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title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-演變" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#演變"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>演變</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-演變-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">批發</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。50种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9" title="بيع بالجملة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيع بالجملة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topdansat%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Topdansatış – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Topdansatış" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Търговия на едро – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Търговия на едро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorista" title="Majorista – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Majorista" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakyaw" title="Pakyaw – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pakyaw" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velkoobchod" title="Velkoobchod – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velkoobchod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engroshandel" title="Engroshandel – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Engroshandel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fhandel" title="Großhandel – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Großhandel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CF%8E%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Χονδρική πώληση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χονδρική πώληση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesaling" title="Wholesaling – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wholesaling" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogranda_komerco" title="Pogranda komerco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pogranda komerco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayorista" title="Mayorista – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mayorista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handizkari" title="Handizkari – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Handizkari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="عمده‌فروشی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عمده‌فروشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukkukauppa" title="Tukkukauppa – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tukkukauppa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce_de_gros" title="Commerce de gros – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Commerce de gros" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="סיטונאות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיטונאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagykereskedelem" title="Nagykereskedelem – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nagykereskedelem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkulakan" title="Perkulakan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perkulakan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B8%E5%A3%B2" title="卸売 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="卸売" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Көтерме сауда – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көтерме сауда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0" title="ಸಗಟು ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಗಟು ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%A7%A4" title="도매 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도매" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didmenin%C4%97_prekyba" title="Didmeninė prekyba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didmeninė prekyba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vairumtirdzniec%C4%ABba" title="Vairumtirdzniecība – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vairumtirdzniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varotra_ambongadiny" title="Varotra ambongadiny – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Varotra ambongadiny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="മൊത്തക്കച്ചവടം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊത്തക്കച്ചവടം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasar_borong" title="Pasar borong – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pasar borong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groothandel" title="Groothandel – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groothandel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grossisthandel" title="Grossisthandel – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grossisthandel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel_hurtowy" title="Handel hurtowy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Handel hurtowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%A9" title="تھوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacado" title="Atacado – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atacado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Оптовая торговля – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оптовая торговля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BF%D9%88%DA%AA_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4" title="ٿوڪ فروش – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٿوڪ فروش" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veleprodaja" title="Veleprodaja – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Veleprodaja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9C_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8" title="තොග වෙළෙඳාම – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තොග වෙළෙඳාම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesale" title="Wholesale – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wholesale" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%BEkoobchod" title="Veľkoobchod – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Veľkoobchod" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shitja_me_shumic%C3%AB" title="Shitja me shumicë – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shitja me shumicë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velikoprodaja" title="Velikoprodaja – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Velikoprodaja" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partihandel" title="Partihandel – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Partihandel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="การขายส่ง – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การขายส่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toptanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Toptancılık – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toptancılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Гуртова торгівля – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуртова торгівля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="تھوک فروشی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھوک فروشی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulgurji_savdo" title="Ulgurji savdo – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ulgurji savdo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_bu%C3%B4n" title="Bán buôn – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bán buôn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C4%81-b%C4%93" title="Toā-bē – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Toā-bē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC" title="批發 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="批發" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q220695#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antistub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/44px-Antistub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/66px-Antistub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/88px-Antistub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要擴充。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2017年5月23日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC&action=edit">改善这篇條目</a>，更進一步的信息可能會在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC" title="Talk:批發">討論頁</a>或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82" 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2017年5月23日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC%22">"批發"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_-_Tokyo_(9979120254).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Japan_-_Tokyo_%289979120254%29.jpg/250px-Japan_-_Tokyo_%289979120254%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Japan_-_Tokyo_%289979120254%29.jpg/375px-Japan_-_Tokyo_%289979120254%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Japan_-_Tokyo_%289979120254%29.jpg/500px-Japan_-_Tokyo_%289979120254%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>日本<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="築地市場">築地市場</a>內的中盤商家一景。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fredmeyer_edit_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fredmeyer_edit_1.jpg/250px-Fredmeyer_edit_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fredmeyer_edit_1.jpg/375px-Fredmeyer_edit_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fredmeyer_edit_1.jpg/500px-Fredmeyer_edit_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="1835" /></a><figcaption>美國連鎖量販店<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗雷德邁爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fred Meyer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%81%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗雷德邁爾（页面不存在）">弗雷德邁爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Meyer" class="extiw" title="en:Fred Meyer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fred Meyer</span></a></span>）</span></span>位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD_(%E5%A5%A7%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="波特蘭 (奧勒岡州)">波特蘭</a>的一家門市。貨架上可見商品以大份量包裝出售，此為量販店的特色之一。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>批發</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a>對應詞：<span lang="en"><b>Wholesale</b></span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="商品">商品</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E6%87%89%E9%8F%88" class="mw-redirect" title="供應鏈">供應鏈</a>中在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="生產">生產</a>者（包含<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="第一產業">初級生產</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="第二產業">工業</a>生產）與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE" title="零售">零售</a>者之間從事<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%B7%E5%94%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="銷售">銷售</a>的行為的人，為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="貿易">貿易</a>專業<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B7%A5" title="分工">分工</a>之下的產物。與零售最大的不同在於商品銷售的數量。為從事批發的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="業者">業者</a>稱為<b>批發商</b>，中文俗稱為「<b>盤商</b>」，來自於「盤貨」一詞<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_Central_Wing_Kut_Street_Wholesale_n_Retailing_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/HK_Central_Wing_Kut_Street_Wholesale_n_Retailing_2.JPG/220px-HK_Central_Wing_Kut_Street_Wholesale_n_Retailing_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/HK_Central_Wing_Kut_Street_Wholesale_n_Retailing_2.JPG/330px-HK_Central_Wing_Kut_Street_Wholesale_n_Retailing_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/HK_Central_Wing_Kut_Street_Wholesale_n_Retailing_2.JPG/440px-HK_Central_Wing_Kut_Street_Wholesale_n_Retailing_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>中國製造的小飾品批發</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sligro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sligro.jpg/220px-Sligro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sligro.jpg/330px-Sligro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sligro.jpg/440px-Sligro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>美國食品批發超市，將零售與批發在同一場所營業</figcaption></figure> <p>批發可以透過個人進行，但更多時候是由機構（例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="公司">公司</a>）所進行。批發商通常以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86" title="代理">代理</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="經紀">經紀</a>的方式，擔當生產與銷售兩方之間的中介者。批發商購入商品後，會將商品以較大數量分類、分級後，再以較小數量（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="散裝貨物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Break bulk cargo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E8%A3%9D%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="散裝貨物（页面不存在）">散裝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break_bulk_cargo" class="extiw" title="en:Break bulk cargo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Break bulk cargo</span></a></span>）</span></span>）的方式包裝及分銷。批發商上游的的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="供应">供應</a>者，可能是批發商，也可能是初級生產者（例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="農夫">農夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E6%B0%91" title="漁民">漁民</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="豬">豬</a>農等）。批發商的活動都是為商品增值，其供應鏈的下流参與者，可能是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE" title="零售">零售</a>商，也是商品増值者。批發商面對的供應鏈最下游為零售商，再由零售商將商品銷售給<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="消費者">消費者</a>。 </p><p>各種商品依照所需的銷售方式，會有不同的批發層別與體系，一般分為兩層：在供應鏈最上層、與生產商從事第一手產品購入的批發業者，稱為「大盤商」；在大盤商與一般<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE" title="零售">零售</a>業者之間的批發商，則稱為「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中盤商" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="仲卸"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E7%9B%A4%E5%95%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中盤商（页面不存在）">中盤商</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%B2%E5%8D%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:仲卸"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">仲卸</span></a></span>）</span></span>」。在長途的商品供應鏈中，可能會需要數個供應商，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="國際貿易">國際貿易</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="出口商">出口商</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8F%A3%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="進口商">進口商</a>，或者商品銷售的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86" title="代理">代理</a>商。他們俗稱為「拆家」。 </p><p>在商品增值活動中，批發商除了扮演拆貨、併貨、再<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%9D" title="包裝">包裝</a>、分派等的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%81" title="物流">物流</a>作用之外，還有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E4%BF%A1%E8%B2%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商業信貸（页面不存在）">商業信貸</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="放款（页面不存在）">放款</a>之功能，例如賣貨給零售商，給予30天或60天後的付款期。因為此角色有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E9%87%91%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="现金流">現金流</a>的壓力，所以資本雄厚的企業較能成為批發商。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" title="中小型企業">中小型企業</a>發達的國家，部分中小型企業會專攻某個領域的批發交易，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E9%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="紅酒">紅酒</a>的入口批發，但必須提防大型零售商的價格控制。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="演變"><span id=".E6.BC.94.E8.AE.8A"></span>演變</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：演變"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>批發商因擔當商品中介的重要角色，常成為商品<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="價格">價格</a>的控制者；也因掌握最多有關商品交易的資訊，而變相成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E4%B8%8D%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="資訊不對稱">資訊不對稱</a>現象的獲益者。為避免批發商因決定商品價格而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%9F%E6%96%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="壟斷">壟斷</a>市場，部分國家限制特定產業的商品批發（尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="農產品">農產品</a>），並交由<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="公營">公營</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C" title="政府和社会资本合作">半公營</a>的機構負責。 </p><p>在商品供應鏈的傳統模式下，零售商的顧客、也就是商品的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="消費者">消費者</a>，是不會接觸到批發者的。但隨著19世紀以來<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="交通運輸">交通運輸</a>技術改善、以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="資訊科技">資訊科技</a>的發展，現代<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%8A%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="直銷">直銷</a>模式、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E8%B2%A9%E5%BA%97" title="量販店">量販店</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="電子商務">電子商務</a>相繼興起，使消費者可以直接與最上游的批發商、甚至生產者購買商品，也省下因商品轉手而被迫負擔的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="交易成本">交易成本</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE" title="零售">零售</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE%E5%95%86" title="零售商">零售商</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="貿易">貿易</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%81" title="物流">物流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%82%E7%9B%B4%E8%A1%8C%E9%8A%B7%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="垂直行銷系統">垂直行銷系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E8%B2%A9%E5%BA%97" title="量販店">量販店</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%9E%E5%80%BC%E7%A8%8E" title="增值税">增值税</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96%E5%BA%97" title="連鎖店">連鎖店</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" title="中小型企業">中小型企業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%8A%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="直銷">直銷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E8%B2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="期貨">期貨</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%8E%A8%E8%A1%8C%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="教育部國語推行委員會">教育部國語推行委員會</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?o=dcbdic&searchid=W00000000718">盤</a>. 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本（臺灣學術網路第五版試用版）. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國教育部">中華民國教育部</a>. 2015-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-05-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411064151/http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?o=dcbdic&searchid=W00000000718">存档</a>于2021-04-11） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC&rft.atitle=%E7%9B%A4&rft.au=%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%8E%A8%E8%A1%8C%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&rft.date=2015-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8%E9%87%8D%E7%B7%A8%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%BE%AD%E5%85%B8%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%88%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%89%88%E8%A9%A6%E7%94%A8%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdict.revised.moe.edu.tw%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcbdic%2Fgsweb.cgi%3Fo%3Ddcbdic%26searchid%3DW00000000718&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="商品市場（页面不存在）">狭义市场</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="傳統市場">传统市场</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%B8%82" title="集市">集市</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A2%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="逢场（页面不存在）">逢场</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B2%A9" title="小販">路边摊</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E9%83%8E" title="货郎">货郎担</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="傳統市場">傳統市場</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E8%B4%B8%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="农贸市场">农贸市场</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小商品市场（页面不存在）">小商品市场</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E8%9A%A4%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="跳蚤市場">跳蚤市場</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E8%B2%A8%E5%BA%97" title="雜貨店">雜貨店</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%BA%97" title="商店">商店</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE" title="零售">零售商</a> - <a class="mw-selflink selflink">批发商</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="现代市场（页面不存在）">现代市场</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B2%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="百貨公司">百货商场</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96%E5%BA%97" title="連鎖店">連鎖店</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%9B%9F%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96" title="加盟連鎖">加盟店</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C%E5%BA%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="品牌店（页面不存在）">品牌店</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E5%BA%97" title="專門店">专卖店</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E8%A1%97" title="步行街">步行街</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%A0%B4" title="商場">商場</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="超級市場">超級市場</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%95%86%E5%BA%97" title="便利商店">便利商店</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%9E%8B%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A" title="資訊型廣告">電視購物</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%90%A5%E9%94%80" title="网络营销">网上销售</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="广义市场" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非商品市场（页面不存在）">广义市场</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="金融市场">金融市场</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="资本市场">资本市场</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="货币市场">货币市场</a>-（<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="證券市場">證券市場</a>等）- <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A1%E7%A5%A8%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="股票市场">股票市场</a> - <a 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title="人事代理服务（页面不存在）">人事代理服务</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%95%E7%94%A2%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="不動產市場">房产市场</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="信息市场（页面不存在）">信息市场</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="旅游">旅游市场</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="产业市场（页面不存在）">产业市场</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style 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