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id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Описание" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Описание"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Описание</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Описание-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Орбита_≠_орбитаЛА_≠_електронен_облак" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Орбита_≠_орбитаЛА_≠_електронен_облак"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Орбита ≠ орбитаЛА ≠ електронен облак</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Орбита_≠_орбитаЛА_≠_електронен_облак-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Геометрично_представяне" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Геометрично_представяне"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Геометрично представяне</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Геометрично_представяне-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Запълване_на_орбиталите_с_електрони" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Запълване_на_орбиталите_с_електрони"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Запълване на орбиталите с електрони</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Запълване_на_орбиталите_с_електрони-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Атомна орбитала</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 64 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoomorbitaal" title="Atoomorbitaal – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Atoomorbitaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_atomico" title="Orbital atomico – арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orbital atomico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="مدار ذري – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدار ذري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_at%C3%B3micu" title="Orbital atómicu – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Orbital atómicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_orbital%C4%B1" title="Atom orbitalı – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atom orbitalı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Атамная арбіталь – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атамная арбіталь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%95" title="পারমাণবিক কক্ষক – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পারমাণবিক কক্ষক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomska_orbitala" title="Atomska orbitala – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Atomska orbitala" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_at%C3%B2mic" title="Orbital atòmic – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orbital atòmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomov%C3%BD_orbital" title="Atomový orbital – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Atomový orbital" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Атомла орбиталь – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Атомла орбиталь" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_atomig" title="Orbital atomig – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Orbital atomig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvantemekanisk_atommodel" title="Kvantemekanisk atommodel – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvantemekanisk atommodel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomorbital" title="Atomorbital – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atomorbital" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Ατομικό τροχιακό – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατομικό τροχιακό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital" title="Atomic orbital – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Atomic orbital" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_at%C3%B3mico" title="Orbital atómico – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orbital atómico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aatomorbitaal" title="Aatomorbitaal – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aatomorbitaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_atomiko" title="Orbital atomiko – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orbital atomiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="اوربیتال اتمی – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوربیتال اتمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomiorbitaali" title="Atomiorbitaali – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Atomiorbitaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitale_atomique" title="Orbitale atomique – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Orbitale atomique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_at%C3%B3mico" title="Orbital atómico – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Orbital atómico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="אורביטל אטומי – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורביטל אטומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95" title="परमाणु कक्षक – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परमाणु कक्षक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Ատոմային օրբիտալ – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ատոմային օրբիտալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_atom" title="Orbital atom – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orbital atom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitale_atomico" title="Orbitale atomico – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orbitale atomico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="原子軌道 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="原子軌道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amezzay_abelkam" title="Amezzay abelkam – кабилски" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amezzay abelkam" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90_%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84" title="원자 궤도 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원자 궤도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitalis_atomica" title="Orbitalis atomica – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Orbitalis atomica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo_orbital%C4%97" title="Atomo orbitalė – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atomo orbitalė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Атомска орбитала – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Атомска орбитала" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD" title="ആറ്റോമിക ഓർബിറ്റൽ – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആറ്റോമിക ഓർബിറ്റൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_atom" title="Orbital atom – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orbital atom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomaire_orbitaal" title="Atomaire orbitaal – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Atomaire orbitaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitala_atomica" title="Orbitala atomica – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Orbitala atomica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B2" title="ਅਟਾਮਿਕ ਆਰਬੀਟਲ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਟਾਮਿਕ ਆਰਬੀਟਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_atomowy" title="Orbital atomowy – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orbital atomowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ایٹمی مدار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایٹمی مدار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اتومي مدار – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اتومي مدار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_at%C3%B4mico" title="Orbital atômico – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Orbital atômico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_atomic" title="Orbital atomic – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orbital atomic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Атомная орбиталь – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атомная орбиталь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomska_orbitala" title="Atomska orbitala – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Atomska orbitala" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital" title="Atomic orbital – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Atomic orbital" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%B3mov%C3%BD_orbit%C3%A1l" title="Atómový orbitál – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atómový orbitál" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomska_orbitala" title="Atomska orbitala – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Atomska orbitala" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Атомска орбитала – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Атомска орбитала" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomorbital" title="Atomorbital – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Atomorbital" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="எலக்ட்ரான் சுற்றுவட்டப்பாதை – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எலக்ட்ரான் சுற்றுவட்டப்பாதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="అటామిక్ ఆర్బిటాల్ – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అటామిక్ ఆర్బిటాల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="ออร์บิทัลเชิงอะตอม – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออร์บิทัลเชิงอะตอม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomikong_orbital" title="Atomikong orbital – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Atomikong orbital" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomik_orbital" title="Atomik orbital – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atomik orbital" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Атомна орбіталь – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атомна орбіталь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_orbitali" title="Atom orbitali – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atom orbitali" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Orbital nguyên tử – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Orbital nguyên tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="原子轨道 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="原子轨道" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="原子轨道 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="原子轨道" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%BB%8C%E5%9F%9F" title="原子軌域 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="原子軌域" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A2n-ch%C3%BA_k%C3%BAi-t%C5%8D" title="Goân-chú kúi-tō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goân-chú kúi-tō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="原子軌道 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="原子軌道" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q53860#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Беседа за страницата (страницата не съществува) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Инструменти</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=history"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Основни </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Списък на всички страници, сочещи насам [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Какво сочи насам</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" rel="nofollow" title="Последните промени на страници, сочени от тази страница [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Свързани промени</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki:Uploadtext" title="Качи файлове [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Качване на файл</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Списък на всички специални страници [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Специални страници</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&oldid=11334671" title="Постоянна препратка към тази версия на страницата"><span>Постоянна препратка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=info" title="Повече за тази страница"><span>Информация за 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lang="bg" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Neon_orbitals.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Neon_orbitals.png/220px-Neon_orbitals.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Neon_orbitals.png/330px-Neon_orbitals.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Neon_orbitals.png/440px-Neon_orbitals.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Форма на първите пет атомни орбитали: 1s, 2s, 2p<sub>x</sub>, 2p<sub>y</sub> и 2p<sub>z</sub> (различните цветове означават различни фази на вълновата функция)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Атомна орбитала</b> (<b>АО</b>) е математическа (<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вълнова функция">вълнова функция</a>), която описва поведението на един или най-много два електрона в един <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атом</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Орбиталата се определя от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Квантово състояние">квантовото състояние</a> на този <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">електрон</a>, тоест от неговите <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Квантово число">квантови числа</a>. Вълновата функция има различна форма и пространствена насоченост за всеки отделен <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Електронен слой">електронен слой</a>, подслой и клетка и в математическо отношение представлява решение на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уравнение на Шрьодингер">уравнението на Шрьодингер</a> при зададени стойности на квантовите числа: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Главно квантово число">Главно квантово число (<i>n)</i></a><i> – отговарящо на номера на слоя, в който се намира електронът</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Орбитално квантово число">Орбитално квантово число</a> (<i>l) – отговарящо на подслоя, в който се намира електронът</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Магнитно квантово число">Магнитно квантово число</a> (<i>m) – отговарящо на квантова клетка от подслоя, в която се намира електронът</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Спиново квантово число">Спиново квантово число</a> <i>(s) – отговарящо на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Спин">спина</a>, който има електронът, намиращ се в тази квантова клетка.</i></li></ul> <p>За всяка различна комбинация от стойности на квантовите числа има различно решение на уравнението. Отделните решения показват разпростирането на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Вълната">вълната</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">електрона</a> в пространството около <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомно ядро">ядрото</a>. Най-общо всяка една квантова клетка отговаря на отделна орбитала. </p><p>Наименованието „орбитала“ (вместо <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Орбита">орбита</a>) отразява геометричната представа за онагледяване на стационарните състояния на електрона в атома и по-точно факта, че тези състояния се описват със законите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантова механика">квантовата механика</a> и се отличават от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класическа механика">класическото</a> движение по определена <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Траектория">траектория</a>. Съвкупността от атомни орбитали с еднакво главно квантово число <i>n</i> съставя един електронен слой. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.png/220px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.png/330px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Електронен облак</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Описание"><span id=".D0.9E.D0.BF.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Описание</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Описание" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Описание"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>След решаване на уравнението на Шрьодингер за електрон, намиращ се на определен слой, подслой и квантова клетка като резултат се получава вълнова функция. Но много време след откриването на уравнението много учени и дори самият Шрьодингер не били сигурни какво всъщност означава тази вълнова функция. </p><p>С развитието на квантовата механика вече има по ясна представа за това. Атомната орбитала представлява формата на вълната на електрона в това определено състояние. <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">Електроните</a> са частици с „двойствена природа“. В едни случаи те могат да се разглеждат като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Частица">частици</a>, а в други – като <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вълна">вълни</a> (виж <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Корпускулярно-вълнов дуализъм">Корпускулярно-вълнов дуализъм</a>). Според <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Квантова теория на полето">квантовата теория</a> всяка <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Елементарна частица">елементарна частица</a> (каквато е и електронът) всъщност представлява възбуждане на съответното ѝ поле. Тоест електронът е възбуждане на електронното поле. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хигс бозон">Хигс бозонът</a> е възбуждане на полето на Хигс. Тези „полета“ се смятат за безкрайни и преминаващи през цялата <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вселена">вселена</a>. Тези възбуждания в полетата са под формата на енергийни вълни в поле, аналогично на това как една вълна в океана е възбуждане на самия океан. А тези вълни в електронното поле всъщност представляват материята, която сме свикнали да наричаме електрон. Точно за това електронът не може да се възприема толкова като нещо материално (като много малко топче), а по-скоро като безкрайна вълна от енергия, по-силна на едни места и по-слаба на други. И орбиталата е точно тази вълна в електронното поле, олицетворяваща електрона. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Орбита_≠_орбитаЛА_≠_електронен_облак"><span id=".D0.9E.D1.80.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B0_.E2.89.A0_.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.9B.D0.90_.E2.89.A0_.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BA"></span>Орбита ≠ орбитаЛА ≠ електронен облак</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Орбита ≠ орбитаЛА ≠ електронен облак" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Орбита ≠ орбитаЛА ≠ електронен облак"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Понятието <b>орбитала</b> е понятие от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Квантовата механика">квантовата механика</a>. To обаче не трябва да се смесва c използваното от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Квантова теория на полето">квантовата теория</a> понятие <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Орбита">орбита</a></b>. Орбитата е реално съществуваща <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Траектория">траектория</a>, по която се движи дадена <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Частица">частица</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Тяло (физика)">тяло</a>. </p><p>Орбиталата е <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вълнова функция">вълнова функция</a> на един електрон с определена енергия намиращ се около ядрото на даден атом. С нейна помощ може да се изчисли разпределението на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">електронната</a> плътност. Ако се изчисли това разпределение, се намира формата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Електронен облак">електронния облак</a>, за даденото състояние на електрона около атома. Електронният облак, а не орбиталата, е частта от пространството, в която е възможно да намерим електрона (като частица). Но формата на АО и на облака са доста сходни като форма и насоченост. И до двете се достига след решаване на уравнението на Шрьодингер. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Геометрично_представяне"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.BE_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.8F.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Геометрично представяне</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Геометрично представяне" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Геометрично представяне"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Single_electron_orbitals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Single_electron_orbitals.jpg/500px-Single_electron_orbitals.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Single_electron_orbitals.jpg/750px-Single_electron_orbitals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Single_electron_orbitals.jpg/1000px-Single_electron_orbitals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption>Форма и разположение в пространството на <i>s</i>-, <i>p</i>-, <i>d</i>- и <i>f</i>-орбиталите</figcaption></figure> <p>Геометричното представяне на атомната орбитала е областта от пространството, ограничена от повърхност с равна плътност на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вероятност">вероятността</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Електричен заряд">електричния заряд</a>. Обикновено плътността на вероятността за намиране на електрона в тази ограничена област варира в диапазона 0,9 – 0,99. </p><p>Тъй като енергията на електрона се определя от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Сила на Кулон">кулоновото взаимодействие</a> и зависи от разстоянието до ядрото, главното квантово число <i>n</i> определя размера на орбиталата. Нейната форма и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Симетрия">симетрия</a> се определят от орбиталното и магнитното квантови числа <i>l</i> и <i>m</i>: <i>s</i>-орбиталите имат сферична симетрия, <i>p-</i>, <i>d-</i> и <i>f</i>-орбиталите имат по-сложна форма, определяна от ъгловите компоненти на вълновата функция. Линейната им комбинация определя положението на орбиталите спрямо осите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Декартова координатна система">координатната система</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Запълване_на_орбиталите_с_електрони"><span id=".D0.97.D0.B0.D0.BF.D1.8A.D0.BB.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.81_.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Запълване на орбиталите с електрони</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Запълване на орбиталите с електрони" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Запълване на орбиталите с електрони"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>На всяка орбитала може да се намират не повече от два електрона, различаващи се по стойността на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Спиново квантово число">спиновото квантово число <i>s</i></a> (или по <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Спин">спин</a>). Това се определя от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Принцип на Паули">принципа на Паули</a>. Редът за запълване на орбиталите с електрони с едно значение на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Главно квантово число">главното квантово числа <i>n</i></a> се определя от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Правило на Клечковски">правилото на Клечковски</a>, а редът за запълване на орбиталите с електрони в рамките на едно подниво (т.е. орбитали с еднакво <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Главно квантово число">главно квантово число <i>n</i></a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Орбитално квантово число">орбитално квантово число <i>l</i></a>) се определя от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Правило на Хунд">правилото на Хунд</a>. </p><p>Краткият запис на разпределението на електроните в <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атома</a> по различните нива според тяхното главно и орбитално <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Квантово число">квантови числа</a> <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Главно квантово число">n</a></i> и <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Орбитално квантово число">l</a></i> се нарича <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Електронна конфигурация">електронна конфигурация</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атома</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/orbital">orbital | chemistry and physics</a> //  Encyclopedia Britannica.  Посетен на 11 март 2022.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <table cellspacing="2" style="clear:both; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit; border:1px dotted var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding:.3em; margin-top:.8em; margin-bottom:.5em; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="90px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Криейтив Комънс"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/60px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/90px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/120px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="Лиценз за свободна документация на ГНУ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-style:italic">Тази страница частично или изцяло представлява <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Уикипедия:Превод">превод</a> на страницата <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Permalink/36200467" class="extiw" title="ru:Special:Permalink/36200467">„Атомная орбиталь“</a> в Уикипедия на руски. Оригиналният текст, както и този превод, са защитени от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Криейтив Комънс">Лиценза „Криейтив Комънс – Признание – Споделяне на споделеното“</a>, а за съдържание, създадено преди юни 2009 година – от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="Лиценз за свободна документация на ГНУ">Лиценза за свободна документация на ГНУ</a>. Прегледайте <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:PageHistory/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Special:PageHistory/Атомная орбиталь">историята на редакциите</a> на оригиналната страница, както и на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:PageHistory/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Специални:PageHistory/Атомна орбитала">преводната страница</a>, за да видите списъка на съавторите.  <p><b>ВАЖНО:</b> Този шаблон се отнася единствено до <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3:%D0%90%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="У:АП">авторските права</a> върху съдържанието на статията. Добавянето му не отменя изискването да се посочват <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3:%D0%A6%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="У:ЦИ">конкретни източници на твърденията</a>, които да бъдат <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3:%D0%91%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="У:БИ">благонадеждни</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Атомна_орбитала&oldid=11334671">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Атомна_орбитала&oldid=11334671</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специални:Категории">Категории</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категория:Атомна физика">Атомна физика</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категория:Квантова механика">Квантова механика</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Последната промяна на страницата е извършена на 11 март 2022 г. в 12:33 ч.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текстът е достъпен под лиценза <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.bg">Creative Commons Признание-Споделяне на споделеното</a>; може да са приложени допълнителни условия. 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