for analyzing the text that lay in front of him. From among all the early witnesses of the biblical text, the best ones for analyzing the stages of its literary development are the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint, several Qumran texts and the Samaritan Pentateuch. Tov believes that the analysis of early witnesses such as the Septuagint enriches our exegesis and helps us in understanding the last stages of the development of the biblical literature in specific books. In his more recent work, Tov characterizes the source of LXX-Pentateuch as displaying harmonizing features shared with the Samaritan Pentateuch and related texts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_the_Bible_text">Development of the Bible text</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Development of the Bible text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emanuel Tov does not describe the development of the biblical text based on abstract theories, but tries to take the evidence of the ancient manuscripts and versions as his point of departure. It is clear that in antiquity many versions of the Bible were circulating, as is evident from the textual plurality at Qumran. All the manuscripts differed from one another, but within that plurality one may recognize some groups (families). Tov qualified this plurality by providing the internal statistics of the different types of the Qumran scrolls. He also described the socio-religious background of some groups of the Judean Desert scrolls.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An important link in this argumentation is the group of the so-called 4QReworked Pentateuch texts. Ten years after Tov published this group of documents, <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he realized that these texts do not reflect a single non-biblical rewritten Pentateuch composition, but a cluster of biblical texts that included many exegetical elements. These texts reflect a link in the series of developing biblical texts. <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tov's studies on the Septuagint and 4QReworked Pentateuch led him to new thoughts regarding the development of the last stages of the biblical books and the original text of these books. In his view, the early stages of the biblical books such as reflected in the Septuagint of <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1 Samuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>, show that the formulations of these books developed stage by stage. This reconstructed development makes it difficult to posit an original text of the biblical books in the usual sense of the word. In Tov's view, there was not one original text, but a series of "original texts." This view developed after the appearance of the second edition of his Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (2001) and was emphasized more in the third edition (2012). <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_development_of_the_text_of_the_Torah">The development of the text of the Torah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The development of the text of the Torah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In studies primarily carried out in the 2010s, Tov focused on the special textual status of the Torah. <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his view, the textual development of the Torah differed from that of all other Scripture books. Quite unusually its textual witnesses may be divided into two text blocks. "Block I" contains the Masoretic Text group consisting of proto-MT scrolls and the followers of MT, among them a group of tefillin. "Block II" consists of a large group consisting of the source of LXX, the SP group, the Qumran tefillin, and more. The latter block usually contains a popularizing text featuring harmonizing and facilitating readings, while block I contains a more original text. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_the_Qumran_scribes">Dead Sea Scrolls and the Qumran scribes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dead Sea Scrolls and the Qumran scribes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emanuel Tov dealt with various aspects of the Qumran scrolls, but his most central publications pertain to the Qumran scribes. In 2004, he published a detailed monograph on the scribal practices reflected in the Qumran scrolls, suggesting that the information about these scribal practices allows us to obtain a better understanding of the Qumran scrolls. <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This monograph describes the technical aspects of all the Judean Desert texts, such as the measurements of the columns and sheets, the beginnings and ends of scrolls, systems of correcting mistakes, orthography systems, and a classification of the scrolls according to these parameters. </p><p>An important part of this description is Tov's theory on the Qumran scribes. Since 1986, Tov has suggested the division of the Qumran scrolls into two groups distinguished by external features. Group 1 is written in a special spelling (forms like ki’ כיא for כי everywhere), specials linguistic forms (like אביכמה in 1QIsa-a for אֲבִיכֶם MT in Isa 51:2 and מואדה in the same scroll for MT מְאֹד in Isa 47:6), and special scribal habits (writing the divine name in the old Hebrew script, erasing elements with lines and writing cancellation dots above and below words and letters, writing dots in the margins guiding the drawing of the lines, etc.). The great majority of the Qumran sectarian scrolls belong to this group; hence Tov's suggestion that these scrolls were written by sectarian scribes, possibly at Qumran. These scribes copied biblical as well as extra-biblical scrolls, altogether one-third of the Qumran scrolls, while the other scrolls (group 2) were brought to Qumran from outside, from one or more localities. Several tefillin found at Qumran were also written in the Qumran Scribal Practice, thus adding a social dimension to this practice as the contents of these tefillin differed from the "rabbinic" tefillin found elsewhere in the Judean Desert. An independent C-14 examination of the material on which some of the scrolls written in the Qumran Scribal Practice were written indicated in 2020 that they differed from the other scrolls.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer-assisted_research_of_the_Bible_and_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls">Computer-assisted research of the Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Computer-assisted research of the Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emanuel Tov believes that the examination of the Bible and Dead Sea Scrolls needs to be aided by computer-assisted research and that therefore databases and computer programs need to be developed. He supervised the electronic encoding of the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Codex" title="Leningrad Codex">Leningrad Codex</a> in the 1980s. <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, he also embarked upon a research project together with Prof. <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Kraft" title="Robert A. Kraft">Robert A. Kraft</a> of the University of Pennsylvania (CATSS = Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Studies). That project, based in Philadelphia and Jerusalem, created a comparative database of all the words in the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint. It was published as a module within the Accordance program (subsequently also within Bible Works and Logos). With the aid of that program, which allows for advanced searches and statistical research, several such investigations have been carried out by Tov and others. <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another database edited by Tov contains all the texts and images of the non-biblical Dead Sea Scrolls, in the original languages and in translation, with morphological analysis and search programs. All these programs serve the international community. <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_volumes">Honorary volumes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Honorary volumes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dead Sea Discoveries, Vol. 8, 1. 2001 (Leiden: Brill, 2001). Qumran Studies, Presented to Emanuel Tov on His Sixtieth Birthday.</li> <li>Emanuel, Studies in Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, and Dead Sea Scrolls in Honor of Emanuel Tov (ed. S. M. Paul, R. A. Kraft, L. H. Schiffman, and W. W. Fields, with the assistance of E. Ben-David; VTSup 94; Leiden/Boston: E.J. Brill, 2003).</li> <li>From Qumran to Aleppo: A Discussion with Emanuel Tov about the Textual History of Jewish Scriptures in Honor of his 65th Birthday (ed. A. Lange et al.; FRLANT 230; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_authored">Books authored</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Books authored"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1. The Book of Baruch also Called I Baruch (Greek and Hebrew) (Texts and Translations 8, Pseudepigrapha Series 6; Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1975). </p><p>2. The Septuagint Translation of Jeremiah and Baruch: A Discussion of an Early Revision of Jeremiah 29–52 and Baruch 1:1–3:8 (HSM 8; Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1976). </p><p>3. The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research (Jerusalem Biblical Studies 3; Jerusalem: Simor, 1981). </p><p>3*. The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research (Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged; Jerusalem Biblical Studies 8; Jerusalem: Simor, 1997). </p><p>3**. The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research (Third Edition, Completely Revised and Enlarged; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015). </p><p>4. With J. R. Abercrombie, W. Adler, and R. A. Kraft: Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Studies (CATSS), Volume 1, Ruth (SCS 20; Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, 1986). </p><p>5. A Computerized Data Base for Septuagint Studies: The Parallel Aligned Text of the Greek and Hebrew Bible (CATSS Volume 2; JNSLSup 1; 1986). </p><p>6. With D. Barthélemy, D. W. Gooding, and J. Lust: The Story of David and Goliath, Textual and Literary Criticism, Papers of a Joint Venture (OBO 73; Fribourg/Göttingen: Éditions universitaires/Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1986). </p><p>7. Textual Criticism of the Bible: An Introduction (Heb.; Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1989). </p><p>7*. Second corrected printing of: Textual Criticism of the Bible: An Introduction (Heb.; Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1997). </p><p>7**. Textual Criticism of the Bible: An Introduction (2nd ed., revised and expanded; The Biblical Encyclopaedia Library 31; Heb.; Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 2013). </p><p>7a. Expanded and updated version of 7: Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (Minneapolis and Assen/Maastricht: Fortress Press and Van Gorcum, 1992). </p><p>7a*. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (2d rev. ed.; Minneapolis and Assen: Fortress Press/Royal Van Gorcum, 2001). </p><p>7a**. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (3rd ed., revised and expanded; Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2012). </p><p>7a***. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (4th ed., revised and expanded; Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2022). </p><p>7b. German version of 7a (revised and updated): Der Text der Hebräischen Bibel: Handbuch der Textkritik (trans. H.-J. Fabry; Stuttgart/Berlin/Cologne: Kohlhammer, 1997). </p><p>7c. Russian version of 7b (revised and updated): Tekstologiya Vetchoga Zaveta (trans. K. Burmistrov and G. Jastrebov; Moscow: Biblisko-Bagaslovski Institut Sv. Apostola Andrjeya [St. Andrews Theological Seminary], 2001). </p><p>8. With the collaboration of R. A. Kraft: The Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever (8HevXIIgr) (The Seiyal Collection I) (DJD VIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1990). </p><p>8*. Revised edition of 8: The Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever (8HevXIIgr) (The Seiyal Collection I) (DJD VIII; Oxford: Clarendon, "Reprinted with corrections 1995"). </p><p>9. With the collaboration of S. J. Pfann: The Dead Sea Scrolls on Microfiche: A Comprehensive Facsimile Edition of the Texts from the Judean Desert, with a Companion Volume (Leiden: E.J. Brill/IDC, 1993). </p><p>9*. Revised edition of 9: Companion Volume to The Dead Sea Scrolls Microfiche Edition (2d rev. ed.; Leiden: E.J. Brill/IDC, 1995). </p><p>10. With C. Rabin and S. Talmon: The Hebrew University Bible, The Book of Jeremiah (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1997). </p><p>11. The Greek and Hebrew Bible – Collected Essays on the Septuagint (VTSup 72; Leiden/ Boston/Cologne: E.J. Brill, 1999). </p><p>11.* Unchanged paperback edition of The Greek and Hebrew Bible – Collected Essays on the Septuagint (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2006). </p><p>12a. With D. W. Parry: The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Part 1, Texts Concerned with Religious Law (Leiden/Boston: E.J. Brill, 2004) </p><p>12b. With D. W. Parry: The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Part 2, Exegetical Texts (Leiden/ Boston: E.J. Brill, 2004). </p><p>12c. With D. W. Parry: The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Part 3, Parabiblical Texts (Leiden/ Boston: E.J. Brill, 2005). </p><p>12d. With D. W. Parry: The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Part 4, Calendrical and Sapiential Texts (Leiden/Boston: E.J. Brill, 2004). </p><p>12e. With D. W. Parry: The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Part 5, Poetic and Liturgical Texts (Leiden/Boston: E.J. Brill, 2005). </p><p>12f. With D. W. Parry: The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Part 6, Additional Genres and Unclassified Texts (Leiden/Boston: E.J. Brill, 2005). </p><p>12*. With D.W. Parry, and in association with G.I. Clements: The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Volumes 1–2 (2nd edition, revised and expanded; Leiden: Brill, 2014). </p><p>13. Scribal Practices and Approaches Reflected in the Texts Found in the Judean Desert (STDJ 54; Leiden/Boston: E.J. Brill, 2004). </p><p>14. Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran – Collected Essays (TSAJ 121; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008). </p><p>15. Revised Lists of the Texts from the Judaean Desert (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2010). </p><p>16. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Qumran, Septuagint: Collected Writings, Volume 3 (VTSup 167; Leiden: Brill, 2015). </p><p>17. Textual Developments, Collected Essays, Volume 4, VTSup 181 (Leiden: Brill, 2019). </p><p>18. Studies in Textual Criticism: Collected Essays, Volume 5, VTSup 197 (Leiden: Brill, 2024). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electronic_publications">Electronic publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Electronic publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1. The Dead Sea Scrolls Database (Non-Biblical Texts) (The Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Reference Library, vol. 2; Prepared by the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies [FARMS]) (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1999). </p><p>2. In collaboration with A. Groves: The Hebrew text in ˚nt, JPS Hebrew–English Tanakh: The Traditional Hebrew Text and the New JPS Translation (2d. ed.; Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 1999). </p><p>3. The Parallel Aligned Text of the Greek and Hebrew Bible (division of the CATSS database, directed by R. A. Kraft and E. Tov), module in the Accordance computer program, 2002 (with updates 2003–). </p><p>3a. The Parallel Aligned Text of the Greek and Hebrew Bible (division of the CATSS database, directed by R. A. Kraft and E. Tov), module in the Logos computer program, 2004 (with updates, 2005–). </p><p>3b. With F. H. Polak: The Parallel Aligned Text of the Greek and Hebrew Bible (division of the CATSS database, directed by R. A. Kraft and E. Tov), module in the Bible Works computer program, version 7, 2005 (with updates, 2006–). </p><p>4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/TC">"Electronic Resources Relevant to the Textual Criticism of Hebrew Scripture,"</a> TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 8 (2003) </p><p>5. The Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Library, Brigham Young University, Revised Edition 2006, part of the Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Reference Library of E.J. Brill Publishers (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://brill.com/view/db/dsno?rskey=YpVhkL&result=1">https://brill.com/view/db/dsno?rskey=YpVhkL&result=1</a> </p><p>6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mikrarevivim.blogspot.co.il/2013/10/i.html">"Electronic Tools for the Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible – 2013 Introduction and List</a>" </p><p>7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mikrarevivim.blogspot.co.il/">"Electronic Bible Editions on the Internet (2014)"</a> </p><p>8. "The (Proto-)Masoretic Text: A Ten-Part Series," <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://thetorah.com/proto-masoretic-text/">http://thetorah.com/proto-masoretic-text/</a> = article 325 (2017). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_edited">Books edited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Books edited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1. The Hebrew and Greek Texts of Samuel, 1980 Proceedings IOSCS, Vienna (Jerusalem: Academon, 1980). </p><p>2. A Classified Bibliography of Lexical and Grammatical Studies on the Language of the Septuagint and Its Revisions (3rd ed.; Jerusalem: Academon, 1982). </p><p>3. With <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Menachem_Rabin" title="Chaim Menachem Rabin">C. Rabin</a>: Textus, Studies of the Hebrew University Bible Project, vol. 11 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1984). </p><p>4. Textus, Studies of the Hebrew University Bible Project, vol. 12 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1985). </p><p>5. Textus, Studies of the Hebrew University Bible Project, vol. 13 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1986). </p><p>6. With M. Klopfenstein, U. Luz, and S. Talmon: Mitte der Schrift? Ein jüdisch–christliches Gespräch. Texte der Berner Symposions 1985 (Judaica et Christiana 11; Bern: Peter Lang, 1987). </p><p>7. Textus, Studies of the Hebrew University Bible Project, vol. 14 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1988). 183 pp. </p><p>8. Textus, Studies of the Hebrew University Bible Project, vol. 15 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1990). </p><p>9. With M. Fishbane and with the assistance of W. Fields: "Sha’arei Talmon": Studies in the Bible, Qumran, and the Ancient Near East Presented to Shemaryahu Talmon (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1992). </p><p>10. With A. Hurvitz and S. Japhet: I. L. Seeligmann, Studies in Biblical Literature (Heb.; Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1992). </p><p>10*. With A. Hurvitz and S. Japhet: I. L. Seeligmann, Studies in Biblical Literature (Heb.; 2d rev. ed.; Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1996). </p><p>11. Max L. Margolis, The Book of Joshua in Greek, Part V: Joshua 19:39–24:33 (Monograph Series, Annenberg Research Institute; Philadelphia 1992). </p><p>12. J. Jarick with the collaboration of G. Marquis, A Comprehensive Bilingual Concordance of the Hebrew and Greek Texts of the Book of Ecclesiastes (CATSS: Basic Tools Volume 3; SCS 36; Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press, 1993). </p><p>13. Area editor (Dead Sea Scrolls) in The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion (ed. R. J. Z. Werblowsky and G. Wigoder; New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997). </p><p>14. Area editor in Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, vols. 1–2 (ed. L. H. Schiffman and J. C. VanderKam; Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2000). </p><p>15. With L. H. Schiffman and J. VanderKam: The Dead Sea Scrolls: Fifty Years After Their Discovery – Proceedings of the Jerusalem Congress, July 20–25, 1997 (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society/The Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, 2000). </p><p>16. F. H. Polak and G. Marquis, A Classified Index of the Minuses of the Septuagint, Part I: Introduction; Part II: The Pentateuch (CATSS Basic Tools 4, 5; Stellenbosch: Print24.com, 2002). </p><p>17. With E. D. Herbert: The Bible as Book – The Hebrew Bible and the Judaean Desert Discoveries (London: British Library & Oak Knoll Press in association with The Scriptorium: Center for Christian Antiquities, 2002). </p><p>18. With P. W. Flint and J. VanderKam: Studies in the Hebrew Bible, Qumran and the Septuagint Presented to Eugene Ulrich (VTSup 101; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2006). </p><p>19. With M. Bar-Asher: Meghillot, Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls V–VI, A Festschrift for Devorah Dimant (Haifa/Jerusalem: University of Haifa, The Publication Project of the Qumran Scrolls/The Bialik Institute, 2007). </p><p>20. With M. Bar-Asher, D. Rom-Shiloni, and N. Wazana: Shai le-Sara Japhet (Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 2007). </p><p>21. With C. A. Evans: Exploring the Origins of the Bible – Canon Formation in Historical, Literary, and Theological Perspective (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008). </p><p>22. With A. Lange, M. Weigold, and B.H. Reynolds III: The Dead Sea Scrolls in Context: Integrating the Dead Sea Scrolls in the Study of Ancient Texts, Languages, and Cultures, Vols. I–II (VTSup 140/I–II; Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2011) </p><p>23. With Armin Lange, Textual History of the Bible, The Hebrew Bible, Vol. 1A, Overview Articles (Leiden: Brill, 2016). </p><p>24. With Armin Lange, Textual History of the Bible, The Hebrew Bible, Vol. 1B, Pentateuch, Former and Latter Prophets (Leiden: Brill, 2017). </p><p>25. With Armin Lange, Textual History of the Bible, The Hebrew Bible, Vol. 1C, Pentateuch, Former and Latter Prophets (Leiden: Brill, 2017). </p><p>26. With Kipp Davis and Robert Duke, Dead Sea Scrolls in the Museum Collection, Publications of Museum of the Bible 1, ed. Michael W. Holmes; Semitic Texts Series, ed. Emanuel Tov; managing ed. Jerry A. Pattengale (Leiden: Brill, 2016). </p><p>27. Textus, A Journal on Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Vol. 27 (Leiden: Brill, 2018). </p><p>28. Textus, A Journal on Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Vol. 28 (Leiden: Brill, 2019). </p><p>29. Textus, A Journal on Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Vol. 29.1 (Leiden: Brill, 2020). </p><p>30. With Gershom Qiprisçi as consulting editor: Biblia Hebraica Petropolitana, The Pentateuch and the Davidic Psalter, A Synoptic Edition of Hebrew Biblical Texts: The Masoretic Text, The Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Vols. 1–6, Manuscripta Orientalia, Supplement Series 1 (St. Petersburg/Leiden: 2020), with introductions by Emanuel Tov in English and Russian. </p><p>31. Textus, A Journal on Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Vol. 29.2 (Leiden: Brill, 2020). </p><p>32. Textus, A Journal on Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Vol. 30.1-2 (Leiden: Brill, 2021). </p><p>33. Textus, A Journal on Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Vol. 31.1-2 (Leiden: Brill, 2022). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editor-in-Chief,_Discoveries_in_the_Judaean_Desert"><span id="Editor-in-Chief.2C_Discoveries_in_the_Judaean_Desert"></span>Editor-in-Chief, Discoveries in the Judaean Desert</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Editor-in-Chief, Discoveries in the Judaean Desert"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1. P. W. Skehan, E. Ulrich, and J. E. Sanderson, Qumran Cave 4.IV: Palaeo-Hebrew and Greek Biblical Manuscripts (DJD IX; Oxford: Clarendon, 1992). </p><p>2. E. Qimron and J. Strugnell, Qumran Cave 4.V: Miqsat Ma’ase ha-Torah (DJD X; Oxford: Clarendon, 1994). </p><p>3. E. Eshel et al., in consultation with J. VanderKam and M. Brady, Qumran Cave 4.VI: Poetical and Liturgical Texts, Part 1 (DJD XI; Oxford: Clarendon, 1998). </p><p>4. E. Ulrich and F. M. Cross, eds., Qumran Cave 4.VII: Genesis to Numbers (DJD XII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1994 [repr. 1999]). </p><p>5. H. Attridge et al., in consultation with J. VanderKam, Qumran Cave 4.VIII: Parabiblical Texts, Part 1 (DJD XIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1994). </p><p>6. E. Ulrich and F. M. Cross, eds., Qumran Cave 4.IX: Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Kings (DJD XIV; Oxford: Clarendon, 1995 [repr. 1999]). </p><p>7. E. Ulrich et al., Qumran Cave 4.X: The Prophets (DJD XV; Oxford: Clarendon, 1997). </p><p>8. E. Ulrich et al., Qumran Cave 4.XI: Psalms to Chronicles (DJD XVI; Oxford: Clarendon, 2000). </p><p>9. F. M. Cross, D. W. Parry, R. Saley, E. Ulrich, Qumran Cave 4.XII: 1–2 Samuel (DJD XVII; Oxford: Clarendon, 2005). </p><p>10. J. M. Baumgarten, Qumran Cave 4.XIII: The Damascus Document (4Q266–273) (DJD XVIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1996). </p><p>11. M. Broshi et al., in consultation with J. VanderKam, Qumran Cave 4.XIV: Parabiblical Texts, Part 2 (DJD XIX; Oxford: Clarendon, 1995). </p><p>12. T. Elgvin et al., in consultation with J. A. Fitzmyer, S.J., Qumran Cave 4.XV: Sapiential Texts, Part 1 (DJD XX; Oxford: Clarendon, 1997). </p><p>13. S. Talmon, J. Ben-Dov, and U. Glessmer, Qumran Cave 4.XVI: Calendrical Texts (DJD XXI; Oxford: Clarendon, 2001). </p><p>14. G. Brooke et al., in consultation with J. VanderKam, Qumran Cave 4.XVII: Parabiblical Texts, Part 3 (DJD XXII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1996). </p><p>15. F. García Martínez, E. J. C. Tigchelaar, and A. S. van der Woude, Qumran Cave 11.II: 11Q2–18, 11Q20–31 (DJD XXIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1998). </p><p>16. M. J. W. Leith, Wadi Daliyeh I: The Wadi Daliyeh Seal Impressions (DJD XXIV; Oxford: Clarendon, 1997). </p><p>17. É. Puech, Qumran Cave 4.XVIII: Textes hébreux (4Q521–4Q528, 4Q576–4Q579) (DJD XXV; Oxford: Clarendon, 1998). </p><p>18. P. Alexander and G. Vermes, Qumran Cave 4.XIX: 4QSerekh Ha-Yah≥ad and Two Related Texts (DJD XXVI; Oxford: Clarendon, 1998). </p><p>19. H. M. Cotton and A. Yardeni, Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek Documentary Texts from Nah≥al H≥ever and Other Sites, with an Appendix Containing Alleged Qumran Texts (The Seiyâl Collection II) (DJD XXVII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1997). </p><p>20. D. M. Gropp, Wadi Daliyeh II: The Samaria Papyri from Wadi Daliyeh; E. Schuller et al., in consultation with J. VanderKam and M. Brady, Qumran Cave 4.XXVIII: Miscellanea, Part 2 (DJD XXVIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 2001). </p><p>21. E. Chazon et al., in consultation with J. VanderKam and M. Brady, Qumran Cave 4.XX: Poetical and Liturgical Texts, Part 2 (DJD XXIX; Oxford: Clarendon, 1999). </p><p>22. D. Dimant, Qumran Cave 4.XXI: Parabiblical Texts, Part 4: Pseudo-Prophetic Texts (DJD XXX; Oxford: Clarendon, 2001). </p><p>23. É. Puech, Qumran Cave 4.XXII: Textes araméens, première partie: 4Q529–549 (DJD XXXI; Oxford: Clarendon, 2001). </p><p>24. D. Pike and A. Skinner, in consultation with J. VanderKam and M. Brady, Qumran Cave 4.XXIII: Unidentified Fragments (DJD XXXIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 2001). </p><p>25. J. Strugnell, D. J. Harrington, S.J., and T. Elgvin, in consultation with J. A. Fitzmyer, S.J., Qumran Cave 4.XXIV: 4QInstruction (Musar leMevîn): 4Q415 ff. (DJD XXXIV; Oxford: Clarendon, 1999). </p><p>26. J. Baumgarten et al., Qumran Cave 4.XXV: Halakhic Texts (DJD XXXV; Oxford: Clarendon, 1999). </p><p>27. S. J. Pfann, Cryptic Texts; P. Alexander et al., in consultation with J. VanderKam and M. Brady, Qumran Cave 4.XXVI: Miscellanea, Part 1 (DJD XXXVI; Oxford: Clarendon, 2000). </p><p>28. H. Cotton et al., in consultation with J. VanderKam and M. Brady, Miscellaneous Texts from the Judaean Desert (DJD XXXVIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 2000). </p><p>29. E. Tov (ed.), The Texts from the Judaean Desert: Indices and an Introduction to the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Series (DJD XXXIX; Oxford: Clarendon, 2002). </p><p>30. M. G. Abegg, Jr., with J. E. Bowley and E. M. Cook, in consultation with E. Tov, The Dead Sea Scrolls Concordance I. The Non-Biblical Texts from Qumran (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2003). </p><p>31. H. Stegemann with E. Schuller, and C. Newsom (translations), Qumran Cave 1.III: 1QHodayota with Incorporation of 1QHodayotb and 4QHodayota–f (DJD XL; Oxford: Clarendon, 2009). </p><p>32. É. Puech, Qumran Cave 4.XXVII: Textes araméens, deuxième partie: 4Q550–575a, 580–587 et Appendices (DJD XXXVII; Oxford: Clarendon, 2009). </p><p>33. E. Ulrich and P. W. Flint, Qumran Cave 1.II: The Isaiah Scrolls (DJD XXXII; Oxford: Clarendon, 2010). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israel_Prize_recipients" title="List of Israel Prize recipients">List of Israel Prize recipients</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Archiefkaarten-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Archiefkaarten_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/98533413-0545-56a3-e053-b784100ade19">"Archiefkaarten"</a>. Gemeente Amsterdam Stadsarchief.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archiefkaarten&rft.pub=Gemeente+Amsterdam+Stadsarchief&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchief.amsterdam%2Findexen%2Fdeeds%2F98533413-0545-56a3-e053-b784100ade19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig_A._Evans2010" class="citation book cs1">Craig A. Evans (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kzFM8e46pTYC&pg=PA396"><i>Holman QuickSource Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls</i></a>. Holman QuickSource Series; Holman reference. B&H Publishing Group. p. 396. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805448528" title="Special:BookSources/9780805448528"><bdi>9780805448528</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holman+QuickSource+Guide+to+the+Dead+Sea+Scrolls&rft.series=Holman+QuickSource+Series%3B+Holman+reference&rft.pages=396&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780805448528&rft.au=Craig+A.+Evans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkzFM8e46pTYC%26pg%3DPA396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kbmPiWGOi98C&q=emanuel+Tov+1941"><i>Encyclopedia Britannica Almanac 2004</i></a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Incorporated. 2003. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593390730" title="Special:BookSources/9781593390730"><bdi>9781593390730</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica+Almanac+2004&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781593390730&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkbmPiWGOi98C%26q%3Demanuel%2BTov%2B1941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fields-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fields_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fields_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fields_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fields_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fields_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fields_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fields_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fields_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeston_W._Fields2015" class="citation book cs1">Weston W. Fields (2015-02-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B669CwAAQBAJ&pg=PR13">"Emanuel Tov: a biography"</a>. In Shalom M. Paul; <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Kraft" title="Robert A. Kraft">Robert A. Kraft</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_H._Schiffman" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence H. Schiffman">Lawrence H. Schiffman</a>; Weston W. Fields (eds.). <i>Emanuel: Studies in Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, and Dead Sea Scrolls in Honor of Emanuel Tov</i>. Vetus Testamentum, Supplements. BRILL. pp. xiii. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004276215">10.1163/9789004276215</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-27621-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-27621-5"><bdi>978-90-04-27621-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Emanuel+Tov%3A+a+biography&rft.btitle=Emanuel%3A+Studies+in+Hebrew+Bible%2C+Septuagint%2C+and+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+in+Honor+of+Emanuel+Tov&rft.series=Vetus+Testamentum%2C+Supplements&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015-02-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004276215&rft.isbn=978-90-04-27621-5&rft.au=Weston+W.+Fields&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB669CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTov2001" class="citation book cs1">Tov, Emanuel (2001). <i>Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible</i>. Uitgeverij Van Gorcum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789023237150" title="Special:BookSources/9789023237150"><bdi>9789023237150</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textual+Criticism+of+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pub=Uitgeverij+Van+Gorcum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9789023237150&rft.aulast=Tov&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EMET-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EMET_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMET_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMET_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726025631/http://www.emetprize.org/english/Product.aspx?Product=56&Category=4&SubCategory=26&Year=2004">"Emanuel Tov"</a>. <i>EMET Prize's site</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emetprize.org/english/Product.aspx?Product=56&Category=4&SubCategory=26&Year=2004">the original</a> on 2011-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EMET+Prize%27s+site&rft.atitle=Emanuel+Tov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emetprize.org%2Fenglish%2FProduct.aspx%3FProduct%3D56%26Category%3D4%26SubCategory%3D26%26Year%3D2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/emanuel+tov/203245.html">"Prof. Dr. Emanuel Tov. Fellow December 2010 bis Juli 2011"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prof.+Dr.+Emanuel+Tov.+Fellow+December+2010+bis+Juli+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-goettingen.de%2Fen%2Femanuel%2Btov%2F203245.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~tov/Bio-sketch.pdf">Bibliography at his homepage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610062241/http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~tov/Bio-sketch.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-06-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209231641/http://www.jewishhistory.huji.ac.il/Profs/HU/bible/tov.html">"Emanuel Tov homepage"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishhistory.huji.ac.il/Profs/HU/Bible/tov.html">the original</a> on 2015-12-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emanuel+Tov+homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishhistory.huji.ac.il%2FProfs%2FHU%2FBible%2Ftov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevorah_DimantIngo_Kottsieper2012" class="citation book cs1">Devorah Dimant; Ingo Kottsieper, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i6AQwnnEi6wC&pg=PA255"><i>The Dead Sea Scrolls in Scholarly Perspective: A History of Research</i></a>. Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah. Vol. 33. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004208063" title="Special:BookSources/9789004208063"><bdi>9789004208063</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+in+Scholarly+Perspective%3A+A+History+of+Research&rft.series=Studies+on+the+Texts+of+the+Desert+of+Judah&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789004208063&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di6AQwnnEi6wC%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Full list of the volumes is found in the introductory volume: E. Tov (ed.), The Texts from the Judaean Desert: Indices and an Introduction to the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Series (DJD XXXIX; Oxford: Clarendon, 2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Parts 1–6 (Leiden/ Boston: E.J. Brill, 2004–2005; second revised edition, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Tov's bibliography, electronic publications</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/fellows/emanuel-tov-FBA/">"Professor Emanuel Tov FBA. Biblical studies, Textual criticism, Dead Sea Scrolls, Computerised studies. Elected 2006"</a>. The British Academy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Emanuel+Tov+FBA.+Biblical+studies%2C+Textual+criticism%2C+Dead+Sea+Scrolls%2C+Computerised+studies.+Elected+2006&rft.pub=The+British+Academy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishacademy.ac.uk%2Ffellows%2Femanuel-tov-FBA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090502122420/http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/PrashTashsath/EmanuelTov/CvEmanuelTov.htm">"Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew) – Recipient's C.V."</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/PrashTashsath/EmanuelTov/CvEmanuelTov.htm">the original</a> on 2009-05-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+Prize+Official+Site+%28in+Hebrew%29+%E2%80%93+Recipient%27s+C.V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcms.education.gov.il%2FEducationCMS%2FUnits%2FPrasIsrael%2FPrashTashsath%2FEmanuelTov%2FCvEmanuelTov.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803061203/http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/PrashTashsath/EmanuelTov/NsEmanuelTov.htm">"Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew) – Judges' Rationale for Grant to Recipient"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/PrashTashsath/EmanuelTov/NsEmanuelTov.htm">the original</a> on 2009-08-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+Prize+Official+Site+%28in+Hebrew%29+%E2%80%93+Judges%27+Rationale+for+Grant+to+Recipient&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcms.education.gov.il%2FEducationCMS%2FUnits%2FPrasIsrael%2FPrashTashsath%2FEmanuelTov%2FNsEmanuelTov.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See items 3*, 7a*, 65, 181, 207 in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pluto.mscc.huji.ac.il/~tov">Tov's bibliography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728184807/http://pluto.mscc.huji.ac.il/~tov/">Archived</a> 2011-07-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research (Third Edition, Completely Revised and Enlarged; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See items 171, 178, 307, 327 in Tov's bibliography.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Together with S. A. White: "4QReworked Pentateuchb–e and 4QTemple?" in H. Attridge et al., in consultation with J. VanderKam, Qumran Cave 4.VIII, Parabiblical Texts, Part 1 (DJD XIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1994) 187–351, 459–63 and plates XIII–XXXXVI</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See items 206a and 216 in Tovs bibliography.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See "The Many Forms of Scripture: Reflections in Light of the LXX and 4QReworked Pentateuch," in From Qumran to Aleppo: A Discussion with Emanuel Tov about the Textual History of Jewish Scriptures in Honor of his 65th Birthday (ed. A. Lange et al.; FRLANT 230; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009) 11–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See items 210, 224, 244, 260, 261, 264, 283, 290, especially 307 in the bibliography in the website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scribal Practices and Approaches Reflected in the Texts Found in the Judean Desert (STDJ 54; Leiden/Boston: E.J. Brill, 2004) with updates in items 248, 249, 267 in Tov's bibliography</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Sarit Anava et al., "Illuminating Genetic Mysteries of the Dead Sea Scrolls," Cell 181, 1–14, June 11, 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This encoding was published among others in: JPS Hebrew–English Tanakh: The Traditional Hebrew Text and the New JPS Translation (2d. ed.; Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> For a listing, see Tov's website under bibliography, CATSS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Library, Brigham Young University, Revised Edition 2006, part of the Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Reference Library of E.J. Brill Publishers <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://brill.com/view/db/dsno?rskey=YpVhkL&result=1">https://brill.com/view/db/dsno?rskey=YpVhkL&result=1</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_Tov&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Emanuel_Tov" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Emanuel Tov">Emanuel Tov</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209231641/http://www.jewishhistory.huji.ac.il/Profs/HU/bible/tov.html">"Emanuel Tov, official webpage"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishhistory.huji.ac.il/Profs/HU/Bible/tov.html">the original</a> on 2015-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emanuel+Tov%2C+official+webpage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishhistory.huji.ac.il%2FProfs%2FHU%2FBible%2Ftov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li>Interview posted at the website of the Israel Academy of Sciences</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090504193955/http://www.cfhu.org/node/659">"Biography of Emanuel Tov after he received the Israel Prize"</a>. <i>Hebrew University site</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hebrew+University+site&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Emanuel+Tov+after+he+received+the+Israel+Prize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090504193955%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfhu.org%2Fnode%2F659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726025631/http://www.emetprize.org/english/Product.aspx?Product=56&Category=4&SubCategory=26&Year=2004">"Biography of Emanuel Tov"</a>. <i>Emet Prize site</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Emet+Prize+site&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Emanuel+Tov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110726025631%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.emetprize.org%2Fenglish%2FProduct.aspx%3FProduct%3D56%26Category%3D4%26SubCategory%3D26%26Year%3D2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewish.huji.ac.il/faculty/bible_faculty/tov.html">"Prof. Tov and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prof.+Tov+and+the+Hebrew+University+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewish.huji.ac.il%2Ffaculty%2Fbible_faculty%2Ftov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpart.byu.edu/viewauthor.php?authorID=61">"Prof. Tov and the Brigham Young University"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prof.+Tov+and+the+Brigham+Young+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpart.byu.edu%2Fviewauthor.php%3FauthorID%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmanuel+Tov" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Template:Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Template:Dead Sea Scrolls"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Template talk:Dead Sea Scrolls"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dead Sea Scrolls"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dead_Sea_Scrolls" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F8D810;">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4Q106" title="4Q106">4Q106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q107" title="4Q107">4Q107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q108" title="4Q108">4Q108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q119" title="4Q119">4Q119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q120" title="4Q120">4Q120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q121" title="4Q121">4Q121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q122" title="4Q122">4Q122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q126" title="4Q126">4Q126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q127" title="4Q127">4Q127</a></li> <li>4Q166</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q175" title="4Q175">4Q175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q240" title="4Q240">4Q240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q246" title="4Q246">4Q246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q252" class="mw-redirect" title="4Q252">4Q252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q448" title="4Q448">4Q448</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q521" title="4Q521">4Q521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Qahat" title="Testament of Qahat">4Q542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q41" title="4Q41">4QDeuteronomy<sup>n</sup> (4Q41)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4QInstruction" title="4QInstruction">4QInstruction (4Q415–418, 4Q418a, 4Q423, 1Q26)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4QMMT" title="4QMMT">4QMMT (4Q394–399)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6Q6" title="6Q6">6Q6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7Q1" title="7Q1">7Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7Q5" title="7Q5">7Q5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Psalms_Scroll" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Psalms Scroll">11Q5 The Great Psalms Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_Leviticus_Scroll" title="Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll">11QpaleoLev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11Q13" title="11Q13">11Q13 Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11Q18_New_Jerusalem" title="11Q18 New Jerusalem">11Q18 New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkhi_Nafshi" title="Barkhi Nafshi">Barkhi Nafshi (4Q434–438)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Giants" title="The Book of Giants">The Book of Giants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Mysteries" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Mysteries">The Book of Mysteries (1Q27 and 4Q299–301)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Rule" title="Community Rule">Community Rule (1QS, 4QS, 5Q11, 5Q13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_Scroll" title="Copper Scroll">Copper Scroll (3Q15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Document" title="Damascus Document">Damascus Document (CD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Apocryphon" title="Genesis Apocryphon">Genesis Apocryphon (1QapGen ar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesher_on_Genesis" title="Pesher on Genesis">Genesis Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Minor_Prophets_Scroll_from_Nahal_Hever" title="Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever">Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk_Commentary" title="Habakkuk Commentary">Habakkuk Commentary (1QpHab)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Scroll" title="Isaiah Scroll">Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa<sup>a</sup></a><a href="/wiki/1QIsab" title="1QIsab">,1QIsa<sup>b</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Commentary" title="Nahum Commentary">Nahum Commentary (4QpNah/4Q169)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem_Dead_Sea_Scroll" title="New Jerusalem Dead Sea Scroll">New Jerusalem Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_Leviticus_Scroll" title="Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Scroll">Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus scroll (11QpaleoLev)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_Physiognomies" title="Qumran Physiognomies">Physiognomies</a>/<a href="/wiki/Qumran_%22Horoscopes%22_(4Q186)" title="Qumran "Horoscopes" (4Q186)">Horoscopes (4Q186)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Ezekiel" title="Pseudo-Ezekiel">Pseudo-Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rule_of_the_Blessing" title="The Rule of the Blessing">Rule of the Blessing (1QSb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rule_of_the_Congregation" title="The Rule of the Congregation">Rule of the Congregation (1QSa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Samuel_Scroll" title="The Samuel Scroll">Samuel Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seekers_After_Smooth_Things" title="The Seekers After Smooth Things">The Seekers After Smooth Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_the_Sabbath_Sacrifice" title="Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice">Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q400–407)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q510%E2%80%93511" title="4Q510–511">Songs of the Sage (4Q510–511)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Scroll" title="Temple Scroll">Temple Scroll (11Q19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Hymns" title="Thanksgiving Hymns">Thanksgiving Hymns (1QH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Messiah" title="The War of the Messiah">The War of the Messiah/The Pierced Messiah Text (4Q285/11Q14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sons_of_Light_Against_the_Sons_of_Darkness" title="War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness">War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness (1QM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F8D810;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_Caves" title="Qumran Caves">Qumran Caves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_1" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 1">cave 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_2" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_3" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_4" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_5" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_6" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_7" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_8" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_9" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_10" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_11" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 11">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_cemetery" title="Qumran cemetery">Qumran cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Feshkha" title="Ein Feshkha">Ein Feshkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohlit" title="Kohlit">Kohlit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secacah" title="Secacah">Secacah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Murabba%27at" title="Wadi Murabba'at">Wadi Murabba'at</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F8D810;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dating_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Carbon dating the Dead Sea Scrolls">Carbon dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahad_Ostracon" title="Yahad Ostracon">Yahad Ostracon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesher" title="Pesher">Pesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_messiahs" title="Dual messiahs">Dual messiahs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher_of_Righteousness" title="Teacher of Righteousness">Teacher of Righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicked_Priest" title="Wicked Priest">Wicked Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts" title="Qumran calendrical texts">Calendrical texts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F8D810;">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Abegg" title="Martin Abegg">Martin G. Abegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Allegro" title="John M. Allegro">John Marco Allegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Baumgarten" title="Joseph M. Baumgarten">Joseph M. Baumgarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Collins" title="John J. Collins">John J. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidnie_White_Crawford" title="Sidnie White Crawford">Sidnie White Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_Cross" title="Frank Moore Cross">Frank Moore Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Dupont-Sommer" title="André Dupont-Sommer">André Dupont-Sommer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Eisenman" title="Robert Eisenman">Robert Eisenman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanan_Eshel" title="Hanan Eshel">Hanan Eshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fitzmyer" title="Joseph Fitzmyer">Joseph Fitzmyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Flint" title="Peter Flint">Peter W. Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Noel_Freedman" title="David Noel Freedman">David Noel Freedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Humbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Humbert">Jean-Baptiste Humbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentino_Garc%C3%ADa_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Florentino García Martínez">Florentino García Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Golb" title="Norman Golb">Norman Golb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Lankester_Harding" title="Gerald Lankester Harding">Gerald Lankester Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizhar_Hirschfeld" title="Yizhar Hirschfeld">Yizhar Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest-Marie_Laperrousaz" title="Ernest-Marie Laperrousaz">Ernest-Marie Laperrousaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Magness" title="Jodi Magness">Jodi Magness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Milik" title="Józef Milik">Józef Milik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Qimron" title="Elisha Qimron">Elisha Qimron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Sanders" title="James A. Sanders">James A. Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Schiffman" title="Lawrence Schiffman">Lawrence Schiffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hershel_Shanks" title="Hershel Shanks">Hershel Shanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_W._Skehan" title="Patrick W. Skehan">Patrick W. Skehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_H._Steckoll" title="Solomon H. Steckoll">Solomon H. Steckoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Stegemann" title="Hartmut Stegemann">Hartmut Stegemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Strugnell" title="John Strugnell">John Strugnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_Sukenik" title="Eleazar Sukenik">Eleazar Sukenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Peter_Thiede" title="Carsten Peter Thiede">Carsten Peter Thiede</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emanuel Tov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Trever" title="John C. Trever">John C. Trever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ulrich" title="Eugene Ulrich">Eugene Ulrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_de_Vaux" title="Roland de Vaux">Roland de Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Vermes" title="Géza Vermes">Géza Vermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yigael_Yadin" title="Yigael Yadin">Yigael Yadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_O%27Callaghan_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="José O'Callaghan Martínez">José O'Callaghan Martínez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F8D810;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albright_Institute_of_Archaeological_Research" title="Albright Institute of Archaeological Research">AIAR</a>/<a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Overseas_Research" title="American Society of Overseas Research">ASOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_Enoch_Scroll" title="Aramaic Enoch Scroll">Aramaic Enoch Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Book" title="Shrine of the Book">Shrine of the Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Center" title="Orion Center">Orion Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Biblique" title="École Biblique">École Biblique</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discoveries_in_the_Judaean_Desert" title="Discoveries in the Judaean Desert">Discoveries in the Judaean Desert</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Samuel">Mar Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_edh-Dhib" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammed edh-Dhib">Muhammed edh-Dhib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Albina" title="Najib Albina">Najib Albina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q363134#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q363134#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q363134#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109096983">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64423120">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1458690/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkxMPqPvKYKPfvxXMk7HC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124538878">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83175754">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12028047f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12028047f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35553931">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=zmp20201073769&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068812094">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90342868">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000073217&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000559264&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200803425">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810572634505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/3672">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007268922405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14524047">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04048858?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-5151">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=26036825500">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Da3c564AAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td 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