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37.5rem){.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1qjbknt-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;padding:0;margin-top:-0.25rem;width:100%;}.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{padding-right:0.5rem;margin-right:0.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{padding-right:1rem;}}.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;height:2.0625rem;vertical-align:middle;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 25.625rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;width:auto;}}@media (max-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{padding:0 0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;max-width:7rem;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 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off;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;position:relative;display:block;top:0;left:0;z-index:1;padding:1rem;background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #8A8C8E;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;margin:auto;width:-webkit-max-content;width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1mjrbfa-AccessibilityLink:focus{position:absolute;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:100%;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-right:3rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{padding-right:0;}}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList >li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;min-width:2.75rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;text-align:left;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-5fw2ee-AccountComponentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;min-width:inherit;width:inherit;}.ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;text-align:left;display:inline-block;position:absolute;}html.no-js .ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{display:none;}.ssrcss-n7m3zs-StyledLoadingPlaceholderWrapper{min-width:inherit;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:100%;}.ssrcss-h8wpjv-StyledAccountPlaceholderIconWrapper{display:inline-block;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-h8wpjv-StyledAccountPlaceholderIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;border-radius:50%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-82dxfl-Skeleton-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderText{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;width:100%;border-radius:5%;height:0.875rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;box-sizing:border-box;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;min-width:1.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;text-align:center;margin-right:0.3125rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0071F1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.625rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}html.no-js .ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{opacity:1;pointer-events:all;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:inherit;margin-right:0;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:8.5rem;text-align:left;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:2rem;height:2rem;vertical-align:-0.6875rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;vertical-align:-0.5625rem;}}.ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon{display:block;height:100%;width:100%;fill:currentcolor;}.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:block;border-left:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;height:1.5rem;margin-top:1rem;}}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(8){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;margin-left:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct#more-menu-button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-width:3rem;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:1.25rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{margin-top:0;min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media ( min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState{width:2rem;}}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.25rem;height:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper>svg{vertical-align:0.1875rem;}}.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;padding-left:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{padding-left:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#E6E8EA;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}}.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;color:#000000;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media ( min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:auto;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:28rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li{padding-right:1.25rem;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:1.75rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#141414;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 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18.75rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 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class="ssrcss-pf1qpm-HeaderWrapper eff5ysv0"><a href="/news/bbcindepth" class="ssrcss-ctd1qz-BBCInDepthBrandLink e1wz1n9n1"><img alt="BBC InDepth" loading="eager" src="https://static.files.bbci.co.uk/core/website/assets/static/articles/bbc-in-depth-logo.87a26ad1ad5f4a019b3b.svg" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></a><div class="ssrcss-1m8wg1s-HeadingWrapper e1wz1n9n8"><h1 id="main-heading" type="headlineAlternative" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1xg4l7r-Heading e10rt3ze0"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The Lebanon ceasefire is a respite, not a solution for the Middle East</p></h1></div><div class="ssrcss-p1x80k-MetadataStripWrapper e1wz1n9n7"><ul class="ssrcss-195mc3u-MetadataStripList e1wz1n9n6"><li><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</span><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-1if1g9v-MetadataText e4wm5bw1"><time data-testid="timestamp" dateTime="2024-11-27T19:50:47.735Z">27 November 2024</time></span></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1t9jjvj-ImageBox e1wz1n9n5"><div class="ssrcss-1sk2upk-SquareImageWrapper e1wz1n9n2"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-got162-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/400/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 400w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/640/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 640w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/960/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 960w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 1280w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1440/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 1440w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1800/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 1800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 1920w" type="image/webp" sizes="(min-width: 900px) 50vw, 100vw"/><img alt="Smoke rises from the site of an Israeli airstrike that targeted Beirut's southern suburbs " loading="eager" sizes="(min-width: 900px) 50vw, 100vw" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/2560/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/400/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 400w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/640/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 640w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/960/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 960w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 1280w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1440/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 1440w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1800/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 1800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/b7f7/live/e1251070-acb7-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 1920w" width="2560" height="2560" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span></div></figure></div></div></header><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="byline-block" class="ssrcss-1d4ve09-BylineComponentWrapper e8mq1e90"><div class="ssrcss-qt5zqv-BylineWrapper e8mq1e917"><div class="ssrcss-19r1h8t-ContributorContainer e8mq1e916"><div class="ssrcss-1bsxjdu-Container-ContributorPhoto e8mq1e912"><div class="ssrcss-1f4spe2-ImageWrapper e8mq1e911"><span class="ssrcss-got162-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/160/cpsprodpb/f256/live/f0c95320-aca2-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 160w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Jeremy Bowen" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/160/cpsprodpb/f256/live/f0c95320-aca2-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/160/cpsprodpb/f256/live/f0c95320-aca2-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 160w" width="160" height="160" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1qc7pto-Container-ContributorDetails e8mq1e913"><div class="ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName e8mq1e96">Jeremy Bowen</div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e8mq1e910">International Editor</div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e8mq1e910"><div class="ssrcss-1q14p6q-LinkWithChevronContainer e8mq1e91"><a href="https://twitter.com/BowenBBC" class="ssrcss-lo1ylm-StyledLink e8mq1e92">@BowenBBC</a><span class="ssrcss-86zs3k-IconContainer-IconContainerChevron e8mq1e93"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M21.6 14.3 5.5 31h6.4l14.6-15L11.9 1H5.5l16.1 16.7z"></path></svg></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-jlwt2c-Divider e8mq1e915"></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><div class="ssrcss-1x9m6ni-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi0"><ul role="list"><li><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><a href="/sounds/play/p0k7dnjv" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">Listen to Jeremy read this article</b></a></p></li></ul></div><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">For most of the people of Lebanon, a ceasefire could not come quickly enough. A leading Lebanese analyst at a conference on the Middle East that I’m attending in Rome said she couldn’t sleep as the appointed hour for the ceasefire came closer.</b></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“It was like the night before Christmas when you’re a kid. I couldn’t wait for it to happen.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">You can see why there’s relief. More than 3,500 citizens of Lebanon have been killed in Israeli strikes. Displaced people packed their cars before dawn to try to get back to whatever remains of their homes. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Well over one million of them have been forced to flee by Israeli military action. Thousands have been wounded and the homes of tens of thousands of others have been destroyed.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But in Israel, some feel they have lost the chance to do more damage to Hezbollah. </p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-n0t9s-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A treated image showing buildings in ruins after an Israeli strikes in Southern Lebanon " loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 976w" width="1920" height="1280" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Reuters</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Damaged buildings in southern Lebanon - more than one million people fled the country</p></div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met the heads of Israel’s northern municipalities, which have been turned into ghost towns with around 60,000 <a href="/news/articles/cj3m4n4lmrko" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">civilians evacuated</a> further south. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Israel’s Ynet news website reported that it was an angry meeting that turned into a shouting match, with some of the local officials frustrated that Israel was taking the pressure off their enemies in Lebanon and not offering an immediate plan to get civilians home.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In a newspaper column, the mayor of Kiryat Shmona, close to the border, said he doubted the ceasefire would be enforced, demanding that Israel creates a<a href="/news/articles/c9vp7dg3ml1o" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"> buffer zone in south Lebanon</a>. In a poll commissioned by the Israeli station Channel 12 News those questioned were roughly split between supporters and opponents of the ceasefire. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Half of the participants in the survey believe Hezbollah has not been defeated and 30% think the ceasefire will collapse.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-n0t9s-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A treated image showing a Lebanese girl standing in a vehicle, returning to her house after cease-fire " loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 976w" width="1920" height="1280" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>ANADOLU</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">People returned to their homes after the ceasefire was announced </p></div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Back in late September, at the UN General Assembly in New York, a deal looked as if it was close. Diplomats from the US and UK were convinced that a ceasefire very similar to the one that is now coming into force was about to happen. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">All sides in the war appeared to have signalled their willingness to accept a ceasefire based on the provisions of Security Council resolution 1701, which was passed to end the 2006 Lebanon war: Hezbollah would pull back from the border to be replaced by UN peacekeepers and the Lebanese Armed Forces. As they moved in, Israeli forces would gradually move out.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But Prime Minister Netanyahu went to the podium at the UN to deliver a fiery speech that refused to accept any pause in Israel’s offensive.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Back at his New York hotel Netanyahu’s official photographer captured the moment as he ordered the assassination of Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, along with most of his high command. Netanyahu’s office released the photos, in another calculated snub for American diplomacy.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The assassination was a significant escalation and a blow to Hezbollah. In the weeks since, Israel’s military has inflicted immense damage to Hezbollah’s military organisation. It could still fire rockets over the border and its fighters continued to engage Israel’s invasion force. But <a href="/news/articles/ce89r02w1z1o" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">Hezbollah is no longer the same threat</a> to Israel.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-z0dilw-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Netanyahu-Time-to-replenish-stocks" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Netanyahu: Time to 'replenish stocks’</span></h2></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Military success is one of several factors that have come together to persuade Benjamin Netanyahu that this is a good time to stop. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Israel’s agenda in Lebanon is more limited than in Gaza and the rest of the occupied Palestinian territories. It wants to push Hezbollah back from its northern border and to allow civilians to return to border towns. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">If Hezbollah looks to be preparing an attack, Israel has a side letter from the Americans agreeing that it can take military action.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In a recorded statement announcing his decision, Netanyahu listed the reasons why it was time for a ceasefire. Israel, he said, had made the ground in Beirut shake. Now there was a chance ‘to give our forces a breather and replenish stocks,’ he continued.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Israel had also broken the connection between Gaza and Lebanon. After the late Hassan Nasrallah ordered the attacks on Israel’s north, the day after Hamas went to war on 7 October last year, he said they would continue until there was a ceasefire in Gaza.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-1deed7p-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg.webp 800w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Map of Gaza, Israel and Lebanon" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg 800w" width="800" height="448.00000000000006" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span></div></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Now, Netanyahu said, Hamas in Gaza would be under even more pressure. Palestinians fear another escalation in Israel’s Gaza offensive.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">There was one more reason; to concentrate on what Netanyahu called the Iranian threat. Damaging Hezbollah means damaging Iran. It was built up by the Iranians to create a threat right on Israel’s border. Hezbollah became the strongest part of Iran’s axis of resistance, the name it gave to its network of forward defence made up of allies and proxies.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-z0dilw-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Why-Iran-wanted-a-ceasefire" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Why Iran wanted a ceasefire</span></h2></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Just like Hezbollah’s surviving leaders, their patrons in Iran also wanted a ceasefire. Hezbollah needs a pause to lick its wounds. Iran needs to stop the geostrategic bleeding. Its axis of resistance is no longer a deterrent. Iran’s missile attack on Israel after Nasrallah’s assassination did not repair the damage.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Two men, both now assassinated, designed Hezbollah to deter Israel not just from attacking Lebanon – but also from attacking Iran. They were Qasem Soleimani, head of the Quds Force of Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, who was killed by an American drone strike at Baghdad airport in January 2020. The order was issued by Donald Trump in his last few weeks in the White House at the end of his first term. The other was Hassan Nasrallah, killed by a huge Israeli air strike in Beirut’s southern suburbs.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Hezbollah and Iran’s deterrence strategy matched<a href="/news/articles/cm2742rynqgo" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"> Israel’s own deterrence</a> for almost 20 years after the end of the 2006 war. But among the profound changes caused by the 7 October attacks was Israel’s determination not to accept restrictions on the wars it would wage in response. America, its most important ally, also put almost no restrictions on the supply or use of the weapons it kept on providing.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Nasrallah and Iran failed to see what had happened. They did not understand how Israel had changed. They sought to impose a war of attrition on Israel, and succeeded for almost a year. Then on 17 September Israel broke out of it by triggering the miniature bombs built into the network of booby-trapped pagers its intelligence services had duped Hezbollah into buying.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Hezbollah was thrown off balance. Before it could react with the most powerful weapons Iran had provided, Israel killed Nasrallah and most of his key lieutenants, accompanied by massive strikes that destroyed arms dumps. That was followed by an invasion of South Lebanon and the wholesale destruction of Lebanese border villages as well as Hezbollah’s tunnel network.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-z0dilw-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Trump-Gaza-and-the-future" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Trump, Gaza and the future</span></h2></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">A ceasefire in Lebanon is not necessarily a precursor to one in Gaza. Gaza is different. The war there is about more than security of the border, and Israeli hostages. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">It is also about revenge, about Benjamin Netanyahu’s political survival, and his government’s absolute rejection of Palestinian aspirations for independence.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The Lebanon ceasefire is fragile and deliberately paced to buy time for it to work. When the 60 days in which it is supposed to take effect ends, Donald Trump will be back in the Oval Office. President-elect Trump has indicated that he wants a ceasefire in Lebanon, but his precise plans have not yet emerged.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-n0t9s-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A treated image showing a group of women and girls welcoming the people coming back to Tyre " loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/9d86/live/d8929b40-ad6a-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 976w" width="1920" height="1280" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Reuters</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">People return to the city of Tyre, Lebanon after the ceasefire comes into effect</p></div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The Middle East is waiting for the ways he might affect the region. Some optimists hope that he might want to create a moment akin to President Nixon’s sensational visit to China in 1972 by reaching out to Iran. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The pessimists fear he might abandon even the hollow genuflection that the US still makes to the idea of a creating an independent Palestine alongside Israel – the so-called two state solution. That might pave the way to annexation of those parts of the occupied Palestinian territories Israel wants, including much of the West Bank and northern Gaza.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">What is certain though is that the<a href="/news/articles/c781vgy3918o" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"> Middle East has no chance of escaping</a> more generations of war and violent death until the region’s fundamental political ruptures are faced and fixed. The biggest is the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Benjamin Netanyahu and his government, along with most Israelis believe it is possible to dominate their enemies by pressing on to a military victory. Netanyahu is actively using force, unrestrained by the US, to alter the balance of power in the Middle East in Israel’s favour.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In a conflict that has lasted more than a century both Arabs and Jews have dreamt repeatedly of peace through military victory. Every generation has tried and failed. The catastrophic consequences of the Hamas attacks on Israel on 7 October 2023 ripped away any pretence that the conflict could be managed while Israel continued to deny Palestinian rights to self-determination. The ceasefire in Lebanon is a respite. It is not a solution.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><i class="ssrcss-xbdn93-ItalicText e5tfeyi2">Top picture credit: Getty Images </i></p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><a href="/news/bbcindepth" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"><i class="ssrcss-xbdn93-ItalicText e5tfeyi2">BBC InDepth</i></a><i class="ssrcss-xbdn93-ItalicText e5tfeyi2"> is the new home on the website and app for the best analysis and expertise from our top journalists. Under a distinctive new brand, we’ll bring you fresh perspectives that challenge assumptions, and deep reporting on the biggest issues to help you make sense of a complex world. 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A leading Lebanese analyst at a conference on the Middle East that I’m attending in Rome said she couldn’t sleep as the appointed hour for the ceasefire came closer.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For most of the people of Lebanon, a ceasefire could not come quickly enough. A leading Lebanese analyst at a conference on the Middle East that I’m attending in Rome said she couldn’t sleep as the appointed hour for the ceasefire came closer.\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“It was like the night before Christmas when you’re a kid. I couldn’t wait for it to happen.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“It was like the night before Christmas when you’re a kid. I couldn’t wait for it to happen.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"You can see why there’s relief. More than 3,500 citizens of Lebanon have been killed in Israeli strikes. Displaced people packed their cars before dawn to try to get back to whatever remains of their homes. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"You can see why there’s relief. More than 3,500 citizens of Lebanon have been killed in Israeli strikes. Displaced people packed their cars before dawn to try to get back to whatever remains of their homes. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Well over one million of them have been forced to flee by Israeli military action. Thousands have been wounded and the homes of tens of thousands of others have been destroyed.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Well over one million of them have been forced to flee by Israeli military action. Thousands have been wounded and the homes of tens of thousands of others have been destroyed.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But in Israel, some feel they have lost the chance to do more damage to Hezbollah. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But in Israel, some feel they have lost the chance to do more damage to Hezbollah. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Damaged buildings in southern Lebanon - more than one million people fled the country\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Damaged buildings in southern Lebanon - more than one million people fled the country\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"A treated image showing buildings in ruins after an Israeli strikes in Southern Lebanon \",\"copyright\":\"Reuters\",\"height\":1280,\"width\":1920,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/6302/live/1c2c2d50-acb5-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met the heads of Israel’s northern municipalities, which have been turned into ghost towns with around 60,000 civilians evacuated further south. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met the heads of Israel’s northern municipalities, which have been turned into ghost towns with around 60,000 \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"civilians evacuated\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"civilians evacuated\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/news/articles/cj3m4n4lmrko\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" further south. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Israel’s Ynet news website reported that it was an angry meeting that turned into a shouting match, with some of the local officials frustrated that Israel was taking the pressure off their enemies in Lebanon and not offering an immediate plan to get civilians home.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Israel’s Ynet news website reported that it was an angry meeting that turned into a shouting match, with some of the local officials frustrated that Israel was taking the pressure off their enemies in Lebanon and not offering an immediate plan to get civilians home.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In a newspaper column, the mayor of Kiryat Shmona, close to the border, said he doubted the ceasefire would be enforced, demanding that Israel creates a buffer zone in south Lebanon. In a poll commissioned by the Israeli station Channel 12 News those questioned were roughly split between supporters and opponents of the ceasefire. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In a newspaper column, the mayor of Kiryat Shmona, close to the border, said he doubted the ceasefire would be enforced, demanding that Israel creates a\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" buffer zone in south Lebanon\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" buffer zone in south Lebanon\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/news/articles/c9vp7dg3ml1o\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". In a poll commissioned by the Israeli station Channel 12 News those questioned were roughly split between supporters and opponents of the ceasefire. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Half of the participants in the survey believe Hezbollah has not been defeated and 30% think the ceasefire will collapse.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Half of the participants in the survey believe Hezbollah has not been defeated and 30% think the ceasefire will collapse.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"People returned to their homes after the ceasefire was announced \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"People returned to their homes after the ceasefire was announced \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"A treated image showing a Lebanese girl standing in a vehicle, returning to her house after cease-fire\\n\",\"copyright\":\"ANADOLU\",\"height\":1280,\"width\":1920,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/c5c3/live/2c8f3c10-acb4-11ef-8ab9-9192db313061.png 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Back in late September, at the UN General Assembly in New York, a deal looked as if it was close. Diplomats from the US and UK were convinced that a ceasefire very similar to the one that is now coming into force was about to happen. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Back in late September, at the UN General Assembly in New York, a deal looked as if it was close. Diplomats from the US and UK were convinced that a ceasefire very similar to the one that is now coming into force was about to happen. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"All sides in the war appeared to have signalled their willingness to accept a ceasefire based on the provisions of Security Council resolution 1701, which was passed to end the 2006 Lebanon war: Hezbollah would pull back from the border to be replaced by UN peacekeepers and the Lebanese Armed Forces. As they moved in, Israeli forces would gradually move out.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"All sides in the war appeared to have signalled their willingness to accept a ceasefire based on the provisions of Security Council resolution 1701, which was passed to end the 2006 Lebanon war: Hezbollah would pull back from the border to be replaced by UN peacekeepers and the Lebanese Armed Forces. As they moved in, Israeli forces would gradually move out.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But Prime Minister Netanyahu went to the podium at the UN to deliver a fiery speech that refused to accept any pause in Israel’s offensive.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But Prime Minister Netanyahu went to the podium at the UN to deliver a fiery speech that refused to accept any pause in Israel’s offensive.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Back at his New York hotel Netanyahu’s official photographer captured the moment as he ordered the assassination of Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, along with most of his high command. Netanyahu’s office released the photos, in another calculated snub for American diplomacy.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Back at his New York hotel Netanyahu’s official photographer captured the moment as he ordered the assassination of Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, along with most of his high command. Netanyahu’s office released the photos, in another calculated snub for American diplomacy.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The assassination was a significant escalation and a blow to Hezbollah. In the weeks since, Israel’s military has inflicted immense damage to Hezbollah’s military organisation. It could still fire rockets over the border and its fighters continued to engage Israel’s invasion force. But Hezbollah is no longer the same threat to Israel.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The assassination was a significant escalation and a blow to Hezbollah. In the weeks since, Israel’s military has inflicted immense damage to Hezbollah’s military organisation. It could still fire rockets over the border and its fighters continued to engage Israel’s invasion force. But \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Hezbollah is no longer the same threat\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Hezbollah is no longer the same threat\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/news/articles/ce89r02w1z1o\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" to Israel.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Netanyahu: Time to 'replenish stocks’\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Netanyahu: Time to 'replenish stocks’\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Netanyahu-Time-to-replenish-stocks\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Military success is one of several factors that have come together to persuade Benjamin Netanyahu that this is a good time to stop. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Military success is one of several factors that have come together to persuade Benjamin Netanyahu that this is a good time to stop. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Israel’s agenda in Lebanon is more limited than in Gaza and the rest of the occupied Palestinian territories. It wants to push Hezbollah back from its northern border and to allow civilians to return to border towns. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Israel’s agenda in Lebanon is more limited than in Gaza and the rest of the occupied Palestinian territories. It wants to push Hezbollah back from its northern border and to allow civilians to return to border towns. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If Hezbollah looks to be preparing an attack, Israel has a side letter from the Americans agreeing that it can take military action.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If Hezbollah looks to be preparing an attack, Israel has a side letter from the Americans agreeing that it can take military action.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In a recorded statement announcing his decision, Netanyahu listed the reasons why it was time for a ceasefire. Israel, he said, had made the ground in Beirut shake. Now there was a chance ‘to give our forces a breather and replenish stocks,’ he continued.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In a recorded statement announcing his decision, Netanyahu listed the reasons why it was time for a ceasefire. Israel, he said, had made the ground in Beirut shake. Now there was a chance ‘to give our forces a breather and replenish stocks,’ he continued.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Israel had also broken the connection between Gaza and Lebanon. After the late Hassan Nasrallah ordered the attacks on Israel’s north, the day after Hamas went to war on 7 October last year, he said they would continue until there was a ceasefire in Gaza.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Israel had also broken the connection between Gaza and Lebanon. After the late Hassan Nasrallah ordered the attacks on Israel’s north, the day after Hamas went to war on 7 October last year, he said they would continue until there was a ceasefire in Gaza.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Map of Gaza, Israel and Lebanon\",\"copyright\":null,\"height\":448.00000000000006,\"width\":800,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg.webp 800w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/49a2/live/00225090-ad81-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.jpg 800w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Now, Netanyahu said, Hamas in Gaza would be under even more pressure. Palestinians fear another escalation in Israel’s Gaza offensive.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Now, Netanyahu said, Hamas in Gaza would be under even more pressure. Palestinians fear another escalation in Israel’s Gaza offensive.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There was one more reason; to concentrate on what Netanyahu called the Iranian threat. Damaging Hezbollah means damaging Iran. It was built up by the Iranians to create a threat right on Israel’s border. Hezbollah became the strongest part of Iran’s axis of resistance, the name it gave to its network of forward defence made up of allies and proxies.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There was one more reason; to concentrate on what Netanyahu called the Iranian threat. Damaging Hezbollah means damaging Iran. It was built up by the Iranians to create a threat right on Israel’s border. Hezbollah became the strongest part of Iran’s axis of resistance, the name it gave to its network of forward defence made up of allies and proxies.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Why Iran wanted a ceasefire\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Why Iran wanted a ceasefire\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Why-Iran-wanted-a-ceasefire\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Just like Hezbollah’s surviving leaders, their patrons in Iran also wanted a ceasefire. Hezbollah needs a pause to lick its wounds. Iran needs to stop the geostrategic bleeding. Its axis of resistance is no longer a deterrent. Iran’s missile attack on Israel after Nasrallah’s assassination did not repair the damage.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Just like Hezbollah’s surviving leaders, their patrons in Iran also wanted a ceasefire. Hezbollah needs a pause to lick its wounds. Iran needs to stop the geostrategic bleeding. Its axis of resistance is no longer a deterrent. Iran’s missile attack on Israel after Nasrallah’s assassination did not repair the damage.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Two men, both now assassinated, designed Hezbollah to deter Israel not just from attacking Lebanon – but also from attacking Iran. They were Qasem Soleimani, head of the Quds Force of Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, who was killed by an American drone strike at Baghdad airport in January 2020. The order was issued by Donald Trump in his last few weeks in the White House at the end of his first term. The other was Hassan Nasrallah, killed by a huge Israeli air strike in Beirut’s southern suburbs.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Two men, both now assassinated, designed Hezbollah to deter Israel not just from attacking Lebanon – but also from attacking Iran. They were Qasem Soleimani, head of the Quds Force of Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, who was killed by an American drone strike at Baghdad airport in January 2020. The order was issued by Donald Trump in his last few weeks in the White House at the end of his first term. The other was Hassan Nasrallah, killed by a huge Israeli air strike in Beirut’s southern suburbs.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Hezbollah and Iran’s deterrence strategy matched Israel’s own deterrence for almost 20 years after the end of the 2006 war. But among the profound changes caused by the 7 October attacks was Israel’s determination not to accept restrictions on the wars it would wage in response. America, its most important ally, also put almost no restrictions on the supply or use of the weapons it kept on providing.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Hezbollah and Iran’s deterrence strategy matched\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" Israel’s own deterrence\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" Israel’s own deterrence\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/news/articles/cm2742rynqgo\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" for almost 20 years after the end of the 2006 war. But among the profound changes caused by the 7 October attacks was Israel’s determination not to accept restrictions on the wars it would wage in response. America, its most important ally, also put almost no restrictions on the supply or use of the weapons it kept on providing.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Nasrallah and Iran failed to see what had happened. They did not understand how Israel had changed. They sought to impose a war of attrition on Israel, and succeeded for almost a year. Then on 17 September Israel broke out of it by triggering the miniature bombs built into the network of booby-trapped pagers its intelligence services had duped Hezbollah into buying.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Nasrallah and Iran failed to see what had happened. They did not understand how Israel had changed. They sought to impose a war of attrition on Israel, and succeeded for almost a year. Then on 17 September Israel broke out of it by triggering the miniature bombs built into the network of booby-trapped pagers its intelligence services had duped Hezbollah into buying.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Hezbollah was thrown off balance. Before it could react with the most powerful weapons Iran had provided, Israel killed Nasrallah and most of his key lieutenants, accompanied by massive strikes that destroyed arms dumps. That was followed by an invasion of South Lebanon and the wholesale destruction of Lebanese border villages as well as Hezbollah’s tunnel network.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Hezbollah was thrown off balance. Before it could react with the most powerful weapons Iran had provided, Israel killed Nasrallah and most of his key lieutenants, accompanied by massive strikes that destroyed arms dumps. That was followed by an invasion of South Lebanon and the wholesale destruction of Lebanese border villages as well as Hezbollah’s tunnel network.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Trump, Gaza and the future\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Trump, Gaza and the future\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Trump-Gaza-and-the-future\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A ceasefire in Lebanon is not necessarily a precursor to one in Gaza. Gaza is different. The war there is about more than security of the border, and Israeli hostages. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A ceasefire in Lebanon is not necessarily a precursor to one in Gaza. Gaza is different. The war there is about more than security of the border, and Israeli hostages. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"It is also about revenge, about Benjamin Netanyahu’s political survival, and his government’s absolute rejection of Palestinian aspirations for independence.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"It is also about revenge, about Benjamin Netanyahu’s political survival, and his government’s absolute rejection of Palestinian aspirations for independence.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Lebanon ceasefire is fragile and deliberately paced to buy time for it to work. When the 60 days in which it is supposed to take effect ends, Donald Trump will be back in the Oval Office. President-elect Trump has indicated that he wants a ceasefire in Lebanon, but his precise plans have not yet emerged.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Lebanon ceasefire is fragile and deliberately paced to buy time for it to work. When the 60 days in which it is supposed to take effect ends, Donald Trump will be back in the Oval Office. 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That might pave the way to annexation of those parts of the occupied Palestinian territories Israel wants, including much of the West Bank and northern Gaza.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The pessimists fear he might abandon even the hollow genuflection that the US still makes to the idea of a creating an independent Palestine alongside Israel – the so-called two state solution. That might pave the way to annexation of those parts of the occupied Palestinian territories Israel wants, including much of the West Bank and northern Gaza.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What is certain though is that the Middle East has no chance of escaping more generations of war and violent death until the region’s fundamental political ruptures are faced and fixed. The biggest is the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What is certain though is that the\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" Middle East has no chance of escaping\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" Middle East has no chance of escaping\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/news/articles/c781vgy3918o\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" more generations of war and violent death until the region’s fundamental political ruptures are faced and fixed. The biggest is the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Benjamin Netanyahu and his government, along with most Israelis believe it is possible to dominate their enemies by pressing on to a military victory. Netanyahu is actively using force, unrestrained by the US, to alter the balance of power in the Middle East in Israel’s favour.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Benjamin Netanyahu and his government, along with most Israelis believe it is possible to dominate their enemies by pressing on to a military victory. Netanyahu is actively using force, unrestrained by the US, to alter the balance of power in the Middle East in Israel’s favour.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In a conflict that has lasted more than a century both Arabs and Jews have dreamt repeatedly of peace through military victory. Every generation has tried and failed. The catastrophic consequences of the Hamas attacks on Israel on 7 October 2023 ripped away any pretence that the conflict could be managed while Israel continued to deny Palestinian rights to self-determination. The ceasefire in Lebanon is a respite. It is not a solution.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In a conflict that has lasted more than a century both Arabs and Jews have dreamt repeatedly of peace through military victory. Every generation has tried and failed. The catastrophic consequences of the Hamas attacks on Israel on 7 October 2023 ripped away any pretence that the conflict could be managed while Israel continued to deny Palestinian rights to self-determination. The ceasefire in Lebanon is a respite. 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