CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91349c8eee39fde4',cH: 'tFeQpbqHY2zDC0wVj9N1ObeKFCCqtDaiHTZ89drYhgc-1739783083-1.2.1.1-1blTY_5juJ_1gRXIcj2jy_ryaf5gMyi3KpiWjDs8MaK_m3gXk1Nnv_ItQB6.D4kt',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=patents&__cf_chl_tk=dLoI7nr7.Z7NBTcv.Jb1H6R6opExyJph4.Eilrz7ibo-1739783083-1.0.1.1-yoJFfKKD7pj8eSb.EzQxO9iiwVQt_04p3kGUwqJxb.I",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783083',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=patents&__cf_chl_f_tk=dLoI7nr7.Z7NBTcv.Jb1H6R6opExyJph4.Eilrz7ibo-1739783083-1.0.1.1-yoJFfKKD7pj8eSb.EzQxO9iiwVQt_04p3kGUwqJxb.I",md: "9JAh0JElTY9RODBR.sK7p4V9npFNr4aM1v65aqpfgWw-1739783083-1.2.1.1-gRmMD_oyakVTO05SVO5vOOe.iU.f7MGNb9f23kJuACZ6N6At9h9AlaDlNytCC2DxazxngM_3CfW7q2LQ1lQrW2Gn9adBa9m4UlPgvhfP8cEckueeiUI2nGpY7NQrMFbckWnCkgVGl1NxD4DBT7eTOK1poPwQJRy81ldupnLO4QYNhkNSt_epyx6UHmT9iF.9WSQcWpCCcLEiWqNXhZI.JPwVgdD3Gv1syC4m4ErQRwtaUxjq67wQo5QkCO_Mt6trdbl9SauTW6Aw53HyaDf18DsFgsxaYqbioUr.vd7bDR96.Q03Ze2N_Op0_77mV8BjMGbK3b0E69oDS04uzQ0Q__4shUhUGy9XOwmKAqIuVnep9jO1XD_ClhJtlHJIx1GriPcCfO9PBrKQNoOsdKSVd5UNFSKN3eQtcdGEd2FfXh.ZFE_QkdZ7ooLdOpTgsE7_Y5EmAUD.VrfOWHW.Hy8p2mtS74b_fDnnFqFuDXf2jTYHF4p7Da_2.nu34w4ZfsgW9yWgwE60N5xTBjVe11bGPbF_d60MApneWADJ2Au48WlfVLX3QBaNGicPgo7229S1kXGt4TzAMYO4_AWNQPR6SZpMOOk9OTCcIUaZvZw1QrHbMTAQJMVMSdQXGGh9j1CdPgl0ou6m60SYlnY7qRyW0ueUI0Hb_UFhFNiC6CHieDVtprXq_4v5gu_XncFMwHX.NYbqM0vIbTXB4dCVwxgZLLqL_i5aQe8Qv1yK4vXGdyNX9rp.d_Ezwpf1io32LAiMU9Y0DsFutZ9eoM5mT5L4VqOcPcto.Eszy53.E_kd0CmX6JXzeImljNBBVYOqBegBwBxOdi5u9ikfvtB4ffXPTDAoPt7Cw2Ejzjf9kQnzpTOuoD7VR.EmMh1o8qY4NtEew4.TPmaBe2RyY0qC3knNeWiBPEElWc34SDopGaEYh1TswLuonNJZfdmgOiD.CQJ0YOgqXWa3n1X10iVAxEFGHHe8OoreTaL4.8T1VIu3.Eldaf2YKKhqZyz8sdtxHu2BV7gSrwfHRsxQDoIDp.VlIIM7CdVjJdv652odTfBfNzc26UVz9EC9mPeKmqulnegtP56meyhcjidibymsx4RkzuXXEs6kAT8QmVXQNiZcM6vetJdNyeMX8Nxz_wScQ32NiilILossvshhmeoy95S_mBrgAV7UCiFLZGLidfKw2PrCIMWABPWkvgTwathmNjwiS._rY_rPs1X4XKV6cX0tw2o1MRmi2BQx755aTTq5U02xPanp8EJ8_.YpjizRZcCGTr1xXZAp5L3aydGIrq4VheVU16rv3JEtMXjyGn3g2Q6_7RMWZ1wIQVbzOSq2O65JOWp5oUSYvNe3sV_EJNMEgdWCJ3XXGix3TsGQXde5Iu9pvXYLv0hDGtvHvQxyrYtYM9Bwzq7C.ajiJ1aLc1eiUffQ2dwUr8Kru5Wyc7fSmhVz3L6GHRHH5jWLqe79BqMG7rDCF1LdHjSYgO3KDTD15TTpV1E.Q3bY5w7z3uQ497.coR79aFqyWYavaqpBhQAKaNSixw8O3B0EQBbl4xygbwzC9SIZSUTMSaEA49ht7Zpqqy239eot0nvHXPLpQytgCmUgqIFTyWbWPbQcVCez4f_ORok8JtqBkbs0H1rviZMKWMpmRM639DMhHMOX7dyBpyy3dVqysHT.Y1OEGgcbgsVq8a90HV1I4STxL1xtAHPsRokvnNpHnE1KFsQXVV5HfcCBSpZW.m4seQh7Q02deVqPTYLPc0rRkTbzHupIQU8a0EvNlhWc_S6pMbkmqic4EmgUJ6kzaYgTem.4csUUskIS9dyeClDlULOjdzx7sYsL9tyzm5SYR33G5YbAimJT2K0YAFKv_c4GliPYkri6bzL2XOLK8N5FjOq5QzdTLymn_bVUHPaook5EBcmndsPgudMCTusm1lVtXPvGDOhBCw",mdrd: "yFj.Q7hgu6EyprJb63mvHR8fA3mKQHxQtt.I3cfDO9o-1739783083-1.2.1.1-qPDOi5odnpz5WwwJ70zOYOIhTZ_if0lW20_RPot1sZXuIfZ9ia6_YYHBqPmn4ihD8k6nK8a4qnBrVR9URUuBht36E.26i_HZQ3hTwZnT_CUltVGz3EFnQhwYcbddNCZ3jwVdLNpchXrGLK5sSrUAQxN2pJfL66e1c6gas5YcXf0HzR3PRd9GeZ2DzmvprMW9OOSaRptzZUQSBswzC3t7inTaP9.ABaIoqpi3Z0HcLWFJIjfozovu.aR6eI6VpjKRB9uQMjkdwoJv.zLMlm3phS2SpPQCdNEFl1FdP4IooH3l.G5Ug1297_Zh0k2ImM62ENxHRD8H4W9jvf4aGJJ1v24ELSVJsB.trz9aNB4E05pssY2Hwj8CUEoWubS4g3vtlBUB1RzTTf8m.x9Bp0rle4hCBdqtPO4W88rnB4IDq_a.sjSQM5JtescTQszMaNQO.jymO4YYm0TOqur5lbr9E7rIfnKaxxqHTDufJThV5_guuFg7DA8Z6AqgcMOx2GnKS6w1aPAG.34g2hc8XcqOmEGA6omYEnslHLRSsiMI28k.3Ja.eeXjG6ORlMF6aRzWpSxd93gbVo8drdOBkgfJIgiLMQquM33dwSUhe_bMZTsxd.e2gUUwqdFdcdzba3.TvWBZ.wGDFjiJrLYeNw5FSgHMEBWmXvSD8kOjPBl7vXeluyAIEDdvqkQdR7DAYnlYRK_cPNwa8KWc5cwLTBIJiicrAiwDezIwOj1hyzBokEfX5lwOeYTKeU_.vJAjVLsXBalz.WbMhr_Gl3cUwF7U1WI.LnmjIO3Q67.tMcrs0yG3AKtNvyF2JmkTK6m.l4a9hrtGLIuQxQrhQTsfkVsJn29sPk4hN2Xx0oFjCnyMmR0J3e73OIYvgUZO7I7DwByeIsFmRugEM9j2PdKFEaYwbpqx0_6tbPug72uUa3jBl0yfG5s9UtJQGleBzdHESzsKS7eBh9bUbK3Ut2IoGElQNaFkRwclkWjJA2aYD_lOvFQMg6LSZJNfeg9nhv93148ZuzLCEV64h.qME.kAhkScRX1U7sRuBRFhnhP20cdylu4WS_b_cbR51uVpuhDDMwtslqYHkqK6p1BIpehsFLjXzaaZvCZltNGNBR.671LbSmthhOWHQF.6QiVl_R6M03Q2XY4acYtqZCDtspgDlpM_L2kzBkxjLKPvIcQGT.glTzqsih7Mp0Y9Z8.iPd4LTQ4w0nD1KaXXPKS_vc5pdO7VUIJvLhouvZaS2fhZeXdCdbkq9f5B9KU0QW2FvdGuw7uor5d18viXxcnisEr_8Ra_rLxSZUAuEIrV5GJIgxf0ShSYl_uhrdlVA5pnMLznhiQpLnArTIhZAOOZ_ulu62px_MwSd_VnE9iG7KjiU7osjsDhXm36jGGtN7B4W_G.IzLKQBXypaTo.yRmFYrCkUm.bNcbwdZkb238KukqS2GZg_BgilnDLc_X59Hg79HOt3Gj.5JdTL8aGe0nNtbQ6zOlZ8b1LoRbN4leB8Y1gzMu295cly9OAHgQLdcT.bxWZvuf8F2W.hSfCUHUo1y3I8IBfWiQmv_R9T63LW.oWzXgTpXjcxdNKCyjA4RniwGLq21zMqvTFNTIO_h5ZR_O22IoVHtvZ4fJRtIAixemztSQ35WjM6wvgo9HnWclD73viTzxSu_MeWZGVCb7XQhYyE2u7H3t_XErZQUECiv.z682lq9u3SW1053.QBxSVmIZQBg2XwDEgdU2vl.jSR3XOL6185M_nvj52aD4mW3Y6GLsBy5nWRNGfYvjuTB8p3O4KCNJzUyvDsySz4iIZia.9quDhALCm2fml9I.Udt6P6Z2aDJCdPwbyuQo1EwXW1gI37ZIMuPKa2erv7AlrcXmA2plR2A0xK1jf.zIPlZGU8HJKbGkSEAIeqRIvpsziZrggedlFKW6wDbK6kZX0PH8Phjwwd_GwuG63zJs2OaNFh96zba_b44R494HDKq6UQYysikmlndfkQZykmPqI46GdJyerQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91349c8eee39fde4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=patents&__cf_chl_rt_tk=dLoI7nr7.Z7NBTcv.Jb1H6R6opExyJph4.Eilrz7ibo-1739783083-1.0.1.1-yoJFfKKD7pj8eSb.EzQxO9iiwVQt_04p3kGUwqJxb.I" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>