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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Force_Command_Heidelberg&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Force Command Heidelberg">Allied Force Command Heidelberg</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former NATO formation</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Headquarters Allied Force Command<br />Heidelberg<br />(HQ FC Heidelberg)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Central_Army_Group.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Central_Army_Group.png/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Central_Army_Group.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Central_Army_Group.png/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Central_Army_Group.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Central_Army_Group.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="288" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">CENTAG Badge</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1952–2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Disbanded</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">Headquarters</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum" title="Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum">Joint Force Command Brunssum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Barracks" title="Campbell Barracks">Campbell Barracks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p><b>Headquarters Allied Force Command Heidelberg</b> (HQ FC Heidelberg) was a <a href="/wiki/Military_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Military formation">Military formation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO) responsible for providing deployable joint staff elements (DJSE) in support of NATO operations worldwide. It was headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Barracks" title="Campbell Barracks">Campbell Barracks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and reported to the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum" title="Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum">Joint Force Command Brunssum</a> (JFCBS). During the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001-2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)">War in Afghanistan</a>, it provided command and control elements to the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> (ISAF).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was disbanded on 1 April 2013. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Command_AFCENT_badges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/NATO_Command_AFCENT_badges.jpg/220px-NATO_Command_AFCENT_badges.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/NATO_Command_AFCENT_badges.jpg/330px-NATO_Command_AFCENT_badges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/NATO_Command_AFCENT_badges.jpg/440px-NATO_Command_AFCENT_badges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="3745" /></a><figcaption>NATO Command AFCENT badges in the 1980s</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_Allied_Force_Command_Heidelberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_Allied_Force_Command_Heidelberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corps_sectors_in_NATO%27s_Central_Region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Corps_sectors_in_NATO%27s_Central_Region.svg/220px-Corps_sectors_in_NATO%27s_Central_Region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Corps_sectors_in_NATO%27s_Central_Region.svg/330px-Corps_sectors_in_NATO%27s_Central_Region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Corps_sectors_in_NATO%27s_Central_Region.svg/440px-Corps_sectors_in_NATO%27s_Central_Region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1756" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Location during the Cold War</figcaption></figure> <p>The Central Army Group (CENTAG) was established in 1952 and assigned to work with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Europe">United States Army Europe</a> at Campbell Barracks, Heidelberg, Germany. When the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> was activated in 1955, some German personnel were assigned to the plans section of CENTAG.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_Headquarters_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_Headquarters-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1959, the plans section of CENTAG became Headquarters, Central Army Group and was commanded by an <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Army four-star generals">American general</a>. It remained at Campbell Barracks and was charged with defending southern Germany against any prospective <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> attack. It consisted of the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Korps_(Bundeswehr)" class="extiw" title="de:II. Korps (Bundeswehr)">German II Corps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(Bundeswehr)" title="III Corps (Bundeswehr)">German III Corps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">US V Corps</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/VII_Corps_(United_States)" title="VII Corps (United States)">US VII Corps</a>. </p><p>In August 1961, CENTAG was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Mannheim#United_States_military_installations" title="Mannheim">Hammonds Barracks</a>, (formerly Loretto Kaserne) Mannheim-Seckenheim, Germany and remained there until December 1980 when NATO determined coordination was better when three headquarters were located on the same installation. <a href="/wiki/CENTAG_wartime_structure_in_1989" title="CENTAG wartime structure in 1989">CENTAG</a> was returned to Campbell Barracks to be collocated with the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Allied_Tactical_Air_Force" title="Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force">Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force</a> (4 ATAF) and the <a href="/wiki/ACE_Mobile_Force_(Land)" class="mw-redirect" title="ACE Mobile Force (Land)">Allied Command Europe Mobile Force-Land</a> (AMF(L)). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_Land_Forces,_Central_Europe,_1993-2000"><span id="Allied_Land_Forces.2C_Central_Europe.2C_1993-2000"></span>Allied Land Forces, Central Europe, 1993-2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_Allied_Force_Command_Heidelberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Allied Land Forces, Central Europe, 1993-2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Structural changes began in June 1993, when CENTAG and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Army_Group" title="Northern Army Group">Northern Army Group</a> (NORTHAG), <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a>, Germany were deactivated and combined to form Allied Land Forces Central Europe (LANDCENT), which was activated in Heidelberg on 1 July 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>LANDCENT's mission was to:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1) contribute to the protection of peace and deterrence of aggression,</li> <li>2) plan, prepare and direct operations of allocated land forces for the security and defence of his area of responsibility,</li> <li>3) plan, coordinate, and conduct synchronized air/land operations in support of CINCENT's theater campaign, and</li> <li>4) be prepared to conduct peace support operations</li></ul> <p>At the lower level, all strictly national corps in the central region were superseded, in wartime plans terms at least, by the mid 1990s. All NATO corps, except for the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV._Korps_(Bundeswehr)" class="extiw" title="de:IV. Korps (Bundeswehr)">German IV Corps</a>, were then multinational. In the mid-late 1990s there were four multinational main defence corps in NATO's Central Region: one Danish-German (<a href="/wiki/Multinational_Corps_Northeast" title="Multinational Corps Northeast">LANDJUT</a>), one Dutch-German (<a href="/wiki/I._German/Dutch_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="I. German/Dutch Corps">I. GE/NL Corps</a>) and two German-United States (II GE/US and V US/GE). The two German-United States corps were strictly wartime command organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1993, LANDCENT provided troops in the <a href="/wiki/Former_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Republic of Yugoslavia">Former Republic of Yugoslavia</a>. In 1995, LANDCENT provided troops for the <a href="/wiki/Implementation_Force" title="Implementation Force">Implementation Force</a> (IFOR) and later served as the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Stabilization_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabilization Force">Stabilization Force</a> (SFOR) in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia-Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a>. When NATO acted in Kosovo in 1999, LANDCENT began operations in <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a> and would serve as the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">Kosovo Force</a> (KFOR).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally, LANDCENT command was to be rotated between German and Dutch generals. In 1996, The commander of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Europe">US Army Europe</a> (USAREUR) assumed an additional role as commander of LANDCENT with General <a href="/wiki/William_W._Crouch" title="William W. Crouch">William W. Crouch</a> assuming command. The dual command of USAREUR and LANDCENT allowed the continued integration of <a href="/wiki/United_States_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="United States armed forces">American forces</a> into NATO's post-Cold War structure. In addition, an agreement was made which set out the arrangements under which the <a href="/wiki/Eurocorps" title="Eurocorps">European Corps</a> (Eurocorps), consisting of units from <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Army">Luxembourg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spain</a>, would be made available to NATO in times of crisis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-first_century">Twenty-first century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_Allied_Force_Command_Heidelberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Twenty-first century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The departure from the Cold War era brought the implementation of a new <a href="/wiki/NATO_Military_Command_Structure" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Military Command Structure">NATO Military Command Structure</a> and LANDCENT was formally designated as Joint Headquarters Centre (JHQ CENT) in a ceremony held in March 2000. The new structure, which accompanied this designation, included personnel from five additional nations: the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Norway and Poland - making a total of 12 NATO Nations contributing to the Headquarters. In July 2004, JHQ CENT was once again reorganised and designated as Component Command-Land Headquarters, Heidelberg (CC-Land HQ HD). </p><p>In 2006, NATO recognised the need for a more flexible command and control structure. To augment the current operational level commands, NATO experimented with the use of Deployable Joint Staff Elements (DJSE). The DJSE allow <a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum" title="Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum">Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples" title="Allied Joint Force Command Naples">Allied Joint Force Command Naples</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Lisbon" title="Allied Joint Force Command Lisbon">Allied Joint Force Command Lisbon</a> to command multiple operations from their home headquarters. CC-Land HQ HD was chosen to test the concept, and was designated Force Command Heidelberg (HQ FC HD) in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_Headquarters_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_Headquarters-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first operation in which the DJSE played a role was commanding the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> (ISAF), <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Headquarters Allied Force Command Heidelberg has been deactivated as part of NATO's transformation. The newly activated <a href="/wiki/Allied_Land_Command" title="Allied Land Command">Allied Land Command</a> (LANDCOM), located in Izmir, Turkey, has assumed responsibilities from Allied Force Command Heidelberg in Germany as well as <a href="/wiki/Allied_Force_Command_Madrid" title="Allied Force Command Madrid">Allied Force Command Madrid</a> in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deactivation was finally completed on March 14, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_Allied_Force_Command_Heidelberg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CENTAG_wartime_structure_in_1989" title="CENTAG wartime structure in 1989">CENTAG wartime structure in 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_in_the_Cold_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of events in the Cold War">Timeline of events in the Cold War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_Allied_Force_Command_Heidelberg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/fchd/issues/isaf.htm">"ISAF"</a>. NATO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISAF&rft.pub=NATO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Ffchd%2Fissues%2Fisaf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+Allied+Force+Command+Heidelberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_the_Headquarters-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_the_Headquarters_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_the_Headquarters_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/fchd/issues/history_of_the_headquarters.htm">"History of the Headquarters"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Headquarters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Ffchd%2Fissues%2Fhistory_of_the_headquarters.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+Allied+Force+Command+Heidelberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas-Durrel Young, 1997, p.8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas-Durrell Young, 1997, p.9, citing Briefing slides, 'Allied Land Forces Central Europe,' HQ LANDCENT, Heidelberg, n.d.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas-Durrell Young, 1997, p.18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/fchd/issues/history_balkans.htm">"History: Balkans"</a>. NATO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History%3A+Balkans&rft.pub=NATO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Ffchd%2Fissues%2Fhistory_balkans.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+Allied+Force+Command+Heidelberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/fchd/issues/isaf-2010-2012.htm">"ISAF 2010-2012"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISAF+2010-2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Ffchd%2Fissues%2Fisaf-2010-2012.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+Allied+Force+Command+Heidelberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/nato-activates-allied-land-command-in-turkey-1.198895">"NATO activates Allied Land Command in Turkey"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATO+activates+Allied+Land+Command+in+Turkey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fnato-activates-allied-land-command-in-turkey-1.198895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+Allied+Force+Command+Heidelberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/nato-allied-land-command-activating-next-week-in-turkey-1.198170">"NATO Allied Land Command activating next week in Turkey"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATO+Allied+Land+Command+activating+next+week+in+Turkey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fnato-allied-land-command-activating-next-week-in-turkey-1.198170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+Allied+Force+Command+Heidelberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/fchd/News/2013/130314news.html">"Deactivation of Command Component Land Heidelberg"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deactivation+of+Command+Component+Land+Heidelberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Ffchd%2FNews%2F2013%2F130314news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeadquarters+Allied+Force+Command+Heidelberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_Allied_Force_Command_Heidelberg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Thomas-Durrell Young, 'Multinational Land Forces and NATO: Reforming Processes and Structures,' Strategic Studies Institute, Carlisle Barracks, 1997</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_Allied_Force_Command_Heidelberg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/fchd/index.html">Official site</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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