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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Help about using templates</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For detailed guidance on when to use substitution rather than transclusion, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Substitution" title="Wikipedia:Substitution">Wikipedia:Substitution</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This help page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;">It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:SUBST"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:SUBST&redirect=no">H:SUBST</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Substitution</b> is a function whereby, when an editor saves a page, an item in the wikicode is permanently replaced with its current value. In particular, <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">templates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">magic words</a> can be substituted, as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transclusion</a>. The difference is that when a template is substituted on a page, its appearance on that page will no longer be affected by later changes made to the template itself (as is the case in a transcluded template). </p><p>Substitution is done using the <code>subst:</code> modifier after the double opening braces. For example, to substitute the template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Afd" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Afd">afd</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, type <code>{{subst:afd}}</code>. You can check the resulting wikitext before saving by clicking "Show changes" (and see what the page will look like by clicking "Show preview"). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Variable" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Variable">Variables</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Parser_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Parser function">parser functions</a> can also be substituted, meaning that their current value will be recorded permanently on the page – they will not be re-evaluated whenever someone views the page. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#When_to_use_substitution"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">When to use substitution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Syntax"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Syntax</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Technical_implementation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Technical implementation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#The_safesubst:_modifier"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">The safesubst: modifier</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Recursive_substitution"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Recursive substitution</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Recursive_substitution_in_guided_tours"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Recursive substitution in guided tours</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#An_example_of_recursion_in_action"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">An example of recursion in action</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Further_examples"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Further examples</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Making_templates_behave_differently_when_transcluded_or_substituted"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Making templates behave differently when transcluded or substituted</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Documenting_substitution"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Documenting substitution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Limitation"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Limitation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Templates_for_substitution"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Templates for substitution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="When_to_use_substitution" data-mw-thread-id="h-When_to_use_substitution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-When_to_use_substitution"></span>When to use substitution<span data-mw-comment-end="h-When_to_use_substitution"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: When to use substitution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Generally speaking, templates are <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> rather than substituted, although there are some that are specifically designed to be substituted (and may not work if transcluded). Some reasons for substituting templates include: </p> <ul><li>making the resulting page independent of future changes to the template</li> <li>enabling other automatic replacements to occur (for example, a template may contain four tildes, which will be replaced by the user's signature and timestamp provided the template is substituted)</li> <li>enabling the page to be copied to another project without copying the template</li> <li>making page rendering faster for the server</li> <li>making the correspondence between wikitext and rendered page easier to understand (the opposite may also apply)</li></ul> <p>Disadvantages of substitution may include: </p> <ul><li>Updates to the template will not be reflected on the target page</li> <li>The resulting wikitext is longer and more complicated</li> <li>Other users cannot see that the text was produced using a template (and will not learn to use the template) <ul><li>Many templates add a hidden comment such as <code></code> to the end of their output to mitigate this issue.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Time-dependent variables are substituted to make the rendered page independent of the time at which it is viewed. Substituting page-dependent variables makes the resulting wikitext independent of renaming of the page and of copying to another page. </p><p>For more detailed guidance, including lists of templates which should or should not be substituted, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Substitution" title="Wikipedia:Substitution">Wikipedia:Substitution</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Syntax" data-mw-thread-id="h-Syntax"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Syntax"></span>Syntax<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Syntax"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Syntax" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>To substitute a template, use the same syntax as for <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transclusion</a>, but include <code>subst:</code> after the opening double braces. For example, to substitute the template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Afd" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Afd">afd</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, type <code>{{subst:afd}}</code>. Parameters can be included as in the case of transclusion, for example <code>{{subst:afd|Some article}}</code>. </p><p>Pages not in the template namespace can also be substituted, e.g. <code>{{subst:User:Cleverclogs/My box}}</code>. To substitute the current content of a page in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mainspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Mainspace">mainspace</a> (i.e. one with no namespace prefix), two colons are required, as in <code>{{subst::Page}}</code>. If a substituted page or template does not exist, the entire expression (with braces and subst:) will remain unchanged in the wikitext and on the page. </p><p>Use the same syntax to substitute variables and parser functions, e.g. <code>{{subst:PAGENAME}}</code> or <code>{{subst:#switch:{{NUMBEROFADMINS}}|1=Foo|1000=Bar|#default=Baz}}</code>. </p><p>There may be whitespace between the opening braces and the "subst:". However it is recommended not to have any space or newlines immediately after the "subst:", as this will not work in every case. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Technical_implementation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Technical_implementation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Technical_implementation"></span>Technical implementation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Technical_implementation"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Technical implementation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Substitution is part of the process performed on saving a page, and causes the wikitext saved as a result of the edit to differ from the text which the user actually entered in the edit window. Other replacements performed during this process include expansion of links using the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pipe_trick" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Pipe trick">pipe trick</a>, and replacement of multiple tildes with signatures and timestamps. </p><p>This means that substitution necessarily occurs before any actions performed at the time of page rendering (conversion of the stored wikitext to HTML). In particular, <i>substitutions are done before transclusions</i>. So typing <code>{{subst:Help:L{{in(tut)}}k}}</code> will not do substitution, even though <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:In(tut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:In(tut)">in(tut)</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> returns the text "in" and <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Help:Link</a> exists. The transclusion of <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:In(tut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:In(tut)">in(tut)</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> has not yet taken place when the substitution is attempted. However, replace <code>{{in(tut)}}</code> with <code>{{subst:in(tut)}}</code>, and both substitutions will be performed in the expected order. </p><p>Similarly: </p> <ul><li>Typing <code>{{subst:#if:{{x0}}|yes|no}}</code> gives the wikitext "yes", even though <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:X0" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:X0">x0</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> is an empty template, since the conditional parameter evaluates to the non-empty string "{{x0}}". However <code>{{subst:#if:{{subst:x0}}|yes|no}}</code> produces "no", since the inner substitution is performed first.</li> <li>Typing <code>{{subst:#expr:2*{{{p|3}}}}}</code> returns <i>Expression error: unrecognised punctuation character "{"</i>, as the undefined parameter {{{p}}} has not been replaced by its default value (3) when the substitution occurs.</li> <li>If <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:T6" title="Template:T6">t6</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> contains the text "t2|a", then <code>{{ {{subst:t6}} }}</code> will produce the wikitext "{{ t2|a }}", rendered as "[[w:List of people by name: a{{{2}}}|a{{{2}}}]]" Contrast this with the behaviour of <code>{{ {{t6}} }}</code>, which is rendered as "{{ t2|a }}", because the parser does not reinterpret the pipe as a separator during the non-substituted expansion stage. (Similarly, <code>{{subst:{{subst:t6}} }}</code> gives the wikitext <code>{{subst:t2|a }}</code>, which only on the next edit will be substituted with [[w:List of people by name: a{{{2}}}|a{{{2}}}]].)</li></ul> <p>Clicking the "Show changes" button during editing shows the wikitext that will result <i>after</i> substitution and other immediate replacements are carried out. Clicking "Show preview" shows what the rendered page will look like after these replacements. </p><p>If a page substitutes itself (e.g. in the noinclude part of a template page) it substitutes the old version, as it was before the current edit. </p><p>If the expansion of a substituted template itself contains instances of the <code>subst:</code> syntax, then the substitutions are performed recursively. However <i>substitution is not automatically recursive</i> – if a substituted template contains ordinary transclusions or variables and parser functions which are not explicitly substituted, then these will not be substituted. </p><p>Note also that if instances of the <code>subst:</code> syntax appear in a template that is being <i>transcluded</i>, then they will be rendered unchanged (as "{{subst:...}}"), since no substitution in wikitext is possible at the rendering stage. This feature can be exploited to control template behaviour (see <a href="#Making_templates_behave_differently_when_transcluded_or_substituted">§ Making templates behave differently when transcluded or substituted</a>). However, it may be inconvenient when a template is designed to be possible to transclude as well as substitute – in this case <code>safesubst:</code> can be used instead of <code>subst:</code> (see <a href="#safesubst">§ The safesubst: modifier</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_safesubst:_modifier" data-mw-thread-id="h-The_safesubst:_modifier-Technical_implementation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-The_safesubst:_modifier-Technical_implementation"></span><span class="anchor" id="safesubst"></span>The safesubst: modifier<span data-mw-comment-end="h-The_safesubst:_modifier-Technical_implementation"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The safesubst: modifier" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:SAFESUBST"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SAFESUBST&redirect=no">WP:SAFESUBST</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>The <code>subst:</code> modifier can be replaced by the alternative modifier <code>safesubst:</code>. The two have the same behaviour, except when they are encountered during non-substituted expansion (transclusion or direct viewing) of a template. In such a situation, the code <code>{{subst:...}}</code> remains unparsed, whereas the <code>{{safesubst:...}}</code> is treated as if no modifier were present – and so the subtemplate is transcluded or the variable or parser function evaluated. </p><p>Hence the <code>safesubst:</code> modifier is used in the code of templates which are designed to produce recursive substitution when substituted; but that are also intended to work when transcluded or simply to be viewed directly. Contrasted with using the <code>subst:</code> modifier, such templates would break in such cases of transclusion (and possibly on direct viewing). </p><p>For details on how to implement this (in particular, how to prevent the substitution from being performed as soon as the template code is saved), see <a href="#Recursive_substitution">§ Recursive substitution</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Recursive_substitution" data-mw-thread-id="h-Recursive_substitution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Recursive_substitution"></span>Recursive substitution<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Recursive_substitution"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recursive substitution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>As mentioned above, substitution is not automatically recursive. So if a substituted template has code containing transclusions of other templates and parser functions, that code will be copied "as is" into the resulting wikitext – the transcluded items will not themselves be substituted. </p><p>To make substitution work recursively, you must include the <code>subst:</code> syntax in the code of the calling template. However, you cannot do this by simply typing "subst:" within the template, as the substitution would then be performed as soon as the template is saved. There are two ways to work around this problem: </p> <ul><li>Use <code>subst:<noinclude/></code> in place of plain <code>subst:</code>. The noinclude tag breaks up the substitution syntax when the template is saved, but will be stripped away when it is later substituted, allowing the inner substitution to take effect. Alternatively, a larger part of the template code can be wrapped in <code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude>...</onlyinclude></code>. Then the wrapped code is ignored on the template page itself but not when it is transcluded.</li> <li>Make "subst:" the possible value of an expression containing a parameter, such as <code>{{{subst-foo|subst:}}}</code>, which will evaluate to "subst:" provided the parameter <i>subst-foo</i> is not set. This is a more flexible solution, as it allows the behaviour to be controlled via the parameter. For example, such a template might be called using <code>{{subst:<var style="padding-right: 1px;">Templatename</var>|subst-foo=|...}}</code>, assigning the parameter an empty value and thus turning off the second level of substitution. If it is not planned to use the parameter, the parameter name is often chosen to be the empty string, giving <code>{{{|subst:}}}</code>, but this can have unexpected results if a value is assigned to the empty string parameter (e.g. <code>{{Templatename|=foo}}</code>).</li></ul> <p><b>To ensure that the template will still work as intended if it is transcluded instead of substituted, use <code>safesubst:</code> instead of <code>subst:</code>.</b> This also applies if the template is also to be viewed directly, on its own page (although in this case, if the first of the above methods is used, plain subst: will still work, as the includeonly tags will cause the parser to ignore the subst: on direct viewing). </p><p>To see what a template will produce when fully expanded, without the need to explicitly substitute all subtemplates etc., the <a href="/wiki/Special:ExpandTemplates" title="Special:ExpandTemplates">Special:ExpandTemplates</a> tool can be used. </p><p>For more information, see the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Recursive_conversion_of_wikitext" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Recursive conversion of wikitext">Recursive conversion of wikitext</a> help page at Meta. See also <a href="/wiki/Help:Calculation#Substitution" title="Help:Calculation">Help:Calculation § Substitution</a>, <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Example_table_with_computations,_with_optional_substitution" class="extiw" title="m:Template:Example table with computations, with optional substitution">m:Template:Example table with computations, with optional substitution</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Example_table_with_computations,_with_optional_substitution" class="extiw" title="m:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Example table with computations, with optional substitution">backlinks</a> <a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Example_table_with_computations,_with_optional_substitution?action=edit">edit</a>)</span>, and the feature request at <a href="https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/2777" class="extiw" title="mediazilla:2777">substall</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recursive_substitution_in_guided_tours" data-mw-thread-id="h-Recursive_substitution_in_guided_tours-Recursive_substitution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Recursive_substitution_in_guided_tours-Recursive_substitution"></span>Recursive substitution in guided tours<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Recursive_substitution_in_guided_tours-Recursive_substitution"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recursive substitution in guided tours" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Help:Guided_tours" title="Help:Guided tours">Guided tours</a> can make posts on behalf of users, such as automatically posting the contents of a wiki page onto a talk page. Unlike normal substitution or transclusion, however, this function of guided tours does not respect <code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly>...</includeonly></code> and similar markup. To make recursive substitution work via guided tour posting, you can use the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Recursive_conversion_of_wikitext#Delaying_substitution_with_Template:subst" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Recursive conversion of wikitext">Delaying substitution with Template:subst</a> method. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_example_of_recursion_in_action" data-mw-thread-id="h-An_example_of_recursion_in_action-Recursive_substitution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-An_example_of_recursion_in_action-Recursive_substitution"></span>An example of recursion in action<span data-mw-comment-end="h-An_example_of_recursion_in_action-Recursive_substitution"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: An example of recursion in action" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>This is an example using the actual <a href="/wiki/Template:Like" title="Template:Like">Template:Like</a>, and a hypothetical Template:Foo. You are attempting to include the Template:Foo, and indirectly the Template:Like, on a third page through transclusion and substitution. Template:Like displays this symbol: <span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="👍" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Wikipedia_like_SVG.svg/25px-Wikipedia_like_SVG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="26" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 26px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Wikipedia_like_SVG.svg/25px-Wikipedia_like_SVG.svg.png" data-alt="👍" data-width="25" data-height="26" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Wikipedia_like_SVG.svg/38px-Wikipedia_like_SVG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Wikipedia_like_SVG.svg/50px-Wikipedia_like_SVG.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <b>Like</b> </p><p>For example, let's say the Template:Foo contained the wikitext <code>{{Like}}</code>. If you then transclude it, using the wikitext <code>{{Foo}}</code>, this will transclude the Template:Like as you would expect. But if you use the wikitext <code>{{subst:Foo}}</code>, when you save it, you find the wikitext <code>{{Like}}</code> substituted rather than the wikitext of the page Template:Like. The substitution has not been recursive. </p><p>An example of recursion would be if the Template:Foo contained the wikitext <code>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Like}}</code>. Now if you transclude it, using the wikitext <code>{{Foo}}</code>, this will transclude the Template:Like just as before. And if you save <code>{{subst:Foo}}</code> it will substitute the full actual wikitext of the Template:Like. You have therefore achieved recursive substitution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_examples" data-mw-thread-id="h-Further_examples-Recursive_substitution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Further_examples-Recursive_substitution"></span>Further examples<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Further_examples-Recursive_substitution"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further examples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Note: <span class="nowrap">{{!}}</span> substitutes to |. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Wikitext of Template:Foo </th> <th rowspan="2">When you view Template:Foo,<br>it looks like: </th> <th colspan="2">The result of {{Foo}}<br>if included on this page </th> <th colspan="2">The result of {{subst:Foo}}<br>if included on this page </th></tr> <tr> <th>saves as: </th> <th>renders as: </th> <th>saves as: </th> <th>renders as: </th></tr> <tr> <td> <pre>{{!}} {{PAGENAME}} {{#if: 1 | yes | no}} </pre> </td> <td>| <p>Foo </p><p>yes </p> </td> <td> <pre>{{Foo}} </pre> </td> <td>| <p>Substitution </p><p>yes </p> </td> <td> <pre>{{!}} {{PAGENAME}} {{#if: 1 | yes | no}} </pre> </td> <td>| <p>Substitution </p><p>yes </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <pre>{{{{{|subst:}}}!}} {{{{{|subst:}}}PAGENAME}} {{{{{|subst:}}}#if: 1 | yes | no}} </pre> </td> <td>{{subst:!}} <p>{{subst:PAGENAME}} </p><p>{{subst:#if: 1 | yes | no}} </p> </td> <td> <pre>{{Foo}} </pre> </td> <td>{{subst:!}} <p>{{subst:PAGENAME}} </p><p>{{subst:#if: 1 | yes | no}} </p> </td> <td> <pre>| Substitution yes </pre> </td> <td>| <p>Substitution </p><p>yes </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <pre>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}!}} {{{{{|safesubst:}}}PAGENAME}} {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if: 1 | yes | no}} </pre> </td> <td>| <p>Foo </p><p>yes </p> </td> <td> <pre>{{Foo}} </pre> </td> <td>| <p>Substitution </p><p>yes </p> </td> <td> <pre>| Substitution yes </pre> </td> <td>| <p>Substitution </p><p>yes </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Making_templates_behave_differently_when_transcluded_or_substituted" data-mw-thread-id="h-Making_templates_behave_differently_when_transcluded_or_substituted"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Making_templates_behave_differently_when_transcluded_or_substituted"></span>Making templates behave differently when transcluded or substituted<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Making_templates_behave_differently_when_transcluded_or_substituted"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Making templates behave differently when transcluded or substituted" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Sometimes it is desirable to make a template behave differently when substituted rather than when transcluded. A common trick for doing this is to use an expression like <code>{{{{{subst|subst:}}}ns:0}}</code>. This evaluates to the empty string if the template is being substituted (since the inner substitution takes effect, giving the prefix of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespace</a> 0, which is empty), but to "{{subst:ns:0}}" if the template is being transcluded (since substitution cannot take place after transclusion). </p><p>A common application is in templates which are designed only to be substituted, to make them produce a warning if they are mistakenly transcluded instead. This is done in templates like <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Prod" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Prod">prod</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, which are designed to produce a timestamp (e.g. for adding pages to dated categories), and will not be able to do this if transcluded. </p><p>A template, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Issubst" title="Template:Issubst">issubst</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, has been created to simplify this. It returns "yes" if substitution is being performed, or the empty string otherwise. This can then be used as the parameter of a conditional parser function to make the template display a warning method if it is being transcluded, or to otherwise change the behaviour of a template depending on whether it is being transcluded or substituted. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Documenting_substitution" data-mw-thread-id="h-Documenting_substitution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Documenting_substitution"></span>Documenting substitution<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Documenting_substitution"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Documenting substitution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Usage of a template through <code>subst:</code> does not automatically show up in page histories. Therefore, providing the line of wikitext containing "subst:" in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> is especially useful. </p><p>Also, pages with a substituted template do not show up in backlinks, and the template does not appear in the list of transcluded templates on the edit page. The template could add pages to a category to track substitutions, but listing this category on a page may clutter the list of content-based categories the page is in. Also, comments outside noinclude tags are included in the wikitext. Thus a comment can be used to mention the template. Substitution of parameters does not work inside comments, but a workaround for this is to begin an intended comment with <code><!<noinclude />--</code> so that it turns into a comment once transcluded. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Limitation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Limitation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Limitation"></span>Limitation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Limitation"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Limitation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Substitution is not available inside <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><gallery>...</gallery></code> tags. If you write <code>{{subst:foo}}</code>, it is not substituted nor transcluded, but remains as-is (it's a known bug, see <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4700" class="extiw" title="phabricator:T4700">T4700</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/#/c/272916/">gerrit:272916</a> for current status). </p><p>However it is possible to bypass this limitation by using the magic word #tag. If you write, for instance, <code>{{safesubst:#tag:ref|content of the reference}}</code>, the <i>content of the reference</i> will be substituted and the <code>{{#tag:ref|...}}</code> will be replaced with <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code>. A more concrete example: If you write for instance <code>{{safesubst:#tag:ref|...Title=ExampleTitle|archivedate={{subst:TODAY}}|Edition=Hardcover...}}</code> then the software will perform substitutions on the text within the last field and the <code>{{#tag:ref|...}}</code> will be replaced with <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code>around the altered text, and the reference will be saved with the substitution; it'll be saved as "<code>{{|...Title=ExampleTitle|archivedate=29 January 2016|Edition=Hardcover|...}}</code>" with <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code> around it. In other words, first the software will expand the templates and then place that expanded text within reference tags. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Templates_for_substitution" data-mw-thread-id="h-Templates_for_substitution"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Templates_for_substitution"></span>Templates for substitution<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Templates_for_substitution"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Templates for substitution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Require_subst" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Require subst">require subst</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> can wrap templates which require subst:</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Issubst" title="Template:Issubst">issubst</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> - Returns "yes" when substituted.</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Ifsubst" title="Template:Ifsubst">ifsubst</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> - Similar to #if: <a href="/wiki/H:MW" class="mw-redirect" title="H:MW">magic word</a>, judging from substituted or not.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User:Valereee/Substitution_and_transclusion_for_dummies" title="User:Valereee/Substitution and transclusion for dummies">Substitution for Dummies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Substitution" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Substitution">mw:Help:Substitution</a>, a longer and more technical help page at Mediawiki</li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:ExpandTemplates" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:ExpandTemplates">mw:Help:ExpandTemplates</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:TemplateData" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:TemplateData">mw:Help:TemplateData</a></li> <li><a href="https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2003" class="extiw" title="bugzilla:2003">bugzilla:2003</a> – feature request to allow marking a template as being substituted without "subst:"</li> <li>Templates containing a call to itself with "subst:" and producing a similar call with updated info, either replacing or adding to the previous info: <ul><li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:last_edit" class="extiw" title="m:Template:last edit">m:Template:last edit</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:last_edit" class="extiw" title="m:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:last edit">backlinks</a> <a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:last_edit?action=edit">edit</a>)</span> – example: <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&limit=1&target=Example+User">last edit</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:page_history" class="extiw" title="m:Template:page history">m:Template:page history</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:page_history" class="extiw" title="m:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:page history">backlinks</a> <a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:page_history?action=edit">edit</a>)</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Check_Wikipedia#Template_programming_element" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Check Wikipedia">WikiProject Check Wikipedia § Template programming element</a> lists articles where templates were substituted rather than transcluded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2011">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(According to the Wayback Machine, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528224125/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Check_Wikipedia">the last time this link worked</a> was May 2010. It appears to have been removed since then. Perhaps <a class="external text" href="https://checkwiki.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/checkwiki.cgi?project=enwiki&view=only&id=34">this tools page</a> may help find articles substituted rather than transcluded?)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_templates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template talk:Wikipedia templates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia templates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_templates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Wikipedia templates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main namespace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/General" title="Wikipedia:Template index/General">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Cleanup">Cleanup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Cleanup/Verifiability_and_sources" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Cleanup/Verifiability and sources">Verifiability and sources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Disputes" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Disputes">Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:List of infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Links" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Links">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:External_link_templates" title="Category:External link templates">External link templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_templates_linking_country_articles" title="Wikipedia:Inline templates linking country articles">Linking country articles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Main_page_and_alternatives" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Main page and alternatives">Main page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Section" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Section">Section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Sources_of_articles" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Sources of articles">Sources of articles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Sources_of_articles/Citation_quick_reference" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference">Quick reference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Standard_boxes" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Standard boxes">Standard boxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Stub_types" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types">Stub types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Translation" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Translation">Translation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other namespaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Compact_tables_of_contents" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Compact tables of contents">Compact TOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Category_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Category namespace">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/File_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/File namespace">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Talk_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Talk namespace">Talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/User_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/User namespace">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes">Userboxes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/User_talk_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/User talk namespace">User talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Wikipedia_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Wikipedia namespace">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/WikiProject_banners" title="Wikipedia:Template index/WikiProject banners">WikiProject banners</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">All namespaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Deletion" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Deletion">Deletion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Speedy deletion">Speedy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Format" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Format">Formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Maintenance">Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Merging" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Moving" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Moving">Moving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Moving/Requested" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Moving/Requested">Requested</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navigation_template" title="Wikipedia:Navigation template">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Redirect_pages" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect pages">Redirect pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:R_template_index" title="Template:R template index">Functional index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Redirect_language_codes" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect language codes">Language codes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Splitting">Splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Sister projects">Wikimedia sister projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navboxes<br>with templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Warchivenav" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Warchivenav">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Afd_see_also_documentation" title="Template:Afd see also documentation">Articles for deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Birth,_death_and_age_templates" title="Template:Birth, death and age templates">Birth, death and age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Button_templates" title="Template:Button templates">Button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Other_category-header_templates" title="Template:Other category-header templates">Category header</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_and_verifiability_article_maintenance_templates" title="Template:Citation and verifiability article maintenance templates">Citation and verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_1" title="Template:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:DRV_see_also_documentation" title="Template:DRV see also documentation">Deletion review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Editnotice_templates" title="Template:Editnotice templates">Editnotice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hatnote_templates" title="Template:Hatnote templates">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Help_desk_templates_navbox" title="Template:Help desk templates navbox">Help desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inline_cleanup_tags" title="Template:Inline cleanup tags">Inline cleanup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Introduction_cleanup_maintenance_templates" title="Template:Introduction cleanup maintenance templates">Introduction cleanup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_templates" title="Template:IPA templates">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Math_templates" title="Template:Math templates">Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Notice_and_warning_templates" title="Template:Notice and warning templates">Notice and warnings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Organization_infoboxes" title="Template:Organization infoboxes">Organization infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pam_see_also_documentation" title="Template:Pam see also documentation">Proposed article mergers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Protection_templates" title="Template:Protection templates">Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Quotation_templates" title="Template:Quotation templates">Quotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:R_template_index" title="Template:R template index">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Search_templates" title="Template:Search templates">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Semantic_markup_templates" title="Template:Semantic markup templates">Semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Speedy_deletion_navbox" title="Template:Speedy deletion navbox">Speedy deletion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Speedy_deletion_notices" title="Template:Speedy deletion notices">Notices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:String-handling_templates" title="Template:String-handling templates">String-handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sup_and_sub-related_templates" title="Template:Sup and sub-related templates">Sup and sub-related</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Top_icon_templates" title="Template:Top icon templates">Top icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Transwiki_maintenance" title="Template:Transwiki maintenance">Transwiki maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Unicode_templates" title="Template:Unicode templates">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:User_talk_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:User talk pages">User talk pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:User_noticeboard_notices" title="Template:User noticeboard notices">User noticeboard notices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Userboxes_navbox" title="Template:WikiProject Userboxes navbox">Userboxes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:User_rights_templates" title="Template:User rights templates">User rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Userspace_linking_templates" title="Template:Userspace linking templates">Userspace linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Userspace_Disclaimers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Userspace Disclaimers">Userspace Disclaimers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikibreak_templates" title="Template:Wikibreak templates">Wikibreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiLove_see_also" title="Template:WikiLove see also">WikiLove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inline images</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Icon" title="Template:Icon">Wikipedia icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_discussion_templates" title="Wikipedia:List of discussion templates">Discussion icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Done/See_also" title="Template:Done/See also">Comment icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Emoji" title="Template:Emoji">Emoji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Help pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Examples" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Examples">Examples of templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Maintenance template removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_templates" title="Wikipedia:Requested templates">Requested templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Template help</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Quick guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Templates" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Templates">WikiProject Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Index</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia templates">Category</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Search</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-wide-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="e.g. Infoboxes" size="25" dir="ltr"></div> <input type="hidden" name="ns10" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns10-style-wide-searchbox0.658218098457" checked> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search templates" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia templates">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template talk:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><b>Visit the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></i> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></i> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum.</b></li></ul> <hr> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">FAQs</a></b> <b><abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b> <b><abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b> <b><abbr title="Pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of the most commonly used Wiki markup and templates.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's governess and customs">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Making requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Help for readers</a> <abbr title="Concerns and questions readers may have about Wikipedia">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br>to Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Overviews and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">Getting started</a> <abbr title="Introductions and tutorials">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Introductions by topic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:85%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in bullet points">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biography_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts">Biographies (living)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts">Discussions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts">Leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:List dos and don'ts">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Table_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts">Titles (of articles)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a> <abbr title="Topic specific informative and instructional pages">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations/references</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Convert" title="Help:Convert">Convert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup" title="Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup">Simple vandalism cleanup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">simple archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WP_search_protocol" title="Help:WP search protocol">WP search protocol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">Coding</a> <abbr title="Wikitext information consists of the syntax used to format a page">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wiki markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Elevation" title="Help:Elevation">Elevation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's directories and indexes">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a> <small>(Encyclopedia proper)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">Missing Manual</a></b> <hr> <span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Special:MyTalk"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&action=edit&section=new&preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&preloadtitle=Help+me%21"><b>Ask for help on your talk page</b></a></span> <b><abbr title="If you need help, you can use this link to ask a question on your talk page; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!">(?)</abbr></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">help desk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br>technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br>page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:AllPages" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title='Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"'>Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Collapsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br>Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&oldid=1255256504">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&oldid=1255256504</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Substitution&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Redrose64" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1730677555"> <span>Last edited on 3 November 2024, at 23:45</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE" title="مساعدة:نسخ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:نسخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC:Subst" title="সহায়:Subst – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সহায়:Subst" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B6%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%87" title="ویکی‌پدیا:عوض‌ائتمه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:عوض‌ائتمه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8" title="সাহায্য:উপকল্পন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহায্য:উপকল্পন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Substitution" title="मदद:Substitution – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मदद:Substitution" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Substituci%C3%B3" title="Ajuda:Substitució – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ajuda:Substitució" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Skabelonssubstitution" title="Hjælp:Skabelonssubstitution – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hjælp:Skabelonssubstitution" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A8%DE%95%DE%A9%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7:Template_substitution" title="ވިކިޕީޑިއާ:Template substitution – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވިކިޕީޑިއާ:Template substitution" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helpo:Anstata%C5%ADigilo" title="Helpo:Anstataŭigilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Helpo:Anstataŭigilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ویکی‌پدیا:جانشانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:جانشانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE:Substitution" title="વિકિપીડિયા:Substitution – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિકિપીડિયા:Substitution" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8" title="विकिपीडिया:साँचा प्रतिस्थापन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:साँचा प्रतिस्थापन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pangisukat" title="Wikipedia:Pangisukat – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Wikipedia:Pangisukat" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Substitusi" title="Wikipedia:Substitusi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Substitusi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Subst" title="Aiuto:Subst – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Subst" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxilium:Substitutio" title="Auxilium:Substitutio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Auxilium:Substitutio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Substitution" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:Substitution – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:Substitution" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%A7ajnuna:Substitution" title="Għajnuna:Substitution – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Għajnuna:Substitution" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Substitution" title="विकिपीडिया:Substitution – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विकिपीडिया:Substitution" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:Substitution" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:Substitution – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:Substitution" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:Substitution" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Substitution – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Substitution" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ويکيپېډيا:بديل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويکيپېډيا:بديل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Substitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Wikipédia:Substituição – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Substituição" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Substitu%C8%9Bie" title="Wikipedia:Substituție – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Substituție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Википедия:Подстановка шаблонов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Подстановка шаблонов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="උදවු:ආදේශනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:ආදේශනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_substitution" title="Wikipedia:Template substitution – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wikipedia:Template substitution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:Substitution" title="مدد:Substitution – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مدد:Substitution" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Substitucija_predlog" title="Wikipedija:Substitucija predlog – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Substitucija predlog" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Супституција – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Википедија:Супституција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Supstitucija_%C5%A1ablona" title="Wikipedija:Supstitucija šablona – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wikipedija:Supstitucija šablona" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohje:Substaus" title="Ohje:Substaus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ohje:Substaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Substitution" title="Wikipedia:Substitution – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Substitution" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8:Substitution" title="ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃး:Substitution – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃး:Substitution" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вікіпедія:Підстановка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Підстановка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Thay_th%E1%BA%BF_b%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu" title="Wikipedia:Thay thế bản mẫu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wikipedia:Thay thế bản mẫu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8" title="Help:替换引用 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:替换引用" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 November 2024, at 23:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-fhqv7","wgBackendResponseTime":142,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-When_to_use_substitution","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Syntax","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Technical_implementation","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-The_safesubst:_modifier-Technical_implementation","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Recursive_substitution","replies":[{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Recursive_substitution_in_guided_tours-Recursive_substitution","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-An_example_of_recursion_in_action-Recursive_substitution","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":3,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Further_examples-Recursive_substitution","replies":[]}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Making_templates_behave_differently_when_transcluded_or_substituted","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Documenting_substitution","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Limitation","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Templates_for_substitution","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-See_also","replies":[]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.069"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.551","walltime":"0.710","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2569,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":82789,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4207,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":31946,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 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